Neurophysiology - Science topic

Ding et al. (2016, 2017) introduced a MEG/EEG paradigm in which monosyllabic words are auditorily presented at a fixed rhythm. It has been shown that when these sequences are built by phrases and sentences of fixed lengths, the peaks at their frequencies can be measured in the power spectrum density (PSD) of the whole trial. The interpretation of t...

The past few years have seen a surge in the application of quantum-like (QL) modeling in fields such as cognition, psychology, and decision-making. Despite the success of this approach in explaining various psychological phenomena, there remains a potential dissatisfaction due to its lack of clear connection to neurophysiological processes in the b...

This article reviews the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying nociception during the infusion of iodinated contrast media (ICM) in computed tomography (CT). It describes how rapid hemodynamic and osmotic changes activate vascular nociceptors, generating transient sensations such as intense warmth, urinary urgency, metallic taste, dry mouth, and...

Consumers increasingly demand extraordinary experiences and businesses want to provide such experiences to build loyalty and increase customer lifetime value. One of the most significant aspects of consumer experiences is employee-customer interactions. We hypothesized that the value of customers' experiences would be reflected in the neurophysiolo...

Age-related alterations in GABAergic function, including depletion of cortical GABA concentrations, is likely associated with declining cognitive performance in normative aging. However, the extent to which GABAergic function is perturbed in the highest-functioning stratum of the oldest-old (85+) population is unknown. For the first time, we report...

Food addiction is associated with attention bias and response inhibition deficits, while the relationship between these two domains is unclear. Participants with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 and exhibiting food addiction behaviors (FA group, n = 20) were compared with healthy controls (HC group, n = 23). We examined attention-inhibition mechanisms us...

Introduction Khan Kinetic Treatment (KKT) utilizes high-frequency, small-amplitude sinusoidal waves to activate neuromuscular structures to treat neck and back pain. It integrates biomechanics, physical therapy, and neurophysiology. Despite its global use, KKT is not included in clinical guidelines for neck and back pain due to limited data on its...

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique with the potential for inducing neuroplasticity and enhancing cognitive and clinical outcomes. A unique feature of tACS, compared to other stimulation modalities, is that it modulates brain activity by entraining neural activity and oscillation...

Recognizing epilepsy through neurophysiological signals, such as the electroencephalogram (EEG), could provide a reliable method for epilepsy detection. Existing methods primarily extract effective features by capturing the time-frequency relationships of EEG signals but overlook the correlations between EEG signals. Intuitively, certain channel si...

Living low–training high may promote favourable physiological adaptations and improvement of exercise performance in normoxia following training at altitudes above 1500 m. Whether and how physiological adaptations to training high interact with the perception of effort remains unknown. This perspective article aims to carve out potential contributo...

Spreading depolarizations (SD) in the cerebral cortex are a novel mechanism of lesion development and worse outcomes after acute brain injury, but accurate diagnosis by neurophysiology is a barrier to more widespread application in neurocritical care. Here we developed an automated method for SD detection by training machine-learning models on elec...

The market uptake of Brain-Computer Interface technologies for clinical and non-clinical applications is attracting the scientific world towards the development of daily-life wearable systems. Beyond the use of dry electrodes and wireless technology, reducing the number of channels is crucial to enhance the ergonomics of devices. This paper present...

Next-generation neurostimulators capable of running closed-loop adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) are about to enter the clinical landscape for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Already promising results using aDBS have been achieved for symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity and motor fluctuations. However, the heterogeneity of freezing...

Sleep is thought to play a critical role in the retention of memory for past experiences (episodic memory), reducing the rate of forgetting compared with wakefulness. Yet it remains unclear whether and how sleep actively transforms the way we remember multidimensional real-world experiences, and how such memory transformation unfolds over the days,...

The chapter considers issues of sleep ontogenesis from the prenatal period to adolescence and the neurobiological basis of changes in the structure of sleep as the brain matures, including the neurophysiological features of sleep in newborns, sleep state organization in premature infants, and the importance of fetal/neonatal rapid eye movement slee...

Brain biometrics has received increasing attention from the scientific community due to its unique properties in comparison to traditional biometric methods. Many studies have shown that EEG features are distinct among individuals. SSVEP signals, generated by stationary localized sources and distributed sources in the parietal and occipital regions...

Although immersive technologies such as virtual reality are constantly growing for personal and professional purposes, their use can often induce a transient state of discomfort known as cybersickness, resulting in numerous symptoms and perceptive-motor vulnerability. In an attempt to develop leads to mitigate cybersickness, encouraging findings ha...

