Science topic
Nature - Science topic
Nature is the system of all phenomena in space and time; the totality of physical reality. It is both a scientific and philosophic concept appearing in all historic eras. (Webster 2d; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)
Questions related to Nature
With the advances in community review and Web3 on the horizon, I've been starting to wonder if the way in which traditional peer-review works is outdated. Have y'all found any systems out there that feel like the future of peer-review?
In the context of accelerating the development of industry, global production, exploitation of raw materials, pollutants and waste emissions, increasing greenhouse gas emissions, accelerating the global warming process, protection of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, nature protection and biodiversity is one of the main challenges of the 21st century.
In view of the above, what do you think are the most effective methods, technologies, instruments for nature protection, natural ecosystems and biodiversity currently?
Please reply
Best wishes
In recent days everyone is eating unhealthy foods that contain harmful chemical residues. It should be changed.
Farmers have started using chemical fertilizers and pesticides to get more yield from crops, now it is used in high doses. Hence it should be controlled with alternate methods.
While Nature Scientific Reports (NSR) is obviously not as rigorous as most of the other Nature journals, is it widely considered a reputable journal? I have heard that some institutions discourage publishing there because they are more profit-driven and less scientifically rigorous. Just curious as to what the general opinion is about this journal.
Dear collogues,
May I ask, What are the best natural herbs for obesity management?
Thanks
Hey,
currently I am writing an article using the Nature citation style. However, I have a question on how to cite the same book multiple times (e.g. different chapters/pages of it).
I contacted their author support, but did not receive a reply.
Can I use the same superscript for different page numbers (corresponding to different references in the book) for in-text citations and use one reference to the book in the bibliography? This would complicate giving page numbers. Or does each citation (and thus page number) require an own superscript/entry in the bibliography? This in turn would unfortunately lead to a (in my opinion) unnecessarily long reference list. Apparently, giving page numbers is not required for the Nature citation style, but (for an unknown article), I find it cumbersome to read an entire book just for the sake of finding a potentially small piece of information that has been referred to.
I'm curious how you solved this issue.
Kind regards
Philipp
Hi everyone,
I am about to define an experiment where we want to investigate 10 - 20 de novo small proteins. We are mainly interested in affinity but also want to show that proteins are folding properly. For that we are thinking about using circular dichroism. I am having seconds thoughts though if this is the right method in the long run. When it comes to publishing, I have the gut feeling that reviewers might ask for a crystal structure of the protein or even the complex. I am working on getting an impression myself by reading nature and science papers but I would like to get to know your advice and experience concerning the matter. What methods are best suited to give our research credibility that might be expected in high impact journals?
cheers
Martin
Hello fellow researchers,
for my final thesis I want to examine if sustainability is a new status symbol and if yes, how strong it is and it's differences to luxury goods (and also if a luxury good is not "green" does this circumstance reduce it's symbolic power?).
Unfortunenately, I cannot find any studies in the past that examine status symbolism. More precisely, I need a scale or a model that measuers status perception or status symbolism (of any obejct).
Does someone has an idea where I can find such scale/model, or can someone post a study that uses or developed such scale/model?
I am thankful for every help.
Greetings from Germany :)
Some countries derive a large income from tourism. However, it is necessary to protect the natural environment visited by tourists, including natural ecosystems and local, often unique in global biodiversity. Therefore, part of tourism revenues is spent on protecting the visited natural biological environments. Therefore, techniques for nature conservation and natural ecosystems should be constantly improved.
New information technologies should be used to analyze the state of natural environments. New information technologies typical of the current technological revolution Industry 4.0 is increasingly used to promote tourism and marketing in individual countries.
More frequently, social media portals are used to globally promote tourism in individual countries. The same technologies should also be increasingly used to promote the protection of nature, natural ecosystems and biodiversity.
Do you agree with my opinion on this matter?
In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:
How should tourism with environmental protection be developed?
Please reply
I invite you to the discussion
Thank you very much
Best wishes
What type of condensed matter physics paper have a great potential to be accepted in Nature?
According to Kirill Dmitriev, head of Russia’s Direct Investment Fund that bankrolled the effort, a vaccine developed by the Gamaleya research institute in Moscow may be approved in days, before scientists complete what’s called a Phase 3 study. That final-stage study, usually involving tens of thousands of people, is the only way to prove if an experimental vaccine is safe and really works.
Scientists worldwide are sounding the alarm that the headlong rush could backfire.
