Newborn - Science topic

Successful exclusive breastfeeding enhances sensory and cognitive capabilities and protects children against infectious and chronic ailments. Children's growth and development are adversely affected by inadequate neonate feeding practices. The study aims to explore the barrier to exclusive breastfeeding in the Indonesia's Islands area. This was a q...

Background: Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is a common condition globally, posing serious risks like neurological damage, physical impairments, and even mortality if untreated. Maternal knowledge and timely intervention play a crucial role in improving outcomes. This study aimed to assess the awareness level of mothers regarding NNJ and the initial treatm...

Advances in Knowledge • The effects of blood lead levels (BLL) in pregnant women on their newborns are controversial and differ from country to country and even in different districts within the same country. • The study examines the impact of maternal BLLs on their babies in Basrah, Iraq where previous studies revealed high BLL among the populatio...

Mitochondria are vital organelles that regulate metabolic state of skeletal muscle, and thus preserving their structure and function is crucial for the maintainance of skeletal muscle function. Unconventional myosin VI (MVI) is a minus-end-directed motor, in contrast to other known myosins, which are plus-end-directed. It is expressed in skeletal m...

Background Stakeholder-related methodologies for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have primarily focused on stakeholder engagement or identification of specific, well-defined populations. Current stakeholder mapping research methods do not provide sufficient sampling processes for defining and implementing a sampling frame for poorly define...

Purpose This study aims to quantify how frequently infants not passing the final newborn hearing screen and diagnosed by an audiologist with typical hearing do not receive threshold testing recommended as part of a complete audiological evaluation. Method A total of 10,821 infants born in 2022 from 22 jurisdictions did not pass the final hearing s...

Background The status of infants in the minutes after birth has been summarized by the Apgar score for the last 70 years and is applied at most medically attended deliveries around the world. It has not, however, adapted to changes in neonatal resuscitation over the decades. There are issues with application to premature newborns, how to account fo...

Background: Hospital-acquired neonatal infections are increasingly caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It is unknown to what extent home-based births, which account for nearly a third of deliveries in Bangladesh, may also result in exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Methods: We enrolled mothers who delivered at home and their newborns...

Introduction Azithromycin exhibits significant pharmacokinetic variability. Thus, dosage optimization is crucial for optimal therapeutic outcomes. This systematic review aims to analyze the population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) of azithromycin and identify key covariates influencing its pharmacokinetics. Methods A systematic search was conducted in...

Background Genomic newborn screening (gNBS) offers the potential to detect genetic conditions early, enhancing outcomes through timely treatment. It can serve as an additional tool to identify conditions that are not detectable via metabolic screening. The Screen4Care project seeks to develop a systematic approach for selecting treatable rare disea...

Maternal care is ubiquitous in mammals, yet its degree and duration vary across taxa. Primate mothers provide extended care, with similar developmental transitions of the mother-infant relationship, though with different paces of change. Ecological conditions can influence the trajectory of this relationship, but data from the wild are still scarce...

Background: Neonatal mortality is still a significant global public health issue and most of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite extensive government and nongovernment campaigns, the neonatal fatality rate in this region remains unacceptable.Aim: This review evaluates the efficacy of educational resuscitation interventions on the know...

Pediatric nutrition is one of the most important topics for pediatrics, because it has a direct impact on the growth, neurological development, and health of children. This chapter will explore the main topics of pediatric nutrition, which include the importance of breastfeeding and human milk composition, the nutritional requirements of a newborn,...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on public health. However, the impact of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy on the microbiome of the mother and her newborn child still remains poorly understood. Methods This study involved 94 mother-child pairs whose mothers had COVID-19 during pregnancy and 44 newborns as a control...

Background Some research suggests that vitamin E may help prevent intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm neonates. However, consolidated evidence regarding its effects on brain vascular health in this population is lacking. This study systematically reviews primary research on this topic. This study examines the effectiveness of vitamin E sup...

Embryonic macrophages emerge before the onset of definitive hematopoiesis, seed into discrete tissues and contribute to specialized resident macrophages throughout life. Presence of embryonic macrophages in the bone marrow and functional impact on hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) or the niche remains unclear. Here we show that bone marrow macrophages...

Introduction: An increase has been observed in the number of late preterm newborns, a group that presents a morbidity rate six to seven times higher compared to term newborns. It is crucial to analyze the differences in morbidity between late preterm and early term newborns, aiming to optimize medical care for both groups. Method: Analytical observ...

