North America - Science topic

Forest ecosystems play a major role in sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide, which can help offset the detrimental effects of anthropogenic carbon emissions. However, climate change has and will continue to affect the phenology of forest ecosystems' carbon uptake, changing both the "carbon uptake transition date"-when forests shift from being a...

It is still unclear to what extent transition risks are being internalised by financial investors. In this paper, we provide a novel investigation of the impact of media-based measures of transition risks on credit risk of energy companies, as measured by their CDS indices, in both Europe and North America. Using linear and non-linear local project...

It is still unclear to what extent transition risks are being internalised by financial investors. In this paper, we provide a novel investigation of the impact of media-based measures of transition risks on credit risk of energy companies, as measured by their CDS indices, in both Europe and North America. Using linear and non-linear local project...

INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer was the second most frequent cancer in men worldwide and the fifth greatest cause of cancer-related death in 2018, with an estimated 1.3 million new cases and 359,000 related deaths. 1 The risk of dying from prostate cancer in Western Africa is the fifth highest in the world. Nigeria has the largest economy and populati...

The current tunnel lighting calculation method does not completely consider the dynamic change in light transmittance in a tunnel and reflection characteristics of the tunnel sidewall. Thus, the measured and calculated values of road surface illuminance present a considerable difference, which seriously affects the tunnel lighting design and qualit...

An international collaboration of observers from North America and Europe presents a lightcurve of the Earth commensurate asteroid 357 Ninina that shows a synodic rotation period 36.00 ± 0.01 hours, amplitude 0.08 ± 0.01 magnitudes with a single deep minimum in an otherwise nearly flat lightcurve.

Remains of small ducks are described from the boundary Early-Middle Miocene deposits of Tagay (Baikal Region), the only locality in Asia with a representative bird fauna from the Miocene climatic optimum. The new taxa Mioquerquedula palaeotagaica sp. nov. and Tagayanetta palaeobaikalensis gen. et sp. nov., which correspond to modern Anas crecca in...

In February 2023, the airspace of two countries in North America and China was the scene of a series of UFO sightings, resulting in the proven shooting down of one of these objects by the United States Air Force. Reportedly, one of the object was identified as a balloon of Chinese origin, while the others remain unknown. With respect to this, the L...

A recently discovered tracksite in the Abo Formation in the Quebradas region of Socorro County is distinguished by unusually high ichnodiversity and exceptional preservation. This site, NMMNH (New Mexico Museum of Natural History) locality 12617, is north of Tinajas Arroyo in the Cañon de Espinoso Member of the Abo Formation, about 5 meters below t...

Despite the global effort to end the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic as a global threat by 2030, the rate of new HIV infections worldwide remains unacceptably high among men who have sex with men, hence the need to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the risk of HIV infection. This...

Abstract—Numerous investigations have described the rudist bivalve “Ichthyosarcolites” coraloidea Hall and Meek, 1856, from the Upper Cretaceous strata of western North America. Among the well-dated examples is one from the middle-Campanian Lewis Shale in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico, 75.76 + 0.34 Ma. However, contemporary perspectives suggest...

Abstract—There are currently two unanswered questions in horned dinosaur evolution. First, how could western North America support such a high diversity of ecologically similar, large-bodied dinosaur species in the late Campanian? Second, why was the trophic network of western North American dinosaurs restructured during this time, reducing the app...

Abstract—Rudists are uncommon to rare in the Upper Cretaceous strata of western North America, and antillocaprinid rudists in particular often lack the quality of preservation necessary for generic or specific identification. This study reports a small, three-flanged right valve of an antillocaprinid rudist that is referred to Antillocaprina quadra...

This study examines the warm Arctic-cold North American pattern (WACNA) and its connection with the warm Arctic-cold Eurasia pattern (WACE) using ERA5 reanalysis and a 50-member ensemble of historical climate simulations produced by CanESM5, the Canadian model participated in CMIP6. The results indicate that a negative WACE-like pattern typically p...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented relaxation of restrictions on take-home doses in opioid agonist treatment (OAT). We conducted a mixed methods systematic review to explore the impact of these changes on program effectiveness and client experiences in OAT. Methods The protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD4...

The positive impact of diversity on health research and outcomes is well-recognised and widely published. Despite this, published evidence shows that at every step of the research pathway, issues of equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) arise. There is evidence of a lack of diversity within research teams, in the research questions asked/research p...

The use of fossil fuels has pushed the world towards crucial ecological tipping points and a climate crisis. The rapid decarbonization of all sectors is necessary to limit the worst impacts of this. Within the sports and sport-tourism sectors, event organizers and policymakers are increasingly interested in assessing the environmental impacts of ev...

