Nature - Science topic

Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,

Although global cooperation on environmental protection is theoretically a key factor in the fight against climate change, there is no clear evidence that it can effectively prevent the negative effects of climate change, especially in view of the differences in approaches to environmental issues in different countries. For the purposes of this discussion, I have formulated the following research thesis: global environmental cooperation can be effective in preventing the negative effects of climate change if countries develop joint strategies and monitoring mechanisms and effectively introduce innovative technologies on a global scale. Therefore, research in this area should focus on analysing existing examples of international cooperation in environmental protection, such as the Paris Agreement, to identify effective mechanisms of action. It will be important to examine which technologies can have the greatest impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and which actions can lead to an effective exchange of knowledge and technology between countries. This research will also have to take into account the differences in the levels of development of individual countries, as well as their attitudes towards environmental protection.

The following articles of mine are related to the above issues in some aspects:

I have described the key issues concerning the green transformation of the economy in the following article:

What is your opinion on this topic?

What do you think about this?

Please reply,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,

Species extinction is one of the most serious environmental problems of our time. Biotechnology offers tools that can support species conservation, e.g. through cloning, gene editing or in vitro breeding. For the purposes of this discussion, I have formulated the following research thesis: the use of biotechnology for species conservation will help to stop many species from becoming extinct, but the effectiveness of this approach depends on political and social support and a reduction in human activities that affect the environment. In light of this, biotechnology, such as CRISPR-Cas9 techniques, can be used to improve the resistance of plants and animals to climate change, disease or pollution. However, reducing extinction requires above all the reduction of destructive human activities, such as deforestation and raw material exploitation. In addition, ethical questions must be considered: Is interfering with animal genomes or bringing them back to life compatible with the principles of nature conservation?

I have described the key issues concerning the green transformation of the economy in the following article:

In the following article, I have summarised the results of my research on the relationship between sustainability issues, the origin and significance of the Sustainable Development Goals, the essence of sustainability in the context of social, normative, economic, environmental, climate and human rights aspects, etc. The research also focused on the key determinants of human existential security as an element of the concept of sustainable development.

And what is your opinion on this matter?

Please reply,

I invite everyone to the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,

The loss of biodiversity is one of the greatest environmental challenges. The question is whether it is more effective to protect untouched areas or to restore degraded environments. For the purposes of this discussion, I have formulated the following research thesis: the creation of new protected areas better protects unique ecosystems, but restoration may bring greater global benefits. The research shows that the protection of existing natural areas, such as rainforests, is crucial for the preservation of unique species and ecosystem functions. On the other hand, restoration allows the recovery of degraded land, e.g. by recreating wetlands or planting forests, which can increase the global area that is friendly to life. Both approaches require significant financial resources and international cooperation, therefore it is necessary to prioritise an approach tailored to local needs.

My following articles are related to the above issues in some aspects:

And what is your opinion on this matter?

Please reply,

I invite everyone to the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Effective environmental education is crucial for changing social habits and attitudes towards the environment. Media campaigns reach a wide audience, but they are short-term, while the introduction of compulsory environmental education in schools involves a long-term learning process and costs. Research shows that compulsory environmental education in schools has a greater long-term impact on changing environmental attitudes than media campaigns. Therefore, the educational programmes in schools can shape ecological habits from an early age, which increases the chances of their consolidation in adult life. However, this requires adequate preparation of teachers, development of educational materials and significant financial outlays. Media campaigns, on the other hand, are more flexible and can react quickly to new environmental challenges, but their effectiveness depends on the regularity and quality of the message. The final solution may be to combine both approaches to maximise educational effects.

