Nature Conservation - Science topic

Hello Babette; I'm familiar with an old method. Track boards were used to determine the presence of small mammals. The method used a sheet of card stock with a strip of printer's ink rolled across the center. The card was placed on a game trail and left overnight. The damp ink was stepped on by a passing critter. The foot prints left by the inked foot can usually be determined to genus.

The method was non-intrusive and the animals' behavior didn't seem to be disturbed. The method has largely been replaced by trail cameras. You might find some old papers in journals like Wildlife Management, California Dept. Fish and Game Bulletin and similar publications. Best regards, Jim Des Lauriers

Dariusz Prokopowicz : Firstly, Coral reefs systems consist of both coldwater/deepsea corals, and tropical coral reefs with associated ecosystems of mangroves, seagrass beds, etc. Hence, anthropogenic causes (including IPCC's position that climate change is mainly due to anthropogenic GHGs emissions) of the deteriorating conditions of these coral reefs can differ. For example, deepsea corals which are NOT zooxanthellae-linked located off New Zealand or off the Nordic margin (off Norway) etc are threatened by oil & gas drillings and activities. The tropical coral reefs and associated ecosystems are damaged, inter alia, by coastal areas development (cities, military bases, unsustainable agriculture/aquaculture, tourism, etc, contributing to actual reefs physical destruction and via pollutants such as plastics, chemicals, fertilizers and sediments runoffs changes etc), Oil & Gas activities, Oil spills, submarine cables laying, military activities, pollutions, shipping activities such as garbage/pollutants dumping, ship-groundings; tourists' activities (e.g. inexperienced tourists/snorkelers/divers accidentally breaking the corals, destructive fishing practices such as bottom trawling and fish-bombing, strong waves during hurricanes, and high sea surface temperature (SST) that can lead to bleachings, etc. (Keep in mind the Great Barrier Reef has recently been reported to recover well).

Hence, the ways to address the coral reefs decline are also diverse, and can be very site-specific.

Instruments and systems for marine biodiversity conservation in the face of global warming can be at various levels e.g. legal :

International level: multilateral environmental agreements, IMO Rules and Procedures, etc, soft laws such as Rio Declaration, etc

Regional level: Regional organizations or IO, Regional Fisheries Management Organizations, etc

National and local level: national laws, municipal or local government laws and town planning, etc

The instruments and systems can be vastly improved with, among others:

Honest co-operation using, inter alia, precautionary, fair and equitable principles, common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR), with sufficient funding and technical assistance, technology transfer for the poorer tropical countries to conserve marine biodiversity, respecting indigenous peoples and local communities rights (conservation for the people, with the people), and the special situation of Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) and developing countries most impacted by climate-related sealevel rise, and coastal floodings, etc.

There is no fair sense in making the economically-challenged developing countries (sans adequate funding/tech assistance) to carry out the huge obligations as proposed in the CBD draft Global Biodiversity Framework Target 3 etc currently being negotiated, for resolving global problems such as climate change and associated biodiversity loss that IPCC had stated was due to mainly historic anthropogenic GHGs emissions (by developed countries). Lessons learn from the Aichi Targets failures (also SDG failures) due to lack of sufficient funding and tech assistance should not be repeated.

Hence, one of the ways to improve is to ensure at all MEAs negotiations, Developed Countries shall also shoulder the obligations for global biodiversity conservation, showing honest co-operation for fair and equitable outcomes.

Talking about tools is at least stupid, given that its cancellation has been decreed for a long time for the Amazon rainforest, with the perfect awareness of local governments.

In Australia, we have lost around 50-60% of the population of most larger marsupials due to habitat clearing and clearfell forestry. The 2019 drought and mega-bushfires (and some other intensive fires in the previous decade or so) which in part were fuelled by climate change have further reduced populations of many marsupials by around half again. Some 20-25% of some species remain. In the case of the koala I have seen estimates of only 140,000 remaining in the wild. These are all preliminary and longer term data may show some bounce-back or some further declines (as recently record flooding also fueled in part by climate change has also impacted many of the areas impacted by the major drought and unprecedented bushfires.

