Neurophysiology - Science topic

Dear Colleagues, Cerebral hemispheres were believed to be the same and, therefore, function in a very similar way. Paul Broca in the 19th century demonstrated that, for most of the population, the language area was in the left hemisphere. However, it was not until the middle of the 20th century, when the discovery that the size of the planum tempo...

Diagnosis of malocclusion of the teeth associated with evident neuromuscular dysfunction is a specialized professional skill requiring at least a basic knowledge of the mechanisms of the brain that underlie sensation, perception, learning, memory, and motor control of muscles. A thorough analysis of these mental events is presented in this presenta...

Many studies have attempted to analyze the main neurophysiological characteristics of emotional response, but few have been carried out at early ages, including adolescence or early adulthood. The main objective of the present study is to assess the electrophysiological correlates of emotional response in adolescents and young adults through electr...

A comprehensive neural model of language must accommodate four components: representations, operations, structures and encoding. Recent intracranial research has begun to map out the feature space associated with syntactic processes, but the field lacks a unified framework that can direct invasive neural analyses. This article proposes a neurocompu...

Even prior to producing their first words, infants are developing a sophisticated speech processing system, with robust word recognition present by 4–6 months of age. These emergent linguistic skills, observed with behavioural investigations, are likely to rely on increasingly sophisticated neural underpinnings. The infant brain is known to robustl...

We analyze the concept of "affordance" in ecological psychology and the concept of "Turing machine" drawn from computation. We propose that Turing's theory of computation supports Gibson's ecological theory of affordances as entities perceived directly—without invoking representations—as the configurations of Turing machines. Our arguments draw on...

(1) Background: Chronic migraine is a debilitating neurological condition affecting millions worldwide. This study delves into the facial point-of-care (POC) thermographic patterns of women with chronic migraine, aiming to shed light on the condition’s pathophysiology and diagnostic potential. (2) Methods: Using infrared POC thermography, the facia...

Background Stroke is a leading cause of lifelong disability worldwide, partially driven by a reduced ability to use the upper limb in daily life causing increased dependence on caregivers. However, post-stroke functional impairments have only been investigated using limited clinical scores, during short-term longitudinal studies in relatively small...

Purpose Reduced spinal excitability during the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) silent period (SP) has recently been shown to last longer than previously thought in the upper limbs, as assessed via spinal electrical stimulation. Further, there is reason to expect that contraction intensity affects the duration of the reduced spinal excitabil...

This paper traces elements of the theoretical origins of artificial intelligence to capitalism, not neurophysiology. It considers efforts in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries to formalize a science of mental behaviour using the dynamics of social rather than neural phenomena. I first revisit early American theorists’ controversial ambivalenc...

This narrative review explores the complex relationship between aerobic exercise (AE) and neuropathic pain (NP), particularly focusing on peripheral neuropathies of mechanical origin. Pain, a multifaceted phenomenon, significantly impacts functionality and distress. The International Association for the Study of Pain’s definition highlights pain’s...

Background Mindfulness training programs and non-invasive brain stimulation are both evidence-based interventions that have applications in mental health disorders. While both have showed promising results on a range of symptoms related to mental health, their combination has more recently grabbed the attention of researchers. There is a theoretica...

Anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation is an important environmental factor affecting the functionality of biological systems. Sensitivity to various frequencies of electromagnetic radiation has been detected in ixodid ticks in the past. However, the physiological aspects of radiation effects have not yet been studied in ticks. In the presented ex...

(1) Background: Osteopathy in the cranial field (OCF) is a distinctive approach within osteopathy, focusing on the cranial region’s manual manipulation. Nevertheless, OCF fosters doubt in the scientific community because it refers to out-of-date models. This perspective paper critically analyzes the current knowledge in the fields of neurophysiolog...

The brainstem is a fundamental component of the central nervous system yet it is typically excluded from in vivo human brain mapping efforts, precluding a complete understanding of how the brainstem influences cortical function. Here we use high-resolution 7 Tesla fMRI to derive a functional connectome encompassing cortex as well as 58 brainstem nu...