I have described the key issues concerning the green transformation of the economy in the following article:

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please reply,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Ocean pollution, including plastic pollution, is a serious problem that threatens marine ecosystems and human health worldwide. Millions of tonnes of plastic end up in the oceans every year, where it breaks down into microplastics that pollute the water, settle on the seabed and enter the food chain. Plastic threatens the lives of marine animals that mistake it for food, leading to death by suffocation, entanglement or damage to the digestive tract. Microplastics that enter the food chain can also end up in the human body, where they can cause health problems. In addition to plastic, the oceans are polluted with other substances such as heavy metals, pesticides and sewage, which also endanger marine ecosystems and human health. An effective solution to the problem of ocean pollution requires action on many levels, such as reducing plastic production, recycling plastic, cleaning up the oceans and promoting sustainable fishing. Scientific research plays an important role in solving this problem by providing the knowledge and analysis necessary to develop effective strategies.

I have described the key issues concerning the problem of the ongoing process of global warming, the negative effects of this process and, consequently, the need to increase the scale and speed up the process of the green transformation of the economy, climate protection, the biosphere and biodiversity of the planet in the following article:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The results of numerous scientific studies confirm that the destruction of forests, water and soil pollution, and the loss of biodiversity are serious problems that threaten ecosystems and human well-being. These negative changes, resulting from the overexploitation of natural resources, industrial activities, agriculture and urbanisation, lead to environmental degradation and have far-reaching consequences. The destruction of forests, the Earth's lungs, contributes to climate change, soil erosion and loss of biodiversity. Water and soil pollution caused by industrial waste water, pesticides and waste endangers the health of humans and animals. The loss of biodiversity disrupts the balance in ecosystems, making them more susceptible to change. To solve these problems, it is necessary to implement comprehensive strategies, including nature conservation, sustainable management of natural resources and the promotion of green technologies. Scientific research plays a key role in solving these problems, providing the knowledge and tools necessary for environmental protection and sustainable development.

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this matter?

Please reply,

I invite everyone to the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear friends,

I am looking for academic fields that combine nature and psychological therapy. As I know, there are fields include forest therapy and horticultural therapy. I am just wondering are there any other academic fields that combine these two together?

Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,

In recent years, the need to accelerate and increase the efficiency of the green transformation of the economy has been growing in importance. This is due to the need to increase the scale of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, as generated by energy, industry, transportation, livestock farms, etc. continue to generate high greenhouse gas emissions and the global warming process is accelerating as a result. If the processes of green transformation of the economy are not significantly accelerated then the exceeding of 1.5 degrees C of the average temperature of the planet's atmosphere (counting from the beginning of the first industrial revolution) will happen even before the end of the current decade and the occurrence of a global climate catastrophe in the second half of this 21st century will become inevitable. One of the key elements of the green transformation of the economy is the cessation of deforestation processes and the development of reforestation programs for civilizationally degraded areas, post-industrial areas, post-mining heaps, urban areas as part of the reduction of concretions, and post-agricultural areas where the soil has been depleted due to the intensification of agriculture in the industrial model. By 2023, the deforestation rate in the rainforests of the Amazon natural rainforest has been almost halved in Brazil. This is a very good trend, in which perhaps finally the scale of protection of these natural highly biodiverse forests is beginning to improve significantly. This is especially important because the highly biodiverse rainforest ecosystems of the tropical natural forests of the Amazon contain more than 300 million unique species of flora and fauna and the Amazon forest is still the largest natural area of forest ecosystem that plays a key role in the natural process of absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere and emitting oxygen. The ongoing logging of trees in the Amazon forest, and the logging of trees in other areas of natural forest ecosystems as well, which is being carried out in a formula of predatory pseudo-management, should be recognized as a crime of destroying the planet's strategic natural resources generating an increase in the threat to human existence on planet Earth. Perhaps in this way, through appropriate changes in legal regulations, the large-scale deforestation of forest areas still taking place in many parts of the world and/or the predatory pseudo-management of forests that is being carried out would finally be ended.