Hello Dariusz: Just this morning I read about this episode in the Los Angeles Times. The article was written from the point of view of German environmental agencies and a political exchange with the Polish government. The impression I got was that the source of the toxins and a reasonable list of the toxins has not yet been determined. If that's true, then, the first order of business is the identification of the problem and its source(s). It sounded like the problem is a complex one. Polish and German scientists must been collaborating before June. What do those folks have to say? Best regards, Jim Des Lauriers

Dear Colleagues and Friends from the Research Gate portal,

Thanks for the answers given. From the answers above, it is clear that there are various ways and methods to protect forests from fires. Some of them are already in use but need to be scaled up, such as educating the public about the importance of the role of forests for the survival of most of the planet's biodiversity, the role of forests in limiting the scale and effects of the progressive process of global warming and therefore also in terms of human survival on the planet over the next at least several decades. On the other hand, some of these methods need to be further improved and also scaled up. These include, for example, creating new species of trees and shrubs that will be more resistant to abiotic (e.g. climate warming) and biotic (viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic diseases) environmental factors. In addition to this, improving forest planning and management techniques by replacing disease- and fire-prone forest monocultures with multi-species, biodiverse forests, rich in natural forest ecosystems. Forest harvesting techniques are also among the methods that need to be further improved and developed. Well, instead of full felling, full deforestation in a specific area of the forest, which leads to rapid sterilisation and reduction of soil moisture, it is necessary (if at all) to cut only some, selected, individual trees in areas where the forest was planted without devastating the surrounding biosphere, without destroying the rest of the biodiverse natural forest ecosystem. It is also necessary to improve forest fire extinguishing techniques, creation of reservoirs for extinguishing water from rainfall, creation of systems limiting the rapid spread of a forest fire (clearing belts devoid of dry undergrowth, etc.), limiting the scale of draining of areas adjacent to forests, improving the system for detecting low levels of moisture of litter and undergrowth, improving systems for noticing micro-fires in order to increase the efficiency of action and shorten the time of fire development and its extinguishing by fire brigades. To this end, the new information technologies of ICT, the Internet and Industry 4.0 and satellite analytics should be used, as well as rapid transmission of information and informing specific public services and citizens as quickly as possible. In view of the ever-increasing scale of forest fires, which are increasingly caused by the progressive process of global warming and by their deliberate burning by humans, the problem is still very serious. In my country from January to July 2022, the number of forest fires increased compared to previous years and was already the same as in the whole of 2021. By 25.7.2022, there were already more forest fires in Poland than in the whole of last year 2021. In addition, an unusually high number of hot days have already been recorded. The scale of forest fires occurring in different regions of the world has once again intensified in recent months. In recent months, there have been forest fires in many countries in Europe, North America and on other continents. In some countries, record-breaking forest fires are still developing. Firefighters from various countries are involved in extinguishing them as part of international assistance. The problem is serious. The level of seriousness of this problem will increase in the years to come if mankind does not stop the increasingly rapid process of global warming. In addition, in the context of the above problem, it is particularly important to significantly increase the scale of afforestation in wasteland and post-industrial areas, areas degraded by civilisation. It is urgently necessary to bring about the prevalence of afforestation processes over deforestation on a global scale and to stop the deforestation of natural, biodiverse forest ecosystems. Why should we wait until the end of this decade to do so, as agreed at the UN-ET Climate Conference COP26. After all, what we do now in terms of a pro-environmental transformation of the economy on an individual, one-year scale translates into a potential slowdown in the progressive process of global warming on a multi-year scale. In some countries, the issue of the need to urgently and swiftly carry out a pro-environmental transformation of the economy is still downplayed and ignored in the political and business spheres. This is also the case in the country in which I operate. The issue of the key determinants of carrying out a pro-environmental transformation of the classic growth, brown, linear economy of excess to a sustainable, green, zero-carbon zero-growth and closed loop economy, in which the issue of the development of aforestation programmes and the protection of the planet's biosphere and climate is one of the essential elements, is described in my articles posted on my profile of this RG portal. Links to these articles can be found on the homepage of my RG profile. I invite you to collaborate, to set up joint international research projects in this important issue for the future of humanity, the biosphere and the planetary climate. I also invite you to continue discussions on the important issue of improving techniques, instruments and systems for forest fire protection.

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Hello Igor; Here is an example from my own observations. The small desert rodent Neotoma lepida (Desert Packrat) makes a large pile of sticks, bits of cactus, and other bits of vegetation. A large nest may be more than 2 m in diameter and as much as 1 m high. The individual makes a nest deep in this pile. The nest resembles that of a "typical" bird. It is dug into a platform of fine vegetation bits. The animal uses this platform as its toilet! Urine and feces are embedded in the platform and the mass ferments warming the nest by a few degrees. This is the theme in the winter when temperatures may regularly fall below freezing. During the summer the individual occupies another nest placed away from the toilet platform...it is cooler there.