Objectives The aim of this review is to provide an overview on prevalence and clinical tools for the diagnosis of apathy, as well as on neurophysiological and neuroimaging findings obtained from studies in patients with apathy in different forms of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular (VaD) and mixed dementia, frontotemporal demen...

Purpose of Review Despite increasing evidence on the association between childhood motor problems and the subsequent risk of psychosis, at least in offspring of patients with severe mental illness, this possible heterotypic outcome of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) remains undervalued and poorly acknowledged. This review th...

A relevant number of cancer patients who receive potentially neurotoxic cytostatic agents develop a chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy over time. Moreover, the increasing use of immunotherapies and targeted agents leads to a raising awareness of treatment-associated peripheral neurotoxicity, e.g., axonal and demyelinating neuropathies such...

While physical performance has long been thought to be limited only by physiological factors, many experiments denote that psychological ones can also influence it. Specifically, the deception paradigm investigates the effect of psychological factors on performance by manipulating a psychological variable unbeknownst to the subjects. For example, d...

Judging someone who harmed another has been proposed to rely on distinct cognitive processes that evaluate the victim's outcome and the intention to harm. When harm is accidental, cognitive tension may arise in judges because considerations about the victim's harm may conflict with the examination of the perpetrator's innocent intention. The goal o...

Streszczenie DENEMS stanowi sposób myślenia o całokształcie procesu usprawniania rozwijającego się człowieka, od momentu urodzenia do zakończenia procesów wzrostowych. W podejściu tym kierunek terapii nadają trzy istotne zmienne: wiek, poziom niepełnosprawności, dominujący typ zaburzeń napięcia mięśniowego (hiper-, hipotonia) i ruchu (dyskineza). S...

Music therapy, which is widely recommended for patients living with chronic problems, is actually a mind-body therapy. This therapy, which has been used clinically for more than a century, is one of the oldest treatment methods and is known to have been used in the treatment of patients in various cultures for four thousand years. Music therapy, kn...

Background. Research has shown that pressure in the vaginal birth process aids the infant’s neurophysiological adaption to extrauterine life, including their ability to regulate their responses to diverse sensory stimuli. As pressure is absent in elective caesarean section births, we hypothesised that these children may be at higher risk for develo...

It has been found that fractal-like patterns are present in the temporal structure of the variability of healthy biological rhythms, while pathology and disease lead to their deterioration. Interestingly, it has recently been suggested that these patterns in biological rhythms are related with each other, reflecting overall health or lack of it, du...

The brain performs diverse and complex operations effortlessly. Its sensitivity to minute stimulus changes, and precision in scaling sensory magnitudes, are yet to be understood by scientists. Nevertheless, its vast vault is accessible through well-established psycho-physical principles for dealing with sensory, mental, and all intangible phenomena...

In this first-of-its-kind neurophenomenological study we investigated the dynamic configuration and the levels of variability of the "Self"-, "Me"-, and "I"-components that comprise a complex experiential Selfhood across 16 distinct modes covering a range of healthy-normal, altered, and pathological brain states. The phenomenology was addressed by...

As the global population ages, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is surging. These disorders have a multifaceted pathogenesis, entwined with genetic and environmental factors. Emerging research underscores the profound influence of diet on the development and progression of health conditions. Intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary pattern...

Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a zinc finger transcription factor, is found in different human tissues and shows diverse regulatory activities in a cell-dependent manner. In the brain, KLF4 controls various neurophysiological and neuropathological processes, and its contribution to various neurological diseases has been widely reported. Parkinson's...

Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the SARA-CoV-2, characterized by high infectivity and incidence. Clinical data indicates that COVID-19 significantly damages patients’ perception, motor function, and cognitive function. However, the electrophysiological mechanism by which the dis...