Objective: To identify perinatal maternal factors associated with neonatal depression in infants born at the Hospital del Norte de Trujillo during 2023–2024. Materials and Methods: Observational and analytical case-control study with a retrospective and cross-sectional approach. The study included 216 newborns, with a sample of 72 cases and 144 con...

Objective To investigate the association between late pregnancy A/G (Albumin to globulin) ratio and the risk of admission for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB). Methods This cross-sectional study selected mothers in labor and their newborns delivered at Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, from January to December 2022. Multivariate logistic regressi...

Introduction Newly graduated (NG) midwives face various challenges during their transition from school to clinical practice, which can impact their long-term professional satisfaction and development. In China, there are currently no formal support programs for NG midwives. Senior midwives, as direct supervisors and mentors of NG midwives, hold val...

Introduction Sexually transmitted infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium can have significant implications during early childhood. This study aimed to assess maternal antibodies to C. trachomatis and M. genitalium in newborns, their vanishing, and offspring's own seroconversion to these pathogens during the first 3 yea...

Neonatal sepsis, together with prematurity, represents approximately 50% of deaths in children under 5 years of age worldwide, accentuating its impact in low-resource environments and countries. Despite advances in the prevention and control of other causes of infant mortality, the development of strategies to combat neonatal sepsis has been slower...

Objective: Identify the incidence of exclusive breastfeeding in the sixth month of life and associated factors according to care received during hospitalization for birth. Method: A prospective cohort study was conducted in two hospitals (A and B) in Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil, with 291 pregnant women/puerperal women. Data collection was performed...

The first target of Sustainable Development Goals – 3 (SDG-3) aims to reduce the maternal mortality rate (MMR) to less than 70 per 100,000 births. In 2023, around 87% (225,000) of the estimated global maternal deaths occurred in southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Majority (70% - 182,000) of these deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa alone, and...

Studies have shown that newborns and nonhuman animals innately estimate quantities using the approximate number system (ANS), raising questions about whether the ANS is a precursor to advanced computational abilities or an independent cognitive function. Professional board game Go players, who can quickly judge territory sizes without explicit calc...

Objective: Identify the incidence of exclusive breastfeeding in the sixth month of life and associated factors according to care received during hospitalization for birth. Method: A prospective cohort study was conducted in two hospitals (A and B) in Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil, with 291 pregnant women/puerperal women. Data collection was performed...

Objective To describe prevalence of congenital anomalies according to maternal, health care, and newborn characteristics in the state of Rio de Janeiro, from 2019 to 2021. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Live births were described according to sex, birthweight, gestational age, Apgar score, and maternal sociodemographic, reproductive, an...

Objective To analyze distribution of orofacial cleft cases (cleft palate, cleft lip and cleft palate with cleft lip) and their temporal trend in Brazil, according to the country’s regions and Federative Units from 2010 to 2021, in addition to comparing proportions during the COVID-19 pandemic, from 2020 to 2021, with the preceding time series, from...

Early identification of altered brain networks in neonates at risk for neurodevelopmental impairments is critical for timely intervention and improving outcomes. This study explores the potential of graph convolutional networks (GCNs) applied to structural brain connectomes at the voxel level granularity to classify neonatal connectomes by their un...

Prenatal exposure to metals is a significant concern, particularly in urban settings where environmental factors and maternal characteristics may contribute to varying exposure levels. Understanding the factors influencing metal concentrations in newborns is crucial for developing targeted interventions. This study assessed the association between...

The aim of this article is to provide a detailed description of the cranial anatomy of Mammuthus meridionalis (Nesti, 1825) based on the type material from Upper Valdarno (UV), Italy. The UV sample includes both male and female individuals and a fragmented skull of a newborn , allowing us to highlight variation in cranial features linked to both se...

Colostrum is part of the lactomaterno component, it is a right of the human being and its benefits are widely known, but; it is not equally applied in the different NICU services of the city and the need to be implemented in a rigorous and standardized manner is urgent. For this reason, this research set out to investigate the situation of the use...

During the initial week after birth, a majority of newborns experience hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice as a result of the build-up of unconjugated Bilirubin (BR) in their bloodstream. If elevated BR levels are not adequately addressed, it could result in brain damage. Despite advancements in luminescence-based sensing technology for clinical purpos...

Mathematical modeling allows taking into account registered and hidden infections in order to make correct predictions of the epidemic dynamics and develop recommendations that can reduce the negative impact on public health and the economy. A model for visible and hidden epidemic dynamics (published by the author in February 2025) has been general...

We report the case of a now 12‐year‐old male compound heterozygous for a novel GALT null variant and the p.Ser135Leu variant, associated with clinical variant galactosemia. This patient presented with fulminant liver failure at age 2 months requiring liver transplant. Despite initial detection by newborn screening, a misinterpretation of results le...