Objective This study is a cohort study of depressive disorder patients with liver qi stagnation syndrome specified under the theory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (ICWM). They were measured hemodynamic activity, using fNIRS assessment with verbal fluency task (VFT) pre-treatment and post-treatment, to examine the neurophysiological char...

Anxiety is an interactive disorder of the mind and body, characterized by excessive worry about uncertain future events and a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. Previous studies have shown that slow, deep breathing can reduce physical tension, and anxiety. Although we know that slow and deep breathing techniques can effectively regulate a...

Introduction: Alexithymia is a multidimensional construct characterized by difficulties in identifying and describing emotions, distinguishing emotional states from bodily sensations, and an externally oriented thinking style. Although the prevalence in the general population is around 10%, it is significantly higher in clinical groups, including t...

Finding neurophysiological research participants can be challenging, especially when the technology used in the research study is less known, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Despite this well-known phenomenon, there is limited literature investigating the factors involved in willingness to participate and perceived barriers from th...

Background: The GRIN2A gene and its product protein have been linked to a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders named GRIN2A-related disorders. Clinical presentation is highly variable and characteristically includes acquired cognitive, behavioral, and language impairment, as well as epilepsy, ranging from benign forms to severe epileptic e...

Background In the context of social exclusion, individuals tend to make choices that are advantageous to themselves and optimize their interests. Due to hearing impairment, deaf college students face more social exclusion in our society. However, the neural mechanisms of reward processing in deaf college students during different situations of soci...

Purpose Repetitive head impact exposure, from contact and collision sports, are increasingly being attributed to increased risk of neurodegenerative disease in aging athletes. This exploratory study investigated the association of playing career in retired professional contact sport athletes with cortical neurophysiology via transcranial magnetic s...

The performance of routine action sequences constitutes a significant proportion of human behaviour, and has received much attention in the cognitive psychology literature. However, a neuroanatomically plausible explanation of the cognitive processes underlying this routine sequential behaviour has hitherto remained elusive. This is despite wide ac...

The intricate role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in regulating cardiac physiology has long been recognized. Aberrant function of the ANS is central to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. It stands to reason, therefore, that neuroscience‐based cardiovascular therapeutics hold great promise in the treatment of cardiovascular disea...

Background ADHD manifests differently across genders, with females often underdiagnosed due to more internalizing symptoms such as inattention, emotional dysregulation, and anxiety. Males, in contrast, tend to display externalizing behaviors such as hyperactivity and impulsivity, leading to earlier and more frequent diagnoses. These diagnostic disp...

A ubiquitous phenomenon observed along the ventral stream of the primate hierarchical visual system is the suppression of neural responses to familiar stimuli at the population level. The observation of the suppression of the neural response in the early visual cortex (V1 and V2) to familiar stimuli of size that are multiple times larger in size th...

The relationship between physical activity, sleep quality, and mental health is multifaceted and vital for maintaining overall well-being. Regular physical activity plays a crucial role in enhancing psychological health, improving sleep, and increasing life satisfaction. Exercise has been consistently linked to reduced symptoms of depression, anxie...

Objectives Genetic‐associated epilepsy in the Indonesian population is rarely discussed, and no study was specifically studied about photosensitive epilepsy. The fundamental goal of this research endeavor was to evaluate whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the Bromodomain‐Containing Protein 2 (BRD2) gene gives vulnerability to photo...

Objective. Humans spend a significant portion of their lives in sleep (an essential driver of body metabolism). Moreover, as sleep deprivation could cause various health complications, it is crucial to develop an automatic sleep stage detection model to facilitate the tedious manual labeling process. Notably, recently proposed sleep staging algorit...

Objective Although the role of subcortical structures in the generation of epileptic spasms has been proposed, supporting evidence remains limited. This study aimed to provide neurophysiological evidence of thalamocortical network involvement during epileptic spasms. Methods We analyzed four patients (ages 2.7–16.9 years) with epileptic spasms who...

Characterization of postreceptoral chromatic mechanisms is an active challenge in color vision research. Adding to evidence from human psychophysics and primate neurophysiology, human neuroimaging using electroencephalography (EEG) in combination with steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) has recently been used to investigate the tuning...

Purpose A growing number of research studies have explored the potential effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on brain physiology as well as clinical effects particularly related to stress and anxiety. However, there currently are limited studies showing functional changes during different frequencies of stimulation and laterality effects trans...