Hot foods ordered have to travel quite some distances, and often take quite some time, especially during evenings, when there could well be huge and long traffic queues, which add delays in delivery. The foods should arrive hot enough to go from the delivery door to a plate on the table. The wrappings should take into account delayed deliveries... so what is your solution?

Dear Roman Bohdan Hołyński,

Thank you for your response. Yes, of course population growth has been going fast for hundreds of years. This issue has been pointed out since the beginning of the first industrial revolution in the 17th and 18th centuries. We now have the fourth technological revolution, the problem is many times larger and still the same questions. Until now, technological progress, including in the field of new technologies increasing the efficiency of agricultural production, has solved the problem of feeding the rapidly growing population. On the other hand, however, in the least developed countries, the scale of poverty and food shortage is becoming a rapidly growing problem. In addition, climate change causing droughts, forest fires, soil barrenness, pest infestations etc. exacerbate these problems. Until recently, technological progress seemed to solve the key problems of the development of civilization. However, in recent years there has been more and more evidence to challenge this thesis. If the process of global warming accelerates in the next decades, the above problems will quickly worsen and the technological progress will become insufficient to solve them. Therefore, our view on this issue is very similar.

Thank you very much,

Best regards, Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Yes, Nowadays Social Media is very powerful mechanism, You can change the political regime using social media. Therefore by sharing nature conservations themes people will be naturally change their mentality towards protection of environment.

In the case of tourism, sustainability means the wise use, development and protection of the natural, cultural and built environmental elements, as a result of which the interests and expectations of the participants in tourism are met at the same time, they benefit from the economic benefits at the same time. Sustainability in the field of tourism can be promoted by building a Regional Tourism Destination Management (TDM) system. This bottom-up management, created with the help of the public and private sectors, with its own resources and trained professionals, can manage the whole process of tourism. Understanding the destination management model is the key to creating sustainable tourism. However, without maintaining the environment at the heart of the model at the municipal level, the entire system may operate uncertainly, so it is necessary to establish a local destination management for environmental protection.

Take a look at this useful RG link.

Public private partnership (PPP) financing approach can be used for the protection of forests/natural ecosystems in developing countries.

This topic is now closed, the volume IV is now complete and ready to print.

I agree with your perception, There may be a great chance that 2019-CoV Virus will return with higher resistance or maybe some other virus will intervene in our lives. We cannot deny the chance of bio-war either, So definitely its time to rethink for the society to adapt techniques for less contagious and higher Immunity conscious working lifestyle. And yes this is not the end, Just an Ignition!

http://world.observation.org/soort/view/79873؟waardplant=0&poly=1&from=2000-01-05&to=2016-01- 05 & maand = 0 & rows = 20 & os = 0 & os = 1 & hide_hidden = 0

We have the tyranny of experts.

thanks

for help Andrew Paul McKenzie Pegman

Actually your question says loudly that the answer is hide in it. Yes, we all want natural environment with healthy biodiversity. But who cares ? our biodiversity degrade day by day. Many species are disappeared due to loss environmental conditions. 1st thing is that the main reason of loss biodiversity is deforestation for personal and govt. benefits. 2nd is the destruction of habitats. last few decades the earths temperature is rise. if we not controls our behavior to destruction then we not conserve our biodiversity.

Nature conservation and biodiversity are reciprocal to each other. Conservation always leads to restoration or enhancement of biodiversity. Therefore, first a baseline information about the climatic , edaphic factors including the substrate type etc. should be collected to promote specific type of plants i.e., the producers of the ecosystem. Supporting the right type of vegetation will result in speedy development and conservation of ecosystem. The animals requiring specific set of conditions and resources may be promoted, however, introduction of any non native species may be avoided which may lead to disastrous consequences for native biodiversity. The system should be free from anthropogenic disturbances and should rely on eco-friendly ways of energy usage.

Combining them could be based on a multi-scale framework of SES. One starting point for looking at this implementation is the Multiscale Ecosystem Framework (MEF) explained in https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1387&context=nrc_faculty_pubs

and Chapter 29 in Commons Handbook

A combination of MLP and SES is being applied by my research team in energy issues in Colombia as a PhD research.