Abstact This text brings some reflections on parenthood and perinatality as independent dimensions. The birth of a child does not necessarily imply the birth of a mother. From this, it is discussed that entry into the parental position depends on an act of naming, which is irreversible. For the discussion, we use a clinical case attended by the Per...

Impact The study documents significant changes in skin pigmentation among Kenyan newborns over their first month of life, with significant decreases in reflectance at wavelengths critical for transcutaneous diagnostic devices. This research provides the first quantitative documentation of optical-light characteristics in African newborn skin using...

Background: Newborn care refers to the fundamental care provided to a newborn, including activities such as breastfeeding, maintaining body temperature, and taking precautions to prevent infections and injuries. The main objective of this study is to find the effectiveness of structured educational program on knowledge regarding newborn care among...

Background General anesthesia (GA) is the most accepted option for category-1 emergency cesarean sections (CSs). A low dose of esketamine has been used as an excellent adjunct to neuraxial anesthesia (NA) with little effect on newborns. However, literature on the use of esketamine for GA induction in emergency CS is limited. This case series descri...

Background: Adolescent pregnancy is a global public health concern and a leading determinant of adverse birth outcomes. This study was conducted to assess the risk factors and immediate birth outcomes associated with adolescent pregnan­cy in a tertiary hospital in Chitwan. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 post-pa...

The integration of CBNC on existing community and facility platforms facilitated at scale implementation of the interventions, reaching a considerable proportion of Ethiopia’s newborns. Its ongoing effectiveness will be dependent on how well the platforms continue to function and how well they expand community demand and utilization. Current health...

Background: Pregnancy complicated by asthma is currently thought to be the most prevalent chronic illness during pregnancy and are linked to a higher risk of complications for both the mother and the newborn baby. Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess the maternal and neonatal outcomes in women having asthma.

Background Despite global efforts to promote breastfeeding, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has remained stagnant in recent decades. Identifying factors that influence EBF is crucial. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate weight patterns and their association with EBF in newborns, specifically comparing infants with and without exces...

Introduction The diaphragm of preterm newborns is flat, weak and horizontally inserted in the rib cage. Consequently, it hampers the lever mechanism during muscle contraction, reduces the efficiency of pulmonary ventilation and chest expansion and increases energy expenditure. Objective Primary outcome was to assess chest expansion using inductanc...

Justin McCurry & David McNeill talk to fishermen in the north and south of the country and find widespread alarm at depleted tuna stocks. On a gloomy day pregnant with rain and the weight of past expectations, Nakamura Minoru is welcomed back to port in Iki-shi like a conquering hero. Three family generations, including Nakamura's father Toshiaki a...

Aim To explore neonatal unit policy and practice, and neonatal healthcare workers' experiences, beliefs and perceptions of twin cobedding in Australia. Design and Methods A two‐part convergent mixed methods design was used. Part 1 data were collected via an online survey of neonatal units. Part 2 data were collected by focus groups and interviews...

Red blood cells are made up of many structures of carbohydrate, protein, or lipid origin that give rise to erythrocyte antigens that define blood systems. The importance of these antigens lies in the fact that there are pathophysiological mechanisms in blood transfusions, pregnancies, and transplants that generate incompatibilities between donor an...

Introduction Preeclampsia is a serious obstetrics condition generally diagnosed by the presence of high blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg) and significant protein in urine (≥ 2++ on dipstick urine test) developing for the first time after 20 weeks of pregnancy. It poses severe risks to both mother and newborn, including the potential for maternal and ne...

Introduction: Congenital toxoplasmosis can result in severe clinical manifestations and long-term complications in newborns. Standard treatment typically comprises a combination of three medications, with the potential addition of a fourth temporarily. However, the lack of commercially available pediatric formulations in Brazil requires pharmacy co...

Background We examined the association between placental epigenetic gestational age (eGA) acceleration and adolescent systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a cohort born extremely preterm. Methods Study participants were a subset of the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn cohort (born <28 weeks’ gestation) who had placental DNA methylation quantified...

Neonatal seizures can be a clinical sign of a central nervous system disorder. Incidences of seizures range from 1.5 to 5.5 per 1000 in newborns. Seizures can be seen all periods of neonates, but most often occur within the first week of life. The most common cause of seizure is neonatal encephalopathy and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. There are...

Newborns have the right to high-quality health care, including both the provision and experience of care. Experience of care—how care is provided, not just what is provided—encompasses the extent to which care is delivered with respect and dignity. It is increasingly recognized as a core component of quality, with implications for newborns’ immedia...

