Nutritional Biochemistry - Science topic

Professor Mousa Numan Ahmad Profile Professor Mousa Numan Ahmad specializes in human nutrition and dietetics and is now a senior professor of clinical nutrition/ biochemistry/ cardio metabolism here in the Department of Nutrition, Food Technology, Division of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, the University of Jordan. He is one of the founding member...

Dietary flaxseed (FS) and its components including FS oil (FSO), secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and fiber, are processed by the gut microbiota. These data are in support of the article entitled “Discriminatory and cooperative effects within the mouse gut microbiota in response to flaxseed and its oil and lignan components”, Journal of Nutri...

Professor Mousa Numan Ahmad specializes in human nutrition and dietetics and is now a senior professor of clinical nutrition/ biochemistry/ cardio metabolism here in the Department of Nutrition, Food Technology, Division of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, the University of Jordan. He is one of the founding members of this department. Professor Mousa...

This chapter dwells on the commonly used medicinal plants and the active compounds (the phytochemicals) which are often the basis for their medicinal, pharmaceutical, and food applications. Modern and traditional trends in medicine now turn towards using the active compounds in these plants without using whole plants. These active compounds are mai...

This study aims to determine the effect of yellow sweet potato extract as a prebiotic source for fermentation kinetics L. paracasei. Bacteria L. paracasei , which is used here, is a collection of Laboratory Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Animal Science UGM. Concentrations of yellow sweet potato extract used to determine the Km value L. paraca...

My interest in biological chemistry proceeded from enzymology in vitro to the study of physiological chemistry in vivo Investigating biological redox reactions, I identified hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a normal constituent of aerobic life in eukaryotic cells. This finding led to developments that recognized the essential role of H2O2 in metabolic r...

Background: The department of Haematology and Oncology at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children (RHSC) in Edinburgh have developed their own nutritional standards specific to paediatric cancer. We aimed to audit the current nutritional practice in anthropometry, nutritional biochemistry and malnutrition screening for paediatric cancer patients again...

Introduction: Evaluation is the process of examining a program or process to determine what's working, what's not, and why. It determines the value of learning and training programs and acts as blueprints for judgment and improvement. The goal of formative assessment is to gather feedback that can be used by the students to guide improvements in le...

It is becoming increasingly accepted that there is an epidemic of chronic non-communicable disease that is underpinned by oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, dysbiosis and derangement of nutritional biochemistry and detoxification. These core pathophysiologic mechanisms converge to alter cellular and whole-body metabolic pathways and result in...

There is a strong cerebrovascular component to brain aging, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia. Foods, common drugs, and the polyphenolic compounds contained in wine modulate health both directly and through the gut microbiota. This observation and novel findings centered on nutrition, biochemistry, and metabolism, as well as the newer insigh...

In phenylketonuria, casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) requires modification with the addition of some essential and semi essential amino acids to ensure suitability as a protein substitute. The optimal amount and ratio of additional amino acids is undefined. Aim A longitudinal, parallel, controlled study over 12 months evaluating a CGMP (CGMP-AA2) f...

This article focuses on the medical, food, and nutritional biochemistry and uses of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are used with the intention of health maintenance, to be administered for specific conditions, or both, whether in modern or in traditional medicines. Many phytochemicals with established or potential biological activity have been...

This study aims to investigate dietary and nutritional biochemistry profiles of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to explore their potential relationship by path analysis. We enrolled 216 children with ADHD and 216 age-, height- and gender-matched controls from 31 elementary schools in Taiwan. Dietary intake of the participants w...

Pomegranate a bioactive fruit being grown in tropical climatic conditions has various therapeutic benefits due to bioactive compounds in it. It is now being utilized in nutrition as well as medicinal industries due to its strong potential. It has potent nutritional values and immense health benefits. Pomegranate fruits, seeds and peels are intensiv...

Regarding nutrition, the new trend of consumption includes vegetables and fruits in the diet and concludes that new preference is to natural foods. Red grape berries constitute a great candidate to this target because of their high phenolic content, including anthocyanins which play a major role in their nutraceutical properties. Anthocyanins are r...

This study aims to investigate dietary and nutritional biochemistry profiles of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to explore their potential relationship by path analysis. We enrolled 216 children with ADHD and 216 age-, height-and gender-matched controls from 31 elementary schools in Taiwan. Dietary intake of the participants was...

Regarding nutrition, the new trend of consumption includes vegetables and fruits in the diet and concludes that new preference is to natural foods. Red grape berries constitute a great candidate to this target because of their high phenolic content, including anthocyanins which play a major role in their nutraceutical properties. Anthocyanins are r...

