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Next Generation Sequencing - Science method

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Dear Respected Experts,
I hope this message finds you well. I am writing to seek your kind guidance regarding an issue I am encountering. I would be extremely grateful for your assistance.
My research focuses on the Orthoptera species Schistocerca gregaria, which I collected from three locations: Kunming, Xi'an, and Yan'an. I am currently estimating the population distances using FST. In my VCF file, the samples are labeled as S_gregaria_Kunming, S_gregaria_Xi'an, and S_gregaria_Yan'an. I merged the data using the bcftools command.
Following the general guidelines provided at the Population Genomics Workshop 5, I used the vcftools command for FST calculation as shown below:
vcftools --vcf all_samples.vcf --weir-fst-pop Population_1_ethiopia_names --weir-fst-pop Population_2_ethiopia_names --out pop1_vs_2_FST
For my specific dataset, I adapted the command as follows:                                                                                                                                                                                                            vcftools --vcf all_samples.vcf --weir-fst-pop group_kunming.txt --weir-fst-pop group_xian.txt --weir-fst-pop group_yanan.txt --out pop1_vs_2_vs_3_FST
Here, the text files (group_kunming.txt, group_xian.txt, and group_yanan.txt) list the corresponding sample names as they appear in the VCF file. Despite following these steps, I am encountering -nan values in the output, which has left me confused.
Could you kindly provide guidance or suggest potential solutions to resolve this issue? Your help would mean a great deal to me.
Thank you in advance for your time and support.
Best regards,
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Encountering nan indicates that the calculation cannot proceed due to insufficient or problematic data. Running standard qc checks may help in the identification of the cause an in resolution of the issue.
Here are common reasons and their solutions:
1) Lack of Variation at Loci
Filter loci with no variation
vcftools --vcf input.vcf --non-ref-af 0.01 --recode --out filtered
2) Missing Genotype Data
Impute missing genotypes or filter out SNPs/individuals with high missingness.
vcftools --vcf input.vcf --max-missing 0.9 --recode --out filtered
3) Monomorphic Loci in Specific Populations
Use a filtering step to remove loci that are monomorphic in any population
vcftools --vcf input.vcf --freq --out freq_check
Small sample sizes, imbalanced population sizes and incorrect population assignments can result in calculations failing.
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Almost every Tagmentation library prep protocol has a reaction buffer which contains a high concentration of DMF but I can't find a reason why it's included in the reaction buffer for the Tn5 transposase. The closest I've found is a protocol which claims it's a crowding agent but that claim is unsourced, and I think might be due to a misunderstanding of a statement in DOI: 10.1101/gr.177881.114 where the authors had to replace DMF with a crowding agent in situations where the starting DNA concentration was very low. (Also, DMF has a much lower molecular weight than common crowding agents like PEG.)
Anyone know why it's there? The only thing I've seen DMF used for in biology is as a solvent for reagents with poor water solubility like X-gal. It's really unusual to see it in an enzymatic buffer, especially at concentrations exceeding 10%.
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I stumbled on your question by researching alternatives to DMF during tagmentation. I may have a partial answer to your question.
In a Steve Henikoff's paper the team states in their protocol that "10% 1,6-hexanediol or N,N-dimethylformamide compete for hydrophobic interactions and result in improved tethered Tn5 accessibility and library yield at the expense of slightly increased background".
Therefore improving Tn5 accessibility through hydrophopbic interactions is the main reason they state for its use in CUT&TAG. Now, why specifically DMF and not, say, any other similar polar aprotic solvent is not clear. That is indeed a good question to look into! Good luck!
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We detected a mutation with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of 5.8% using NGS. However, the fractional abundance measured by ddPCR was significantly lower at 0.468575073 which represents a noticeable discrepancy between the two methods.
From the literature, I understand that a high concordance is generally expected between NGS and ddPCR for variant detection. Could anyone share insights or suggestions on what might be causing this discrepancy or how to approach resolving it?
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Thank you for your response. No! However, the DNA was extracted from a single FFPE tumor material. Katie A S Burnette
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I have cfDNA samples extracted from different kits, the tapestation has showed some contamination with gDNA, what is the best method to purify the samples from the gDNA, as I want to do NGS running and the gDNA will affect the downstream process. Does any body have a protocol to do so?
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Hello Marah Amer,
Yes, contamination of gDNA would introduce serious background noise and lead to inaccurate result.
If you want to avoid gDNA contamination in cfDNA samples, the ideal way would be to perform centrifugation of blood and cfDNA
extraction as soon as the blood sample is collected, which would prevent the release of gDNA to a greatest extent. Special care should be taken to avoid transfer of any other blood components (buffy coat or red blood cells), when separating the plasma fraction.
You may also make use of blood collection tubes specialized for cfDNA preservation which are commercially available with stabilizers to minimize the cellular gDNA release, inhibit cfDNA degradation from nuclease and maintain the overall stability of cfDNA. With proper operation in certain condition, these tubes could achieve the preservation of cfDNA for about 7 days.
There is also another way to protect the cfDNA from gDNA contamination. You may prevent the rupture of cells with cross-linking agents such as formaldehyde. I would not recommend this method because formaldehyde can lead to cross-linking between cfDNA and proteins, which brings in other contamination thus lowering the quality of extracted cfDNA and more severely, destroying it.
Generally, cfDNA circulates in fragments ranging between 120–220 bp, with a short half-life (5-150 min), and should be extracted as soon as possible.
Since cfDNA is shorter than gDNA, one can selectively extract DNA below a size threshold to remove gDNA contamination. The use of nano-magnetic particles can provide higher surface area and enhanced kinetics, and are suitable for application in such case since cfDNA is significantly shorter and lower in concentration than gDNA.
You may follow the workflow provided below in four steps.
1. Mix nano-magnetic particles with your sample.
2. When mixed with the sample, the nano-magnetic particles will bind to the targeted cfDNA in the sample.
3. You may use a magnetic force to pull and aggregate the bound material. You may remove the unbound materials by aspiration. What remains is the nanoparticle-bound target namely, cfDNA.
4. Finally, you may release the bound target material (cfDNA) from the nanoparticles.
Based on these four steps, you may design your protocol and get your cfDNA sample free of gDNA contamination.
You may want to refer to the article attached below. It may be helpful!
Best.
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I notice a difference between the applications of Qiagen DNA isolation kits: QIAamp DNA kits, DNeasy Blood & Tissue kits, and Gentra Puregene kits. This makes me wonder: Is there a suitable method for DNA isolation for NGS and SNP analysis? Also, some recommend the phenol-chloroform method and others don't, so what is the truth?
