Neonatal Medicine - Science topic

Common Pediatric Diseases: Current Challenges provides an update on different diseases and problems that affect child and adolescent health. The book starts with a quick introduction to challenges in the field of pediatrics and child health. This is followed by chapters on the outcomes of sexting, the integrated care of children with neurodevelopme...

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) holds immense potential to manage critically deteriorating infants within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and is increasingly used in neonatal clinical practice worldwide. Recent ultrasound-based protocols such as the Sonographic Assessment of liFe-threatening Emergencies-Revised (SAFE-R) and Crashing Neonat...

BACKGROUND: The number of premature infants in the world and Russia increases annually, becoming a medical and social problem. Despite the achievements of modern neonatology and improvement of reproductive and intensive care technologies, more than 15 million infants are born prematurely annually worldwide. Prematurity is the leading cause of appro...

Background/aim: Congenital anomalies continue to be a challenge in neonatal medicine. Improving research and the consequent improvement of prevention and management requires a forensic audit of the frequency of each anomaly in children. Understanding the aetiology of congenital anomaly is important in prevention and in genetic counseling that ma...

Background Pre-eclampsia (PE) is one of the serious complications of pregnancy, and the management of PE remains an important problem for obstetricians. This study aims to identify the characteristics and trends of published articles on PE management through bibliometric analysis. Methods We searched Web of Science database for articles related to...

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of aminoglycosides and vancomycin is used to prevent oto- and nephrotoxicity in neonates. Analytical and nonanalytical factors potentially influence dosing recommendations. This study aimed to determine the impact of analytical variation (imprecision and bias) and nonanalytical factors (accuracy of dru...

Background The provision of neonatal care is variable and commonly lacks adequate evidence base; strategic development of methodologically robust clinical trials is needed to improve outcomes and maximise research resources. Historically, neonatal research topics have been selected by researchers; prioritisation processes involving wider stakeholde...

The development of artificial intelligence methods has impacted therapeutics, personalized diagnostics, drug discovery, and medical imaging. Although, in many situations, AI clinical decision-support tools may seem superior to rule-based tools, their use may result in additional challenges. Examples include the paucity of large datasets and the pre...

In 2004, the Neonatal Research Network of Japan initiated a database registration system for high-risk infants in Japan. Currently, 65% of all very low the birth weight infants or infants born at <32 weeks of gestation are registered in the database. Approximately 4,000 new cases are registered annually. A unique feature of the database is that it...

Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI-ML) implies the ability of machines to “think” and includes the ability of computers or programs to “learn” with experience. Smartphones that most of us carry epitomize the use of AI-ML in our daily lives as they continuously use this technology to improve their performance and engagement with the us...

Background: Reducing neonatal mortality of preterm infants is a public health priority in developing countries. The objective of this study was to study the risk factors for mortality of preterm infants in the neonatology department of UHCME-JEF. Methods: A retrospective, analytical study was done over 36 months (January 2019-December 2021) in the...

Esophageal atresia is a congenital malformation incompatible with life. Its management in our context is difficult. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical, therapeutic and epidemiological profile of esophageal atresia at the Mother and Child University Hospital of the Jeanne Ebori Foundation from 2019 to 2020. We conducted a retros...

Background: The objectives are to determine the incidence of malnutrition and anemia and evaluate the association between nutritional status and COVID-19-related clinical outcomes in children hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods: This multi-island inpatient survey presents data from nine hospitals in three Caribbean islands on children from birth to...

The productivity of kennels and catteries is directly linked to maternal prolificacy and neonatal survival. During the neonatal period, mortality is high, not only due to environmental factors after birth but also with regard to gestational fetal life, complications during delivery, and management errors. Neonatology is an area of veterinary medici...

Introduction: The partial oxygen pressure in the air decreases with increasing altitude. This study was designed to compare the pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) among well full-term neonates at different altitudes during their first 2 h after birth and to establish cutoff values of SpO2 identifying hypoxemia between 30 and 120 min after birth. Meth...

Cortical/cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is the most common cause of visual impairment in children in the developed world. CVI is defined as visual impairment occurring in the presence of a normal eye exam, or out of proportion with observed ocular pathology, and has been observed to be more common in very preterm infants than their full term coun...

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is of growing clinical and research significance. In vitro cfDNA models are a useful tool in cfDNA research; however, artifacts in these models may have implications for the interpretation of new and published data. This report aimed to establish how endogenous cfDNA in fetal bovine serum (FBS) may influence in vitro cfDNA mea...

Introduction We previously described preclinical literature, which supports umbilical cord blood-derived cell (UCBC) therapy use for perinatal brain injury. However, efficacy of UCBCs may be influenced by different patient populations and intervention characteristics. Objectives To systematically review effects of UCBCs on brain outcomes in animal...

