Neurology - Science topic

Background: Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitors are routinely used to manage motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease (PD). We assessed the effect of opicapone on motor symptom severity in levodopa-treated patients without motor complications. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, 24-week, placebo-controlled study of opicapone...

A subdural empyema is a rare form of neurologic infection that can be attributed to a primary source of infection 60–70% of the time. Cases that cannot be attributed to a primary infection source are rare and deemed cryptogenic. Subdural empyema (SDE) is a rare but potentially life-threatening intracranial infection that is invariably fatal if left...

Backgrounds: Neurophobia is a fear of neurology among medical students. Early detection is necessary for prevention and further treatment because neurophobia will have a negative impact on patient care. The objective of this study is to investigate the occurrence of neurophobia among medical students. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study...

Citation: Ivanova S, Gvozdeva Y, Staynova R, Grekova-Kafalova D, Nalbantova V, Benbassat N, Koleva N, Ivanov K (2025) Essential oils-a review of the natural evolution of applications and some future perspectives. Pharmacia 72: 1-12. https://doi. Abstract Since ancient times, essential oils (EOs) have been used, thoroughly explored, and regarded as...

Background The movement disorder known as hemifacial spasm is characterized by involuntary contractions of the muscles that are innervated by the facial nerve. The treatment of choice for this condition is botulinum toxin injections. Objective To analyze the botulinum toxin dosage in patients undergoing treatment for hemifacial spasm during a 14-ye...

The pioneers of neurology in Japan were professors Hiroshi Kawahara and Kinnosuke Miura. Kawahara published the first description of progressive bulbar palsy and wrote the first neurology textbook in Japan. Miura, on the other hand, published studies about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in addition to participating in the founding of the Japanese S...

Background Electronic medical records (EMR) can be utilized to understand the impact of the disruption in care provision caused by the pandemic. We aimed to develop and validate an algorithm to identify persons with epilepsy (PWE) from our EMR and to use it to explore the effect of the pandemic on outpatient service utilization. Methods EMRs from...

Background: This study presents a comprehensive analysis of 135 cases of vestibular schwannoma (VS) treated between 2006 and 2022 at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases in Bucharest, Romania. The investigation focuses on the clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and demographic trends of VS patients, highlighting reg...

Background: Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of discharge planning teams in enhancing patient care. However, there is lack of data regarding how the implementation of a discharge planning system influences the length of stay (LOS) in hospital and readmission rates among patients with neurological diseases. We conducted a retrospective...

The recent identification of Piezo ion channels demonstrating a mechano-sensitive impact on neurons revealed distinct Piezo-1 and 2 types. While Piezo-1 predominates in neurons linked to non-sensory stimulation, such as pressure in blood vessels, Piezo-2 predominates in neurons linked to sensory stimulation, such as touch. Piezo-1 and 2 have a majo...

As deep neural networks continue to excel across various domains, their black-box nature has raised concerns about transparency and trust. In particular, interpretability has become increasingly essential for applications that demand high safety and knowledge rigor, such as drug discovery, autonomous driving, and genomics. However, progress in unde...

This work is part of a project inscribed in a widespread movement that shows growing dissatisfaction with objectifying and depersonalizing approaches in psychotherapy and proposes a return to the centrality of the therapist/patient relationship. In this work we illustrate what are the characteristics of an interpersonal relationship in "second pers...

To assess the predictive accuracy of advanced AI language models and established clinical scales in prognosticating outcomes for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This retrospective cohort study included 82 patients suffering from aSAH. We evaluated the predictive efficacy of AtlasGPT and ChatGPT 4.0 by examining the area und...

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) versus tenecteplase in minor non-disabling acute ischemic stroke. This retrospective observational study utilized data from our stroke database. All consecutive patients with minor non-disabling acute ischemic stroke treated with either DAPT or tenecteplase between January 2020...

Migraine is one of the most common neurological diseases in society and has a significant disability impact. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, migraine is one of the most common neurological disorders in the world, with a greater disability burden than other neurological disorders. In data science, data classification plays an import...

Background The burden of dementia is expected to increase owing to the rapidly increasing number of aged populations across the world. It is widely reported that risk of developing dementia is high in women compared to men and the contributing factors resulting these discrepancies are not well understood. In this context, the goal of the current st...

Background Plasma biomarkers such as neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and phosphorylated tau‐181 (p‐tau‐181) have been thoroughly investigated in Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. However, further investigations into how biological variables can influence biomarker concentrations in both normative and cognit...

Background Recent growth in the functionality and use of technology has prompted an increased interest in the potential for remote or decentralised clinical trials in dementia. There are many potential benefits associated with decentralised medication trials, but the field is currently lacking specific recommendations for their delivery in the deme...