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In practice, the choice between these methods depends on multiple factors including the sample type, the scale of the operation, and the specific requirements of the SNP genotyping or sequencing platforms. For routine applications where safety, convenience, and efficiency are priorities, Qiagen’s kits are highly recommended. However, for projects demanding the utmost DNA purity or when handling complex samples, the phenol-chloroform extraction remains invaluable. To determine the most effective approach for your specific conditions, conducting small-scale trials with both methodologies may provide insightful comparisons, guiding you towards the optimal choice for achieving reliable and reproducible results.
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Dear colleagues
I have a GeneRead QIACube station which is specified for no longer supported Qiagen NGS GeneReader workflow (emulsion technology). It looks pretty much the same as casual QIACube, but has other worktable and screen. I just can't put a standard reagent tray into the device.
Is it possible to convert GeneRead QIACube (NGS sample preparation) into a QIACube for NA isolation?
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Hi …
Here are some considerations:
Potential Options
_Contact Qiagen:The best approach would be to contact Qiagen directly. They can provide specific guidance on whether any modifications can be made or if there are any recommended workflows for your device.
_Modification: If you're technically inclined, you might explore whether you can modify the reagent tray or worktable to fit standard trays. However, this could void warranties or cause operational issues.
_Alternative Solutions: If conversion is not feasible, consider using the GeneRead QIACube for its intended purpose or investing in a standard QIACube designed specifically for nucleic acid isolation.
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Hello Scientists, i am trying to understand the differences between concordant and non-concordant reads in NGS Alignment, can someone explain each one please?
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I am currently working on a research paper focused on gene classification using data obtained from Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). I am particularly interested in understanding which machine learning algorithms are most effective for this purpose and how to preprocess NGS data for optimal results. Additionally, any advice on feature selection and model validation specific to genomics would be highly appreciated. If you have experience in this area or can point me to relevant studies, I'd be grateful for your insights.
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What are you trying to classify?
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Hi everyone,
I'm trying to perform ATAC-seq without using any commercial kit, but it's been challenging to find a protocol that aligns with this approach. I’d like to ask if anyone has experience with this.
Here’s the workflow I followed:
1. Transposon Annealing:
ME A: 5'-(index sequence)AGATGTGTATAAGAGACAG-3' ME B: 5'-(other index sequence)AGATGTGTATAAGAGACAG-3' ME rev: 5'-pCTGTCTCTTATACACATCT-3' By following the standard primer annealing protocol, I obtained two transposon oligos (ME A-rev, ME B-rev).
2. Nuclei Extraction: I followed the Kaestner Lab Omni ATAC protocol (file attached) and confirmed the extraction by performing MNase digestion. This step seems to be working fine.
3. Transposition:
I've attached the protocol for the Tn5 transposase I used. Following this protocol and the Omni ATAC protocol, I set up the transposition reaction with the following conditions:1 µl 10X Tn5 Transposase Buffer (final conc. 1X) 1 µl Annealed Transposon A (final conc. 1 µM) 1 µl Annealed Transposon B (final conc. 1 µM) 0.1 µl 10% Tween-20 0.1 µl 1% Digitonin 1 µl Tn5 transposase Add D.W. to 10 µl I added this reaction mix to the extracted nuclei and incubated at 37°C for 2 hours.
4. DNA Purification: I purified the DNA using the QIAquick PCR purification kit.
After these steps, I performed PCR for amplification and confirmed the product with gel electrophoresis, looking for bands at 300, 450, and 600 bp (corresponding to mono-, di-, and trinucleosomes, with ~150 bp added for index and adapter sequences).
This method worked once, but I haven't been able to replicate the results since then. Instead of the expected bands, I could only observe smears or odd bands after PCR (figures attached). I would really appreciate any advice or insights you might have.
Sincerely, Hyelin
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Tm
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I'm cloning a fragment of 3200 nts into plasmid. The cloning was successful, however, 02 amino acids were mutated. Now I want to fix these 02 aa by site-directed mutagenesis technique using original DNA plasmid as template for PCR. The PCR product contains 02 kinds of DNA which are in the same length (original template and newly synthesized product). PCR product will be treated by DpnI to digest all the original DNA. The remain PCR product (my target DNA, linearized structure) will be purified and performed in-fusion to circularized into plasmid, then transformed to E. coli for propagation. Plasmid will be extracted from the E. coli and confirmed by NGS. I repeat some experiments, unfortunately, it seems original DNA was still partly remain after DpnI or the site-directed mutagenesis reaction was not successful (I think) making new plasmid still identical to the original template.
Now I want to check whether my target amino acid is fixed or not before sending sample to NGS optimizing cost benefit.
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I concur that you only need to do regular sequencing not NGS and this should much much less expensive. However if your clone picked up two mutations during the cloning, why not just look for another clone? That might be easier than doing two rounds of Site directed mutagenesis.
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while conducting a research with a small sample size (5-6) with a large exome size (21-25), should you go for Sanger sequencing or NGS? Keeping cost, labour and practicality in context.
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One limitation of Sanger is that it is hard to detect low-frequency changes. You can see SNPs, small InDels, etc if they are heterozygous or homozygous and use samples from individual organisms/bacterial colonies/etc.
If you use NGS, you would need to follow up and verify any potential changes with Sanger. So, you would not be missing out on any skills.
Talk with your advisor about the specific goals of the project. Also, unless this is just a "pilot study", I very much doubt that your total sample size will be 5-6, especially looking for novel mutations. Are you starting with cancerous tumors or something that is KNOWN to have a high mutation load?
Based on the gene & a quick Google search, you are studying Wilson's disease. You'll need to talk with your advisor - it's very difficult to show that a "novel variant" is associated with a specific disease. You should also consider sequencing the entire ATP7B gene (promotor, exons, introns, UTRs, etc). Not all disease-associated variations are in the coding region.
PS The term for all of the coding regions in a single gene is "exon". The "exome" is all of the protein-coding sequences in the entire genome.
Good luck!
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Hello researchers,
Sorry for my stupid question. I am learning the QIIME2 workflow for analyzing some 16s amplicon NGS fastq data. I found a very nice paper with data and code public available ( ) so I decided to reproduce their qiime2 results.
In their steps, they cut off the barcode and primer sequences from the raw fastq sequences (Yes, there are really barcode & primer sequences at the front of sequences). However, I did not find any primer sequences in my own NGS fastq files. Does this mean that the sequencing company have removed barcodes, adapters and primer sequences for me?
Also, should I perform quality-control before importing my fastq raw data to QIIME2?
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Sometimes FastQC failed to check the barcode and primer sequences. In this paper( ), I found barcode and primers sequences in the 5' of the sequences by manually checking. But the FastQC told me there's no adapter sequences. You can download the 16s amplicon raw data in NCBI database under BioProject PRJNA788265.@Péter Gyarmati
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I have DNA samples (extracted by using Qiagen kiit), the 260/280 ratio is consistence 2.1.. for most of the samples. Can I proceed for the whole genome sequencing with these values?