Objective Despite longstanding and recurrent calls for effective implicit bias (IB) education in health professions education as one mechanism to reduce ongoing racism and health disparities, such curricula for neonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) are limited. We aim to determine the key curricular elements for educating NPM fellows, advanced practice...

Background Heterozygous de novo variants in SAMD9 cause MIRAGE syndrome, a complex multisystem disorder involving Myelodysplasia, Infection, Restriction of growth, Adrenal hypoplasia, Genital phenotypes, and Enteropathy. The range of additional clinical associations is expanding and includes disrupted placental development, poor post-natal growth a...

OBJECTIVE Despite longstanding and recurrent calls for effective implicit bias (IB) education in health professions education as one mechanism to reduce ongoing racism and health disparities, evidence-based IB curricula for neonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) are limited. We aim to determine the key IB curricular elements for teaching NPM fellows, ad...

The rise of machine learning in healthcare has significant implications for paediatrics. Long-term conditions with significant disease heterogeneity comprise large portions of the routine work performed by paediatricians. Improving outcomes through discovery of disease and treatment prediction models, alongside novel subgroup clustering of patients...

Background Machine learning has been attracting increasing attention for use in healthcare applications, including neonatal medicine. One application for this tool is in understanding and predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. In this study, we have carried out a systematic review to identify findings and challenges to date. Me...

In all critically ill patients, the first objective should always be to preserve life and prevent or minimize damage to vital organs such as the brain and kidneys. The introduction of mechanical ventilation into neonatal intensive care units improved the survival of sick newborn. Assisted ventilation has revolutionized the outcome of sick newborn i...

Background: Cerebral palsy is a heterogeneous condition that can cause a lifelong neurological impairments resulting from a non-progressive brain injury. It is commonly caused by antenatal, perinatal, and early postnatal and neonatal conditions. However, post-neonatal cases of acquired cerebral palsy have also been reported, and were commonly hcaus...

Background: This study aimed to analyze the clinical data of neonatal deaths in a tertiary children’s hospital in east China by investigating the causes and differences among neonatal deaths over the past ten years. By estimating the levels and trends of neonatal deaths, the treatment level could be improved, and preventive measures could be taken...

Background: This study aimed to analyze the clinical data of neonatal deaths in a tertiary children’s hospital in east China by investigating the causes and differences among neonatal deaths over the past ten years. By estimating the levels and trends of neonatal deaths, the treatment level could be improved, and preventive measures could be taken...

While heart rate variability (HRV) is a relevant non-invasive tool to assess the autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning with recognized diagnostic and therapeutic implications, the lack of knowledge on its interest in neonatal medicine is certain. This review aims to briefly describe the algorithms used to decompose variations in the length of...

Simulation has traditionally been used in neonatal medicine for educational purposes which include training of novice learners, maintaining competency of health care providers, and training of multidisciplinary teams to handle crisis situations such as neonatal resuscitation. Current guidelines recommend the use of simulation as an education tool i...

Purpose To describe drug utilisation patterns in neonatal units. Methods Retrospective observational cohort study using data held in the National Neonatal Research Database (NNRD) for neonatal units in England and Wales including infants born at 23 to 44 weeks’ gestational age (GA) from 01 January 2010 to 31 December 2017. Results The cohort incl...

Background Advances in perinatal and neonatal medicine have led to an increasing number of infants surviving extreme prematurity (≤27 weeks gestational age, GA). The goal of this study was to examine the respiratory outcomes after neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge of this vulnerable population. We hypothesized that the rates of respirat...

Objectives: Neonatal jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia is one of the common findings in neonatal medicine. Severe disease can cause neurological damage and even Kernicterus. Magnesium ion is the most important N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. The most commonly used treatment for jaundice is phototherapy, but the effect of phototherapy on ser...

Objective Discrete but ordered covariates are quite common in applied statistics, and some regularized fitting procedures have been proposed for proper handling of ordinal predictors in statistical models. Motivated by a study from neonatal medicine on Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD), we show how quadratic penalties on adjacent dummy coefficients...

Premature infants are at high risk of haemorrhage and thrombosis. Our understanding of the differences between the neonatal and adult haemostatic system is evolving. There are several limitations to the standard coagulation tests used in clinical practice, and there is currently a lack of evidence to support many of the transfusion practices in neo...

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is the first leading cause of invasive diseases such as meningitis, bacter-emia and pneumoniae in children. In this case we report an early neonatal respiratory distress revealing meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae Serotype 17F through vertical transmission, in the newborn of 3 hours of live. Cas...

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is the first leading cause of invasive diseases such as meningitis, bacteremia and pneumoniae in children. In this case we report an early neonatal respiratory distress revealing meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae Serotype 17F through vertical transmission, in the newborn of 3 hours of live. Ca...