Background This study aims to investigate the differential patterns of association in tau protein imaging across cortical regions using two distinct Tau imaging agents: [18F]MK6240 and [18F]Flortaucipir. The underlying hypothesis posits that variations in the properties of these tracers, such as affinity and off‐target effects, influence the observ...

Background With the approval of Lecanemab in Japan following the U.S., biomarker‐based diagnosis of AD will be required in daily practice. However, PET or CSF are limited by cost, low availability, and invasiveness. In addition, frequent MRI is required to monitor amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), an adverse event unique to anti‐Aβ anti...

Several new blood‐based biomarkers (BBMs) of Alzheimer’s disease and related neuropathologies have completed late‐stage validation and are beginning to be used in the clinical setting. However, the role of BBMs in various clinical settings, especially their specific context‐of‐use, remains an open question for the field. Several studies are beginni...

Background Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a progressive neurodegenerative syndrome that can result from several underlying neuropathologies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Little is known about the utility of blood plasma measures to predict PET biomarker confirmed AD in CBS. Method Eighteen CBS patients (8 PET Aβ+; 10 PET Aβ‐) and 8 cognitiv...

Background The roles of reactive astrogliosis in response to the accumulation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) and early tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been more elucidated. Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has taken the spotlight, following phosphorylated tau (p‐tau), in evaluating patients with AD. In this study, we aimed to a...

Background In a 16‐week, 91‐patient placebo‐controlled clinical study in DLB (“AscenD‐LB”;NCT04001517), neflamapimod improved outcomes on the CDR Sum‐of‐Boxes (p = 0.023 vs. placebo) and Timed Up and Go test (p = 0.044 vs. placebo). Further, at the higher of two dose levels in the study neflamapimod also improved (p = 0.049 vs. placebo) outcomes in...

Background This study aims to investigate the differential patterns of association in tau protein imaging across cortical regions using two distinct Tau imaging agents: [18F]MK6240 and [18F]Flortaucipir. The underlying hypothesis posits that variations in the properties of these tracers, such as affinity and off‐target effects, influence the observ...

Fremanezumab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway, and gepants, small molecule CGRP receptor antagonists, are both approved for the treatment of migraine or its symptoms. This study assessed effectiveness, tolerability, and migraine-related healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) after the additio...

We are presenting a case of Graves’ disease with acute deterioration in mental status secondary to moyamoya syndrome that developed because of untreated severe thyrotoxicosis. The patient did not respond well to medications used to treat thyrotoxicosis and underwent plasmapheresis aiming to improve symptoms and neurologic outcome. After one session...

The blood-brain barrier, essential for protecting the central nervous system, also restricts drug delivery to this region. Thus, delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier is an active research area in immunology, oncology, and neurology; moreover, novel methods are urgently needed to expand therapeutic options for central nervous system patho...

Introduction Core outcome sets (COS) are increasingly being developed for routine care, but it is unclear how they compare to COS for research for a given condition, particularly regarding recommended outcomes. If similar, embedding COS within clinical practice creates opportunities for improving data for real-world evidence. This work aims to comp...

The usage of digital twins (DTs) is growing across a wide range of businesses. The health sector is one area where DT use has recently increased. Ultimately, the concept of digital health twins holds the potential to enhance human existence by transforming disease prevention, health preservation, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Big data’s exp...

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNets) are considered benign, but can be invasive. They are classified by their size (microadenomas, macroadenomas, and giant adenomas), by their clinical manifestations (functioning, non-functioning), and by the hormonal content detected by immunocytochemistry. PitNets show slow growth, occupying the sellar regio...

Background Ancillary tests are often used in the determination of death by neurologic criteria (DNC), especially when the clinical examination is inconclusive. DNC is widely accepted, as defined by the comprehensive report of the World Brain Death Project. However, there are several medical, legal, religious, ethical, and social controversies. Acco...

At first, raw EEGs may seem like an unsolvable puzzle. But once you learn what to look for, the patterns become clear. In the top section of this post, you'll see examples of raw EEGs from two different patients (young vs. old). These examples show typical signals, such as eye blinks. We can see the appearance of alpha waves in occipital electrodes...

Convulsões durante a gestação são eventos neurológicos raros, mas com implicações significativas na morbimortalidade materna e fetal. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os protocolos de emergência aplicados em unidades de pronto atendimento, abordando as causas, diagnóstico diferencial e manejo terapêutico das convulsões gestacionais. Foi real...

Background Previously, the Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration (FTD) Center developed and validated criteria to stratify pedigrees of patients with FTD by likelihood of identifying a genetic etiology (Wood, JAMA Neurol., 2013). Pedigrees were classified as high‐risk, medium‐risk, low‐risk, apparent sporadic, or unknown significance. Genetic testing fo...