Prof. Dr. Mousa Numan Ahmad specializes in Human Nutrition and Dietetics is now Vice Dean of Scientific Research and a senior Professor of Clinical Nutrition- Cardiometabolism here at the Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Human Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Jordan. He is one of the founding members of this Department. Prof....

Chemical safety of treating chemical substances is key problems that unite the international community. Realization of the modern model of chemical safety provides the coordinated work of legal, economic, ecological-hygienic, prophylactic and educational components. A doctor of ХХІ century must have knowledge about modern approaches to classificati...

The epidemic of socially-rooted, lifestyle-driven non-communicable diseases (NCDs; also referred to as socially-transmitted conditions) has now overtaken infectious diseases as the leading cause of human mortality. Despite this reality, physician education, training and practice within industrialized nations is heavily slanted toward the biopharmac...

The aim of this research was to identify the influence of different types of muscle on the characteristics physical quality frozen meat of Simmental Ongole Crossbreed Male frozen meat. The research had been conducted at the Laboratory of Meat Technology and Processing and Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Animal Science, University...

The Human Metabolome Database or HMDB (www. hmdb.ca) is a web-enabled metabolomic database containing comprehensive information about human metabolites along with their biological roles, physiological concentrations, disease associations, chemical reactions, metabolic pathways, and reference spectra. First described in 2007, the HMDB is now conside...

Introduction: Evaluation is the process of examining a program or process to determine what's working, what's not, and why. It determines the value of learning and training programs and acts as blueprints for judgment and improvement. The goal of formative assessment is to gather feedback that can be used by the students to guide improvements in le...

A large number of insect species are potential sources of valuable nutrients for humans and animals. Inadequate information and advocacy on them seem to make this valuable source under-utilized in nutritional biochemistry. This study was conducted to determine the lipid composition profiles of processed larvae (palm grubs) of Rhynchophorus phoecini...

The aim of this work was to develop and characterise a new probiotic fermented goat milk product (PFGM), obtained by acid coagulation of goat milk enriched with both functional nutrients and probiotics. PFGM was made by mixing predefined amounts of whole milk, skimmed milk and/or cream of milk, whey protein microparticulate, marine alga oil (Life’s...

Influence of plant polyphenol and oxazaphosphorine agents on human leukemia cells Kamil Blicharski1, Katarzyna Śladowska1, Małgorzata Opydo-Chanek1, Ulf Niemeyer2, Lidia Mazur1 1Department of Experimental Hematology, Jagiellonian Uniwersity in Krakow, Poland; 2NIOMECH, University of Bielefeld, Germany Chemotherapy is one of the basic tools in tr...

Combined action of plant polyphenols and oxazaphosphorine agent Kamil Blicharski1, Małgorzata Opydo-Chanek1, Ulf Niemeyer2, Lidia Mazur1 1 Department of Experimental Hematology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; 2NIOMECH, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany Polyphenols, as the plant origin compounds, are present in large quantitie...

Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, as well as diet and exercise, play an important role in the development and treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. If an individual’s susceptibility to becoming obese and their responsiveness to weight loss interventions are to be understood, then it needs to be addressed at a molecular and metabolic level, inc...

Background: Detailed nutritional intake data on children with organic acidaemias (OA) (propionic acidaemia (PA), vitamin B12 nonresponsive methylmalonic acidaemia (MMA) and isovaleric acidaemia (IVA)) remains unreported. Aim and subjects: A review of the longitudinal nutritional intake of 14 children with organic acidaemias (PA n = 8; MMA n = 5; I...

In clinical medicine, increasing attention is being directed towards the important areas of nutritional biochemistry and toxicant bioaccumulation as they relate to human health and chronic disease. Optimal nutritional status, including healthy levels of vitamin D and essential minerals, is requisite for proper physiological function; conversely, ac...

Food security in Venezuela” was the central theme of the third symposium on nutrition organized by the Working Group on Nutrition Transition of the Bengoa Foundation for Food and Nutrition. It was held in the Sixth Research Conference of the Institute of Experimental Biology (UCV) and the 64th AsoVAC Annual Convention, and framed in the celebration...

Eudrilus euginiae is one among the well studied species of earthworms involved in the conversion of organic waste resources into value added products (vermicompost). Efforts were taken to understand the impact of textile effluent on the population of earthworms mimicking the condition prevalent in textile belt of Tamil Nadu, India where effluents a...

Nutrition in crisis: Almost every day a new study shows that you are at risk for diabetes or cardiovascular disease or all-cause mortality brought on by a newly appreciated toxin which turns out to be something that you just had for lunch. Most of us no longer know what to eat or who to believe. " — Chapter 16 of The World Turned Upside Down The Wo...

In the academic programs of Nutrition, Biochemistry is one of the early disciplines, despite of that it is essential. This course includes practical classes in order to improve understanding and make more effective the teaching content, because it are based on direct observations which can elucidate the molecular reactions that teaching Biochemistr...

