Noise - Science topic

This paper is devoted to proving the small noise asymptotic behaviour, particularly large deviation principle, for multi-scale stochastic dynamical systems with fully local monotone coefficients driven by multiplicative noise. The main techniques rely on the weak convergence approach, the theory of pseudo-monotone operator and the time discretizati...

La inmersión de las personas en reservas silvestres y otras zonas no intervenidas, en las que predomina la percepción de sonidos naturales por sobre el ruido antrópico, puede generar bienestar y efectos restauradores en la salud física y psíquica. Estos beneficios, propios de la experiencia en la naturaleza, bajo ciertas circunstancias pueden ser r...

State-of-charge (SOC) estimation is particularly important as it provides information about the remaining energy capacity of the battery, allowing for better planning and utilization. Accurate SOC estimation is challenging because it cannot be directly measured from the battery. Instead, it is estimated by analyzing measurable variables such as cur...

Noise prewhitening converts nonwhite noise in noisy speech into white noise, a preprocessing step to improve the performance of subsequent processing tasks. This is done by estimating and flattening the power spectral density (PSD) of noise. However, accurate estimation of PSD can be challenging, especially when dealing with nonstationary noise. We...

Considering the conventional Kalman filter has insufficient accuracy in state estimation under non-smooth thick-taileded noise, a novel inverse-Wishart-Student’s t Mixed Distribution (IWSTM) is proposed to adaptively learn the state vectors and associated auxiliary parameters using variational Bayesian(VB) approach. Then, a novel Variational Bayesi...

acoustic space for bird vocalization. Passive acoustic monitoring in various urban forests was used to monitor natural and anthropogenic noises, and sounds were classified into three acoustic scenes (bird sounds, human sounds, and bird-human sounds) to determine interconnections between bird sounds, anthropogenic noise, and vegetation structure. An...

This paper presents the Phase-Visibility Modulating Interferometry (PVMI) method automated by a microcontroller and three servomotors, under inhomogeneous out-of-phase amplitude modulation (OPAM) in the On-Off Modulation (OOM) mode. PVMI is implemented in a triple-aperture common-path interferometer (TACPI), based on a 4 optical imaging system. The...

We show that for a wide range of channels and code ensembles with pairwise-independent codewords, with probability tending to 1 with the code length, expurgating an arbitrarily small fraction of codewords from a randomly selected code results in a code attaining the expurgated exponent.

Quadrature phase differential interferometry is a technique of choice for measuring arbitrary large displacements with record resolution. The so-called Heydemann corrections are generally employed to take account of the unavoidable imperfections due to the optics or the electronics, and a linearisation of the signals is usually performed when the d...

Uncertainties in factors, such as temperature, humidity, and external loads can significantly impact the performance of vibro-impact systems. Effectively managing these uncertainties is essential to ensure the reliability, safety, and performance of engineering systems in real-world operating conditions. This study presents an efficient and straigh...

The aim of the text is to interpret Witold Wirpsza’s experimental novel Wagary, with particular emphasis on science inspirations that have been overlooked in previous analyses. Reading selected fragments of the novel in the context of the author’s self-referential statements regarding concepts such as noise, information and word energy, makes it po...

Although the total variational model can significantly suppress noise and make blurred images sharper, it will unavoidably produce blocky artifacts. In this paper, a new hybrid model based on overlapping group sparsity (OGS) was proposed to effectively prevent the above problems, which combines the advantages of the fractional-order total variation...

Perilaku investor di pasar modal sering kali tidak hanya didorong oleh analisis ekonomi dan finansial yang rasional, tetapi juga oleh faktor psikologis yang dapat mengarahkan mereka pada keputusan yang kurang objektif. Salah satu faktor psikologis yang sering muncul adalah bias heuristik, yaitu kecenderungan untuk mengambil keputusan berdasarkan at...

O dossiê ESCUTAS: Processos, Proposições e Modulações do Sonoro reúne investigações, reflexões e propostas acerca de práticas, procedimentos e projetos co-implicados em diferentes contextos e situações entre escutas, saberes e a arte sonora. Propõe articular inflexões heterogêneas que atravessam e catalisam projetos artísticos em seus enredamentos...

This paper presents a three-stage E-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) fabricated in a 28-nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor High-Performance Compact Plus process. The proposed E-band LNA achieves a peak gain of 16.8 dB, exhibiting a gain variation of less than ±0.5 dB across the frequency range of 67.8–90.4 GHz. The measured 3-dB gain bandwidt...

Este ensayo analiza las tensiones entre el despojo y la representación en torno a las sillas manteñas, reflexionando sobre su resignificación a través del arte y las prácticas comunitarias. A través de la exploración de casos específicos en museos internacionales y nacionales, se destaca cómo estos objetos arqueológicos emergen como símbolos de res...