Newborn piglet diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes serious economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. Heat-stable enterotoxins (STa) secreted by ETEC can damage the intestine, resulting in villus atrophy and shedding, which is the main cause of diarrhea in newborn piglets; however, the mechanism is not clear. Thi...

Background The World Health Organization defines low birth weight as a birth weight of less than 2500 g, regardless of the gestational age. It is regarded as the most significant predictor of infant mortality overall, particularly for deaths that occur in the first few months of life. Among all the months of a person’s existence, the neonatal perio...

Background and Aims: A ping pong fracture is a rare depressed skull fracture (DSF)

The article presents data on the economically useful traits of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows bred in farms located in different climatic zones of Ukraine, namely: LLC SP "Imeni Volovikova " Rivne region (Polissya zone, n =1840), SE DH " Olexandrivske " Vinnytsia region (Forest-Steppe zone, n =714) and SE "Research Farm "Askaniyske" (Steppe z...

Recent developments in venture creation are discussed, moving from a standard model of venture creation as a one-off binary decision (enter or not) to viewing venture creation in terms of knowledge endowments that differ according to the gestation process. We draw on the analogy that healthy newborn babies lose weight in the first few days after bi...

Background: The postpartum period is a critical phase that significantly influences a woman's physical recovery and functional capacity. Functional independence during this time is essential for maternal well-being and the ability to care for a newborn. Evaluating a mother's capability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) provides insight i...

Introduction: The occurrence of preterm labor during the first 37 weeks of pregnancy creates substantial risks to newborns, which requires effective tocolytic treatments. The calcium channel-blocking drug Nifedipine serves as a common medication for pregnancy delay to enable corticosteroid administration as well as maternal transfer to advanced car...

X-ray transients (XTs) driven by newborn magnetars from mergers of neutron star binaries (NSBs) were occasionally detected in the narrow-field {\it Chandra} Deep Field-South survey (CDF-S) and the {\it Swift}/XRT observations of short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs). Quantifying their event rate density (ERD) and luminosity function (LF) is critical for u...

Background To assess the relationship between perinatal factors, and echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) dimensions after delivery in infants who are large for gestational age (LGA). Methods This prospective cohort study that was conducted between 2014 and 2018, and involved healthy LGA newborns born ≥ 35 weeks’ gestation, delivered at New Yor...

Tanjung Sawit Village, Tapung District, Kampar Regency's Javanese Mitoni heritage. Suhartini & Baharudin (2021), namely the values of cooperation, entertainment, morality, religion, and beauty. Descriptive analysis using a qualitative approach is the methodology employed in this study. Observation, interviews, and documentation are the methods of d...

ABSTRACT Background Graves’ disease is an autoimmune thyroid disorder that poses significant risks during pregnancy, affecting both the mother and fetus. Case Presentation We present four cases of neonatal Graves’ disease arising in the offspring of two women treated for Graves’ disease, highlighting the disease's transient but potentially severe i...

Background The global neonatal mortality rate is due to miss the third Sustainable Development Goal of 12 deaths per 100 live births by 2030. However, medical devices can play a crucial role in improving the quality of care given to neonates, helping to reduce the rate further. Methods This study focuses on quantifying the availability of syringe...

Data-driven decision making will be instrumental in reducing maternal mortality, newborn mortality, and stillbirth levels in the coming years as the Sustainable Development Goal targets draw near in 2030. Tailoring evidence to be context-specific is crucial to target relevant questions, priorities, and needs. In doing so, there remains value in gro...

Institutional delivery services are crucial for improving maternal and neonatal health. Their utilization is influenced by diverse socio-economic and geographical determinants, as seen in Gandaki Province, Nepal. The study assessed the determinants of institutional delivery using 206 observations drawn from primary sampling unit which has used NDHS...

Background/Objectives: Breastfeeding is a cornerstone of infant nutrition, promoting optimal development and health benefits for both mother and child. Despite high initiation rates in Poland (97%), exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) drops sharply, reaching only 4% by six months postpartum. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with br...

Joanna Francis and Louise Wake explore a new tool from the Maternity and Newborn Safety Investigations programme that aims to promote equity in maternity investigations

Our 1996 article, “Face preference at birth” (Valenza et al., 1996), sparked much interest and was followed, over the past 3 decades, by many studies on newborns’ and young infants’ face processing skills. The present article revisits that previous article’s theoretical and methodological background and highlights its contribution to our understand...