I presented the issue of human security in connection with the green transformation of the economy, pro-environmental policies and the implementation of sustainable development goals in the article:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Ongoing research shows that included in Goal 15 (out of the UN's 17 Sustainable Development Goals) is the restoration of the natural environment of biodiverse ecosystems in post-industrial areas, the restoration of highly biodiverse forest ecosystems, the development of afforestation programs, which should already be implemented on a large scale by 2020 (Task 15.1. included in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: By 2020, ensure the protection, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and other ecosystems, particularly forests, wetlands and drylands, and mountains, in accordance with international commitments). has still not been implemented in some countries. In some countries, in recent years, there are still many post-industrial areas, including mining spoil heaps, that have not been developed in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, i.e. restoration of the natural environment has not been undertaken. In addition, in some countries, still instead of sustainable forest management consisting of strict protection of old-growth, natural highly biodiverse forest ecosystems, restoration of biodiverse forest ecosystems referring to the natural ones occurring for thousands of years in a specific area characterized by a specific mix of natural and climatic conditions, industrial cultivation of only some tree species for industrial cutting is carried out, and predatory pseudo forest management consisting of cutting all trees in a specific area is carried out, including cutting down old-growth forests and by the way destroying entire biodiverse ecosystems, which also results in accelerated degradation, soil barrenness, deterioration of water retention and local microclimate. On the other hand, it has been widely known for many years on the basis of the results of thousands of research works that restoration of the natural environment, including biodiverse forest ecosystems, increases the scale of sustainability in terms of human-biosphere, climate and biodiversity relations. In turn, the restoration of the natural environment in post-industrial and other areas degraded by unsustainable human activity increases the areas of the biosphere and reduces the scale of the negative effects of civilizational unsustainable human activity, including reducing the scale of environmental pollution and reducing the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The effect is to slow down the progressive greenhouse effect and thus reduce the scale of global warming. Reducing the scale and slowing down the progressive process of global warming generates a reduction in the scale of the negative effects of the ongoing climate change, i.e. a reduction in the scale and frequency of weather anomalies and climatic disasters, including, above all, the increasingly severe periods of drought covering more and more land areas, in addition to the yearly occurrence of higher and higher summer temperatures, increasingly severe shortages of drinking water and/or increasingly violent storms with torrential rains and floods. Therefore, the restoration of the natural environment in areas degraded by the development of industry, ongoing mining activities or unsustainable agriculture in the industrial formula, including the development of afforestation programs, restoration of biodiverse forest ecosystems contributes to improving the local microclimate, improves water retention processes, slows down the processes of soil barrenness and/or reverses these processes, contributes to the restoration of highly fertile and biodiverse microbial soils, results in increasing the scale of ecological and climatic sustainability, increases the scale of resilience of the planet's highly biodiverse natural ecosystems and/or flexibility to adapt to a changing climate, and improves livelihoods for humans as well. Therefore, taking into account the above-mentioned great positive qualities of the processes of restoration of the natural natural environment, including biodiverse forest ecosystems then, in parallel, the scale of strict nature conservation should be increased, including increasing the areas of natural ecosystems, including natural natural ecosystems and those being restored. In this way, the amount of greenhouse gases accumulating in the atmosphere will increase more slowly, and thus the process of global warming, which has been accelerating over the past several decades, can be slowed down. In view of the above, due to the high level of relevance of the process of restoration of the natural environment, reclamation of areas of natural ecosystems devastated by man, protection of highly biodiverse natural ecosystems for the climate and biosphere of the planet and also for future generations of people, restoration of the natural environment, including biodiverse forest ecosystems in post-industrial and other areas degraded by unsustainable human activities should be considered one of the priority elements of the green transformation of the economy. Implemented fully and seriously, the green transformation of the economy, in which an important role is played by pro-climate, pro-environmental, pro-biodiversity and thus realistically also pro-social policies, should also fully take into account the UN 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Unfortunately, this is still not practiced in all parts of the world.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Regards,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The realization of sustainable development goals, the implementation of climate and environmental policies, the implementation of the green economy transformation process, etc. the goal of building a sustainable, emission-free, green closed-loop economy is, among other things, to rapidly reduce greenhouse gas emissions going into the atmosphere until the economy becomes emission-free, so that the planet's greenhouse effect process is effectively reduced and baby the progressive process of global warming slows down. However, since the key negative effects of the progressive process of global warming include increasingly severe droughts, higher and higher temperatures during summer heat waves, acceleration of soil aridity, more frequent forest fires but also sometimes unusual weather anomalies, violent storms with torrential downpours causing flooding and sometimes problematic floods, so the implementation of the process of green transformation of the economy becomes a key element in the systemic protection of the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems as well. In recent years, new ICT and Industry 4.0/5.0, including Internet of Things technologies, cloud computing, multi-criteria simulation models, digital twins, smart technologies, Big Data Analytics, Business Intelligence analytical and reporting systems, machine learning, deep learning, generative artificial intelligence, are being applied in improving techniques for monitoring the state of the planet's natural ecosystems and developing techniques for protecting the biodiversity of natural ecosystems.