Survival of preterm infants has been steadily improving in recent years because of many recent advances in perinatal and neonatal medicine. Despite these advances, the growth of survivors does not reach the ideal target level of the normal fetus of the same gestational age. Postnatal weight gain is often not achieved because extrauterine growth has...

Aim: 1) Find new ways to prevent preterm birth 2) Discuss whether calcium channel blockers can prevent preterm birth better than the existing tocolytics 3)Assess the efficacy and safety of calcium channel blockers, both in pregnant women and infants. Introduction: Globally, the premature births are number 1 cause of death in children under 5 years...

Objective: Describe the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic aspects of newborns from mothers managed for placental retro hematoma. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study over 24 months in the neonatal medicine department of the CHUMEFJE. All neonates, born against a background of placental retro...

Disasters that affect health care delivery seem to be happening with increased frequency and can be found all around us. Within the last month, the Caldor Fire in Northeast California resulted in the evacuation of Barton Memorial Hospital in South Lake Tahoe, August 30, 2021. Hurricane Ida caused the loss of electrical power and loss of water to Ne...

Background In many Neonatal clinical emergencies, endotracheal intubation procedure is life saving and forms a vital part of neonatal resuscitation. It is possible that current trainees are getting less exposure to emergency intubations in the current scenario of less invasive methods of neonatal stabilisation and surfactant administration. Object...

An ever expanding branch of applications have been developed for ultrasound, including its goal directed use at the bedside, often called point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). ). Although neonatologist-performed functional echocardiography has been at the frontline of the worldwide growth of POCUS, a rapidly growing body of evidence has also demonstrat...

We sought to compare maternal and neonatal risk factors in cases with previable premature rupture of membranes (pPPROM, between 14-24 weeks) for optimal counselling. Therefore, 192 pregnancies of 485 cases which met selection criteria and agreed to follow-up were retrospectively analysed. Mean gestational age at pPPROM was 20.45 weeks. Live births...

Background: The rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes have increased significantly in the last decade. Patients with repeated caesarean deliveries also have a greater risk of placenta previa, placenta accrete, uterine rupture, bowel and bladder injury, and unplanned hysterectomy.Methods: This retrospective study was performed between 01 A...

Introduction: Two thirds of induced abortions after gestational week (gw) 18 are performed due to fetal anomalies. The potential of the fetus to survive outside the uterus after birth is the upper limit for induced abortions in Sweden. Due to advances in neonatal medicine, fetal viability and the upper limit of late induced abortions have been con...

IntroductionA major goal in neonatal medicine is to reduce stress as much as possible in routine care. Bathing is one of the important routine cares for neonates, but it makes a big environmental change for them. We aimed to examine whether water temperature, room temperature, and position changes in tub bathing serve as noxious stimuli to neonates...

Late pre term

Background: The Global pandemic COVID-19 affects mainly adult population with serious devastating effects in some of them, particularly those with chronic comorbidities. It is less common in children and rare in neonates. Objectives: The aim of study was to identify the COVID-19 in neonates so that we can give proper emphasis on neonatal COVID-19....

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a significant clinical challenge in neonatal medicine. BPD is clearly a multifactorial disease with numerous antenatal and postnatal components influencing lung development. Extremely immature infants are born in the late canalicular or early saccular stage and usually receive intensive care until the early...

Journal of Pediatrics and Neonatal Medicine 2021 Introduction Paediatric cases of indigenous dengue fever comprise 5.7% of total cases in Singapore. Objectives To determine the hematological trends and predictors of severe dengue in children. Design Single Centre retrospective study. Methods All paediatric dengue admissions in KK Women’s a...

Background: Neonatal respiratory disorders, such as transient tachypnea of the newborn and respiratory distress syndrome, occur frequently after an elective cesarean delivery. Although conventional pulse oximetry is recommended for neonatal resuscitation, it often requires several minutes after birth to obtain a reliable signal. In a previous study...

Background The question of whether to treat patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) early or wait until symptoms appear remains high on the research agenda for neonatal medicine. Around 7000 extremely preterm babies under 29 weeks’ gestation are born in the UK every year. In 40% of cases the PDA will fail to close spontaneously, even by 4 months of age. Unt...

ABSTRACT Aim: Cesarean sections (C-sections) are surgical procedures that save maternal and infant lives. In some cases, C-sections are done when they are not necessary,while in other cases, some women are unable to access this life-saving intervention. Sociodemographic characteristics are associated with an increased use of C-section. Disparities...

Introduction: Innovations in neonatal medicine and advances in prematurity management permitted a decline in mortality and the survival of severely ill preterm infants. The objective of this work is to describe the impact of new strategies for treating neonatal cholestasis, using two neonatal cohorts, with 10 years interval. Methods: A retrospecti...