The tumbling flower beetles (Mordellidae) comprise a large family of broad ecological interest. Many adults are commonly found on flowers and contribute to pollination, but surprisingly little is known about the larval biology of the group. Most species are thought to be saproxylic, although only a few scattered records of larval habits exist. Rece...

The onset of COVID-19 coincided with the peak growth of video game usage, with 2.7 billion gamers in 2020. During the pandemic, gaming and streaming platforms offered an entertaining, social, and safe alternative to recreation during severe lockdowns and social isolations. This study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health-re...

While the written terms of the Columbia River Treaty appear to justify the often-heard claim that it is all about hydropower and flood control, a full account of its history reveals its critical importance to US agriculture and close relationship to early phases of colonization and development in the Upper Columbia River Basin. In this paper I argu...

A new species of the genus Phlaeopterus Motschulsky, 1853 from Shaanxi is described and illustrated.

This article will demonstrate the value of Boulding’s concept of psychic capital in explaining the survival of Quebec and other North American francophone communities where French is the first language. Psychic capital holds that while in an economic unit there will be a store of financial capital which is necessary for the continued existence of a...

This article offers an innovative way of understanding gender balance in parliaments. Motivated by research documenting how newcomers are disadvantaged during their first term in office, while senior members enjoy certain privileges, we want to find out how common women are among senior members of parliaments. We launch an institutional approach co...

Historical persecution of grizzly bears in North America reduced the species range by 55%. Today, dedicated recovery efforts and shifting societal perceptions have supported the recovery and expansion of grizzly bear populations in many areas. With increasing overlap between people and bears, conservation actions and scientific inquiry are now shif...

Historically, suckers (Catostomidae) have been largely neglected in conservation efforts. Due to pervasive lotic habitat degradation and loss throughout North America, sucker habitat knowledge is urgently needed for conservation. The sicklefin redhorse (Moxostoma sp.) is an undescribed, imperiled sucker, endemic to a small geographic range in the s...

כינון עולם הספריות והארכיונים בישראל הושפע מהניסיון להביא לארץ מומחים מארצות הברית כבר בתחילת המאה ה־.20 מן הספרנים והספרניות המומחים שהגיעו לארץ בלטה במיוחד סופי יודין, פעילה ציונית שכמו מומחים אחרים ראתה עצמה סוכנת מודרניזציה בנוסח אמריקה. חייה היו שזורים הן בתולדות הקהילה היהודית בארצות הברית הן בסיפור בנייתה של מדינת ישראל. עם הקמת המדינה התעצמ...

A fully automated processing system for measuring long-term ground deformation time series and deformation rates frame-by-frame using DInSAR processing technique was developed at the Canada Center for Remote Sensing. Ground deformation rates from 2017 to 2023 were computed over a large territory of North America and Eurasia from more than 220,000 r...

Aim Geographic structure is a fundamental organising principle in ecological and Earth sciences, and our planet is conceptually divided into distinct geographic clusters (e.g. ecoregions and biomes) demarcating unique diversity patterns. Given recent advances in technology and data availability, however, we ask whether geographically clustering div...

The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is characterised by huge ice sheets covering the Northern Hemisphere, especially over North America, and by its cold climate. Numerical simulations of the climate and ice sheets of the LGM have been performed to better understand these systems, however the inherent uncertainty and sensitivity in the simulations to the...

Site amplification models were developed as part of the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) project to evaluate potential seismic risks in areas of North America. However, these models have low validity in seismic risk prediction in deep soft soil deposits (DSSDs) due to the lack of sufficient seismic recordings collected from DSSDs and site-specific...

In this study, we conducted a global assessment of the sensitivity of vegetation greenness (VGS) to precipitation and to the estimated Lagrangian precipitation time series of oceanic (PLO) and terrestrial (PLT) origin. The study was carried out for terrestrial ecosystems consisting of 9 biomes and 139 ecoregions during the period of 2001–2018. This...

Forested landscapes containing eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) are under threat by the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) in eastern North America. Although several studies have shown the negative effects of adelgid invasion in local bird communities, its regional impacts have not yet been quantified. Using broad-scale spatial (eas...

Introduction: Contrary to North America and Europe, the prevalence of hypertension is rising in West Africa. With a transition from whole foods to processed foods in Nigeria, diet plays a key driver of hypertension. To combat this, the national nutritional guidelines in Nigeria were implemented, but their translation into actionable tools for clini...

Ethiopia’s economy is dominated by agriculture, contributing 45% to 50% of gross domestic product (GDP) and employing 70% of the active workforce. Most farming remains characterized by smallholder plots, with rainfed systems predominating, yet increasingly vulnerable because of uncertain rainfall and temperature patterns. In addition, due to a comp...