NGS.
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I used a relatively high starting material concentration and lowered elution volume (100 microliter of AE buffer).
I will reach out to the service provider for their suggestions.
Thank you for your responses.
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I have been preparing NGS Library, where the samples input volumes, conditions followed and the PCR Cycles are same but still the concentration obtained was uneven and the fragments size where also differ from sample to sample. What could be the possible reason for this uneven results.
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Vilte Cereskaite We do not specifically measure mRNA concentration; instead, we quantify total RNA using Qubit 4 and also assess RIN to ensure the quality of RNA.
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Hi,
I am very new to Bioinformatics. Recently, I have the project that aims to perform taxonomic anlysis on raw reads from mixed samples taken from environment.
For example, we perfromed NGS (whole genome) on a insect and we want to identify the taxonomic of every symbiotic bacteria in the raw reads.
Currently, I can use Kraken2 to perform the analysis. However, I have following few questions.
1. How can I focus only on the bacteria and remove the rest of data and make a summary table or visualization (the percentage of each bacteria strain).
2. Because in the future, we will switch to the mixed environmental samples and focused on 16s rRNA, I would like to know how to perform the taxonomic analysis by identifying 16s rRNA first from the raw reads and make analysis that focuses only on 16s rRNA. Because mixed environmental samples will contain not only bacteria but also other eukaryotic DNA reads, I want to identify them and analyze them later to reduce the process time.
Followed by that, what process and tools shoud I use?
I found the tutorial: " 16S Microbial Analysis with mothur (with galaxy)" however, I tried with the current data of NGS data on insects, it took so much time on making contigs of non bacterial reads. I am wandering if there is any methods that can get rid of reads that is non bacterial in the first hand.
Additionally, I found other tools such as RNAmmer, barrnap, prokka. However, these tools seems to be only accepting bacterial whole genome but not mixed reads.
If you can share some experience and good workflow or tools to try, I will very appreiate that.
Thank you very much for your great help.
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Hi Dear Sonja,
I prepared the answer as a pdf, I hope it will be useful.
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Why WES and RNAseg analyses of the primary lung cancer tissue give different percentage of VAF for the same gene?
Nan-Haw
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Hi Nan-Haw
2 different kinds of samples from the same individual....
since from DNA (template for WES) will give you the results from 2 strands (at the exception of clonality), RNA-seq (if you don't use UMI in the analysis) will give you a biased version of the transcriptome (every genes are not expressed at same amount).
the biases are differences of transcription between genes and PCR amplification in the RNAseq library preparation. of course quality of the samples will also give you more variability.
all the best
fred
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Hello,
Since a large part of my budget will go on NGS and I don't have the money to repeat it, I want to make sure that it will work.
The PCR products look good on the gel (nice bands of the expected length), but I was also wondering whether it's feasible to send a few samples for Sanger Sequencing to verify the product, before I spend all my money of an Illumina run.
Thanks :)
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Verifying PCR results with Sanger sequencing prior to Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a common practice in many research and clinical laboratories. Here's why:
  1. Accuracy Check: Sanger sequencing provides a highly accurate and reliable method for verifying the sequence of a PCR product. It can confirm the presence of specific target sequences, identify mutations, and detect any errors or artifacts introduced during PCR amplification.
  2. Confirmation of Amplicon Identity: Sanger sequencing can confirm that the PCR product corresponds to the expected target sequence. It ensures that the correct region of interest has been amplified before proceeding with downstream NGS analysis.
  3. Quality Control: Sanger sequencing serves as a quality control step to validate the integrity of the PCR product and the accuracy of the amplification process. It helps identify any potential issues such as contamination, primer dimers, or non-specific amplification that may affect the reliability of NGS results.
  4. Cost-Efficiency: Sanger sequencing is generally more cost-effective than NGS for verifying individual PCR products or confirming a small number of samples. It provides a quick and reliable way to validate PCR results before investing resources in NGS library preparation and sequencing.
  5. Complementary Approach: Combining Sanger sequencing with NGS allows researchers to leverage the strengths of both technologies. Sanger sequencing provides high accuracy for verifying individual amplicons, while NGS offers high-throughput sequencing of multiple samples simultaneously..
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Dear Team Fungi,
We would like to identify root fungi from Vitis vinefera via metabarcoding. The methodology is established, we have had good results with other root samples using the isolation kit 'innuPREP DNA/RNA MiniKit' and the standard primers gITS7ngs/ITS4ngs with 49 °C annealing temperature. Unfortunately, we do not get any bands from Vitis roots, no matter what we try (e.g, adding BSA or a temperature gradient). Does anyone have any ideas on how to modify the DNA isolation or PCR to eliminate the potential interfering substance in Vitis roots? There must be something in there that interferes with the PCR...
With desperate regards
Kai
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Have you quantified your DNA yields/checked for DNA quality?
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Greetings of the day,
Dear Friends,
I hope you are doing well. Kindly discuss the general pipeline/methodology/steps to do Next-generation sequencing (NGS). Can Anyone tell me where i can learn the steps?
Please share your expertise regarding NGS.
I thank you in anticipation.
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Thank you so much sir. Lets stay connected.
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I'm working on library prep for ITS NGS using Earth Microbiome Protocol and am getting double banding and smearing on my gels. What might be the cause for this? I should be seeing a band around 230 bp.
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Your products smeared and degraded.
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Actually I want to perform RNA seq analysis via NGS platform to identify the genomic variability and diversity in specific viral strains
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Hello,
You can try out Galaxy
Regards
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Dear All,
In my lab, we have performed whole-exome sequencing of 10 patients to see if we found any germline variations associated with prostate cancer.
I am new to projects that use sequencing and am a little lost on how to analyze these results.
Can anyone suggest to me an app, approach, or pipeline to analyze these results?
I have my data in fastq files and understand a little bit of R.
Thanks a lot
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You should also follow the GATK best practices, there are plenty of tutorial that will walk you through this WES analysis and germ line associated mutations.
Best Practices Workflows – GATK (broadinstitute.org)
WES analysis is fairly straightforward that includes trimming the unwanted bases in sequencing results, align them against the reference genome, check for alignment score/errors, check for alignment orientation, look into mutations and annotate them. Every step is documented, and in case you run into problems, BioStars is your friend.
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Can someone recommend and method/way to calculate a proper number of cells for NGS? E.g. let's say we know that in the experiment we have 1 out of 2000 with a variant, and it is not present in the control. How many cells need to be taken for single cell NGS to detect the variant with 95% CI?
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I am now facing the same issue and looking for the best answer.
I will come back here to post what I may find out.
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Hello!