What would land a neuroscience paper in Nature Neuroscience? What is the minimum a paper should have to pass the editorial scrutiny in Nature Neuroscience or the journals around the same cadre? May be a list of things and at the same time explanation of each point would work.
There is always a dynamic balance in nature, be it homeostasis in local ecosystem to the grand scale of global homeostasis. Human is interfering with the working of nature and tending to destabilizing the feedback systems. Still it can maintain the balance and resistance and resilience stability within limits. By to what extent? We have now some estimates of certain tipping points. Does it tell the whole story? Does it take into account all the aspects of nature's structural integrity and functional diversity and stability?
Everyone knows, the fast changing climatic condition with altered physical factors due to various anthropologic activities. Humans are unable to handle the issue of climate change due to growing needs and population. So, how nature will resolve the issue of climate change without human interference?
Prime Minister Boris Johnson's 10 point plan for industrial revolution and create 250,000 green jobs via 12billion£ investment.
Looks interesting, however, I would argue that with increased emphasis on hydrogen and nuclear (both requiring water - electrolysis & cooling respectively) there is a serious need to safeguard water availability, maintain purity levels, and its usable temperatures (nuclear exhaust waters to fish ponds etc. )
Are we moving in the right direction !!
Comments welcome.
Regards
Waqas
At present all the world is experiencing weather extremes due to the impact of the climate change. Who is responsible for those consequences of extreme weather in all over the world? finally who is ready to face all these effects by Govt./People? Why all the Govts are not focusing on immediate controlling strategies? Not identifying causative factors in the world? How long will take time to clear our world environment? Why all the Govts not strictly controlling in the ground level before effluents entering into the environment? Why effluents are not treating/estimating properly? How it becomes more dangerous to human life and environment in all over the world?
Why govt blindly giving permissions to industries establishment without considering environmental impacts and it's side effects? Due to these blunder mistakes only now a days all we facing serious climate crisis.They have their own reasons for allowing industries in the world. But all should first consider environmental issues. Governments only priority is economical development further creating employment to the job seekers in the country, but not focusing on associated environmental impacts by the industries. Governments are giving more relaxations in the processes of new industries establishment to attract more in future to strengthening economically more stronger in all over the world. In this relaxing government rules environmental protection is missing and taking very light.Hence here am requesting all the governments should adhere, consider and implement all the environmental safety rules in safeguarding our environment at least now onward.
I'm currently developing a project looking at instances of cultural and symbolic violence towards nature, whether this creates/contributes to stigma, and how it compares to, or causes, physical violence (i.e farming of livestock, crushing insects due to fear). Particularly interested in snakes and spiders as used to symbolise an evil, violent, or manipulative trait in a human, or other sentient antagonistic force in a piece of fiction.
Seeking to answer questions such as:
Is our use of certain creatures to represent these things in any way unethical?
What does symbolic violence towards 'strange' creatures indicate about our tendencies to do this with differential prejudice towards humans? And is challenging symbolic violence towards living creatures necessary on all levels to combat it between human groups?
So, does anyone have recommendations for reading on this? And, are there any available studies analysing the impact of nature representation on societal approach to specific animals?
Thanks,
Connor
The de facto slogan of modern industrial man is "Heat, beat and treat" or "take, make and throw". But Mother Nature do everything in the other way, following the sustainability principles. We can borrow the ideas, be inspired and emulated by her, can collect the pearls of wisdom and reflect them in our life - in all spheres, personal, social, industrial.
Please elucidate the master principles of Nature and her "trade secrets" and discuss how we can adopt and adapt them in our sustainability journey.
It is heard that the case of coronavirus is a war that humanity gives for its survival. But who the enemy is? Average people think that now we are dealing with a coronavirus, yesterday with weather instability, the day before with wildfires, constantly with harmful insects/bacteria/... . In other words Nature is our enemy that we HAVE to change according to our will/"needs".
Do we seriously believe that humans could have any chance to "win" in such an irrational "war"?
An owl bursting through a cloud of bubbles is helping researchers better understand the aerodynamics of flight.
Birds gliding through bubbles reveal aerodynamic trick. Gliding birds use tail to generate extra lift and reduce drag. For more details please refer to the following link:
The approach to human innovation, via emulating nature, is called biomimetic design and has inspired many of our greatest creations – from buildings to bionic cars, here are some of the favourite examples.
Im looking for a filter that can efficiently and cheaply filter out things like regular city pollution to cigarette smoke for a project I'm doing for my biomimetics class, so I was wondering if there are any animals or plants that have this sort of mechanism in them.