I have described the key issues concerning the problem of green transformation of the economy in the following article:

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

I invite you to discuss this important topic for the future of the planet's biosphere and climate.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I have 6 ecosystems, 3 of which are substrate A and the other 3 are substrate B. each ecosystem has about 10 species. I have calculated a simpsons value for each ecosystem and a simpsons value for each substrate. I would like to statistically compare the two index values of substrate A and B, is this possible in any way? Since I would like to statistically compare the biodiversity between the two substrates, what is the best way to go about this?

I have six ecosystems in two substrate categories (Triplicates essentially). I have determined shannon wiener index values for each ecosystem and also for the two categories separately. I have done this for two separate sets of data that were sampled in two separate years. Is it possible to statistically compare the development of the biodiversity between each of the categories i.e., the development of biodiveristy in ecosystem 1 between the two years, using the shannon wiener values somehow? Are there any other tests that could work? I am aware of the hutcheson t test however, some of my data is not normally distributed.

I would really appreciate some help!

I have six ecosystems in two substrate categories (Triplicates essentially). I have determined shannon wiener index values for each ecosystem and also for the two categories separately. I have done this for two separate sets of data that were sampled in two separate years. Is it possible to statistically compare the development of the biodiversity between each of the categories i.e., the development of biodiveristy in ecosystem 1 between the two years, using the shannon wiener values somehow? Are there any other tests that could work? I am aware of the hutcheson t test however, some of my data is not normally distributed.

I would really appreciate some help!

Is it very literally subbing in shannon wiener index values instead of species abundances?

In the 21st century, new megatrends of global, long-term, multi-year processes, including processes of climate change, processes of environmental change, social processes, economic processes, processes of changing economic paradigms and processes of green transformation of the economy, are taking place or are just beginning to take place. What all these processes have in common is that they are proceeding on a multi-year scale, they are multi-faceted, complex, interrelated, they operate as objective processes, they are increasingly visible, the role and importance of these processes is growing. However, what is particularly important and what differentiates these processes from each other is the rate of progressive change, including the development of the determinants that generate these processes. Well, taking into account the period since the first industrial revolution, both the process of global warming is progressing faster and faster, as well as the process of people noticing these climate changes and their effects, the process of development of pro-climate and pro-environmental awareness of citizens, as well as the process of green transformation of the economy, which has been taking place since relatively recently, is also progressing faster and faster every year. However, the pace of the progressive process of increasing the level of pro-ecological, pro-environmental and pro-climate awareness and the processes of man-made green transformation of the economy, which are aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, slowing down the processes of climate change, reducing the scale of the negative effects of these processes, reducing the scale of the level of environmental pollution, reducing the scale of nature degradation, increasing the scale of climate and biosphere protection, reducing the scale of the loss of biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems are still progressing too slowly in view of the accelerating process of global warming.