Hi, might be interested to check this publication, shared here on RG. Also check other works by the authors. I hope it helps! https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjItaTK1ovhAhUYxMQBHc2cA3EQFjACegQIBxAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FDorothea_Meyer%2Fpublication%2F259822900_New_Alliances_for_Tourism_Conservation_and_Development_in_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa%2Flinks%2F56151bd608ae983c1b41e4a8.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3VsvXD6xDsGEUTmj_X0qcQ

Dear Doao,

In Germany of course in protected areas everything is protected in the strictest conservation levels. It is even forbidden to walk threw.

The Germany forests, like in many other European countries, have undergone a long period of intensive forest management. Thus, old trees or trees with elements which are of low economic value have been declined.

Nevertheless recently, in unprotected areas, laws have been passed to protect trees or groups of trees of high ecological value, too. Each forester has to map a certain amount of "habitat trees" per hectare. These trees are taken out of management and have the privilege to get old and develop decaying parts which are important for organism depending on these structures.

Hi Mario and Raffael. If I can help in anything please count on me.

J.

Cultural change plays a major role in farmers’ choice of varieties. The loss of local culture and increased assimilation into a general or dominant culture may eliminate preferences and practices that make a diversity of crop types valuable. Certain varieties that are used as ingredients in dishes prepared for customary festivals and events will disappear if those festivals wane ....

Hi.

In my opinion, Natura 2000 network has a great importance in the Canary Islands. There are some areas not protected by local laws in 1994 ("Red de Espacios Naturales de Canarias"), but they have been designed as Natura 2000 protected areas, so (at least for the moment) were saved from any important threat. In any case, it's true that some Natura 2000 protected sites are under different types of threats, like new tourist complexes in the surroundings, increasing human presence, alien predators of local fauna (mainly cats and rats), invasive alien plants, etc. One of the main problems in the management of such areas is the low degree of surveillance or wardening inside them, mainly in coastal sites (the situation is much better in the forests), as we have an important proportion of our territory under legal protection and is necessary to have more people working in the protected areas.

It is difficult to change in the short term, care attention to long-term concern for the cultural development of local people, greening effect can be presented.

Hloo...one of my batchmate prabin poudel is going to study on post earthquake impact on forest resources in Gorkha district Nepal, In fact in case of your interest you may talked to him

My professional life over the decades is an alternation between practitioner, from apprentice, over private consultant to high level civil servant (P5 UN; National Chief Environmental Officer ) and academic researcher (three universities). Successes (e.g. heath-land management; unpublished) and failures (e.g. invasive alien control efficacy; partly published) in the interface of (applied) research and nature conservation have been experienced. From that perspective, I broadly agree with the issues raised in the opening statement of this Q&A and would enjoy working up various cases for a better understanding. An additional issue is the well-known (particularly in the medical sciences) publication bias. 'Negative' results are more difficult to pass the peers. Try to get a manuscript published on a protection area or or protection measure that proves to be ineffective or counterproductive in achieving its stated goals.  

The opening statements on 'local expert knowledge' and international or local 'pressure groups' are always linked in my experience. An external researcher may be well advised to work (and publish) together with staff of the protection agent (e.g. my Majella publications) to identify and consider the underlying conflicts of interest, particularly on land ownership and use right (e.g. deforestation in Bolivia) and consequently who benefits and/or who bears the costs of the interventions.

As a practitioner and manager, I had and used always access to 'results in peer-reviewed journals', but found these generally of very limited practical value. In case of lacking time, inherent in EIA/SEA, a budget for consultants to carry out the background literature research has often been available. However, recruiting a consultant or academic able and willing to deliver timely and relevantly often failed. Mostly, I found academic experts over-specialized for any practical purpose. Even once recruitment is successful, the product is in many cases below standard for various reasons (e.g. my article on SEA).

Hi Artur,

it's been a long time... :) How are you?

Take a look at this conversion between the radiance and illuminance: http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/refer/rc97tut.pdf

Take also comparison between different light sources:

Consider then, that if you have any artificial light, it probably covers only a small portion of a pixel.

So I guess that the difference is probably small.

Cheers, Klemen

Asbestos was mixed and used as a durable and fire-resistant construction material in the past. But usage of this natural mineral is now internationally banned generally because inhalation of asbestos fiber causes severe respiratory diseases that do not have effective medical treatment. for the case of Rwanda the Government have committed to removed it country wide in order to prevent the widespread of hazards caused by.