From an epistemological point of view, nutritional physiology has been developed, like other factual sciences such as physics, from a purely descriptive to a mechanismic-explanatory scientific discipline. Nowadays, nutritional physiology has entered the molecular stage. Based on this micro-reductionism, molecular targets (e.g., transcription factor...

Climate change challenges for food security: Strategic approach for sustainable aquaculture A. K. Pal and Sanal Ebeneezar Central Institute of Fisheries Education, (Deemed University, ICAR), Versova, Mumbai- 400061 In the present scenario, climate change is one of the most important issues of concern for the people to save the earth for the future...

Moringa oleifera (MO) is an important source of antioxidants, flavonoids and tools in nutritional biochemistry that could be beneficial for human health. The leaves and flowers are used by the population with great nutritional importance. MO has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value. Different parts of this plant contain...

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Due to important role of nutrition research in understanding of relevant health subjects and lack of periodic situation analysis of nutrition articles in Iran, this study was conducted to assess nutrition publications in two time intervals of 2001-2005 and 2006-2010 in Farsi scientific journals. A title to title search was performed in all medical,...

Objective: To evaluate the anthropometric and biochemical status of children with nutritional deficiency. Methods: We have conducted a prospective study on 226 children admitted in Pediatric Clinic I, divided into two groups: one group of 49 children with nutritional deficiency (body-mass-index < -2SD) and one control group (177 children). We have...

This book is designed and formatted for an undergraduate student level and fits with the curriculum of biochemistry courses in all medical universities throughout the world. This book represents educational material which will provide students with a simple understanding of basic concepts of the macronutrient metabolism, biochemical events of macro...

This book is designed and formatted for an undergraduate student level and fits with the curriculum of biochemistry courses in all medical universities throughout the world. This book represents educational material which will provide students with a simple understanding of basic concepts of the macronutrient metabolism, biochemical events of macro...

omorrow's doctors need to be able to manage the growing burden of nutrition-related illness. Up to 40% of hospital inpatients are malnourished( 1 )and over half the Irish population is either overweight or obese. Whilst the importance of nutrition education in the medical curriculum is widely acknowledged( 2 , 3 ), current nutrition education for m...

Recent advances in nutritional biochemistry are providing better understanding of its nutritional value. The nutritive value of rice includes protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrates, ash, minerals viz. Ca, P, Fe, Na, K and Vitamins viz. Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, tocopherol. Rice contains vitamin B in small quantities.

Problem statement: Human Nutrition, a necessary component of health-education, studies the food-depended growth/maintenance of the human body. To approach what nutritionists will need to apply in the 21st century, we searched the literature for new syllabus-fields. Approach: We detected fields likely to play a significant and innovative role in uni...

Background: The biphasic effect of soy isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) on oestrogen receptor (ER)α+ breast cancer cell proliferation is well documented, with concentrations of ≤10µM promoting proliferation1, and growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects seen at concentrations >10µM2. However genistein concentrations as low as 1nM inhibits the pr...

Objective: To check the serum retinol concentration and assess the nutritional status of postpartum women assisted at Januario Cicco Maternity School, Natal / RN in relation to vitamin A deficiency. Methods: We recruited 190 healthy postpartum women assisted at a Brazilian public hospital. Serum retinol concentration was analyzed by high performanc...

There is conflicting evidence on the effect of seat location on student performance and participation in the classroom. The two major hypotheses are (1) that seat location influences student behavior and (2) that seat preference and selection is associated with personality traits of students. This study evaluated both hypotheses within a 55 student...

Supervisor’s supporting comments Wahajuddin has shown strong enthusiasm with equal intensity of hard work in bioanalytical research since the day he joined as a scientist in this department. His intrinsic learning abilities made him acquire deep knowledge in the area of bioanalysis and he quickly became competent in conducting regulatory/explorator...

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the principle biochemical component of the spice turmeric and has been shown to possess potent anti-catabolic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant, properties. In this chapter we provide a brief review of osteoarthritis (OA) and discuss the anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin in the context of its actions on arti...

Micronutrients influence multiple metabolic pathways including oxidative and inflammatory processes. Optimum micronutrient supply is important for the maintenance of homeostasis in metabolism and, ultimately, for maintaining good health. With advances in systems biology and genomics technologies, it is becoming feasible to assess the activity of si...

Since the discovery of leptin, great advances occurred in the characterization of hypothalamic mechanisms involved in the control of food intake and oxyntomodulin is currently recognized as a homeostasis energy regulator. This review discusses the most important interrelationships between the hormone oxyntomodulin and appetite, energy homeostasis a...