We report the case of a preterm small for gestational age male infant born at 24 weeks of gestation with a birth weight of 268 g who was discharged from our hospital without the requirement for home oxygen therapy or tube feeding. He did not experience severe intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, hearing disability, or any othe...

Discrete but ordered covariates are quite common in applied statistics, and some regularized fitting procedures have been proposed for proper handling of ordinal predictors in statistical modeling. In this study, we show how quadratic penalties on adjacent dummy coefficients of ordinal predictors proposed in the literature can be incorporated in th...

The study examined the morphological and long-term behavioral impacts of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in a mouse model. We investigated the modification of different behavioral domains, such as spontaneous climbing, which represents fine motor skills. We also focused on sex-dependent differences during hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The...

BOVINE PRENATAL, PERINATAL AND NEONATAL MEDICINE is a comprehensive modern textbook providing the latest fundamental and practical information on the perinatal period in the cow and her calf/calves, with an emphasis on the dairy cow-calf dyad. It is a ‘pracademic’ book – using academic evidence to support clinical decision-making by veterinary prac...

Background: Excess male morbidity and mortality is well recognised in neonatal medicine and infant health. In contrast, within global nutrition, it is commonly assumed that girls are more at risk of experiencing undernutrition. We aimed to explore evidence for any male/female differences in child undernutrition using anthropometric case definitions...

Background: Although disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a critical disease, there is few gold standard interventions in neonatal medicine. The aim of this study is to reveal factors affecting neonatal DIC at birth and to assess the effectiveness of rTM and FFP for DIC in neonates at birth. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated DIC s...

Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of mortality in neonates. Hypothermia is also an important contributing factor of neonatal mortality. Neonates with sepsis can present with normal temperature, hypo or hyperthermia. Objectives: This study was design to find out the pattern of temperature on admission and its association with mo...

Background: Progress in neonatal medicine has dramatically improved the survival rate of preterm births, but the evidence suggests that these low-birth weight infants (LBWIs) go on to develop pervasive development disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at greater rates than the general population. Children with neurodevelopm...

Neonatal monitoring in neonatal intensive care is pushing the technological boundaries of newborn brain monitoring in order to improve patient outcome. There is an urgent need of a cot side, real-time monitoring for assessment of brain injury severity and neurodevelopmental outcome, in particular for term newborn infants with hypoxic-ischemic brain...

In the world of Austrian neonatal intensive care units, the role of ethics is recognized only partially. The normatively tense cases that are at the backdrop of this essay concern the situations around the limit of viability (weeks 22 + 0 days to 25 + 6 days of gestation), which is the point in the development of an extremely preterm infant at whic...

Background: Hypoglycemia is one of the commonest metabolic problems in contemporary neonatal medicine. In the majority of healthy neonates, the frequently observed low blood glucose concentrations are not related to any significant problem and merely reflect normal processes of metabolic adaptation to extrauterine life. However, when low blood gluc...

Background: Management of hyperbilirubinemia remains a challenge for neonatal medicine because of the risk for serious neurological complications related to the toxicity of bilirubin. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of a sample of Baghdadi pediatricians regarding the risk factors, management of hyperbilirubinemia....

Very preterm born (VPT) children are those born before 32/40 weeks' gestational age and comprise 10% of the 15 million babies born prematurely worldwide each year. Due to advancements in neonatal medicine, the survival rate of VPT birth has increased, but few studies have investigated the nonmedical, social‐cognitive morbidities that affect these c...

Numerous studies have examined the potential use of therapeutic gases for the treatment of various neurological disorders. Hydrogen gas, a promising neuroprotective agent, has been a focus of study due to its potent antioxidative properties. In translational research into adult diseases, hydrogen has been shown to be neuroprotective in disorders su...

The Japanese Society of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine established the Neonatal Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (NCPR) workshop in 2007. It is considered that objective reviews and self-training in basic skills workshops are effective. However, instructors are essential for current training, so it is difficult to do self-training. Even if there is...

ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY APPLICATION IN SPONTANEOUSLY BREATHING TERM AND PRETERM NEONATES VENTILATION ASSESSMENT Sutova V, Janulionis A, Drejeriene V, Langiene V, Virsilas E, Valiulis A, Leisys R, Valiulis A. Summary. Electrical impedance tomography is an advanced technology that allows non-invasive assessment of lung ventilation. During ap...

Introduction: the neonatal period is the most vulnerable time for a child´s survival. It is well established that high-quality medical records are needed for the provision of high-quality care and that neonatal medicine is well suited to a standardised approach to care. The objective of this study was to describe the implementation of a Neonatal Ad...

Aims To determine the exposure and attitudes of paediatric trainees towards adolescent medicine. Methods All paediatric trainees in the Northern Ireland deanery (n=107) were invited to participate in an online survey in March 2016. The questionnaire was based on the ‘Modified Perceptions of Adolescent Issues and Resources: Care of Adolescents’ que...