I have performed a phiX validation run with Illumina standard phiX kit and V3 chemistry. I diluted the phiX library to 10 pM and expected to get a cluster density of around 1000, but it resulted in a very low amount of cluster density (~130). Also as you can see in SAV plots, phred scores have decreased after cycle 100 in read 1 and cycle 40 in read 2, which resulted in a low >Q30 percentage at the end of the run. What do you think has caused this issue and how I can fix it? Can this be because of the low cluster density? can this be because of bad reagent storage conditions or handling? I have performed a system check and it was successful. what are your suggestions?
I have attached plots of SAV analysis and thumbnail images in different cycles of the run. the photo with better quality is for cycle #17 and the photo with lower quality is for cycle #436, both for A nucleotide.
Thank you.
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As far as I know, there is no official recommended value, but one should expect both phasing and prephasing in read2 to be slightly greater than in read1.
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I am trying to adapt a DNA extraction protocol to allow me to extract both RNA and DNA from the same sample. I plan to put the sample through Qiagen Allprep DNA/RNA mini kit, but I am not sure at what step I lose the RNA.
SDS/CTAB cleanup
a. Add 10 μl SDS (10%) + 1 μl proteinase K (10 mg/ml stock) to each tube and incubate at 56 °C for 20 min. At this point, pre-incubate CTAB/NaCl solution at 65 °C.
b. Add 35 μl NaCl (5 M) + 28.1 μl CTAB/NaCl (2.5%). Pulse vortex. Incubate at 65 °C for 10 min then perform a quick spin.
c. Add 200 μl phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) pH 8.0. Pulse vortex. Centrifuge 8,000 × g for 5 min at RT.
d. Collect the aqueous fraction. Add 200 μl chloroform. Pulse vortex for 3–5 sec. Centrifuge 8,000 × g for 5 min at RT.
e. Collect the aqueous fraction. This is final Virus Nucleic Acid.
The final viral nucleic acid goes through the Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit.
I am not sure if the final nucleic acid contains RNA. If it does not contain RNA, I would like to know at which step I should put my sample through the kit.
I read protocols using CTAB to extract RNA as well as DNA, but I am not so sure about phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol or plain chloroform. I read a similar protocol for extracting RNA that used CTAB and phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol, but they replaced the chloroform with isopropanol and centrifuged, collecting the pellet as final RNA.
If someone could help me sort this out, it would be great!
FYI, this is part of a protocol to enrich for viral particles and extract the nucleic acid from stool with the least amount of human or bacterial contamination.
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Hello,
In the context of RNA extraction, both phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol and plain chloroform have been traditionally used, each serving specific roles in the process of isolating high-quality RNA.
  1. Phenol:Chloroform:Isoamyl Alcohol: This mixture is commonly used in RNA extraction protocols for its effectiveness in separating nucleic acids from proteins. The phenol denatures proteins and facilitates their partitioning into the organic phase, while chloroform enhances the separation of the aqueous and organic phases. Isoamyl alcohol, typically added in a smaller proportion (e.g., 25:24:1 phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol), helps in reducing foaming and also aids in the phase separation. When this mixture is added to an aqueous solution containing RNA, upon centrifugation, it forms two phases: an aqueous phase (containing RNA) and an organic phase (containing proteins and lipids). The RNA in the aqueous phase can then be further purified.
  2. Plain Chloroform: Plain chloroform can also be used in RNA extraction, primarily to remove phenol (if used in previous steps) or to further purify the RNA. When used after a phenol treatment, chloroform helps to eliminate residual phenol from the aqueous phase, which is crucial because phenol can interfere with downstream applications such as RT-PCR. Chloroform alone is less effective than the phenol:chloroform mixture in separating RNA from proteins and DNA, but it's a valuable step in ensuring the removal of potential contaminants.
  3. Protocol Considerations: It’s important to follow the protocol's specific guidelines for the use of these chemicals, including the ratios and volumes. The choice between using phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol or plain chloroform will depend on the nature of the sample, the presence of contaminants, and the specific requirements of the downstream applications.
  4. Safety and Handling: Both phenol and chloroform are toxic and require careful handling under a fume hood, with appropriate personal protective equipment. Their disposal must also adhere to safety and environmental regulations.
  5. RNA Quality and Yield: The quality and yield of RNA obtained can be affected by factors such as the pH of the phenol used (acidic phenol is often used for DNA extraction, while neutral or slightly alkaline phenol is preferred for RNA), the integrity of the sample, and the thoroughness of the phase separation.
In summary, both phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol and plain chloroform have roles in RNA extraction, with the choice and use depending on the specific requirements of the RNA extraction protocol and the nature of the sample. Proper handling and adherence to protocols are essential for obtaining high-quality RNA suitable for downstream applications.
Check out this protocol list; it might provide additional insights for resolving the issue.
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I am looking for opinions/recommendations of NGS Platforms (Illumina vs. BGI/MGI) from people that had opportunity to work on both hardware: MGISEQ-T7 and NovaSeq 6000 or analyze data from both. If you could please compare both and provide information, basing on your personal experience, on data quality, quality of service/tech support, usability, opinions, problem situations, pros & cons for each hardware I would be grateful.
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Is DNBSEQ-T7 good for the plant genomic sequencing especially shallow genome sequencing?
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We are currently working on a project involving the extraction of DNA and RNA from various types of animal samples, such as whole blood, serum, faeces, etc. The objective is to detect various pathogens through Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Our approach for each animal is to combine all the extracted DNA and RNA (converted to cDNA) together (e.g., its DNA from faeces + RNA from faeces + RNA from serum + ...), thus reducing the number of samples to be processed during library preparation.
We have an extraction kit that allows us to either extract DNA and RNA together in a single tube, or extract DNA in one tube and RNA in a different tube. Since our intention is to mix them anyway, we are considering the former option. Nevertheless, we are uncertain whether this will impact the RNA-to-cDNA conversion. Will the presence of DNA affect the conversion process? Additionally, are there any potential effects on the integrity of the DNA? While extracting DNA and RNA together would offer significant benefits in terms of saving time, consumables, and reagents, we will not proceed with this option if it might adversely affect the quality of our extracted DNA or RNA.
Thank you very much for your time and assistance.
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The presence of genomic DNA in the sample can be considered as a contaminant because of that during running Real time PCR, it affects quantity of cDNA (which is expected to come from expressed genes/transcripts). Since some DNA probes can bind to any double stranded DNA molecules, the presence of genomic DNA can affect quantification of cDNA.
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Regarding interpretation of sequence variants using ACMG rules.
Are ACMG rules PS3 and PP3 exclusionary?
In other words, if both PS3 and PP3 rules are fulfilled, can PP3 can be applied?
PS3 - Well-established in vitro or in vivo functional studies supportive of a damaging effect on the gene or gene product.
PP3 - Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect on the gene or gene product -conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc.
P.S - For me, they are not exclusionary.