Given the speed of the progressive process of global warming and the pace of the green transition process being implemented, the important change that can also be made in a relatively longer period of time is the change in the consciousness of citizens to a more pro-climate, pro-environment and pro-environment. However, how much of a change in consciousness it may take, involving, for example However, how long it may take to change people's consciousness, such as fully understanding the need to change their diet to a meat-free one, not using motor vehicles powered by combustion engines or at least turning off the engine when the vehicle is stationary, not mowing lawns but changing them into flower meadows, planting trees where possible, not buying new clothes when the ones used so far are not damaged, not buying different kinds of products when the ones used so far are still fully functional, repairing previously used household appliances and other equipment instead of buying new ones, and if buying it at second-hand equipment sales, etc.? perhaps depends on many factors. This kind of change in consciousness to pro-climate, pro-environment and pro-environment will perhaps take a generation, perhaps shorter or longer. This issue is determined, among others, by such factors as education; the message coming from the media; the information policy of the new media, including online social media; climate, environmental, energy, agricultural policies shaped by politicians; the addition of the goals of sustainable development, green business transformation, environmental social responsibility, climate responsibility, etc. to the development strategy and mission of a company, enterprise, bank, public institution, etc. Besides, the aforementioned factors are interrelated, influence each other and act as an interconnected system of vessels. The key issue of changing the level of pro-environmental and pro-climate awareness is the information policy shaped by decision-makers, by governments, by key public institutions on the issues of ecology, climate, the environment, the role of man in the greenhouse gas emissions generated by civilization, the accelerating process of global warming, the increasingly prevalent and growing negative effects of these processes, environmental degradation, the rapid decline in the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems, the green transformation of the economy, etc..., the specific climate, environmental, energy policies applied by the governments of the countries and, therefore, real pro-social policies, the role of the media in promoting the above-mentioned issues, including, among others, the accelerating process of global warming and the need to accelerate the processes of green transformation of the economy, the role of youth education in these issues, etc.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

I invite you to discuss this important topic for the future of the planet's biosphere and climate.

I invite you to familiarize yourself with the issues described in the publications given above and to scientific cooperation in these issues.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

State the reasons in the case of  non crop plants, which is a timber yielding one?

Can anyone share their experience regarding the acquisition or gifting of cell lines mentioned in a Nature article? Specifically, I am interested in knowing if there are any journal-specific policies involved.

The cell line in question contains a CRISPR-mediated stably expressing protein labeled with GFP, and its published in the Nature journal. I intend to use this cell line for my own experiment. Naturally, I am willing to acknowledge or provide authorship as appropriate. However, I would like to know if it is possible to obtain this cell line directly from the PIs lab and what the relevant policies are of nature journals if I get them from PI lab (I understand I will refer the article).

Has anyone ever received or gifted cell lines before? I am aware that exchanging plasmids is a common occurrence, but I have never personally obtained cell lines in this manner.

I appreciate any information you can provide.

Thank you in advance.