Objective This study aims to investigate the relationship between the subjective performance evaluations on pilot trainees' aircraft control abilities and their brainwave dynamics reflected in the results from EEG microstate analysis. Specifically, we seek to identify correlations between distinct microstate patterns and each dimension included in...

Amphibian conservation concerns frequently center on the idea of ‘saving’ them, with the underlying assumption they are the passive victims of anthropogenic environmental change. But this approach ignores the physiological, biochemical, and behavioral flexibility amphibians have employed since they first evolved ~365 million years ago. One overlook...

Ideally, pediatric electroencephalograms (EEGs) should be performed by accredited neurophysiology technologists and interpreted by specialists trained in epileptology However, low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) lack such specialists. Aim To collate expert consensus on essential curriculum content for non‐epilepsy specialists in EEG interpret...

Introduction Neurophysiological activity, as noninvasively captured by electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG), demonstrates complex temporal fluctuations approximated by typical variations around the mean values and rare events with large amplitude. The statistical properties of these extreme and rare events in neurodynamics may reflect...

This paper introduces the hypothesis of Psychedelic Iatrogenic Structural Dissociation (PISD), proposing that psychedelics may reactivate dissociated traumatic material, increasing the risk of psychological destabilization in trauma-exposed individuals. Grounded in structural dissociation theory, this framework suggests that psychedelics can disrup...

Random noise stimulation (tRNS) applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) enhances fluency and originality in verbal divergent thinking tasks. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of this behavioral change remain unclear. Given that the DLPFC is a key node of the executive control network (ECN) and that creativity is a two-stage pr...

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have emerged as an alternative intervention for symptoms of psychological and psychiatric conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and emotional discomfort. Over the last ten years, MBIs have established a growing body of evidence that shows cognitive and neurophysiological benefits. Depression and anxiety are...

Empirical findings indicate that conscious states are linked to long-range synchronized activity patterns that result from phase transitions and exhibit the key features of self-organized criticality. This article builds a bridge between these neurophysiological characteristics of consciousness and the framework of quantum electrodynamics (QED), wh...

People with bipolar disorder (BD) present with mood instability resulting from more frequent and intense emotions in response to environmental conditions relative to healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the time course of emotion regulation strategies, distraction, and reappraisal in euthymic BD patients (i.e., normal mood ran...

Parietal alpha and theta power predict cognitive training gains in middle-aged adults. Research on executive functions training shows inconsistent outcomes, with factors like age, baseline cognitive abilities, and personality traits implicated as predictive of training gains, while limited attention has been given to neurophysiological markers. The...

Objectives Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) is a rare autosomal recessive organic acidaemia caused by deficiency of the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase enzyme. We describe the outcomes following deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the management of dystonia of children and adults with glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1). Methods Cases with GA1 were identified fr...

OBJECTIVE Epilepsy surgery is underutilized globally due to patient and/or caregiver reluctance and neurologist knowledge gaps. In Pakistan, the treatment gap is 70%–94% for medically refractory epilepsy (MRE). This study assessed the knowledge and practices of neurologists and patients to identify barriers to adequate epilepsy surgery provision in...

Anti-GQ1b negative Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is an uncommon variant of the classic MFS, a condition that is typically characterized by a triad of ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and areflexia, often accompanied by the presence of anti-GQ1b antibodies. In patients with anti-GQ1b negative MFS, these characteristic clinical features are observed despite th...

p>Mathematical anxiety (MA) negatively affects all aspects of activities related to manipulating numbers, both in education and in everyday life. MA is negatively associated with mathematical self-efficacy, subjective value of mathematics, attitude, and interest towards mathematics. Individuals with pronounced MA have a lower need for cognitive loa...

Chronic pain is a prevalent yet often under-recognized symptom among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting 29–86% of the population. This condition can significantly impact the individuals' functionality, including their capacity to engage in professional activities. The pathophysiology underlying this condition remains intricate and...

Background Human predictive capacity underlies its adaptive strength but also the potential for existential terror. Grounded in the predictive processing framework of brain function, we recently showed using a magnetoencephalogram visual mismatch-response (vMMR) paradigm that prediction-based self-specific neural mechanisms shield the self from exi...

Disrupted gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Reductions in hippocampal GABAergic neurons have been found in schizophrenia, and increased hippocampal perfusion has been described in schizophrenia and in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHRp). We have also found decrease...

In graph theory, “multilayer networks” represent systems involving several interconnected topological levels. One example in neuroscience is the stratification of connections between different cortical depths or “laminae,” which is becoming noninvasively accessible in humans using ultrahigh-resolution functional MRI (fMRI). Here, we applied a multi...