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What is the data output for Minion Flow Cell (R10.4.1) without washing and with washing? How many times it is advisable for us to wash the flow cell? Thanks
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Hello Muhamad
We generally also acquire 15–20 Gb per run for long reads (see http://www.jmdjournal.org/article/S1525-1578(23)00194-0/fulltext). This is comparable to using shorter reads in our studies (not published yet). We haven't washed and reused because we generally exhaust the pores/channels.
All the best,
Marcus
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Hello,
I recently received metagenomic 16S rRNA gene sequence data from a company, which includes both raw reads, and clean data with barcodes removed. My goal is to analyze these sequences and obtain information on the taxonomic diversity and abundance of the species present in the sample.
Since I use a Windows system and cannot utilize Mac or Linux, I would greatly appreciate guidance on how to proceed with this analysis. Are there any web server-based applications available that can assist with this task?
Furthermore, if there are any researchers or experts interested in this project, I would be grateful to explore potential collaborations. Please feel free to reach out to me if you are interested or have any recommendations.
Thank you in advance for your assistance.
Best regards
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SilvaNGS - simple and win-based. https://ngs.arb-silva.de/silvangs/ It is probably less flexible than all nice approaches mentioned above but it is quite useful for first look or for someone who needs an established reliable pipeline
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we have already diagnosed 25 cases of DMD ..but unable to perform carrier analysis
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Yes Anjan Da. You can do the screening using different methods like multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), RFLP, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). but the best cost-effective strategy would be qPCR followed by sanger sequencing and monitoring CK level. but that will be time-consuming. Again, as the disease is associated with deletion, duplication and small mutation and SNP, NGS would have been a reliable option.
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Which is the best tutorial to learn Next-generation Sequencing online ?
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Currently, I am doing an experiment related to microbiome analysis from environment. However, I face technical problem related to NGS analysis that I have to wait for the analysis for around 2 months, cause the company needs to collect enough sample for one time running. I want to ask is there any faster method to do the microbiome analysis other than NGS?
I read that MALDI-TOF is fast, accurate, and reliable method for microbiome analysis. But from what I read, for this method we need to culture the bacteria and analyze each colony in different running time. Is that correct? If so, then how to analyze uncultured bacteria that might be exist in our sample? because for NGS, we extract the DNA of all types of bacteria including the uncultured one.
Or is there any method to estimate the diversity of bacteria cells in our sample?
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Thank you so much for your brief explanation. Sorry, I might not describe my questions accordingly. I was just curious if we could identify or estimate bacterial composition in my samples without relying on the NGS.
I read that MALDI-TOF is quite reliable for bacterial identification, but it needs a single or pure bacteria colony. So, it would be hard to identify bacteria that are still unculturable. I understand that the majority of bacteria from environmental samples are still uncultured or unculturable.
Anyway, thank you for your insight.
Regards!
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Can anyone tell me about the exact concentration of Agilent SureSelect NGS Panel(RNA probe)?
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Guide RNA (gRNA) plays a crucial role in CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing as it directs the Cas9 enzyme to the target DNA sequence. To improve CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing efficiency, researchers often focus on optimizing the design of gRNAs.
Some strategies for improving CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing using gRNAs include:
1. gRNA Design: Careful selection of gRNA sequences is essential for efficient targeting. Several online tools are available to predict gRNA efficiency and potential off-target effects.
2. Delivery Methods: Choosing the right delivery method, such as viral vectors or lipid nanoparticles, can enhance the delivery of Cas9 and gRNA to the target cells.
3. Chemical Modifications: Adding chemical modifications to gRNAs can increase their stability and reduce off-target effects.
4. Multi-gRNA Approaches: Using multiple gRNAs targeting different sites within the gene of interest can improve gene editing efficiency.
5. Base Editing: Advanced CRISPR technologies like base editing allow for precise changes to specific bases without creating double-strand breaks, potentially reducing unintended mutations.
It's important to note that the CRISPR-Cas9 field is continuously evolving, and researchers are continually exploring new methods to optimize gene editing efficiency and minimize off-target effects. Always refer to the latest scientific literature and protocols for the most up-to-date information on improved CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing techniques.
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To make a comparison between a local strain of bacteria (for example E. coli) with the standard one (NCBI) in terms of genetic content using next-generation sequencing (NGS), what is the lowest number of bacterial samples that must be sequenced to get reliable results?
Thank you in advance for any help.
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If you want to analyze genomic variants and you have a reference genome (as you mentioned in the description), I would do at least two samples each to be sure the variant is something general and not specific (~unique) for the particular sample. This could give you a hint about what you're looking for.
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I want to collect all the available NGS data of a bacterial strain collected from a certain country, how can I do that?
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Consider checking BV-BRC(https://www.bv-brc.org/) and filter data based on your desired location.
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I have been using a set of PaxGene tubes to collect blood samples from which I have been isolating cfDNA for NGS analysis. I need to collect more blood samples, but I noticed that the expiration date of the tubes has passed. I have read some comments on this issue which say that the vacuum of the tubes is lost but the preservation medium does not expire that fast. Does anyone have any experience or information on how good it is to use these tubes for continuing blood collection and whether it would affect the cfDNA yield or quality for the NGS experiments?
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Hello everyone, I want to learn about the recipe for the solution in the cfdna tube, can anyone guide me on this recipe, via email: lap9561@gmail.com
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I have developed this multiplex PCR panel for next generation sequencing library prepration. This panel is used for the diagnosis of a particular bacteria infection, as well as some SNP I'm interested in.
The panel works well with sputum samples, but failed to detected some expected SNPs when we tested with FFPE samples. The copy number of this bacteria might be lower (120) than my detection limit (250). We still managed to get at least 5000 coverage in most of the SNP locations. But only about half the SNPs were called, why not the others?
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amplicons panels need to be sure samples are in good shape and designed amplicons not too long. dis you test quality of your samples (DIN or RIN) and how long are your amplicons?
fred
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I have been using the DNeasy kit from Qiagen to extract DNA and, in the final step of the extraction, the product guide recommends to elute the DNA in AE Buffer that contains EDTA (0.5 mM). However, the Nextera protocol might be seriously affected by EDTA during tagmentation. Could I use TE buffer (0.1mM EDTA) for storing DNA samples in a stable manner for a long time? Or would I have to extract my samples only in nuclease free water for immediate use?
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Hi Moises , I agree with Jatesh , yes you can use EB without any EDTA
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I am currently working in the process of automating our research lab to be able to process a higher number of samples. Our work consists in detecting and quantifying pathogens in mammalian samples (e.g., blood, faeces, tissue, swabs). As such, I am interested in an automated extraction system which produces good DNA/RNA yields to be sent for NGS.