For example, in the country where I operate during the winter season, during a period where for many previous decades of time there was usually snow and temperatures were minus temperatures reaching as high as 20-30 degrees Frost is during the current "winter" in February 2024 there are positive temperatures all over the country, even positive double digits. Hoteliers, owners of ski slopes in the Tatra mountains are reporting much lower interest in their services. Fruit growers fear the return of morning frosts, which would cause the buds of flowers, which appear exceptionally early on shrubs and fruit trees, to freeze. Beekeepers fear for their bees, which have begun to leave their hives unusually early. But these are not the only effects of weather anomalies, climate disasters, climate change, the process of global warming, which has been occurring with increasing frequency in recent years. The negative effects of the increasingly rapid process of global warming on the environment, on agriculture, on the economy as a whole, on human existence in cities and in the countryside are constantly increasing, and the scale of the negative impact of climate change is constantly growing. In the country in which I operate in the summer season in recent years there have been record high temperatures, increasingly persistent heat, longer and longer periods of drought, little rainfall and increasingly frequent forest fires. In some regions of the country, water supplies are already beginning to run out during periods when citizens are watering their gardens and flowerbeds, washing cars, filling swimming pools, etc. At that time, local authorities are recommending restrictions on the use of tap water and imposing periodic bans on the use of clean water from the municipal water supply for watering lawns, washing cars and filling swimming pools. On the other hand, financial incentives, i.e. subsidies for the creation of water reservoirs for rainwater collection, rainwater catchment systems and irrigation of gardens, lawns, green areas, etc. with the help of rainwater thus collected, are being introduced as part of the increase in the scale of economical water consumption. The scale of the negative effects of the ongoing process of global warming is increasing every year. In many regions of the world, due to the accelerating process of global warming, the productivity of agricultural crops in agriculture is declining, the number of pollinating insects is declining, green areas in cities are drying up, living conditions in urban areas are deteriorating, the demand for electricity is increasing, which is caused, among other things, by the increase in the scale of use of cooling equipment during summer heat waves, the level of biodiversity in areas of natural natural ecosystems is decreasing, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the processes of green transformation of the economy, including green transformation of such economic sectors as energy, agriculture, transportation, construction, heavy industry, etc.

I am conducting research on this issue. I study in a multifaceted and interdisciplinary way the issue of factors, determinants of climate change, the increasingly rapid process of global warming, and the effects of these processes on the environment, on civilization, agriculture, the economy, etc. On the other hand, I analyze the possibilities of smoothly carrying out a pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation of the classic growth, brown, linear economy of excess into a sustainable, green, zero-carbon zero-growth and closed-cycle economy. By building a green, sustainable closed loop economy, it will be possible to slow down the still accelerating global warming process and reduce the negative effects of these climate change processes. Will it be possible to reverse these processes? Unfortunately, this is unlikely with the green transformation of the economy progressing as slowly as it is now, and the still low level of awareness of many citizens on this topic, ignoring the high level of relevance of this issue in the business and political world. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In my opinion, climate protection combines with the protection of the biosphere and the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems in many ways. Many issues of climate protection also affect the issue of the biosphere and biodiversity of the natural ecosystems of the planet. On the other hand, by taking care of the state of nature, protecting the natural environment, strengthening systems for protecting the biosphere, and improving solutions for protecting the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems, we also contribute to protecting the planet's climate. Many issues in the aforementioned issues of protecting the planet's climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems are interrelated. For example, increasing the scale of reforestation, restoration of natural ecosystems, restoration of biodiverse forest ecosystems both constitute an important element in the protection of nature, the biosphere and biodiversity of flora and fauna but are also an important element in the protection of the climate, both the microclimate locally and the climate globally. In recent times, the change in trends occurring in many urban areas from the ubiquitous years ago so-called concretization, that is, the removal of green areas, the creation of wide sidewalks, concrete squares, asphalt surfaces, etc. to greening, creation of new city parks, reduction of concretes, reduction of areas covered with concrete and asphalt, creation of additional green areas, lawns, flower meadows, pocket parks, etc. is also an important element of pro-climate and at the same time pro-environmental, sustainable economic development and a feature of a modern city developing in accordance with the green smart city concept. Also, the replacement of unsustainable, implemented according to the formula of intensive, production agriculture with sustainable organic agriculture at the same time fits into the pro-environmental and pro-climate policy. Conservation of water resources, implementation of water efficiency systems, creation of rainwater catchment facilities for use in agriculture and irrigation of parks and home gardens is also an important element of sustainable development, green closed-loop economics and protection of both the biosphere and the planet's climate. Also, the creation of new landscape parks, conservation areas, natural national parks is an important element in the protection of the biosphere, biodiversity and the planet's climate.