In this discussion I want to share a nice initiative done by WWF Community:
Nature is essential for all the things we need to survive and thrive. But human activity is pushing the natural systems we all rely on to the edge, threatening all life on Earth.
This Friday people around the globe will take part in the ClimateMarches. Next week world leaders are at the UN General Assembly Climate Summit in New York.
Whether you’re able to take part or not, you can still make you Voice heard. Show your leaders that you want to see an ambitious New Deal for Nature and People that protects and restores nature by 2030 – safeguarding at least 30 per cent of natural spaces and sustainably managing the rest, while limiting global warming to 1.5°C.
Add your voice for the planet to support urgent action.
How do you perceive change?
Are we (human race and civilization) changing?
Are other organisms (plant and animal) also changing?
Is the earth changing?
Is climate changing?
Shall we afraid of change or Shall we embrace it
At the end of life cycle, why we go towards our starting point.
Dear researchers,
The surfactants are extracted from the nature are more useful. Can any one introduce an available cheap (herbal) surfactant to produce water/oil emulsion?
Thank you so much.
Regards
Foroogh
Dear Respectful Researchers,
Here come several "strange" and probably unique questions about deep space detection which is motivated by an important recent scientific discovery and publication (in the journal Nature) about Fast Radio Bursts, "A second source of repeating fast radio bursts" as referring to these links as follows:
Researchers at UBC, Canada, have discovered the second so-called “repeating fast radio burst” (FRB) recorded six times coming from the same location, 1.5 billion light-years away. It seems that, CHIME was able to record some of the bursts as low as 400 MHz. My quick and first question is, can we statistically exclude its origin from the extraterrestrial (ET) civilizations?
Here come my rudimentary thoughts and reasoning as an electronics/telecommunications engineer, just out of strong curiosity.
I’ve conducted some quick and simplistic calculation of the link budget from communication perspective. Assume that the 400 MHz radio signals (assuming constant without shifting although actually not) do not significantly suffer from planets/galaxies introduced (all types of) attenuation and are thus deemed in an ideal free-space propagation model.
1.5 billion light-years distance is equal to around 1.419e22 kilometers, which will introduce a Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) of 537.5 dB at 400 MHz. On the other hand, assume that the receiver at ground station is able to achieve an ultra-low sensitivity of -160 dBm thanks to very large high gain phased array antennas, which also means the power at the origin (output) is at least 377.5 dBm, or 5.62e33 Watts (56.2 Decillion Watts).
On the other hand, the Sun releases an estimated 384.6 Yotta Watts (3.846e26) of Energy [1], the power output of all power plants of the world in 2008 is only 2.31e12 Watts. Therefore, we may be talking about an Energy (1.5 billion light year away) equivalent to at least 14.6 millions times the Sun !
This comparison makes one feel that this energy resource can be hardly from an ET civilization, unless it is from the so-called Type-III civilization categorized in the Kardashev Scale [3]. Could it be ?
Another thing I am concerned with and would like to ask is, what could the "super-macro galaxy-level" propagation channel models look like? Would there be some multi-path fading effects? Would there be some time delay/frequency shifting among different bursts, and in the order of months/years?
Thanks for your correction, discussion, and suggestions.
References
Yours Sincerely,
Yiming Huo (Jimmy), Ph.D.,
Jan. 12, 2019
I have recently checked the research records (on ORCID, Scopus and Scholar) of Nature editors, I have also conducted web searches to trace their academic background, and I found that the majority of the editors (especially the Physics editors) have very very poor research records. One editor has h-index of 3 for "news/opinions" published in nature only. Many of them has no specialized scientific peer-reviewed publications of their own! Some of the physics editors have not published a single paper from their PhD, not even a conference paper!
I wonder why this is the level of editors in nature! I also wonder how these editors understand the level of work submitted in Nature to select which manuscripts to send to peer-review or to reject right away! This is very confusing because I though Nature is the most well-established refereed journal in the world.
I would like to hear your opinions about that, and if there's any editor from Nature to kindly show us how this constitutes good peer-review environment, please do!
Will ecological innovations protect the Earth's nature from the progressive devastation of natural environments and increasing environmental pollution?
If the pace of devastation and pollution of the natural environment continues to increase, the nature of Earth and humanity may be threatened with grave dangers on the scale of several decades.
Some researchers suggest the possibility of a total annihilation of most species of flora and fauna on Earth in the 21st century.
Will humanity manage to develop and implement new ecological innovations as part of renewable sources of energy, green economy, restoring balance in natural ecosystems to prevent the growing risk of global annihilation?