Until now, we have been using Qiagen kits for our manual extractions, so I thought that a machine from the same brand would do for us. However, I've been told that the QIAcube Connect does not really take that much work out of your hands, and that the sample volume obtained at the end of the process with the QIAcube HT is way lower than the one with the manual kit. I have also checked other machines, such as Thermo Scientific's Kingfisher Flex and its kits, but do not know how well they do in comparison with Qiagen's kits.
Based on your experience, which automated extraction system would you recommend? And which brand of kits have you used with it? The system and kits do not need to be from the brands mentioned here (as long as the produce good results).
Thank you very much in advance.
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Laia-M. Pardinilla back when i worked in the diagnostic laboratory, i used CyBio Felix from AnalyticJena. It is also based on magnetic beads technology and it is fully automated, you can modify the program, customize configurations.. and we had two of them, so we could process 192 samples at once, i really liked that one https://www.analytik-jena.com/products/liquid-handling-automation/liquid-handling/flexible-benchtop-liquid-handling/cybio-felix-series/
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Dear all,
Does anyone know the protocol for the best bacterial DNA isolation from raw milk? I would like to perform a full NGS identification of lactic acid bacteria and am looking for the best kit or procedure. Does anyone have experience with such research? Raw milk (brestmilk) hasn't got a large microbiome, hence it is not possible to collect bacteria by microfiltration. I've found a few articles about it, but I'm still looking for researchers who have any experience with such research. Anyone?
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ultrafilterize the raw milk from fats and proteins.
acid precipitation and centrifugation for fats. and special starin for casein proteins. most bacteria should be with the watery part that leavesthe rest of the fats and proteins.
What we used to do is it suspend around 100uL into 900 of buffer or water and then homogenize it.
Afterwards, centrifuge at 10,000G and collect 400uL with the pellet inside.
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Hello,
Can I store whole blood in RNA later and later to use that blood for NGS sequencing?
There is no possibility to stored otherwise and the quantity is very small. Thank you!
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Mojtaba Najafi Thank you very much for your answer! It helps me a lot!
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Due to the constraint of sample, I cannot re-collect the leaves from a genotype that was used for NGS analysis (can only produce draft genome) before. To improve that assembly, can I use the NGS data generated from another genotype (same species but apparently have high heterozygous rate compared to the old one)? If so, please advise for appropriate tool/pipeline and papers dealing with the same issue.
With my appreciation.
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Combining sequence datasets from different genotypes can potentially improve genome assembly quality, especially for regions that are highly variable or difficult to sequence. However, there are several challenges that need to be considered when combining sequence datasets from different genotypes:
  1. Genome complexity: The genome complexity and size can vary significantly among different genotypes, which can affect the quality and completeness of the genome assembly. It is important to ensure that the combined datasets cover the entire genome and do not introduce bias or gaps in the assembly.
  2. Differences in sequence quality: The sequence quality and read length can vary among different datasets, which can affect the accuracy and resolution of the assembly. It is important to carefully evaluate the quality of each dataset and perform quality control measures to minimize errors and artifacts.
  3. Polymorphisms and variations: Different genotypes can have variations, such as SNPs, indels, and structural variants, that can cause challenges in the assembly process. These variations can create complexities in the assembly, such as chimeric contigs, and can also result in incorrect or incomplete assemblies. Special consideration should be given to these variations, and bioinformatic tools such as haplotype phasing and polishing should be used to resolve them.
  4. Computing resources: Combining sequence datasets from different genotypes can increase the computational requirements, especially for large and complex genomes. Sufficient computational resources, such as high-performance computing clusters, are required to process and analyze the datasets efficiently.
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Current application is library quantitation for NGS.
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I used Qubit extensively and think it's easy of use is great and many core centres will recommend Qubit. Quantas looks essentially the same but considering whenever I've used Promega compared to other companies, they usually ended up performing worse (primarily their wizard kits versus the NEB monarch kits), so would go with Qubit over Quantas.
The figures they use are comparing are against the Qubit 3, Qubit 4 has been out a long time it and seems like a dated comparison to look better than they are
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Does anybody have a clue how to analyse targeted RNA NGS data with respect to normalization? How to correct for differences in capturing efficiency per transcript? We isolate patient RNA from PAX gene, perform a Sureselect sample prep (oncopanel) and want to see which genes in a patient are differentially expressed. For whole transcriptome analysis we use the "DROP pipeline".
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I do not recommend following Anita Tripathi advice. It is completely irrelevant to what you are asking (and outdated).
I do not recommend using targeted RNA-Seq of a single transcript for expression estimates. If you must, here are my 2 cents.
Normalization of targeted RNA is complicated if not impossible. Two main reasons: 1) differences in capturing efficiency per transcript and per experiment - unknown unless you do extensive testing every time, 2) variable sequencing depth with no reference. The only solution that comes to my mind is adding spike-in molecules with known expression/concentration and using their levels for the normalization. This would, however, most likely require you to design synthetic spike-in molecules with the same target regions as your transcripts (to estimate capture efficiency) in addition to "classic" spike-in molecules (to have a reference for sequencing depth normalization).
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My undergraduate thesis partner and I will be identifying and characterizing the microbial diversity in 3 sample sites from an urban river. We were thinking of using Sanger sequencing since we would just like to identify what is in the river, but NGS yields a lot of data to really characterize the bacteria present. Our main issue with NGS however would be cost. We are planning to apply for subsidies but our budget is around PHP 20,000 or USD 360. If we will be sending 3 samples, which institution has the most affordable NGS sequencing service? What are possible alternatives to NGS that are more cost-friendly to undergraduate students?
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For Sanger, you need a purified PCR product. I am not sure what you mean by as much data as possible - you will get a single consensus sequence for each direction up to ~800 base. I would recommend talking to a sequencing lab or whoever has a sequencing machine at your university to discuss your options.
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The concentrations of DNA extracted from avian stool samples are extremely low ( about 0.5 ng/ uL, using nanodrop spectrophotometer). May someone suggest me any suggestion to improve my extraction methods using Qiamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit for running the NGS to identify the diet analysis using ANML primer set. I have done exactly as the manual provided by the kit but still got low DNA concentration which the highest that I can is about 6.7 ng/uL but A260/A280 is 1.05 and A260/A230 is 0.21.
thank you.
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Péter Gyarmati I strongly recommend using the PCI (Phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol) method as it will give you more DNA than any other method and I strongly recommended using ethanol (70%) for washing.
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It is important for us, that the sample data can be link to the laboratory practices (what is going on with each sample), very good traceability of samples, possible linking to results and analsys of samples, produucing and saving protocols, adding photos, etc.
We are mostly working NGS sequencing (Ion Torrent S5).
Regards,
Aja B.
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If you are looking for something like "best" or "very good" in the context of question, in my opinion, probably you are looking for the wrong thing. You can try LabCollector which offer a trial version, and make your own integration of LabBook and your NGS data and other stuff you mentioned.