Background Physiological jaundice of the newborn is usually benign condition. Hyperbilirubinemia occurs as a result of postnatal breakdown of hemoglobin F and functional failure of the neonatal liver. Neonatal physiologic jaundice is seen in approximately two-thirds of term infants. Fifteen percent of neonatal jaundice reaches the pathological leve...

Objective To evaluate the association between umbilical cord pH at birth and neurodevelopment in 3‐year‐old offspring. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we identified 71 680 term deliveries in Japanese women recruited to the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) between January 2011 and March 2014. Data on singleton pregnancies inv...

This case report discusses a rare presentation of transient neonatal pustular melanosis (TNPM) in a full-term newborn. The female infant, born via vaginal delivery at [38 weeks], presented shortly after birth with characteristic pustular lesions that rapidly evolved into hyperpigmented macules, a hallmark of TNPM. The pustules, which appeared on th...

In recent years, a number of observational studies have been published in neonatology-focused journals that modify American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) evidence-based guidelines, as outlined in the Red Book and other publications authored by the AAP Committee on the Fetus and Newborn and the AAP Committee on Infectious Diseases, for the treatment o...

Background: The Gerakan Sayang Ibu (GSI) is a movement implemented by the community in collaboration with the government to improve the quality of life for women, particularly by accelerating the reduction of maternal mortality during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum (Manuaba, 2019).Objectives: The study aims to explore the implementation of t...

Background: The rate of maternal death is too high. In 2020, 287,000 women lost their lives both during and after becoming pregnant and giving birth. In 2020, low- and lower-middle-income countries accounted for nearly 95% of all maternal deaths, the majority of which could have been avoided. The study aimed to determine factors associated with mat...

Background: Assisted vaginal birth (AVB) refers to the obstetric procedure commonly performed during the second stage of labor, aimed to expedite delivery after evaluating alternatives options of cesarean birth or expectant management. Objective : To evaluate the risk factors for assisted vaginal births (AVB) and to compare perinatal factors and ou...

Introduction Infants who are born very preterm experience frequent episodes of physiological instability including apnoea, oxygen desaturation and bradycardia due to immaturity of the pulmonary and nervous systems. Parental contact, such as kangaroo care, may reduce physiological instability. However, there may be long periods when parents cannot b...

Background An episiotomy is making a controlled incision to the perineal region to enlarge the vaginal opening to facilitate difficult childbirths. According to evidence-based guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO), it is not recommended that this procedure be performed routinely due to its detrimental effects on mothers’ postpartum qu...

Background: The analysis of posture in the early stages of motor development has always been a subject of research and study. With the evolution of new technologies, the need arises to implement evaluation tools that allow an objective and effective assessment of postural control, which is intrinsically linked to motor development. Objectives: The...

Placental pathology is a recognized factor contributing to perinatal adverse health outcomes, and it might be linked to the growth of the placenta, potentially being evaluated through indirect physical measurements. Objective: To examine the average weight of the placental tissue and its association with newborn weight. Methods: The study, conducte...

Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation is a rare intracranial arteriovenous malformation, coexistence with aortic arch anomalies is even more uncommon, carry high risk of morbidity and mortality related to endovascular procedure and poor neurological outcome. Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation is a dilated venous pouch, a persistence of the embry...

p> OBJETIVO : Comparar las concentraciones séricas maternas y neonatales de selectina E soluble en preeclámpticas y embarazadas normotensas. METODOLOGÍA : Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en 180 embarazadas (grupo A; 90 preeclámpticas y grupo B; 90 embarazadas normotensas) que asistieron al Hospital Central Dr. Urquinaona, Venezuela. Se e...

Purpose Otoacoustic emission (OAE) is a widely utilized method for screening newborns for congenital hearing loss. While OAE-based screening has high sensitivity, it is associated with high false-positive rates when conducted shortly after birth. Previous studies found that infants delivered by cesarean section show higher false-positive rates. Non...

Neonatal thermal protection remains a significant global issue and a challenge for medical professionals. Maintaining the newborn in a natural thermal environment is essential by keeping them on their mother's belly for as long as possible. Objective: The current study aimed to compare the change in newborns mean body temperature after skin-to-skin...

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the hearing screening results of newborns of COVID-19 positive mothers. Method: This retrospective study was conducted in a training and research hospital in Turkey between January 2021 and January 2022. A total of 737 women with pregnancy who tested positive for COVID-19 were hospitalized in the related in...

Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious condition mainly affecting newborns, especially preterm or low birth weight ones, with a poor prognosis. The present study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the diagnostic value of intestinal-type fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) in NEC through meta-analysis. Methods Relevant documents on...