Neurological Diseases - Science topic

Echinacea angustifolia is a perennial plant that has been traditionally used to treat various microbial diseases. This study evaluated the in vitro antiviral properties of an ethanolic extract of E. angustifolia against bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). BoHV-1 infection is associated with respiratory, reproductive and neurological disease in catt...

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by recurrent seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of tDCS on oxidative stress, Ca²⁺, glutamate, GABA, AMPAR1, and NMDAR1 levels in kindling-induced epilepsy model. Behavioral tests evaluated motor and cognitive functi...

The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1, first isolated in 1996 in China, spread rapidly across Eurasia and caused major epizootics in wild and domesticated birds, as well as spillover infections in humans characterised by high mortality. Avian influenza viruses are therefore candidate viruses for a human pandemic. Surprisingly, HP...

Optogenetics, as an emerging interdisciplinary technology, has enabled the precise manipulation of neuronal activity by combining optical and genetic approaches. This paper summarizes the application of optogenetics in neuroscience and behavioral research and introduces its research background and topics. The application of optogenetics in neuronal...

Plant alkaloids are used in a variety of medicines, such as anti-cancer drugs and analgesics. Among these plant alkaloids, galanthamine is an Amaryllidaceae type alkaloid with acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity used in the treatment of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Although the chemical synthesis of galanthamine has been...

Our sense of time is fundamental to interacting with the world in a goal-directed manner, with decisions underpinning goal pursuit utilising timing circuits in the seconds-to-minutes range. A reduction in goal-directed behaviour — apathy — is common in Huntington’s disease (HD), but no work has examined whether altered time perception could be a co...

Background: Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a biomarker for astrocytic injury and astrogliosis. Concentrations are elevated in numerous neurological disorders, including a pronounced increase in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, GFAP levels in the serum also increase with age. Consequently, the integration of GFAP levels into clini...

Purpose: This study aims to assess thalamocortical tract fiber injury using diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) and to characterize metabolic alterations in the dorsal thalamus with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Methods: A prospective study involved 98 CSM patients and 66 age-matched...

Flexible strain monitoring of hand and joint muscle movement is recognized as an effective method for the diagnosis and rehabilitation of neurological diseases such as stroke and Parkinson's disease. However, balancing high sensitivity and large strain, improving wearing comfort, and solving the separation of diagnosis and treatment are important c...

In this study, we present PATHOS (PATHologies of HOmo Sapiens), a semantically rich knowledge graph constructed by integrating diverse datasets spanning multiple biomedical entity types. PATHOS provides a comprehensive resource for representing and exploring the intricate relationships underlying human diseases. To leverage this resource, we develo...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive symptoms, underscoring the urgent need for predictive blood biomarkers. Plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a promising platform for biomarker development, with neurofilament light chain (NfL) emerging as a potential candidate for neurological disease...

Introdução Canabinóides são substâncias naturais derivadas da Cannabis sativa L. ou compostos sintéticos que possuem a capacidade de realizar ações de canabinóides derivados de plantas ou que possuem estruturas que se assemelham aos canabinóides vegetais. Estudos indicam resultados benéficos de medicamentos com canabinóides em diversas condições de...

The Alzheimer's disease (AD) research field has entered a new era, where our fundamental understanding of the pathophysiology of AD and advances in biomarkers have not only allowed for earlier, timely, and accurate detection and diagnosis of the disease, but that amyloid removal has been shown to be associated with signals of slowing cognitive and...

Ceramides are lipids that play vital roles in complex lipid synthesis, membrane function, and cell signaling. Disrupted ceramide homeostasis is implicated in cell-death and several neurologic diseases. Ceramides are often analyzed in tissue, but this approach fails to resolve cell-type differences in ceramide homeostasis that are likely essential t...

Fahr’s syndrome also known as idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC) is a notably rare neurological disease with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and genetic heterogeneity, resulting from symmetric bilateral calcification commonly in basal nuclei and cerebellum. Regardless of being a rare disorder, Fahr's can have a dramatic effe...

Background: Many people have suffered from coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) which was declared pandemic in 2020. More than a year ago, vaccination against COVID-19 offered hope of controlling this pandemic. Recent studies have reported that COVID-19 vaccine can boost immune responses, However, it triggers several neurological diseases such as multiple s...