Eugenol, the major active ingredient of clove oil, is widely used for anesthesia in fish. Yet virtually nothing is known about its effects on CNS functions, and thus about potential interference with neurophysiological experimentation. To address this issue, we employed a neuro-behavioral assay recently developed for testing of water-soluble anesth...

Adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) is a promising concept in the field of DBS that consists of delivering electrical stimulation in response to specific events. Dynamic adaptivity arises when stimulation targets dynamically changing states, which often calls for a reliable and fast causal estimation of the phase and amplitude of the signals. He...

Brain–computer interface (BCI) technology has emerged as an influential communication tool with extensive applications across numerous fields, including entertainment, marketing, mental state monitoring, and particularly medical neurorehabilitation. Despite its immense potential, the reliability of BCI systems is challenged by the intricacies of da...

CITATION Ammar A, Boujelbane MA, Simak ML, Fraile-Fuente I, Trabelsi K, Bouaziz B, Rizzi N and Schöllhorn WI (2023) Exploratory study of the acute and mid-term effects of using a novel dynamic meeting environment (Aeris R) on cognitive performance and neurophysiological responses. The purpose of the present study was to assess the acute and mid-ter...

One of the major consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic has been the significant incidence of persistent fatigue following resolution of an acute infection (i.e. post-COVID fatigue). We have shown previously that, in comparison to healthy controls, those suffering from post-COVID fatigue exhibit changes in muscle physiology, cortical circuitry, and...

In the last ten years, technological innovations have led to the development of new, advanced sensory stimulation (SS) tools, such as PC-based rehabilitative programs or virtual reality training. These are meant to stimulate residual cognitive abilities and, at the same time, assess cognition and awareness, also in patients with a minimally conscio...

A crucial aspect of auditory perception is the ability to use sound cues to predict future events and to time actions accordingly. For example, distinct smartphone notification sounds reflect a call that needs to be answered within a few seconds, or a text that can be read later; the sound of an approaching vehicle signals when it is safe to cross...

The new approach in cognitive science largely known as “4E cognition” (embodied/embedded/enactive/extended cognition), which sheds new light on the complex dynamics of human consciousness, seems to revive some of Aristotle's views. For instance, the concept of “nature” ( phusis ) and the discussion on “active intellect” ( nous poiêtikos ) may be pa...

Relationship between stiffness of genioglossi (GG) and geniohyoidei (GH) muscles under electric hypoglossal nerve stimulation therapy (HNS) in relation to success of therapy was investigated with additional special focus on tongue movement. Patients and Methods: Clinical and sleep laboratory parameters of a cohort of 18 patients with known shear wa...

Background: By using outcome prediction scores, it is possible to distinguish between good and poor performers with cochlear implants (CI) after CI implantation. The reasons for poor performance, despite good basic conditions, can be manifold. On the one hand, the postoperative fitting may be inadequate; on the other, neurophysiological disease pro...

Sound reporting of research results is fundamental to good science. Unfortunately, poor reporting is common and does not improve with editorial educational strategies. We investigated whether publicly highlighting poor reporting at a journal can lead to improved reporting practices. We also investigated whether reporting practices that are required...

A recent study demonstrated that noninvasive measurements of cortical hemodynamics and metabolism in the resting human prefrontal cortex can facilitate quantitative metrics of unilateral mitochondrial-hemodynamic coupling and bilateral connectivity in infraslow oscillation frequencies in young adults. The infraslow oscillation includes three distin...

Anhedonia is characterized by reduced motivation, decreased sensitivity to rewards, and diminished pleasure. However, no direct neurophysiological method is available to assess motivational anhedonia with disrupted reward anticipation. We established a novel physiological paradigm using cortical direct current (DC) potential responses in rats to as...

What physiological role does a slow hyperpolarization‐activated ion channel with mixed cation selectivity play in the fast world of neuronal action potentials that are driven by depolarization? That puzzling question has piqued the curiosity of physiology enthusiasts about the hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) channels, whic...