If the majority of species of flora and fauna come to this destruction, it may be comparable to the cataclysm of dinosaur destruction that occurred on Earth millions of years ago.
But then it was a random cosmic accident because then the comet hit Earth, which caused global cataclysms that lasted for months.
This random case in space happens once in many millions of years.
However, the destruction of a large part of the biosphere, ecosystems, species of flora and fauna on Earth, which humans can lead to, is not a random event.
Unless we assume that the creation of an intelligent thinking being on one of the millions of planets is a kind of cosmic random event, then this whole analysis changes its interpretation.
If we put restraint in resource exploitation/use and consumerism from personal to industrial level and local to global scale we will be able to shrink our ecological footprint and can be able to manage natural resource crunch and pollution problem and would be able to live sustainably. Let's take a pledge to tread lightly on the Earth and mother Nature.
Does anyone have or suggest measure for educators' (teachers, adminstarators) perception of outdoor learning (nature-based, outdoor activities) in early and primary education? Thanks in advance.
State the reasons in the case of non crop plants, which is a timber yielding one?
This question has sparked up debates in my areas. So, I will love to know what each RG member thinks about it?
How does pollen-pistil incompatibility and geographic barriers between plant species in a family favors / disfavor horizontal gene transfer ?
It is also the responsibility of law enforcement to seek out and identify potential victims through awareness initiatives and investigations.
I have some individual interest to understand a little bit more these two phenomena, because the apparent mathematical similarities between them, and because some particularities, too. The overview to direct possible concerned researchers to solve this question can be seen in the attached link. Thanks for you interest.
Deleted research item The research item mentioned here has been deleted
Why is tobacco rattle virus a choice in agroinfection. In spite of the virus being of bipartite RNA nature the gene of interest is introduced only in one of the RNA before agroinfection. why so?
im basically looking for the biggest adherent cells i can find...
perhaps most importantly, a cell line that naturally assumes a larger profile in three-dimensionality on tc dishes
thank you so much for whatever thoughts you might have!
I am measuring seasonal peaks in the occurrence of a natural phenomenon. Some areas show a single peak in activity each year. Others have two peaks separated by a trough. I am looking for a way to quantify the degree to which a distribution is bi-modal.
Dear Scientists, I want to use the data of the velocity of climate change (Scott, et al., 2009), but I could not find the shapefiles.
If you konw, please tell me, thanks for your help! Best regards.
Reference: Loarie S R, Duffy P B, Hamilton H, et al., 2009. The velocity of climate change[J]. Nature, 462(7276):1052.
I have seen two equations for calculating the pore width. Eo is characteristic energy obtained from DR isotherm
L = 10.8 / (E0 – 11.4) nm
L = 6.6-1.79 ln E0
Different pore width will be obtained By using these two equation. My material is microporous in nature because it gave Type 1 isotherm behavior. So which equation is suited for finding the pore width of microporous materials?
I would like to conduct interviews on the the financiarisation of nature. Please let me know if you know anything about this subject and agree to help me
Ecosystems are outstanding examples of sustainable systems. We can borrow sustainability principles (I personally regard those principles as "sustainability mantra") from Mother Nature. They are (1) Reliance of clean & renewable energy (solar capital): No energy crisis or dirty play with pollution!, (2) Material (nutrient) cycling: No material crisis though living in a finite world!, (3) Biodiversity: Fountainhead of coexistence, cooperation,resilience, (4) Population control: In-built balance in nature controlled by inter-specific interactions (predator-prey, competitions, etc.), (5) Holism and harmony: Whole is more than the sum of parts! There's no waste, no pollution, no dearth of resources, no energy crunch in nature's world! No excess is anywhere, sufficiency and efficiency reign everywhere! Examples are abound. Adopting and implementing those sustainability principles we humans can guide our life styles, economic, industrial and developmental activities in order to usher in an environmental and sustainability revolution.
Be a part of this should-be-sustaining discussion and play a role in spreading nature's nature to promote sustainability in all spheres of our life - individual, industrial, social, local, glocal to global.
Mother Nature has the awesome R&D laboratory of her own. She has invented time-tested and trusted algorithms, optimized structures, designs, processes, tools, techniques, means and measures that humans can only try to emulate and imitate, but hardly reach that level of optimization. Living organisms are all unique by some way or other, the structures of cellular organization, the architecture of biogenic structures and substances generate wonder! The lotus's surface, bee hive, spiders silk, jet propulsion in cuttle fish, biological batteries, bioluminescence, aerodynamics, hydrostatics, ultrasonics, are few among thousands of awe-inspiring things! Beyond individual levels some ecosystems also present before us exquisite examples of efficiency, sufficiency, resilience and innovation. Mother Nature naturally can be our "model, measure and mentor" in creating new inventions and solving problems that humanity is facing and struggling with. I invite some interesting and illuminating discussions that will be expected to last long...........