Since the discovery of leptin, great advances occurred in the characterization of hypothalamic mechanisms involved in the control of food intake and oxyntomodulin is currently recognized as a homeostasis energy regulator. This review discusses the most important interrelationships between the hormone oxyntomodulin and appetite, energy homeostasis a...

Dentro del campo de la bioquímica nutricional se han desarrollado diversos modelos animales como alternativas a los estudios con humanos, debido a las complicaciones que estos últimos tienen. El gorgojo de arroz es uno de esos modelos. Este bioensayo es de fácil manejo, económico, de corta duración, reproducible y no está sujeto a las regulaciones...

After total gastrectomy, the ileocecal graft may act as a reservoir and protect against reflux but give rise to transposition of the ileum and cause possible changes in bile acid metabolism and nutrition. This study compared the ileocecal graft and jejunal pouch. Male Wistar rats weighing 265 +/- 22 g were submitted to sham operation (S), ileocecal...

Problem Based Learning (PBL) approach has been worldwide used in medical education and it is also been implemented in other fields such as science, technology and mathematics education. PBL is also a collaborative learning approach such as the small group study techniques that has been widely used in the biochemistry classes at Universidade Estadua...

Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6, InsP6) is a polyphosphorylated carbohydrate, contained in high concentrations (0.4-6.4%) in cereals and legumes. IP6 known more commonly as “phytic acid” is the major form of phosphorous in the seeds, wherein it is found as deposits of mixed “phytate” salts of K, Mg, Ca, Mn, and Zn (1-3). In the plant kingdom, it is als...

The nutritional biochemistry of trivalent Cr has been a poorly understood field of study; investigations of the biochemistry of the other essential transition metals have not proven as problematic. Despite over four decades of endeavour, only recently has a picture of the role of Cr potentially started to be defined. The biologically-relevant form...

A new Open Access journal, Nutrition & Metabolism (N&M) will publish articles that integrate nutrition with biochemistry and molecular biology. The open access process is chosen to provide rapid and accessible dissemination of new results and perspectives in a field that is of great current interest. Manuscripts in all areas of nutritional biochemi...

Progress in nutritional biochemistry has always depended on progress in analysis of nutrients. Animal growth assays were fundamentally important in the discovery and initial isolation of the fat-soluble vitamins. Chromatography, initially introduced by Tswett for separation of plant pigments (including carotenoids), quickly became indispensable for...

Integrative cancer care (ICC) is the treatment of patients with cancer, under physician supervision, with appropriate conventional treatments in a healing context based on insights from research on nutrition, biochemistry, exercise, and psycho-oncology. It uses validated techniques and practitioners of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM),...

Nicotinamides and flavins are essential cofactors in enzyme-catalysed reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions and are classified as vitamins because they must be supplied in the diet. Another redox cofactor, pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), was first discovered in bacteria and is also likely to be important in mammals, but the biochemical pathways in...

This five-stage problem explores amino acid metabolism in the context of a story about a college student who chooses to become a vegetarian against the best wishes of her mother. It requires students to analyze isotopic data from classic experiments in nutritional biochemistry and explain the results in terms of now known metabolic pathways. It pro...

There are few data on the optimal micronutrient composition of paediatric enteral feeds. The recent European Directive on Foods for Special Medical Purposes (1999/21/EC) did not distinguish between the composition of adult and paediatric feeds. To evaluate, in an open, observational study, the long term nutritional biochemistry of 12 children aged...

The essentiality of vitamins in nutrition responds to the fact of defective mutations that interrupted the chain of their biosynthesis in the human organism in the course of evolution. An insufficient supply with the diet generates parallel to the decrease of the corporal reserves, first a latent one and later a frank avitaminosis.For each one of t...

Nutritional insult after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is complex and its nutritional management challenging. Enteral nutrition is cheaper and easier to provide than parenteral nutrition, but its tolerance and effectiveness in reversing nutritional depletion after BMT is poorly defined. Nutritional status, wellbeing, and nutritional biochemistr...

The health (self-reported health conditions) and nutritional status (food and nutrient intake, nutritional biochemistry, anthropometry) of 189 elderly Greeks living in Melbourne, Australia were described and compared with 104 elderly Greeks living in a rural town in Greece (Spata) using a validated health and food frequency questionnaire. Spata was...

In this review, our basic and most recent understanding of copper biochemistry and molecular biology for mammals (including humans) is described. Information is provided on the nutritional biochemistry of copper, including food sources, intestinal absorption, transport, tissue distribution, and excretion, along with descriptions of copper binding p...

Bobby L. Reid, Professor and Head of the Department of Nutritional Sciences at The University of Arizona, died February 19, 1995, in Las Cruces, New Mexico, while traveling on vacation. He was 65. During his 35 yr of service to the University of Arizona College of Agriculture, Reid headed several academic departments; taught courses in nutrition, b...