Background: The clinical evaluation for disuse muscle atrophy usually depends on qualitative rating indicators with subjective judgments of doctors and some invasive measurement methods such as needle electromyography. Surface electromyography, as a non-invasive method, has been widely used in the detection of muscular and neurological diseases in...

Objective Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary etiology of lower respiratory tract infection in children. The fluctuating incidence of RSV, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, has shifted the spotlight onto preventive strategies. Our study aims to investigate both the risk factors and clinical symptoms of RSV. Materials and...

Objective This study explored how the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and a body shape index (ABSI) are related to serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels among U.S. adults. We aimed to evaluate sNfL, which plays key roles in neuronal injury in neurological diseases, given its understudied connection to obesity. Methods We used cross-secti...

Abstract Three cases of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis are reported. One case was associated with an interscalene brachial plexus block, another with the insertion of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator, and a third case had undergone a coronary artery bypass grafting operation. In only one of these cases, there was a causal association, while i...

Background Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is characterized by cerebrospinal fluid circulation disorders, and presents as gait and balance disturbances similar to those observed in other incurable neurological diseases. Although previous studies have reported deficits in bimanual coordination among patients with iNPH, these potentia...

With increasing age comes the inevitable decline in proteostasis, where chaperone and co-chaperone activity be-comes imbalanced. These changes lead to global disturbances and pathogenic rewiring of the chaperone system intoepichaperones consisting of protein networks that are ultimately dysfunctional. Such imbalances in proteostasis mayfavor mechan...

Brain takes up approximately 20% of the total body oxygen and glucose consumption due to its relatively high energy demand. Glucose is one of the major sources to generate ATP, the process of which can be realized via glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathways and others. Lactate serves as a hub molecule amid these metabolic...

Objectives No standard, objective diagnostic procedure exists for most neurological diseases causing tremors. Therefore, drawing tests have been widely analyzed to support diagnostic procedures. In this study, we examine the comparison of Archimedean spiral and line drawings, the possibilities of their joint application, and the relevance of displa...

Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) é uma comorbidade que provoca diversas complicações nos pacientes, muitas vezes exigindo o uso de várias medicações. Entre elas, destaca-se a eritropoietina recombinante humana (rHuEPO), amplamente utilizada para tratar anemia secundária. No entanto, estudos sugerem que a rHuEPO pode ter um papel além da eri...

Introdução. A tecnologia assistiva é um termo que indica todos os produtos, instrumentos, estratégias, serviços e práticas que auxiliam nas funções do cotidiano dos indivíduos com alguma deficiência ou incapacidade sendo dividida em categorias. Objetivos. Identificar as principais tecnologias assistivas existentes para pacientes neurológicos adulto...

Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) are present in almost all cells of the immune system, including B cells, T cells, NK (Natural Killer) cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes, as well as the epithelial cells of many organs such as the intestine, pancreas, prostate, lungs, and cardiomyocytes. In addition, some immune cells, including dendritic cells, macrop...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health concern. It remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. TBI pathology involves complex secondary injury cascades that are associated with cellular and molecular dysfunction, including oxidative stress, coagulopathy, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, neurotoxicity, and bloo...

Infrared thermography is a non-invasive imaging diagnostic modality used in veterinary medicine as a screening tool, especially in cases of musculoskeletal and neurological diseases. The infrared camera is able to measure the body's surface heat and produce a map with different shades of colors that represent the distribution of heat in the body. D...

Purpose Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a complex neurological disease characterized by symptoms of raised intracranial pressure of unclear etiology. Although optic nerve sheath dilation is a common MR neuroimaging feature of IIH, how and why it occurs remains poorly understood. The purpose of the presented analysis was to investigate...

Background and Objectives Disorders of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis comprise a group of 11 clinically and genetically heterogeneous rare primary mitochondrial diseases. We sought to delineate clinical, biochemical, and neuroimaging features of these disorders, together with outcomes after oral CoQ10 supplementation and the utility of periphera...

Neurodegeneration is preeminent in many neurological diseases, and still a major burden we fail to manage in patient’s care. Its pathogenesis is complicated, intricate, and far from being completely understood. Taking multiple sclerosis as an example, we propose that neurodegeneration is neither a cause nor a consequence by itself. Mitochondrial dy...

Background: Caecal volvulus in the paediatric population is uncommon, yet at worst this condition is a life-threatening surgical emergency. In children, caecal volvulus can be associated with a variety of predisposing factors such as chronic constipation, intestinal malrotation, or neurological disease. Case Representation: We present a rare case o...