In this paper, we continue the study of some controllability issues for the forward stochastic heat equation with dynamic boundary conditions. The main novelty in the present paper consists of considering only one control without extra forces in the noise parts. Under a strong measurability condition, and using a spectral inequality, we first estab...

A-weighted networks underestimate the impact of low-frequency noise to some extent. Substation noise is a typical low-frequency noise with several tonalities, so it is necessary to further optimize the control indices and emission limits of substation noise. 280 subjects were randomly recruited, and 111 noise samples from 110-1000 kV substations we...

Noise is a ubiquitous feature for all organisms growing in nature. Noise (defined here as stochastic variation) in the availability of nutrients, water and light profoundly impacts their growth and development. Not only is noise present as an external factor but cellular processes themselves are noisy. Therefore, it is remarkable that organisms can...

The pinball loss is favored in support vector machines for its robustness against noise. However, its unbounded nature makes it sensitive to outliers. To address this, a rescaled pinball loss offering boundedness has been introduced. Despite this improvement, the model’s performance may be limited due to restricted parameter adjustments, and its no...

Fuzzy clustering is an unsupervised technique in which an object belongs to more than one cluster. In this paper, we have implemented and compared eight fuzzy clustering algorithms, FCM, IFCM, KFCM, and KIFCM with the Euclidean distance metric and same algorithms with the weighted mean distance metric, i.e., FCM-ϭ, IFCM-ϭ, KFCM-ϭ, and KIFCM-ϭ. None...

The legacy Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellite clock offsets obtained by the dual-frequency undifferenced (UD) ionospheric-free (IF) model absorb the code and phase time-variant hardware delays, which leads to the inconsistency of the precise satellite clock estimated by different frequencies. The dissimilarity of the satellite cloc...

Defendants should be judged on the merits of the case, not on prejudice, rumors, or evidence obtained through questionable methods. This is why criminal law of procedure regulates which information can be introduced in a trial. Two types of prohibited evidence are the criminal history of the defendant (the defendant shall not be considered more lik...

The relation between neural activity and behaviorally relevant variables is at the heart of neuroscience research. When strong, this relation is termed a neural representation. There is increasing evidence, however, for partial dissociations between activity in an area and relevant external variables. While many explanations have been proposed, a t...

We develop analysis results for optimization algorithms that are open, that is, with inputs and outputs. Such algorithms arise for instance, when analyzing the effect of noise or disturbance on an algorithm, or when an algorithm is part of control loop without timescale separation. To be precise, we consider an incremental small gain problem to ana...

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) leverages nonlocal correlations to securely establish cryptographic keys between two honest parties while making minimal assumptions about the underlying systems. The security of DI-QKD relies on the validation of quantum theory, with Bell violations ensuring the inherent unpredictability of the...

Many physical, chemical and biological systems have an inherent discrete spatial structure that strongly influences their dynamical behaviour. Similar remarks apply to internal or external noise. In this paper we study the combined effect of spatial discretization and stochastic perturbations on travelling waves in the Nagumo equation, which is a p...

This paper jointly addresses three key limitations in conventional pedestrian trajectory forecasting: pedestrian perception errors, real-world data collection costs, and person ID annotation costs. We propose a novel framework, RealTraj, that enhances the real-world applicability of trajectory forecasting. Our approach includes two training phases-...

In this paper, an SIR rumor propagation model is established with the three recovery modes that the spreader turns into a stifler under the influence of the spreader, stifler and media nonlinear rumor-refuting mechanism. Firstly, we calculate the basic regeneration number, and we determine the stability of the rumor-free equilibrium and the existen...

Metal hydride hydrogen compressors have attracted great attention due to their reliable safety, environmental friendliness, and the absence of vibration and noise. Herein, the effects of Ti substitution for Zr on the crystal structure and hydrogen compressive performance of Ti0.92+xZr0.1−xCr1.0Mn0.6Fe0.4 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03) are investigat...

Signal detection in colored noise with an unknown covariance matrix has numerous applications across various scientific and engineering disciplines. The analysis focuses on the square of the condition number \(\kappa^2(\cdot)\), defined as the ratio of the largest to smallest eigenvalue \((\lambda_{\text{max}}/\lambda_{\text{min}})\) of the whitene...

To solve the problem of poor object detection effect caused by uneven light and high noise in underground mines, this study proposes a TTFNet (training-time-friendly network)-based object detection algorithm for underground mines. First, CenterNet and TTFNet algorithms are introduced, then pooling is introduced into CSPNet basic structure to design...

Noisy labels pose a substantial challenge in machine learning, often resulting in overfitting and poor generalization. Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM), as demonstrated in Foret et al. (2021), improves generalization over traditional Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) in classification tasks with noisy labels by implicitly slowing noisy learning....