Hello, I have an issue on how to analyze my data and would love some help !
Here is the experiment :
- I have brain extracts from 10 different mice
- I have two drugs, one which is the natural drug and the other is the same drug with a modification. I want to verify if the metabolism of the modified drug is different from the metabolism of the natural drug.
- I incubate each of the 10 samples with equal concentrations of either
(1) the natural drug, which is the reference (tube 1)
(2) the modified drug (tube 2)
And I quantify metabolites with mass spectrometry. So in the end I have 10 datapoints for the natural drug and 10 datapoints for the modified drug, with the same 10 samples. My problem is how to compare those 2 conditions ?
The brain extracts have a lot of intrinsic variability in their ability to metabolize drugs. Therefore if I directly compare the mean of both groups, there is no significant difference both because the difference (if real) is not so big and because the standard error is huge.
Mean natural drug = 332, SEM = 190 !
Mean modified drug = 306, SEM = 184 !
I think it makes more sense to use each sample as its own control. If I divide the value for the modified drug by the value for the natural drug, I get a mean % of control of 76% with a SEM of 10%. So I think there might actually be a difference between the two drugs. But how can I test for statistical difference ? If I express both groups as % of control, obviously all values of the control group are gonna be 100% and the SEM will be zero, so this doesn't seem right...
Basically, what would be the best way to analyze this data ? Thank you for any help !
Ivan
PS for reference, here are the data :
S1 - 185 (natural) / 186 (modified) / (100% of natural)
S2 - 388 (natural) / 416 (modified) / (107% of natural)
S3 - 65 (natural) / 41 (modified) / (64% of natural)
S4 - 133 (natural) / 116 (modified) / (87% of natural)
S5 - 156 (natural) / 121 (modified) / (77% of natural)
S6 - 63 (natural) / 49 (modified) / (78% of natural)
S7 - 2019 (natural) / 1933 (modified) / (96% of natural)
S8 - 29 (natural) / 31 (modified) / (106% of natural)
S9 - 161 (natural) / 88 (modified) / (54% of natural)
S10 - 118 (natural) / 83 (modified) / (71% of natural)
"Laws in nature are relative to consistency / constant-ness of behaviour in matters. Till the time behaviour of a particle remains alike the observation present a specific patterns and perceiver will observe same ranges of results to find out a permanent law. As the behaviour changes, by observer point of view the law automatically get change on perceiving abilities. Laws are based on nature of events, not the supreme as constant. Usually laws are just comprised on the observation of specific & repeated behaviour, the needs of structural composition & operational demands are superior to past fixed laws as new knowledge if get proven over observation then replace older. Same rule get apply on All Natural & Social Sciences and Arts as well. The laws are relative to behaviour of entity, laws are not relative to observer’s perception as permanent fixed entity. A creative consciousness has ability to bring desired change in to Natural laws......."
What you suggests and see this matter, specifically with reference to AI ?
Thanks
Recently Halyomorpha halys (BMSB) became one of the major pest in Georgia for nut-trees. As this pest is almost polyphagous, this can be very dangerous for many other agricultural plants too. Therefore I would like to search and know little bit more what is done for this pest control in other countries.
I am seeking info about invasiveness of Tetraclinis articulata (syn. Callitris quadrivalvis).
I am aware of Rourke (1991) and Richardson & Rejmánek (2004) references.
Has anyone reliable info (local reports, notes) suggesting this tree established and became naturalized beyond its natural range?
Thanks
Thank you,
Jean-Marc
We are planning to make a natural alternative to synthetic or commercially-available absorbing polymers.
As shown in the attached file, there is a difference between these methods. Could anyone explain why?
Human intervention on the Planet Earth has become a domineering activity since 1750 CE. Fuels and minerals are depleting fast. The planet is populating at a faster rate at the cost of other species. Does global warming paradigm the need to be situated in the larger context of Universe? The history of nature needs more emphasis than the history of science, as latter has turned instrumentalist rather than integrative for understanding human activity on a larger canvass. Are we subverting our future for present proclivities?
Which method would you recommend to determine oxyfluorfen in natural waters?: GC or HPLC? I have seen both types of methods in the literature.