The Sustainable [R]evolution Project

Permaculture in Practice in America

Not all of the sites below identify as permaculture sites, but we felt that each of them demonstrate permaculture principles in action in some way.  

1- Ashaninka Forest Wisdom School, Brazil

Since the 70s and 80s, a group of indigenous peoples, with the leadership of Ashaninka Apiwtxa village, have been developing methods of regenerating Amazon forest areas depleted by years of colonial occupation, and more recently, by the illegal actions of loggers. Strategies have included replanting degraded forest areas, re-introducing native species who were becoming endangered, and the creation of fruit orchards and medicinal herb gardens. The school is a center for education about sustainable techniques, in an effort to share and build alliances with neighboring communities

2-Earthhaven, North Carolina, USA

Founded in 1994, Earthaven is located on 320 acres in western North Carolina, dedicated to caring for people and the Earth by learning and demonstrating a holistic, sustainable culture. We’re learning to practice ecologically responsibile forestry and agriculture; to develop natural building systems that sustain forest health, create jobs, and generate renewable energy through good design. We intend to become empowered, responsible, ecologically literate citizens, modeling bioregionally appropriate culture for our time and place.

3- Ecovillage, Ithaca, New York, USA

EcoVillage at Ithaca is an intentional community and a non-profit educational organization, developing an alternative model for suburban living which provides a satisfying, healthy, socially rich lifestyle, while minimizing ecological impacts. The village currently includes two 30-home cohousing neighborhoods, a third neighborhood (TREE) in the planning stages, organic vegetable and berry farms, office spaces for cottage industry, a neighborhood root cellar, community gardens and varied natural areas.

4- Gaia, Argentina

Gaia is located outside of Buenos Aires and is active in the Global Ecovillage Network and founder of the Permaculture Institute of Argentina. Its founding mission is the promotion of sustainable societies, mainly by creating human settlements based on the practice of Permaculture systems and methods.

5- Greater World Earthship Community, New Mexico, USA

This is a subdivision of homes built outside of Taos, New Mexico, that are completely off-the-grid and built of recycled tires and rammed earth. Their innovative design incorporates water catchment and passive solar greenhouses and has been replicated in thousands of houses across the globe.

6- IPEC, Goias, Brazil

The Instituto de Permacultura e Ecovilas do Cerrado (IPEC) includes 15 ecological buildings, composting toilets, water treatment system, ecological gardens, food forests, and renewable energy systems. Ecocentro IPEC has become one of the most important reference centers for sustainable living in Latin America, hosting permaculture and ecovillage design course.

7- IPES, El Salvador

The Permaculture Institute of El Salvador (IPES) was founded as an independent organization in 2002 by small farmers concerned to halt the destruction of their environment and way of life. Over the past 6 years, we have built a network of subsistence farmers who work with ecological farming methods. We have a training centre and 4 demonstration permaculture sites, the most important of which is the ecological community La Florida in the La Libertad department. Our aim is to train community leaders within poor rural areas to enable them to tackle the environmental crises that face.

8- Lama Foundation, New Mexico, USA

The Lama Foundation is a community associated with Ram Dass and the ‘60s countercultural movement in the U.S, and was a pioneer of the natural building movement, especially strawbale, cob and adobe. Lama has integrated permaculture into their core principles, and is an interesting model of an educational retreat center which is also home to long-term residents.

9- Occidental Arts and Ecology Center, California, USA

The Occidental Arts and Ecology Center is a nonprofit organizing and education center and organic farm in Northern California’s Sonoma County. OAEC was founded in 1994 by a group of biologists, horticulturists, educators, activists, and artists seeking innovative and practical approaches to the pressing environmental and economic crises of our day. Much of the Center’s work addresses the challenges of creating democratic communities that are ecologically, economically and culturally sustainable in an increasingly privatized and corporatized economy and culture.

10- OPA, Salvador, Brazil

The Organization of Permaculture and Art (OPA) was created by multicultural artists and educators who combine their passion and belief in the arts and permaculture to offer sustainable solutions that empower people and their communities. OPA is based in the city of Salvador, Bahia, on the northeastern coast of Brazil. OPA emerged from the desire of combining permaculture and arts in order to build bridges between cultural, social and environmental sustainability in the urban setting. Its center in Salvador demonstrates innovative urban permaculture models, functions as a multi-purpose art space, and runs an environmental education project for at-risk youth that uses circus arts and theater.