Fire can alter the trajectory for plant invasions; however, invasive plant responses to fire vary among regions and species. It is unclear how recent increases in large, mixed-severity wildfires in eastern ponderosa pine forests of North America have influenced patterns in plant species invasion. We sampled invasive plant species across three mixed...

Cenococcum geophilum ( C. geophilum ) is a widely distributed ectomycorrhizal fungus that plays a crucial role in forest ecosystems worldwide. However, the specific ecological factors influencing its global distribution and how climate change will affect its range are still relatively unknown. In this study, we used the MaxEnt model optimized with...

Understanding the consequences of global change for migratory birds is complex as individuals are exposed to diverse conditions and experiences that interact across their annual cycle. Species distribution models (SDMs) can serve as a powerful tool that help us understand how species distributions respond to global change. However, SDMs applied to...

Chronic wasting disease is a fatal prion condition of cervids such as deer, elk, moose and reindeer. Secretion and excretion of prion infectivity from North American cervids with this condition causes environmental contamination and subsequent efficient lateral transmission in free-ranging and farmed cervids. Variants of cervid PrP exist that affec...

Mitigating CO2 emissions from long-haul commercial trucking is a major challenge that must be addressed to achieve substantial reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector. Extensive recent research and development programs have shown how significant near-term reductions in GHGs from commercial vehicles can be achieve...

The 2018 election of Premier Doug Ford and the Progressive Conservative (PC) government ushered in a new era of neoliberal populism in Ontario, Canada. Ford’s election platform, titled a “Plan for the People,” resonated with the business elite who supported his free-market reforms but also with middle-class and blue-collar workers living in suburba...

Siblings of children with chronic illnesses are at high risk of adverse psychosocial and developmental outcomes, yet limited sibling-specific services are available at most pediatric healthcare facilities. Child life specialists are often the professionals most focused on and available to provide education, emotional support, and therapeutic play t...

White-nose syndrome (WNS) has significantly impacted little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) (MYLU) populations in North America and continues to spread throughout the Pacific Northwest, posing a potential threat to populations in Alaska. Unfortunately, little is known about MYLU habitats in the coastal environments of the Northern Gulf of Alaska. I...

Social-emotional competence (SEC) is a multidimensional construct involving diverse skills and mindsets contributing to intrapersonal and interpersonal well-being. Despite increasing efforts to promote youth SEC worldwide, the existing SEC measurements are largely based on frameworks and evidence originating from Western societies, questioning the...

Sagebrush ecosystems of western North America are experiencing widespread loss and degradation by invasive annual grasses. Positive feedbacks between fire and annual grasses are often invoked to explain the rapid pace of these changes, yet annual grasses also appear capable of achieving dominance among vegetation communities that have not burned fo...

European hazelnut ( Corylus avellana L.) is an important tree nut crop. Hazelnut production in North America is currently limited in scalability due to Anisogramma anomala, a fungal pathogen that causes Eastern Filbert Blight (EFB) disease in hazelnut. Successful deployment of EFB resistant cultivars has been limited to the state of Oregon, where t...

Ponto–Caspian gobies are among Europe's most invasive freshwater fish species. These small freshwater and brackish water fish have spread rapidly since the end of the last century, invading the major European river systems, including the Rivers Danube, Rhine, Moselle, Meuse, Vistula, Elbe, Nemunas, Neva, Volga, while also establishing in streams, d...

Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) are playing increasingly important roles, permeating the field of medical devices (MDs). This rapid progress has not yet been matched by the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) process, which still needs to define a common methodology for assessing AI/ML-based MDs. To collect existing evidence fro...

During the Early-Middle Ordovician, the Upper Yangtze Platform experienced extensive development of a distinctive set of mixed siliciclastic-carbonate deposits known as the Meitan Formation. To conduct a comprehensive study of the relationship between mixed sedimentation and sea-level changes, the Hailong section, situated at the southwest margin o...

Introduction Declining hunter populations across North America present wildlife management agencies with the prospect of declining revenues for wildlife conservation and management and the need for new tools to evaluate management strategies and predict future status of game species and hunters. Methods Here we present a modeling framework and pot...

Amphibian populations have been globally declining since at least 1990. In the temperate forests of eastern North America, vernal pools offer important breeding habitats to many amphibians but are usually not considered for forest management because of their small size and temporary status. The effective monitoring and management of amphibians rely...

During pregnancy and early parenthood, parents’ strong interest in pediatric health information presents a valuable opportunity to positively impact long-term health-seeking behavior and overall child health. In line with the increasing prevalence of digital transformation, a scoping review was conducted to explore two key aspects: (1) information...