We present Noise Adaptor, a novel method for constructing competitive low-latency spiking neural networks (SNNs) by converting noise-injected, low-bit artificial neural networks (ANNs). This approach builds on existing ANN-to-SNN conversion techniques but offers several key improvements: (1) By injecting noise during quantized ANN training, Noise A...

Botnets are a serious threat to computer networks. New botnets are created with the aim of evading detection by making modifications. The proposed methods are insufficient for detecting modified botnets. A Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) trained with generated and real data was used to improve detection performance against altered botnets. GAN...

Neste artigo realizamos uma revisão da literatura acerca de como os conceitos de Perfil Conceitual, proposto por Eduardo Mortimer, e Perfil Epistemológico, desenvolvido por Gaston Bachelard, estão sendo utilizados pela comunidade do Ensino de Ciências. Em sua gênese, o Perfil Epistemológico caracterizou as zonas filosóficas do conhecimento científi...

This study aims to determine relationship between water-equivalent diameter (Dw) and low-contract detectability (LCD) for various reconstruction filters. The water phantoms were Hitachi phantoms with diameters of 16, 22.5, 30, and 38 cm. The phantoms were scanned with a 64-slice Hitachi CT Scanner and reconstructed with various reconstruction filte...

This paper introduces a novel TRNG architecture that employs a wave converter to generate random outputs from the jitter noise in a customized ring oscillator (RO). Using a current-starved inverter, the proposed RO offers the option of operating three different oscillation frequencies from a single oscillator. To assess its performance, the core TR...

In this study, we present a stochastic rumor model. The stability of the disease-free equilibrium state and instability of the free equilibrium {E}_{0} of stochastic epidemics model are considered with the help of Lyapunov functions. Sufficient conditions of persistence and extinction of rumor are given. Numerical simulations verify the analytical...

The successive projection algorithm (SPA) is a workhorse algorithm to learn the $r$ vertices of the convex hull of a set of $(r-1)$-dimensional data points, a.k.a. a latent simplex, which has numerous applications in data science. In this paper, we revisit the robustness to noise of SPA and several of its variants. In particular, when $r \geq 3$, w...

Railway tunnel ventilation systems present particular problems for predictions of sound emissions, including the relatively high volumetric flow rates, and a lack of well-established models and empirical data. An investigation was undertaken to support the acoustical design of tunnel ventilation systems on the UK High Speed Two (HS2) project, in vi...

Pharmacokinetics studies the time course of drug concentrations in body compartments. To model dynamic noises in biological systems, several uncertain pharmacokinetic models based on uncertain differential equations were proposed. Since these models all view the body as one compartment, they are not suitable to describe drug kinetics with two compa...

Identifying goal-relevant features in novel environments is a central challenge for efficient behaviour. We asked whether humans address this challenge by relying on prior knowledge about common properties of reward-predicting features. One such property is the rate of change of features, given that behaviourally relevant processes tend to change o...

Anticipating a tipping point, a transition from one stable steady state to another, is a problem of broad relevance due to the ubiquity of the phenomenon in diverse fields. The steady-state nature of the dynamics about a tipping point makes its prediction significantly more challenging than predicting other types of critical transitions from oscill...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a very versatile diagnostic tool for non-invasive analysis of human organ functions, without use of ionizing radiations. Loud operating sound is the major challenge associated with the MRI technology, reaching up to 130 dB. This paper analyses and compares the spectral properties of acoustic noise produced in the...

The growing demand for customized visual content has led to the rise of personalized text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models. Despite their remarkable potential, they pose significant privacy risk when misused for malicious purposes. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient adversarial attack method, Concept Protection by Selective Attention Ma...

We study global-in-time dynamics of the stochastic nonlinear beam equations (SNLB) with an additive space-time white noise, posed on the four-dimensional torus. The roughness of the noise leads us to introducing a time-dependent renormalization, after which we show that SNLB is pathwise locally well-posed in all subcritical and most of the critical...

The problem of calibrating phased array antennas in a noisy environment using an autocorrelation algorithm is investigated and a mathematical model of the autocorrelation calibration method is presented. The proposed calibration system is based on far-field scanning of the phased array antenna in an environment with internal noise and external inte...

Neste artigo realizamos uma revisão da literatura acerca de como os conceitos de Perfil Conceitual, proposto por Eduardo Mortimer, e Perfil Epistemológico, desenvolvido por Gaston Bachelard, estão sendo utilizados pela comunidade do Ensino de Ciências. Em sua gênese, o Perfil Epistemológico caracterizou as zonas filosóficas do conhecimento científi...

Here, we present a novel method for the separation of overlapping emission spectral lines corresponding to nonlinear processes, which differ by effective nonlinearity with respect to the pump field power. The method exploits the factorization of wavelength and pumping power dependencies of the components processes contributions to the total lumines...