11- Permacultura America Latina (PAL), Ecuador and Guatemala projects

PAL has worked with indigenous groups in the coastal, Andean, and Amazon regions of Ecuador and many initiatives have been organized, including land demarcation, school, and tree planting projects. In Guatemala, our work began in 1995 when the first permaculture design course was held in San Lucas Toliman in Lago Atitlan. Soon after, the Associacion I’jatz was formed to produce and distribute patrimonial Mayan seeds. A donated parcel of abandoned land was transformed into a beautiful demonstration of an integrated food forest garden. From this centre a womens group was formed, a small farmers cooperative organized and courses are regularly held for indigenous and campesino groups from throughout Mesoamerica. Permaculture principles are closely linked to traditional Mayan methods of working with land.

12- The Farm, Tennessee, USA

One of the most famous and long-lived communes established out of the ‘60s countercultural movement in the U.S., The Farm has evolved into an ecovillage incorporating permaculture principles, an international charity, and a world-renowned midwifery and birth center. It is involved with social and political movements and runs educational programs.

13- The People’s Grocery Urban Gardens, Oakland, California, USA

Cities are becoming important places for developing sustainable and locally-rooted food systems for meeting nutritional needs. Many low-income residents of urban areas, such as West Oakland, do not even have access to sufficient fresh foods. People’s Grocery grows and distributes local, organic produce through a network of urban gardens and micro-farms while providing jobs to Oakland youth.

14- The Permaculture Institute, New Mexico, USA

Located near Santa Fe, New Mexico, the Permaculture Institute was founded in 1997 as the sister organization to the Permaculture Institute of Australia. It came on the footsteps of the Permaculture Drylands Institute, formerly the leading permaculture educational institution in the US. Our mission is to promote sustainable living skills through education, networking and demonstration projects. We facilitate networking among permaculture groups and projects in NM/Southwestern region and beyond.Final del formulario

You're welcome dear Md. Fuzail

Dear Attila

I am interested in a collaborative research work  in the field of LANDSCAPE.

How it will be possible?

Sincerely

Ishwor Thapa

Please check this useful PDF attachment also.

The US Forest Service manages over 150 National Forests.  The topography, climate, soils, water, forest and wildlife habitats, species and other resources varies widely.  Each forest has management plans and environmental impact statements addressing similar questions, and includes standards, mitigation measures and monitoring to fit the circumstances.  Whether you pick up the planning and environmental regulations, or select one or more National Forests to evaluate, these documents contain content that is unlikely to directly apply to your unique circumstances, but offer some ideas on how professional teams of foresters, wildlife biologists, engineers, hydrologists, soil scientists, fire, recreation, archeology and other specialists have worked together to develop sustainable plans with some degree of monitoring and revision as needed through time if plans need adjustment or conditions change, such as after major wildfire, hurricane, invading species, drought or mortality.

An internet search for any of the national forests or USFS should be able to access the various planning and environmental analysis documents.  If your conditions are just too different or unique, perhaps you can find plans or analyses and experienced professionals more appropriate if you have ecological or wildlife refuges, national forests or parks, zoos or similar areas under special management and conservation. 

Thank you. May be in 2019?:)

See this too..

sincerely thanks dear Monyer Al-Fatlawi.

Dear Sema Mumcu can I am have little bit informations about your publication by december 2016?

thank for your response

Of course yes...

You can see for example some of the projects developed for the area of Estremoz and Vila Viçosa in Portugal...

hi

I think Seoul is a good place for your work. it is high rank university. They have section or faculty for the natural sciences & they have graduate school called " environmental studies" [search this link  http://gses.snu.ac.kr/eng/]

all the best

Regards

Dr. Kumara

Conservation is just one of the 3 to 4 pillars of sustainability: conservation and the environment, economic development, and livelihood/social dimension. As long as conservation doesn't negatively affect the other pillars, it perfectly coalesces with sustainability. However, there is no contradiction between conservation and sustainability. In other words, if conservation efforts were not profitable/feasible or socially adapt, then the decision should not be to put conservation away but to adjust the approach it is tackled by to fit with sustainability.

You may read more in the following link an attempt to explain the difference between conservation and sustainability: http://landholders.tripod.com/id104.htm

Dear Bruno,

a quick screen in my references for this region:

HEGI, G. 1925. Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa. Bd. V. Teil 1. Wien.