Equine neosporosis is an intracellular protozoan disease with a global distribution, affecting a diverse range of warm-blood-ed animals. Neospora caninum Dubey, Carpenter, Speer, Topper et Uggla, 1988 is associated with foetal loss, neurological disease and abortion in equids. No information was available regarding equine N. caninum infection among...

Recent large-scale genome-wide association and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies have uncovered disease-associated genetic risk factors and cell type-specific genetic alterations. However, our understanding of how these genetic variants cause diseases and the underlying mechanisms remains largely unknown. Functional genomics screens us...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in detecting and characterizing meningeal lesions, thus assisting in a possible ante mortem clinical diagnosis of intracranial diseases. Meningeal enhancement has been described as a sign of multiple central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate meningeal enhan...

Objective The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score has been indicated to be a novel indicator that reflects systemic inflammation and is associated with the functional outcome in various neurological diseases. Since inflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of status epilepticus (SE), this study aimed to explore the...

Sensing diverse human emotions offers significant potential for understanding deeper cognitive processes and diagnosing neurological diseases. However, capturing the full spectrum of emotions remains a significant challenge due to their intricate and subjective nature. Traditional emotion‐sensing techniques often focus on singular emotions, limitin...

The article aims to introduce the topic of epilepsy as one of the most common neurological diseases in children and adolescents, including children and adolescents attending school. Students with epilepsy are included in the group of students with special educational needs. The specificity and the treatment of this disease can adversely affect the...

Neurological diseases (NDs), including neurodegenerative disorders and acute injuries, are a significant global health concern. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, a crucial signaling cascade, is responsible for the survival of cells, proliferation, and metabolism. Dysregulation of this pathway has been linked to neurological conditions, indicating its pote...

Esta revisão sistemática investiga o uso da gameterapia como uma ferramenta de reabilitação para pacientes que sofreram um acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Realizamos uma busca abrangente de publicações científicas entre 2019 e 2024 nos bancos de dados BVS, Scielo, Google Acadêmico e PubMed. O objetivo desta revisão é sintetizar as evidências atua...

Neurosyphilis (NS) is a clinical condition caused by infection of the central nervous system (CNS) by Treponema pallidum (Tp) that can lead to asymptomatic meningitis and more serious neurological diseases, such as dementia and blindness. However, current studies on the pathogenesis of NS are limited. Here, through the integration analysis of prote...

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a covalently closed RNA molecule formed by back splicing. The role of circRNAs in posttranscriptional gene regulation provides new insights into several types of cancer and neurological diseases. CircRNAs are associated with multiple diseases and are emerging biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and treatment. The associations p...

Objective To analyze the association between chronic health conditions and severe acute respiratory syndrome in pregnant women. Method Retrospective, exploratory study conducted with 1,152 pregnant women from all 27 states of Brazil who sought hospital treatment and were diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome between 2020 and 2022. Publi...

Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into various neuronal cell types. In-depth research on NSCs has demonstrated their immense potential in treating neurological diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and neural injuries. Rapid advancements in NSC research are currently focused on NSC acquisition, i...

Recent advancements in deep brain stimulation (DBS) technology have shown significant promise in treating neurological disorders. However, research across different diseases often lacks a holistic approach, leading to limitations in treatment strategies and the selection of feedback signals. To facilitate the classification development of DBS techn...

Objective To analyze the association between chronic health conditions and severe acute respiratory syndrome in pregnant women. Method Retrospective, exploratory study conducted with 1,152 pregnant women from all 27 states of Brazil who sought hospital treatment and were diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome between 2020 and 2022. Publi...

Background: Concentrations of neurofilament light chain (NfL), a neuroaxonal damage marker, increase with age. Therefore, age-dependent reference values are important in clinical practice. However, so far these have only been established with a bead based system and age-dependent z-scores for CSF are missing. In addition, we here propose how the co...

Background Probiotics can colonize both the human and animal bodies and consist of active microorganisms that are beneficial to health. The use of probiotics has been shown to alleviate certain neurological diseases and disturbances in gut microbiota resulting from chronic ethanol exposure. Research indicates that probiotics can influence the nervo...

Venezuelan, eastern, and western equine encephalitis viruses (collectively referred to as equine encephalitis viruses---EEV) cause serious neurological diseases and are a significant threat to the civilian population and the warfighter. Likewise, organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNA) are highly toxic chemicals that pose serious health threats of neu...