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS) has traditionally been managed as a neuromuscular disorder. However, recent evidence suggests involvement of non-motor domains. This study aims to evaluate the impact of APOE and MAPT genotypes on the cognitive features of ALS. We included confirmed ALS cases from the Neurology department at Razi University Hospit...

The repair of nerve damage has long posed a challenge owing to limited self-repair capacity and the highly differentiated nature of nerves. While new therapeutic and pharmacologic interventions have emerged in neurology, their regenerative efficacy remains limited. Tissue engineering offers a promising avenue for overcoming the limitations of conve...

This case report aims to shed more light on the increasingly described scenario of extrahepatic central nervous system (CNS) manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We present a possible rare case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis manifesting as ring-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head study conducte...

Objective: To design and implement a specialized nurse decision support system in the Department of Neurology and explore its effectiveness in preventing stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). Methods: A decision support module for specialized nurses was developed based on SAP-graded prevention strategies. A total of 664 neurology inpatients admitted t...

Rett Syndrome (RTT) adalah gangguan perkembangan neurologis pasca kelahiran yang terkait dengan kromosom X, disebabkan oleh mutasi pada gen yang mengkode methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). MeCP2 berfungsi sebagai regulator transkripsi, baik sebagai penghambat maupun aktivator gen targetnya, sehingga memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga homeostas...

Background and Objectives: Occupational identity (OI) is a crucial factor in occupational therapy evaluations and interventions which is not investigated in chronic conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The Occupatinal Identity Questionnaire (OIQ) is an appropriate tool for assessing occupational identity. As a result, this research aims t...

Three-dimensional representations of cortico-subthalamic connectivity through directional deep brain stimulation (DBS) in a Parkinson’s disease patient. The brain models highlight the spatial distribution of DBS-induced volumes of tissue activation (VTAs) targeting the central and posterior subthalamic nucleus (STN). From left to right, the images...

Objetivo: Describir los indicadores bibliométricos y las tendencias en la producción científica de la Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría, recientemente indexada en Scopus. Materiales y métodos: Se desarrolló una estrategia de búsqueda para la recopilación de las publicaciones registradas por Scopus durante el período 2020-2024. Las variables recolectadas...

Localisation in neurology is an important step in determining the location of a neurological lesion based on history taking and clinical examination before confirmation with imaging. Lesions can vary from the cortical to the subcortical, brainstem, and spinal cord levels, in which every presentation and finding from the patient can provide a rough...

Neuroimaging has significantly advanced our understanding of brain structure and function in both healthy and diseased states. However, due to the brain's complexity, a comprehensive approach involving multiple imaging techniques is necessary. This review provides an overview of the integration of various imaging modalities in neurology, particular...

This paper aims to explore the intersection of neurology, psychology, and sociology in understanding the neurological basis of cult behavior. Through the examination of cognitive, emotional, and social factors that contribute to the development of extreme belief systems, we hypothesize that certain neurological disorders may predispose individuals...

Objective The study aims to identify characteristics that impact the postoperative prognosis and recurrence of intracranial dissecting aneurysms (IDA) patients treated using multi-stent overlapping techniques. Methods Clinical data from 69 IDA patients treated with multistate-assisted spring coil embolization at the hospital between January 2017 a...

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Parkinson Hastalığında (PH) ince bağırsak bakteri aşırı çoğalması (SİBO) konusunda 2024 öncesi yayınlanan makalelerin niteliksel özelliklerinin araştırılması ve ileride yapılacak çalışmalar için araştırmacılara yol gösterilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Web of Science veri tabanında arama kriterlerine “Parkinson Disease”...

A troublesome pronunciation issue for Spanish EFL learners is the past -ed ending of regular verbs. Neuro linguistic Programming (NLP) is a perspective integrating neurology, language and programming which are key for processing information and for responding to learners’ styles with the potential to help EFL teachers address this pronunciation iss...

In this research we study several statistical methods for feature extraction from Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Signals and classification of these signals to two classes: epileptic and healthy, based on the extracted features. We, then, apply automated feature extraction techniques by means of deep learning using several Artificial Neural Network (...

This case reinforces the necessity of thorough echocardiographic assessment in patients with cardioembolic events and AF, including both the left and right heart chambers. Simultaneous thrombus formation in both atria is rare but carries significant risks, necessitating prompt and coordinated multidisciplinary intervention to prevent adverse outcom...

Objectives: Severe early-onset scoliosis (EOS) can be addressed by different growth-friendly approaches, although the indications of each technique remain controversial. The aim of this study was to compare, in a large series of patients, the potential and limitations of the different distraction-based surgical techniques to establish the most suit...