Social anxiety is closely associated with abnormal attentional bias toward threatening stimuli. Although working memory plays an important role in the relationship between anxiety and attentional bias, few studies have determined whether and how visual working memory load affect attentional bias in socially anxious individuals. More importantly, th...

The ability for hypnotic responding is marked by great inter-individual variation in the population, while the neural underpinning of this variability remains elusive. The current work leveraged multivariate statistics and machine learning to probe the neural dynamics underlying inter-individual differences in hypnotic susceptibility. We assessed t...

Flexible updating of information in Visual Working Memory (VWM) is crucial to deal with its limited capacity. Previous research has shown that the removal of no longer relevant information takes some time to complete. Here, we sought to study the time course of such removal by tracking the accompanying drop in load through behavioral and neurophysi...

Objective To review and analyze the functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities in the brain olfactory network (ON) of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with olfactory dysfunction (CRSwOD) and explore the relationship between these FC abnormalities and olfactory dysfunction, providing clues to the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying CRSwOD....

Introduction Findings based on the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation and electromyography (TMS-EMG) to determine the effects of motor lateralization and aging on intracortical excitation and inhibition in the primary motor cortex (M1) are inconsistent in the literature. TMS and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) measures the excitability of ex...

Sleep patterns in infancy and early childhood vary greatly and change rapidly during development. In adults, sleep patterns are regulated by interactions between neuronal populations in the brainstem and hypothalamus, driven by the circadian and sleep homeostatic processes. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the sleep patterns an...

What insects can see has been probed by over a century of behavioral experiments. Motion and color vision have also been studied through neurophysiology in insect brains. Here I study form vision by interpreting a neuronal wiring diagram of the Drosophila optic lobe. The Dm3 "line amacrine" cells are shown to divide into three cell types with orien...

Simple Summary The main objective of this work was to integrate a review of methodologies to estimate closed-loop baroreflex sensitivity, an index used for autonomic nervous system evaluations, into a new software package, CardioRVAR, developed for the R programming environment. We present the results obtained after applying the tool in different s...

With my retirement as a professor, I would like to review my 47-year history of studying and working at Juntendo University. I was admitted to Juntendo University School of Medicine in 1976, and after graduation I joined the Department of Neurology in 1982, where Professor Hirotaro Narabayashi was the founding chairman. I became particularly intere...

Textbook of neurophysiology covers nervous system and special senses physiology in detail. It's written in easy to understand and simple language. It includes 53 chapters and 333 pages. Multicolor line diagrams and flowcharts help students to quickly reproduce them in exams. Bird's eye view at hte begining of each chapter gives quick overview of ch...

Introdução. As ligas acadêmicas são espaços importantes na formação dos estudantes do campo da saúde, pois possibilitam experiências de ensino, pesquisa e extensão implicados com demandas sociais. Objetivo. Discutir o impacto da Liga Acadêmica de Neurociências da Universidade Federal da Bahia (NeuroLiga UFBA) na formação de estudantes de medicina e...

Our research aims to study how the neurophysiological waves generated in the brain change when a person receives from the work environment. Brain-computer analysis has identified that neurophysiological wave changes occur in the frontal lobe of the brain during the brain response. Based on brain-computer analysis, it was believed that different anx...

To investigate the genotype-to-protein-to-phenotype correlations of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), an inherited metabolic disorder of γ-aminobutyric acid catabolism. Bioinformatics and in silico mutagenesis analyses of ALDH5A1 variants were performed to evaluate their impact on protein stability, active site and co-factor...

p>The decomposition of neurophysiological recordings into their constituent neural sources is of major importance to a diverse range of neuroscientific fields and neuroengineering applications. The advent of high density electrode probes and arrays has driven a major need for novel semi-automated and automated blind source separation methodologies...

Migraine has been considered a chronic neuronal-based pain disorder characterized by the presence of cortical hyperexcitability. The Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) is the most explored electrophysiological index in migraine. However, the findings show inconsistencies regarding its functional significance. To address this, we conducted a review...