HEGI, G. (Hrsg.) 1975. Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa: Dicotyledones - Linaceae - Violaceae. Band 5, Teil 1. Berlin, Hamburg. Paul Parey.

FCD 2012. Flora Croatica Database. Available at: http://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd/

KOŠANIN N. 1926. Verbreitung einiger Baum- und Strauch-Arten in Südserbien. Magyar Bot. Lapok. 25, 116-123.

RECHINGER, K.H. 1935. Ergebnisse einer botanischen Reise in der Bertiscus (Nordalbanische Alpen). Feddes Repert. 38, 137-152.

ČERNJAVSKI, P., O. GREBENŠČIKOV, Z. PAVLOVIC 1949. O vegetaciji i flori Skadarskog područja. Glasn. Prir. Muz. Beo. 1-2, 5-91.

DŽEKOV S. 1957. Za Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv. I edno novo neogalište po slivat na Vardar. God. Zborn. Zemlod. Šum. Fak. Univ. Skopje 10, 263-266.

EM, H. 1967. Pregled na dendroflorata na Makedonjia. Skopje.

I remember some additional references which I can't find at the moment.

The outcome of this discussion, as far as I understand and remember correctly, was that it's also M.germanica in this region and M. ernesti-mayeri is a "some kind of synonym" of M. germanica.

I'm interested if you may find further references and deeper insights into this case.

Kind regards

Helmut (see you at river Tagliamento in May)

Maybe Quentin Evrard could help you for the case of South-East Cameroon:

Dear Massimo,

I Know you by Dr. E. De Lillo from Bari Uni. and Dr. Asadi from Mashhad Uni. I can collaborate with you (biocontrol of weeds program). I research the Eriophyoid mites in Iran. as you know this group is one of the effective biocontrol agents on weeds. I have collected different eriophyoids species on their host plants. If you need them I can send the list. I have papers and  I can send copies.

Sincerely, Hashem Kamali (PhD)

President of Acarological Society of Iran and Faculty member of Razavi Khorasan Agricultural & Natural Resources Research Center.

We are planning a conference on Human-Wildlife including both carnivores and mega herbivores,  effect of conflict on agriculture, livelihoods, conflict resolution  and conservation in conflict areas. The conference is scheduled for October 2017 and will be held at Bangalore, India. It is being sponsored by Indian Council of Agricultural Research and Ethological Society of India. We  expect sponsorship and participation from foresters, conservationists, affected people and polic makers including  representatives from concerned world bodies. The formal website will be available in a week. Kindly let  me know your email. mine is sridarashakunthala@gmail.com  Dr.Ullas Karanth, the Indian tiger specialist from Bangalore will be one of plenary speakers. 

In my opinion, the National Park of Peneda-Gerês, in Portugal, its a very good example to answer to your question.The creation of new attraction next to the protected area, increase the tourist visitation intensity in this area. 

The walking trails are one of that attractions and also the Ecomuseu do Barroso (ecomuseum).

In the case of the walking trails, the National Parque of Peneda-Gerês, have rules to avoid/minimize the negative effects of that, to conserve the protected area, like the maximum of pedestrianists in the trail at the same time (10-15 persons). At the areas of total protection, its necessary take a premition to do it.

Dear Ladislav,

Ia am pleased to help you. There are so many astonishing things conerning plants. When I excavated a medieval castle in eastern Spain, a colleague experienced in plants, told ous about high concentrations of poison plants nearby medieval castles, fact that might show that they might have been grown for the purpose to be added to arrow-points.

For what you hav easked me, i will give feedback during the next days.

Regards

Joachim

Perhaps the greatest impediment is that "organic" rules are designed around human health and nutritional goals, not environmental ones (even if these are often shared values of proponents).

Look up expert publications by UNDP on the topic

Don't mention. You can trouble me, if you need something else.

Kind regards, Vladyslav

Dear Osmar Antonio Bonzanini

Thanks a lot

Dear Colleague,

A comprehensive paper, from a theological point of view (and quite recent too), can be found in attachment here. It also contains useful references with regard to your question

With kind greetings,

Koos Jaap van Zwieten

What about an empirical approach? Counting the number of male versus female professionals at IUCN and/or WWF HQs from a telephone directory and comparing these with international corporate HQs in the area. Are you interested in my null hypothesis?