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a highly heritable brain disorder marked by a wide range of changes throughout the central nervous system. These changes include alterations at the molecular and cellular levels, suggesting significant disruptions in synapse function, as well as modifications in brain structure and activity. However, it remains unclear, how c...

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic condition with multifaceted physical, behavioural and cognitive difficulties that is characterized by hyperphagia and low executive functioning. Food-seeking behaviours may be moderated by hormonal, cognitive, and psychological factors, and are thought to be mediated in part by functional brain abnormal...

Seminal frameworks of predictive coding propose a hierarchy of generative modules, each attempting to infer the neural representation of the module one level below; the predictions are carried by top-down feedback projections, while the predictive error is propagated by reciprocal forward pathways. Such symmetric feedback connections support visual...

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures originating from the cortex, amygdala and especially hippocampus. While two-thirds of TLE patients achieve seizure control through medication, approximately one-third remain refractory to pharmacological interventions. For these individuals, surgic...

Uncertainty is a fundamental aspect of the natural environment, requiring the brain to infer and integrate noisy signals to guide behavior effectively. Sampling-based inference has been proposed as a mechanism for dealing with uncertainty, particularly in early sensory processing. However, it is unclear how to reconcile sampling-based methods with...

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on reactive inhibitory control in college students with internet addiction, examining both behavioral and electrophysiological changes over time. Methods A longitudinal study design was adopted, involving 48 male college students with internet addiction who were randomly as...

Recent studies have linked non‐invasive transcranial direct‐current stimulation (tDCS) with altered neural processing near the site of stimulation and across a distributed network of brain regions, with some evidence for a possible therapeutic role. However, negative results also exist and the potential impacts on motor‐related neural oscillations...

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with a wide range of cognitive and neurophysiological dysfunctions and long-term social difficulties. Early detection is expected to reduce the burden of disease by initiating early treatment. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that integration of multiple simultaneous acquisitions of neu...

Misophonia is a condition characterized by intense, involuntary distress or anger in response to specific sounds, often leading to irritation or aggression. While the condition is recognized for its emotional and behavioral impacts, little is known about its physiological and perceptual effects. The current study aimed to explore the physiological...

Introduction In aviation, exceptional visual perception is crucial for pilots to monitor flight instruments and respond swiftly to deviations, as well as make rapid judgments regarding environmental changes, ensuring aviation safety. However, existing research on pilots’ visual perception has predominantly focused on behavioral observations, with l...

Mental fatigue is a transient psychophysiological state characterized by impaired cognition and behavior across a range of dynamic contexts. Despite increasing interest in this phenomenon, its (neuro)physiologic representations remain unclear. This systematic review aimed to quantify the range of (neuro)physiologic outcomes and methodologies used t...

Consciousness is a phenomenon that justifiably attracts pensive attention. And despite centuries of contemplation and decades of research, consciousness remains an elusive and poorly defined matter. Its nature, composition, and characteristics are hotly debated. The explanatory gap between phenomenal consciousness and the functions of neurobiologic...

The 2024 Lancet Commission on Dementia estimates that up to 45% of dementia cases could be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors, emphasising both prevention opportunities and the need to understand the biological mechanisms. This study investigated neurophysiological mechanisms underlying modifiable dementia risk factors in cognitively u...

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Subunit Beta-1 (GABRB1) is a crucial component of the GABA_A receptor, the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor in the central nervous system (CNS). GABRB1 plays an essential role in modulating synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and various neurophysiological processes. Mutations and dysreg...

While the mouse visual system is known to differ substantially from the primate, if the two systems share computational principles, then generalization of results across species may still be possible. One prominent difference is that orientation selectivity is found in mouse superficial superior colliculus (SC), but is not commonly observed in prim...

Brain tissue as a material presents unique properties with a multitude of cell types and densities, varying degrees of axonal fiber diameters and blood vessels. These neural components are contained within a very viscous environment that upon impact, can result in a variety of tensile, compressive and rotational forces. The depths of the sulcus app...

Electrodiffusion plays a crucial role in modulating ion channel conductivity and neural firing dynamics within the nervous system. However, its influence on neural function remains underexplored. In this work, we introduce a novel Gauss-Nernst-Planck (GNP) approach to investigate how electrodiffusive dynamics influence ion channel rectification and...

Background: Schimke immune-osseous dysplasia (SIOD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the SMARCAL1 gene, characterized by immune deficiency, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, and growth retardation. Its prevalence is estimated at 1 in 1 to 3 million individuals. Although there have been significant advances in understanding...