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic positioned healthcare systems in North America at the epicentre of the crisis, placing inordinate stress on clinicians. Concurrently, discussions about structural racism, social justice and health inequities permeated the field of medicine, and society more broadly. The confluence of these phenomena required rapid...

We analysed sequences from influenza isolates from the initial stages of the 2009 'swine' influenza pandemic using phylogenetic and population genetic methods. The influenza virus gene populations, mostly from pigs in commercial piggeries in Mexico, were found to be different from those obtained from similar farmed pig populations in North America....

Rutting is one of the most common types of distress in flexible pavement structures. There are two fundamental methods of designing pavement structures: conventional empirical methods and analytical approaches. Many analytical and empirical design procedures assume that rutting is mostly of asphalt origin and can be reduced by limiting the vertical...

The objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the impact of a low-ratio linoleic acid/α-linolenic acid (LA/ALA) diet on the glycemic profile of adults. A comprehensive search was performed across four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and PubMed) to evaluate the influence of the low-ratio LA/ALA. Relevant references were screened up u...

Archaeological human skeletons provide direct evidence of the physical features, lifestyle, diseases, mortality, and health of our ancestors. Bioarchaeology explores population-based trends that vary according to subsistence, social stratification, urbanization, and industrial development. The first systematic bioarchaeological studies in Japan wer...

In the late fall of 2018, foliar rust (referred to as ironwood/hophornbeam leaf rust [IHLR]) was discovered in several counties in Florida, United States, on ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana) and hophornbeam(Ostrya virginiana), bothmembers of the Betulaceae. Uredinia were observed on leaves and, in some cases, samaras of both species at numerous loca...

Tibicinoides, with three small endemic California cicada species, has a confusing, intertwined systematic history with Okanagana that we unravel here. An ingroup including all species of Tibicinoides and the majority (84.7%) of Okanagana species were sampled for six gene regions, polarized with Clidophleps, Okanagodes, Subpsaltria, and Tibicina out...

The winged stick insect Metriophasma iphicles (Redtenbacher, 1906) (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae) is recorded for the first time from Mexico (state of Veracruz), making this the northernmost record of both the species and genus. A checklist of species in the family Pseudophasma-tidae from Mexico and the USA is presented, and a key to the species...

Background: Teen dating violence (TDV) is a growing issue among adolescents, leading to several negative behavioral and psychological consequences. Most studies have been carried out in North America, whereas few have been conducted in Europe and Italy. Despite the existence of some studies underlying risk factors for TDV, to the best of our knowle...

To summarize the current knowledge of the clinical impact of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. A systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline recommendations, was performed through searches in PubMed and EMBASE databases, and CF National an...

Wetlands in the United States have declined by more than half since European colonization, and losses continue to climb. Waterfowl are among North America’s most highly regulated huntable group of species. Their migrations across multiple countries, states, and provinces require cooperation among numerous jurisdictions. New challenges posed by clim...

Variability has been one of the hallmarks of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) since its discovery, and several lineages and antigenic variants have emerged. Among these, a group of viruses commonly called Asian CPV-2c has recently been reported with increasing frequency in different regions. Currently, its global epidemiology and evolution are esse...

As a prestigious international accolade in science and technology, the Nobel Prize laureates gain significant attention from researchers. Scholars strive to distill patterns and insights from various aspects of this award. This article specifically examined the institutions generating Nobel Prize-winning work, discussed the distribution and mobilit...

Research in language ideologies emerged as a significant field of inquiry, especially in the early work of linguistic anthropologists. Yet, there are a multiplicity of issues related to language ideologies that need grave attention; for example, to understand the complexities of political, social, and symbolic associations of language(s) and their...

Just over a dozen years ago, Barry Rodrigue heard about a poet and teacher in Afghanistan, named Painda Khan, from his son [Hewad] and his future son-in-law [Atal], who were students in North America. Professor Khan was described as a highly principled and inspirational educator, one who stood for free-thought in Afghanistan’s communities and class...

The US Southwest is in a drought crisis that has been developing over the past two decades, contributing to marked increases in burned forest areas and unprecedented efforts to reduce water consumption. Climate change has contributed to this ongoing decadal drought via warming that has increased evaporative demand and reduced snowpack and streamflo...

The abundance of a widespread brood parasite, the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), has decreased by »30% in North America over the past 5 decades. Within a community, brood parasite abundance may be expected to positively correlate with host brood parasitism frequency and intensity, but evidence for this correlation is mixed. Few studies have...

Objective In clinical work, it has been found that low birth weight will affect the ovarian function of women in adulthood, and may cause premature ovarian insufficiency, but there is no clear conclusion on this issue. We designed this meta-analysis to summarize the current evidence on the relationship between birth weight and premature ovarian ins...