Microglia, the brain-resident immune cells, orchestrate neuroinflammatory responses and are crucial in the progression of neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke (IS), which accounts for approximately 85% of all strokes worldwide. Initially deemed detrimental, microglial activation has been shown to perform protective functions in the isch...

The COVID-19 pandemic and increased demands for neurologists have inspired the creation of remote, digitalized tests of neurological functions. This study investigates two tests from the Neurological Functional Tests Suite (NeuFun-TS) smartphone application, the ″Postural Sway″ and ″Pronator Drift″ tests. These tests capture different domains of po...

Liver cirrhosis, a common liver disease, currently lacks specific targeted therapies. This study investigates the potential therapeutic effects of serum circulating proteins on cirrhosis from a genetic perspective, and identified six associated plasma proteins (SERPINA1, PSG5, NCAN, APOE, ADH1B, GM2A). To search for therapeutic drugs associated wit...

Therapeutic treatment of nervous system disorders has represented one of the significant challenges in medicine for the past several decades. Technological and medical advances have made it possible to recognize different neurological disorders, which has led to more precise identification of potential therapeutic targets, in turn leading to resear...

Accurate structural modeling of neurological disorder-causing proteins provides an important layer in unraveling the mechanism of disease and identifying therapeutic targets. This study utilizes AlphaFold 3, a state-of-the-art protein structure prediction platform, to model and interpret cis- and trans-pQTL-derived proteins associated with Alzheime...

Introduction: It is now known that the microbiota is far beyond the microbial communities living in certain parts of our body and functions like a metabolic organ. In addition, the microbiota, through its metabolites, is involved in the pathophysiology or progression of a wide range of diseases, from atherosclerotic diseases to metabolic diseases a...

West Nile Virus, an arthropod-borne RNA virus, may result in severe neurological disease. West Nile neuroinvasive disease is characterized by meningitis, encephalitis, and possible acute flaccid paralysis. Here, we report a case of neuroinvasive WNV in a 65-year-old woman hospitalized for hyperpyrexia, chills, intense asthenia, and continuous vomit...

The gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem of billions of microorganisms in the human digestive tract, plays a crucial role in maintaining health. Recent studies have highlighted a bidirectional communication pathway called the gut-brain axis between the gut and the brain. This communication is significantly influenced by gut microbiota and its intera...

Diacetylmorphine abuse is a major social problem that jeopardizes the world, and abuse can cause serious neurological disorders. Apoptosis plays an important role in neurological diseases. A previous study by our group found that the brain tissue of diacetylmorphine-addicted rats showed severe vacuole-like degeneration and increased apoptosis, but...

In neuroscience research, chiral metabolomics is an emerging field, in which D-amino acids play an important role as potential biomarkers for neurological diseases. The targeted chiral analysis of the brain metabolome, employing liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), is a pivotal approach for the identification of biomarkers...

Epilepsy remains a prevalent chronic neurological disease that is featured by aberrant, recurrent and hypersynchronous discharge of neurons and poses a great challenge to healthcare systems. Although several therapeutic interventions are successfully utilized for treating epilepsy, they can merely provide symptom relief but cannot exert disease-mod...

Background We assessed the correlation between optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) values measured by bedside ultrasound and intracranial pressure (ICP) changes among patients under neurocritical care and evaluated the diagnostic performance of ONSD for increased ICP. Methods Sixty-seven neurologically critical patients who were hospitalised in the...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disease that causes both motor and nonmotor symptoms. While our understanding of putative mechanisms has advanced significantly, it remains challenging to verify biomarkers with sufficient evidence for regular clinical use. Clinical symptoms are the primary basis for diagnosing the disease, whi...

Amentoflavone (AME) is a flavonoid compound found in over 120 plants. Its extensive pharmacological activity for treating cardiocerebrovascular diseases and neurological disorders have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. However, owing to the poor solubility and low bioavailability of AME, it has not been developed as a drug for...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from circulating metabolites and plays central roles in neurological diseases. Endothelial cells (ECs) of the BBB are enwrapped by mural cells including pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) that regulate angiogenesis, vessel stability and barrier function. To explore mural cell control...

Music-assisted physiotherapy is a treatment method applied by using music in a structured way in physiotherapy processes. The therapy helps patients’ recovery processes in many areas such as improving motor skills, muscle relaxation, pain management and psychological support. Especially thanks to the effect of rhythm on the regulation of motor move...