En sus 40 años de historia, la revista Acta Neurológica Colombiana ha contribuido significativamente a la producción y difusión de literatura científica de alta calidad, a nivel nacional e internacional. En los últimos años, hemos implementado diversas actualizaciones en nuestras políticas y procesos editoriales, con el objetivo de alcanzar los est...

Elektroensefalografi (EEG) merupakan alat diagnostik yang sangat penting dalam penilaian epilepsi, karena kemampuannya untuk mendeteksi aktivitas listrik otak yang abnormal. Tujuan dari literature review ini adalah untuk mengulas peran EEG dalam diagnostik epilepsi, dengan fokus pada efektivitasnya dalam deteksi awal dan pemantauan kondisi pasien....

Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is characterized classically by progressive and symmetrical motor weakness and areflexia. We describe a case of GBS with initially preserved reflexes and power, leading to delayed diagnosis, who latterly required urgent ventilator support and plasmapharesis to highlight the importance of considering atypical presentati...

The 6th Symposium on Gene therapy and Stem Cells and Cancer was held virtually. This symposium was held in cooperation with the Development Headquarters of Stem Cell Sciences and Technologies of the Vice President for Science and Technology and Tehran University of Medical Sciences. On the first day of this symposium, more than 1,200 people parti...

Abstrak Kata kunci : kegawatan neurologi, ketidakseimbangan elektrolit Kegawatdaruratan neurologi dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu kondisi di bidang neurologi yang memerlukan tindakan segera dan bila tidak dilakukan dapat menimbulkan morbiditas bahkan mortalitas. Diagnosa kegawatdaruratan ini ditegakkan atas dasar anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik dan...

BACKGROUND: Balance deficits in stroke survivors can be attenuated through appropriate training procedures. AIM: In the current investigation, we aimed to compare gains in dynamic balance between a training protocol employing progressive visual and tactile/proprioceptive constraints against balance training under full sensory information in stroke...

Neuroimaging is a paramount element for the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, a condition characterized by signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure without the identification of a mass or hydrocephalus being recognized. The primary purpose of this review is to deliver an overview of the spectrum and the specific role of t...

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi keterkaitan kompleks antara tumor pankreas, hipoglikemia, dan kejang sebagai manifestasi klinis. Tumor pankreas, sebagai kelainan jaringan di organ pankreas, memiliki potensi untuk mengganggu regulasi glukosa dan memicu hipoglikemia melalui pelepasan insulin berlebihan. Kelebihan insulin tersebut dapat menyebabkan keja...

Postpartum fatigue (PPF) is a common issue affecting mothers, characterized by reduced capacity for physical and mental activity in the weeks to months following delivery. While often attributed to the demands of infant care, severe or atypical PPF can signal an underlying medical condition, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In this narrative review...

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Alzheimer's disease represents one of the most significant challenges in the field of neurology, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. In pursuing efficacious treatments, lecanemab has emerged as a promising therapeutic option. This pioneering monoclonal antibody targets and reduces amyloid-beta plaques in the brain, a defining feature of Al...

Background Sleep disorders are a common health problem that can be classified into many types that are distinguished by their history and characteristics. In this case report, we discuss a case of a patient suffering from recurrent unusual prolonged sleep attacks lasting up to 9 days that responded excellently to levetiracetam. Case presentation A...

Neurotrauma, stroke, and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are symptomatically diverse and etiologically complex central nervous system pathologies. Despite numerous therapeutic modalities that are available to minimize neurologic damage and secondary injury, the prognosis can still be dismal and unpredictable. Nanoparticle (NP) technology allows for d...

Objective: To analyze the effect of the high-risk fall care program based on the “safety-support-cooperation” model in neurological profound. Methods: 80 patients who were admitted to the Department of Neurology from December 2021 to December 2023 were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, and were treated with conventiona...

Background: Chronic low back pain has an impact on the patient’s life socially,financially, and psychologically, and little data is dealing with the effect of physiotherapy on improving this psychological burden. Objectives: to assess the effect of physiotherapy on depression, anxiety, and stress in those patients. Method: cross-sectional study was...

BACKGROUND: Neurological disorders are common with increasing prevalence worldwide. The pattern of their presentation at Abakaliki Nigeria is not known. It is against this background that we embarked on this retrospective observational study on the pattern of neurological disorders in an Adult neurology clinic at Abakaliki Nigeria. METHOD: This is...

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for initial and recurring strokes. Objective: To determine medication adherence and blood pressure control among stroke survivors. Methods: This one-year cross-sectional study recruited 95 consenting neuroimage-confirmed stroke patients attending the neurology clinic with confirmed hypertension. Strok...