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Hi every one
I want to setup a new NGS based kit for my project.
In our project, other researchers used to work with one kit and It had good detection rate
some samples was False negative
The second generation kit is much more comprehensive and I want to set up it
How do you design experiment for the second kit?
Do you start with samples which were proved to be positive?
How do you choose the best minimum Input for library preparation?
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The problem with such questions are that only the person asking question know what the terms used mean. In here NGS, kit experiment and experimental design does not make sense to the reader. Try to ask question with enough details which make sense to the reader and sufficient to get some ideas/answers.
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Current research often uses new, next-generation, "flashy" experimental techniques (i.e. single-cell RNA-seq) that have replaced some of the older, smaller, yet fundamental experimental techniques. Many of these new-age techniques seem overused and expensive when older techniques could be an adequate replacement. What are some good examples of these new "answer-all" techniques and how were these techniques done previously with smaller, fundamental techniques?
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I nominate DNA methylation clocks to measure aging. The problem is not that it's expensive, but that they don't work in the context of intervention. People need to double-check on whatever their methylation clock is saying with a good old life span study. But nobody has time for that anymore, and if they did it, they wouldn't like the result. Instead, they just take the clock on faith.
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  1. A latest Book holding details on every important aspect of Next Generation Sequencing and Genomic Data Analysis with newest available tools
  2. Book with examples in Command Line
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Have a look at this one which I've previously purchased:
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For example NGS should be used to determine types of cancer but I need further examples
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Sanger sequencing is further running of bioinformatics Developed by Dr Sanger's
can be use when you when to sequence limited number of DNA
Template because it is first generation of DNA
It is more expensive, time consuming and not as fast as Next generation DNA sequences
Large numbers of DNA template can be studied and compare at faster and cheaper rate
More bioinformation can be obtained using this second generation of DNA sequences or next generation sequences at a faster and more efficient way
Uses in veterinary medicine
Can be use to monitor origin and spread of disease in a community by analysis DNA template sequences from obtained from public waste
Also further viral mutation or changes in nucleotides can be analyse at faster rate
New or emerging viral disease can easily be detected by using this Next generation sequences
However best and more advanced DNA sequences technique are now available that faster ,more specific,more accurate and cheaper know as third generation DNA sequences technique
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For RNA profiling of frozen tissues, researchers recommend to use single-nuclei RNA sequencing instead of single-cell. What is the reason for this?
Also, what is the best way to freeze cells for RNAseq at a later time?
Thank you very much for your help, be safe!
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There are several reasons why frozen cells are not typically recommended for single-cell RNA sequencing:
  1. RNA degradation: One of the main challenges with using frozen cells for single-cell RNA sequencing is the risk of RNA degradation. Frozen cells are more prone to RNA degradation than fresh cells, as the freezing process can damage the RNA molecule. This can lead to lower yields of RNA and poorer quality RNA, which can affect the accuracy and reliability of the RNA sequencing results.
  2. Loss of cell viability: Another issue with using frozen cells for single-cell RNA sequencing is that the freezing process can also lead to cell death. This can reduce the number of viable cells that are available for sequencing, limiting the number of cells that can be profiled.
  3. Inability to preserve rare cell types: In some cases, using frozen cells for single-cell RNA sequencing may also lead to the loss of rare cell types, as these cells may be more sensitive to the freezing process.
To minimize these issues, researchers often prefer to use single-nuclei RNA sequencing for RNA profiling of frozen tissues, as this approach allows them to analyze the RNA from individual nuclei rather than whole cells. Single-nuclei RNA sequencing can be performed on frozen tissues, and it has the advantage of allowing researchers to profile the RNA from a large number of cells without the need for cell isolation or culturing.
If you need to freeze cells for RNA sequencing at a later time, it is important to handle the cells carefully to minimize the risk of RNA degradation and cell death. Some general tips for freezing cells for RNA sequencing include:
  1. Grow the cells to high density before freezing to maximize the yield of RNA.
  2. Use a suitable storage buffer, such as RNA storage buffer or RNA lysis buffer, to protect the cells and RNA from damage.
  3. Quickly freeze the cells in liquid nitrogen or in a -80°C freezer to minimize the risk of RNA degradation.
  4. Store the frozen cells at a low temperature, such as -80°C or -196°C, to minimize the risk of RNA degradation and cell death.
Overall, it is generally recommended to use fresh cells or single-nuclei RNA sequencing for RNA profiling, rather than frozen cells.
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Dear all,
how does it cost a whole genome NGS analysis per sample (150 sample in total)?
Any suggestion on which is the most cost-effective company to do this job?
Thank you.
Oronzo Catalano
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It's not really possible to answer that without more information.
But in general, the price depends on what you sequence (lots to choose from here: is it metagenomics, single-cell, single genome, transcriptomics, ...), and a lot on the amount of bases you want to sequence, which again depends of you samples and your desired coverage.
A way to go about this is to just contact 2-3 sequencing companies, describe what you want to sequence and get quotes from them and compare. Be prepared for 5 figures
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Typically, interaction network analysis uses binary data (absence/presence) or abundance data (frequency) to analyze the network structure (nested or modular). When the abundance data comes from direct observations of the interactions, it makes sense to use them instead of just the binary data because the interaction frequency is biologically important. When one obtains information about the partners involved in an interaction from NGS (for example, fungi associated with plant roots in mycorrhizal interactions), it is usual that some fungi appear more frequently than others (that is, there is a higher frequency of readings of some sequences than others). Does it make sense to use the number of reads as abundance data to build the networks and evaluate their structure, or would it be more prudent to simply use binary data?
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Hello! I am very new to NGS. But It may be good for to learn. Those readings, are same sequences occurring repeatedly occurring repeatedly in a same genome?
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Hi there!
We are doing some tests to sequence different panels in a same FlowCell of NovaSeq 6000. We have already successfully loaded different libraries from different panels in the same FLow Cell. However these panels often produce similarly sized libraries (around 350pb).
Now, we need to include another distinct panel. However, in this time, the panel produces smaller libraries (around 270bp).
We know that different libraries with different sizes show distint clustering efficiency, once smaller libraries cluster more efficiently and probably will be overrepresented compared to larger libraries in a same NGS run.
So, do you have experience in mixture diferents libraries with diferent size to sequencing? Do you have any recommendations regarding the proportions to follow (Considering output per sample, library size, others factors)?
Thank you in advance for your attention regarding this matter.
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Hi,
It is not ideal to pool different libraries (of different sizes) in one run.
But it can be done with some considerations. As you mentioned that small libraries will get overrepresented compared to large ones. Therefore while pooling the libraries you need to make sure you add different libraries accordingly.
For eg:
If you have two libraries:
Lib1- 10 samples and size of 500bp
Lib2- 10 samples and size of 250 bp
and you need equal number of reads for all 20 samples (both libraries)
In this situation, you can not pool both libraries in equal proportion. You need to load the larger library in high proportion as compared to the smaller one.