The protection of nature and landscape of today do not. It is the policy of the problem, the administrator and the administered. The need for action in symbiosis of all stakeholders allows the preservation of the environment and landscape. It must pass through mechanisms both at the political, legal and educational (environmental education). This topic requires multitudes and various literatures. See links.

www.projetsdepaysage.fr/dimension_environnementale_et_paysagere_et...

There is some interesting new work emerging around 'biocultural indicators.' Biocultural systems are the local ecological knowledge, practices of resource managment and use, and complex social systems specific to particular people and places. An example of a biolcultural indicator is the richness of native species important to a community's beliefs, traditions, and uses. By defining and measuring biocultural indicators, conservationists hope to "empower communities to take direct action that promotes conservation of the natural resources that are essential for cultural practices." An implicit part of developing biocultural indicators would be documenting traditional knowledge, and conservation practices can help some cultural traditions survive. Check out: http://www.snap.is/groups/assessing-biocultural-indicators/

Thank you Nishith.

My email is subirbandyopadhyay@yahoo.com

Dear Tanya, I would like to collaborate but it depend on more details and timing.  yours Hassan

 As  an aproach to disturbance-nonvascular-vascular organisms, you can explore "Soil crusts and disturbance benefit plant germination, establishment and growth on nutrient deficient sand" . Beyschlag, et. al 2007.

There is probably plenty of reserch material in this large database, it is searchable by keywords:

Environmental Valuation Reference Inventory (EVRI)

In Asia bushmeat is exploited as a status symbol, to the point that many species are on the brink of extinction and bushmeat costs more than the same quantity of domesticated meat.

Sustainable use of natural resources is one thing, but bushmeat was once hunted in a subsistence way for local populations using traditional methods. Now it is hunted on a commercial scale with modern methods, and any former regulation tied to breeding cycles (etc) to ensure sustainability have been lost-especially in resettled human populations, which lack the social context to harvest sustainably.

Bushmeat, and illegal trade in general is being transformed into a status symbol, which is why it is such a threat to biodiversity

I describe it a little more here, and hope this helps

http://news.sky.com/video/1438063/ecologist-on-extinction-threat 

I suppose the following are what would be described as 'epic fails' in terms of wildlife/renewable energy structure interactions. It is a shame - we can do better.

Marzluff has papers on the impact of suburbs on bird populations - the relationship actually curves up and then down.  He works at the University of Washington in Seattle

Both qualitative and quantitative guideline on aquatic (riverine, lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, coastal) protected areas are provided by IUCN. There are guidelines for selection of PAs using IUCN PAs matrix, by which areas may be choose according to their establishment objective, management category, benefit sharing criteria etc. Fresh aquatic and marine conservation sites could be managed using these.

Isolation?

Hi there, good question, as evaluation of conservation projects is not a straightforward subject!  A project can be evaluated relatively simply based on the goal(s) it started with, although that's not straightforward if it had multiple social and environmental aims (these often do not covary - as shown by https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233909495_How_national_context_project_design_and_local_community_characteristics_influence_success_in_community-based_conservation_projects) .  And/or it can be evaluated according to external standards of how projects should be designed, and what they should achieve. (i.e. process and outcome) It may help to consider whose views count or are most important to you - the people affected by the project, the funders... other external actors like conservation professionals...?  

There's lots of interesting and relevant publications out there.   I suggest http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98553.x/pdf  provides some interesting thoughts and is a good starting point.  If the projects to be evaluated are participatory, this paper provides some interesting thoughts about if/how to include the perspectives of these stakeholders http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800912000791 It can get complicated! But whatever method and critieria you choose, just be transparent about what criteria you chose, and why. 

Good luck - I'll be interested to know what choices you make!

make sure to bookmark: APweb at http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/ by Peter F. Stevens

and the free, online educational posters:

"Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster"

"Tracheophyte Phylogeny Poster"

and 

"Bryophyte Phylogeny Poster"

... all regularly updated and very useful!

Dear Mahfuz

It has to start at home. Educate and practice, that is the only way it can be inculcated into the psyche of people. We all have to contribute to it, not only the government. We all always try to do things easier way. But if we first start thinking about our convenience and the environment for any action that we do probably it will help. So the change has to come in the way people start thinking about it. A few things probably we all develop that will help environment.

1. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle – the three R’s

2. Use as far as possible locally produced groceries, goods and services.