And what method would you recommend to preconcentrate the sample?
Researches proved that forest naturalness has influence on human wellbeing. Since people's sense of place is an important part of the overall human wellbeing, I would like to know is there a relationship between forest naturalness and sense of place. Please kindly suggest me the relevant references.
There have been three suspended questions in present classical set theory ever since:
1, the definition of set------should the definition of set concern the nature of elements inside the set? How we distinguish different sets(Such as Odd Number Set and Natural Number Set)? Will the nature of elements inside the set decide the existing state of the set as well as its relationship with other set?
But, it is “the different natures of the elements in real number set and natural number set” that make Cantor proved the different cardinalities between the two sets.
2, how to judge whether a set belongs to “potential infinite set” or “actual infinite set” or both “potential infinite set” and “actual infinite set”? What kind of nature do the elements have inside “potential infinite set” or “actual infinite set” or both “potential infinite set” and “actual infinite set”?
3, can we have many different bijection proofs with different result between two infinite sets? If we can, what conclusion should people choose in front of two opposite results, why?
Natural Languange Processing, World Knowledge, WordNet, Natural Language Understanding, Semantic, Lexical-Semantic Relation, Latent Semantic Analysis, Information Extraction, Extraction
In general, light is produced for household purpose with bulb, CFL, tube, LED etc from electrical power. There is a big portion of world that lives in dark after sun sets. These people do not want electrical power, they want light first.
Is it possible to create a pollution free light without electric power and without burning something. Light that is sufficient to illuminate a 12 x 12 feet hut without an electricity connection. Light that is very very cheap (not more than $1 per week and 8 hours per day)….Don’t tell solar or known things….suggest something wild…some new idea….innovative…no power only light….Just for the sake of discussion….
It is intended to know the pros and cons of various methods.
Is there any (semi-)automated tool/approach available that generate use case specification from natural language software requirements?
I'm writing a report on a study where i am both researcher and participant.Thus, I am in need in several prior researches. Any information would be appreciated.
I can't find any reference range for exchangeable N. Can you suggest a reference?
What software models a mathematical function for a natural phenomenon taking into consideration some given restrictions?
Rare Earth Elements, Charges, Shells,
Some factors such as distance to road and to facilities are influential in price of land. Can anyone tell me what are environmental factors that can affect the price of land?
As opposed to mathematics being an invention, what evidence would convince us that mathematics is there already in Nature?
I am looking at the intensity of natural events, both climatic and geologic, that are predicted to intensify due to climate change. My main interest is the increase in the number and intensity of hurricanes.
Microorganisms are present everywhere, in soil, water, and air. Are buildings and monuments (old or new) acting as habitat or living worlds of different microorganisms? How do they get their food and how do they survive? As soil and water carries various nutrients that support microbial growth, are building structures also providing nutrients/ food for microbial growth? If yes, how?
The word "pattern" in everyday parlance often means something typical that can be repeated, something characteristically capable of repetition into similar copies (Ulf Grenander, Elements of Pattern Theory, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1996, p. 94). For example, in nature one can observe myriads of patterns in plant leaves or in beehives or in branches of trees or in the honeycomb-like shapes in dragonfly wings. Again, for example, in nature definite patterns can be observed in the daily life of animals: waking at sunrise time, finding water, hunting for food, socializing, and going to sleep at sunset time. In each case, there are observable patterns. So then the question arises as to whether the patterns in human geometric designs simply reflect patterns found in nature. Or whether patterns in human designs are somehow different in noticeable ways.
For an example of a human geometric pattern, consider a pattern in a Penrose tiling. A penrose tiling (inspired by Roger Penrose) is a non-periodic tiling generated by an aperiodic set of prototiles. For a sample Penrose tiling, see the attached image. A Penrose pattern is self-similar, so the same patterns are repeated in larger and larger scales. Such patterns, introduced by the British physicist and cosmologist, are examples of periodic tilings. M.C. Escher, the Dutch artist, is famous for pictures of periodic tilings with shapes that resemble living things.
The question might be apparently simple, but I could not google a single satisfactory answer. I would like to develop a device for picking a number of small stones from the ground without human bend.
Researchers from the Cavendish Laboratories, University of Cambridge, mimicked a self-cleaning film on Mott’s eyes and combined it with titan-dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 nanocrystals), which seems increasing significantly effectiveness and sealing of surfaces, including different materials, (e.g.glass).
This may lead to a revolution sealing surfaces in many aspects of industry, as well as medical devices and surgical instruments.