Zusammenfassung Der multiple Schlaflatenztest (MSLT) ist ein diagnostisches Instrument zur objektiven Bestimmung der Einschlafneigung am Tage. Er dient der Differentialdiagnostik der Narkolepsie, Hypersomnie und anderen Erkrankungen mit gesteigerter Tagesschläfrigkeit. Mittels Elektroenzephalographie, Elektromyographie des Kinns und Elektrookulogra...

This article explores the relationship between neurophysiology and phenomenology in the context of ambiguous figures. Divided into three parts, the study investigates new forms of stimulus and experience errors that arise from ambiguous figures. Part 1 discusses the limitations of a single-disciplinary approach and cautions against relying only on...

Prolonged cognitive effort can be considered one of the core determinants of mental fatigue and may negatively affect the efficacy and efficiency of cognitive performance. Metacognition—understood as a multi-componential set of skills concerning awareness and control of one’s own cognition—might reduce such negative outcomes. This study aimed to ex...

Background Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common compressive neuropathy, accounting for 90% of all neuropathies. Its prevalence ranges from 3.8%–7.8% in the population. The gold standard for its diagnosis is the neurophysiological study (85% sensitivity and 95% specificity), with the disadvantage of being invasive, complex and expensive,...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent, debilitating disorder with a high rate of treatment resistance. One strategy to improve treatment outcomes is to identify patient-specific, pre-intervention factors that can predict treatment success. Neurophysiological measures such as electroencephalography (EEG), which measures the brain’s e...

Introduction and Aim: The burden of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes will increase in the coming decade. Vitamin D deficiency and HbA1C variability are risk factors for diabetic neuropathy, and the association was studied in the present study. Materials and Methods: Data from 346 Type II diabetes patients reporting in a tertiary care Hospital in...

The evaluation of tactile sensitivity involving frictional behavior via computational models can further accelerate the development of industrial products in terms of usability. This study aimed to confirm the capability of a previously proposed mechano-neurophysiological model, representing the basic mechanical (i.e., finger skin deformation) and...

Brain and breathing activity are closely linked to each other. For instance, oscillations in breathing have been causally linked to oscillations in arousal and cognition. However, the exact neurophysiological mechanisms of brain breathing coupling are not yet agreed upon. In this perspective, we highlight two key dynamic mechanisms, namely brain br...

Malformations of cortical development such as polymicrogyria can cause medically refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy surgery (hemispherotomy) can be a good treatment option. In recent years, navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS), a noninvasive brain mapping technique, has been used to localize the eloquent cortex for presurgical evaluation o...

Artificial neural networks, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have shown remarkable performance in tasks like image classi- fication. However, their robustness under dendritic degradation remains a challenge. Inspired by neurophysiology, we propose a Probabilis- tic Dendritic Activation (PDA) method to improve CNNs’ resilience unde...

Face perception is a fundamental aspect of human social interaction, yet most research on this topic has focused on single modalities and specific aspects of face perception. Here, we present a comprehensive multimodal dataset for examining facial emotion perception and judgment. This dataset includes EEG data from 97 unique neurotypical participan...

Quantitative information about synaptic transmission is key to our understanding of neural function. Spontaneous synaptic events carry important information about synaptic efficacy and plasticity. However, due to their stochastic nature and low signal-to-noise ratio, reliable and consistent detection of these events in neurophysiological data remai...

To examine the biological building blocks of thought and action, we created biologically realistic local circuits based on detailed well-cited physiological and anatomical characteristics. These biomimetic circuits were then integrated into a large-scale model of cortical-striatal interactions for category learning. The model was not trained on, bu...

Les effets placebo et nocebo sont des phénomènes psychobiologiques puissants qui sont influencés par les attentes du patient et le contexte dans lequel le traitement est reçu. Ces effets peuvent avoir un impact significatif sur la perception des symp