Algorithm-based decision support systems are increasingly employed across various decision environments. This article investigates how algorithmic support influences the human decision-making process from a neuro-information systems (neuro-IS) perspective. The goal of this study is twofold: first, to elucidate the cognitive mechanisms behind the ad...

This report presents an open-source dataset investigating neurodevelopmental profiles in children. The dataset consists of EEG, ERP, and cognitive assessments from 100 Iranian non-clinical participants (age range 6–11 years, Mean = 8.52 ± 1.5 SD). Notably, this is a smaller group drawn from a larger longitudinal ongoing study. The research aligns w...

Background Changes in brain connectivity during development are thought to reflect organizational and maturational processes that correspond to skill acquisition in domains like motor, language, and cognition. This theory is supported by findings in typically developing children as well as observations of abnormal connectivity among children with n...

Mammalian neurophysiology vitally depends on the stable functioning of transmembrane, pore-forming voltage-sensing proteins known as voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVChs). Deciphering the principles of NaVCh spatial organization can illuminate fundamental structure-function aspects of pore-forming proteins and offer new opportunities for pharmacol...

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that can cause lifelong impairment, so early and accurate diagnosis is of particular importance. One of the possibilities to improve the reliability of schizophrenia diagnostics may be the use of machine learning to classify electroencephalogram (EEG) data from patients of healthy subjects. In our recent wor...

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) will revolutionize the way people with severe impairment of speech production can communicate. While current efforts focus on training classifiers on vast amounts of neurophysiological signals to decode imagined speech, much less attention has been given to users’ ability to adapt their neural activity to improve BCI...

This systematic review evaluates the diagnostic yield of investigations requested for children with developmental regression. Online databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane were searched to identify published records that reported a diagnostic yield for children with developmental regression. Random effects meta-analyses were performe...

Ocular artifacts can significantly impact electroencephalography (EEG) signals, potentially compromising the performance of neurofeedback (NF) and brain-computer interfaces (BCI) based on EEG. This study investigates if the Approximate Joint Diagonalization of Fourier Cospectra (AJDC) method can effectively correct blink-related artifacts and pr...

Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide, often resulting in muscle weakness and impaired postural control that hinder functional independence. Traditional rehabilitation strategies have shown limited effectiveness in fully restoring motor function. Plyometric exercise, characterized by rapid, explosive movements, has emerged as a promisin...

This exploratory observational study analyzed the neuropsychophysiological effects of Functional Neurology interventions on semicircular canal dysfunction, with a focus on enhancing neuromuscular responses and pain perception. A cohort of 45 healthy volunteers, comprising both males and females with an average age of 26.5 years, participated in thi...

Chronic migraine (CM) is a highly disabling condition, affecting about 2% of the global population. Non-pharmacological treatments can be optimal for their non-invasive nature. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial aimed to test the efficacy of therapeutic neuroscience education (TNE) in CM. Early response biomarkers were als...

Background/Objectives: Hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a rare disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid in the heart and peripheral nerves, particularly affecting small fibers. This study aims to evaluate autonomic cardiac involvement in ATTRv. Methods: Twelve patients with ATTRv and twelve sex- and age-matched hea...

Background: Aberrant gamma oscillations in major depressive disorder (MDD) have attracted extensive attention, but evidence delineating such neural signatures is lacking. The auditory steady-state response (ASSR) elicited by periodic auditory stimuli is a robust probe of gamma oscillations. Here, we sought to characterize early transient auditory e...

The ability to anticipate rhythmic and melodic structures in music is considered a fundamental human trait, present across all cultures and predating linguistic comprehension in human development. Yet, it remains unclear the extent to which this ability is already developed at birth. Here, we used temporal response functions to assess rhythmic and...

Background Magnetic Seizure Therapy (MST) is an emerging psychiatric physical therapy in recent years, and the MST technique induces seizures by stimulating the local cortex. Numerous studies have shown that compared to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), magnetic shock therapy (MST) has relatively little effect on cognitive function, and thus has cer...

Emerging pathological and neurophysiological evidence has highlighted the cerebellum’s involvement in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to explore the potential of cerebellum-derived magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics in distinguishing PD patients from healthy controls (HC). A retrospective analysis was conducted using three-dimens...

Repetitive TMS (rTMS) is a powerful neuroscientific tool with the potential to noninvasively identify brain–behavior relationships in humans. Early work suggested that certain rTMS protocols (e.g., continuous theta-burst stimulation, intermittent theta-burst stimulation, high-frequency rTMS, low-frequency rTMS) predictably alter the probability tha...