In this work, we obtain non-Gaussian (NG) stochastic solutions to χ-Wick-type stochastic (χ-Wk-TS) Burgers’ equations with variable coefficients. An Exp-function method, the connection between white noise theory and hypercomplex systems (HCSs), the χ-Wick product (χ-Wk-product) and an χ-Hermite transform (χ-Hr-transform) are proposed. We provide a...

There exist quantum states for which the specific measure of quantum coherence remain unaffected by noise. In case of single qubit, subjected to Markovian bit-flip and bit+phase-flip noise, the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs}...

Let $X:=\{X(t)\}_{t\ge0}$ be a generalized fractional Brownian motion: $$ \{X(t)\}_{t\ge0}\overset{d}{=}\left\{ \int_{\mathbb R} \left((t-u)_+^{\alpha}-(-u)_+^{\alpha} \right) |u|^{-\gamma/2} B(du) \right\}_{t\ge0}, $$ with parameters $\gamma \in (0, 1)$ and $\alpha\in \left(-1/2+ \gamma/2, \, 1/2+ \gamma/2 \right)$. This is a self-similar Gaussian...

The paper presents a design methodology of state feedback H-infinity control laws for discrete-time systems with time-varying periodic coefficients subject to multiplicative white noises. The proposed procedure is illustrate by an application for the design of the detumbling system of a cubesat.

El trabajo de investigación titulado “Influencia de la comunicación digital en la cultura organizacional de la preparatoria número 33 Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero”, tuvo como objetivo principal, evaluar las vías internas de comunicación en la Preparatoria Número 33, para la construcción de alternativas digitales, que influyeran de manera signif...

Background Experimental research has shown the benefits of auditory white noise on cognitive performance in children with attention problems. However, little is currently known about individual differences in noise response amongst children with a clinical diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In addition, no research has so...

We address the local well-posedness for the stochastic Navier–Stokes system with multiplicative cylindrical noise in the whole space. More specifically, we prove that there exists a unique local strong solution to the system in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepac...

We introduce a new metric to assess the quality of generated images that is more reliable, data-efficient, compute-efficient, and adaptable to new domains than the previous metrics, such as Fr\'echet Inception Distance (FID). The proposed metric is based on normalizing flows, which allows for the computation of density (exact log-likelihood) of ima...

Dynamics on networks is often only partially observable in experiment, with many nodes being inaccessible or indeed the existence and properties of a larger unobserved network being unknown. This limits our ability to reconstruct the topology of the network and the strength of the interactions among even the observed nodes. Here, we show how machin...

The reliable generation of dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs) enables applications in communications, metrology, optical clocks, and, more recently, artificial intelligence. We show how single DKS can be generated by Si3N4 dual-coupled microring resonators (DCMs). We modeled this coupled structure using the Lugiato–Lefever equation (LLE), including m...

Globally, Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments have revealed evidence supporting an existing gravitational wave background (GWB) signal in the PTA data set. Apart from acquiring more observations, the sensitivity of PTA experiments can be increased by improving the accuracy of the noise modeling. In PTA data analysis, noise modeling is conducted p...

We construct families of Floquet codes derived from color-code tilings of closed hyperbolic surfaces. These codes have weight-two check operators, a finite encoding rate and can be decoded efficiently with minimum-weight perfect matching. We also construct semi-hyperbolic Floquet codes, which have improved distance scaling, and are obtained via a f...

Conventional balancing methods for high-speed flexible rotors typically necessitate costly and potentially hazardous balancing tests conducted near their critical speeds. This paper first demonstrates the feasibility of achieving multi-mode balancing using measurements taken below the first critical speed, based on traditional modal balancing metho...

This paper explores time-delay and Doppler estimation in the presence of unknown heavy-tailed disturbance. Conventional methods for achieving optimal mean squared error performance rely on the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), which is consistent and asymptotically efficient under the unreal-istic assumption of a perfect a-priori knowledge of the...

We propose a signal- and sensitivity-enhanced spin-exchange-relaxation-free atomic magnetometer utilizing a multi-pass cell with a highly spatially homogeneous optical pumping scheme. The relationship between the magnetometer’s performance and the number of probe beam passes is measured. The optical rotation angle exhibits a linear correlation with...

In predictive process monitoring, predictive models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, where input perturbations can lead to incorrect predictions. Unlike in computer vision, where these perturbations are designed to be imperceptible to the human eye, the generation of adversarial examples in predictive process monitoring poses unique challenge...

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be the first space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatory. It will measure gravitational wave signals in the frequency regime from 0.1 mHz to 1 Hz. The success of these measurements will depend on the suppression of the various instrument noises. One important noise source in LISA will be tilt-t...

Routability optimization in modern EDA tools has benefited greatly from using machine learning (ML) models. Constructing and optimizing the performance of ML models continues to be a challenge. Neural Architecture Search (NAS) serves as a tool to aid in the construction and improvement of these models. Traditional NAS techniques struggle to perform...