The exact proportion can be determined by doing a spike run if that is possible.
But if the size difference is less than 100bp then I do not think it will skew drastically.
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In silico testing with Primer Blast and MFE primer 3.1, shows many nonspecific Human amplicons for HPV PGMY09/11 primers. Therefore, are the amplicons feasible for NGS (Illumina, Nanopore) based HPV sequencing?
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Hello, Pushkal Sinduvadi Ramesh, Thank you for your valuable suggestions and the provided links.
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I want to know which type of magnetic beads can be used for pcr cleanup during library preparation of nucleic acid for NGS.
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Generally SPRI / AMPure beads are used for the cleanup, however, it would be better if you follow your protocol or contact your sequencing facility for the correct information.
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I'm looking for a way to duplicate the sequence of a specific chromosome.
I want to do whole genome sequencing and want to get data for each chromosome.
I have been studying the genome of bacteria so far, but I am planning to study the chromosomes of eukaryotes.
However, since there are cases in which chromosomes are shared between closely related species, I would like to conduct research on sequencing by chromosomes to create data for each chromosome and compare them based on that.
The process I am thinking of is as follows.
1. Separation of each chromosome
2. Chromosome-specific gene amplification
3. ngs analysis
4. Production of whole genome data for each chromosome
How can the separated chromosomes be amplified in process 2?
If not, should each chromosome be isolated from multiple cells?
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Hi. You can using NSG and sent all question for specific company , I will write URL for this company , if you like sent question to them (https://genohub.com/)
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I just want to get understand the Ion Torrent NGS platform
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hello
Please introduce me the companies that provide biotechnology services such as designing different types of primers, NGS, RNASeq, etc.
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Following companies have offices in Tehran
Sanofil - Roche - Novo NorDisk - Novartis - Bayer - Johnson & Johnson - Merck KGaA - Zoetis - TCI - BioHorizons Implant Systems. In US many are located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Boston, Mine and San Fransisco, California. - But Iran had made working with US companies nearly impossible. For ease of working outside Iran I'd look to China. In general use caution sharing new ideas with companies you have not worked with in past..
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Hello everyone, I am using nanodrop to check the DNA purity. I get a good DNA purity value at 280/260 (above 1.7) but for RNA 280/230 less than 1. I need good DNA samples for NGS. Does this value of RNA matter?
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your DNA purity seems ok, instead of checking your RNA on nanodrop you can either run QUBIT assay or just run on the gel and if you get clear bands its fine to use them for downstream NGS library prep.
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How is it possible to identify random mutations induced by environmental factors in a small cohort by the sanger sequencing method without knowing any specific target genes?
What might be the best and simplest method for this purpose without use NGS?
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I agree entirely with Katie A S Burnette that the genome is just too large and for random changes NGS is absolutely necessary these days.
There are many methods described for mutation detection like SSCP, DGGE ,TGGE, chemical cleavage of mismatch, enzymatic cleavage of mismatch but all of these are limited to fragments of less than 1000 bases and often less than 500 bases so are all suitable for targeted mutation detection is likely gene candidates but inadequate for whole genome screening of any genome greater than 30,000 bases. It has been done with Sanger sequencing but took 13 years and billions of dollars.
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counting bacteria based on CFU or colony forming units is a culture dependent technique.
Next generation sequencing is a culture independent technique
Is qPCR a culture dependent or independent technique?
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Sounds like a test question... No, qPCR measures the amount of bacterial DNA sequences, independent of the bacterial culture(s) from which these sequences were isolated. It is not even relevant if the DNA sequences are from living bacteria or from dead bacterial debris.
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Hello, can you help me please?
I'm working with plants, Jatropha curcas especifically, and i need to analyze some genes. The size of these is from 5 kb to 7 kb, and i need to get their nucleotide sequence. There is already a reference genome, but i only want the to sequence fragments of my interest, so i don't think that NGS is a good option.
By the way, i'm from Mexico.
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Did you mean that you want to sequence the entire gene in one go? I had previously isolated smaller fragments of 5-6 kb genes from Hevea using primers from the reference genome, then used thermostable PCR enzymes designed for longer fragments to amplify the whole gene from genomic DNA. Cloned the long fragment to plasmid DNA and Sanger sequenced the gene with the primers designed for smaller fragments. Alternatively can restrict (using restriction enzymes) the PCR-amplified whole gene fragment, clone to plasmid DNA and Sanger sequence it. Since you have the reference genome, it should be easy to decipher the gene sequence.
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Hi Folks,
I have applied NGS technique for discovering and/or diagnosis the viruses infecting several plants and associated with some insects. However, I have noticed that numerous studies that are similar to mine they applied further step that is sanger sequencing. Can we avoid this step in the future application of NGS?
Thanks in advance
Adnan
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Sanger sequencing is very useful as an internal quality control. Despite the improved accuracy of next-generation sequencing (NGS), it may not necessarily be 100% accurate. So, it is widely accepted that NGS results need to be validated with the gold standard Sanger sequencing technique prior to reporting. Though the costs and turnaround time of this approach are considerable, it is necessary. However, you may avoid this step if the errors can be significantly minimized using proper controls. No technique is 100% accurate and needs to be validated in order to prevent human error and obtain reliable results.
Best.
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Hello everyone
Does anybody know a free accessible workshop on how to do and analyse the NGS result?
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Hi Vahid
You can find smth interesting for you here:
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I am searching for ready available kit or panel solution from any reputed manufacturer for diagnosis coagulation genes by NGS method. We have Genexus and S5 machine from thermo scientific and Novaseq 6000 from Illumina.
Expected gene covered : F10, F11, F12, F13A1, F13B, F2, F5, F7, F8, F9, FGA, FGB, FGG, GGCX, GP1BA, KLKB1, KNG1, LMAN1, MCFD2, PLG, SERPINE1, SERPINF2, VKORC1, VWF
Please suggest compatible panels if anyone is working or have information.
Thank you.
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Hi Jigarkumar
you can try AmpliSeq for Illumina Hematology Research Panel (394 genes)
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I have extracted DNA from human stool by using The QIAamp Power Fecal Pro DNA Kit.
However, I found that most of my purity reading A260/230 were very low. I plan to send my extracted DNA for NGS. Does anyone have any suggestion on how to improve the reading.
Thank you so much.
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Nurul
Did you use right blank/reference? Sorry for asking!
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Need a help! Basically if someone is focusing on liquid biopsy and next generation sequencing.
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Yes
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The sample was extracted by PAXgene kit, However, its measurements on nanodrop is very poor (report is attached). The current quality is not suitable to be applied for next generation sequencing. Are there possible means can be used to increase its quality?
Thanks in advance