Key aspects of the negative effects of the ongoing process of global warming and the associated necessary acceleration of the processes of green transformation of the economy in order to decarbonize the economy, slow down the process of global warming, protect the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of natural ecosystems of the planet I described in the article:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Hello,

do you think that full spectrum LEDs are less useful than red and blue light for growing green, leafy plants (e.g. lettuce, spiderwort, cress etc.)? I have read many articles on this and know the theory. In practice, however, I see many greenhouses, especially in vertical farming, in which full-spectrum LEDs (cool white) are used. So who is right?

Thank you!

The restoration of biodiverse natural forest ecosystems in civilization-degraded areas, post-industrial areas, post-mining spoil heap areas, post-agricultural areas characterized by permanent drought and depleted soil, areas increasingly exposed to the negative effects of climate change, including global warming, etc., is one of several key elements of restoration. is one of several key elements in the reclamation of the natural environment, and thus also one of the main factors in the green transformation of the economy, building a sustainable closed-loop economy, achieving the goals of sustainable development, protecting the planet's biosphere, biodiversity and climate. The technological advances taking place should help smoothly carry out the green transformation of the economy, protecting nature, biodiversity and the planet's climate. Accordingly, new technologies, including Big Data Analytics, artificial intelligence and other Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies, should be used in the restoration of biodiverse natural forest ecosystems. However, the aforementioned new technologies, including Big Data Analytics technology, artificial intelligence and other Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies, especially when they are used in large computerized data centers then consume large amounts of energy. Therefore, in order for the process of using new technologies, including Big Data Analytics, artificial intelligence and other technologies that consume large amounts of energy when they are used in large data centers to fit in with the trend of green transformation of the economy and the realization of sustainable development goals, they should be powered by electricity generated from renewable and zero-carbon energy sources.

I described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear colleagues

Good morning. I have noticed that extreme natural phenomena are more frequent. Is this assumption correct? Please comment (photos are welcome).

Best regards

Ioannis Kamvisis

In Spain, in mid-December, wintertime temps on the Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean coasts were recorded at around 30 degrees C, or temperatures that were once considered typically summer in Europe for many years are now occurring in winter. But this is just one of the last recorded numerous occurrences of record-high, historically highest levels of the planet's atmospheric temperature in 2023. Never before have such high, record-breaking atmospheric temperatures been recorded so often and in so many parts of the world during the summer heat and beyond.

That the companies and enterprises of the combustion, dirty energy sector, lobbyists and others acting on their behalf, for the interests, business of the companies and enterprises of the combustion energy sector is a matter of course. The driving force behind the development of business operating in the dirty combustion energy sector is dominated by selfishness, greed and lack of looking to the future, ignoring the future of the climate, the biosphere, the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems and the future of future generations of people. Greed and selfishness, lack of social, climate and environmental responsibility, including ignoring the issue of responsibility for the future of the next generations of people, dominate. As early as the 1970s, some leading oil companies commissioned and financed scientific studies, or should we say pseudo-scientific studies with a predetermined informal result of these pseudo-studies on climate change and the role of human activity in these changes with a predetermined confirmation of the thesis that it is not the burning of fossil fuels that is responsible for the progressive warming of the climate. Through these actions, humanity has lost half a century of time. If a few decades ago the companies of the fossil fuel extraction and energy sector had not covered up the actual results of the studies carried out, if they had not swept the problem of global warming under the rug, if they had not financed fictitious studies that had the predetermined goal of questioning the role of fossil fuel combustion as the main factor generating the process of global warming, then the process of green transformation of the economy, including the green transformation of the energy sector, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, counteracting and reducing the scale of the greenhouse effect could have been started half a century earlier. Half a century of time is precisely the time that will be sorely lacking in the 21st century, because the process of global warming is accelerating and what has been done so far in terms of the green transformation of the economy, including the green transformation of the energy sector is still far from sufficient. For wasting half a century of time on this issue, humanity owes it to the deliberately unethical, anti-social, anti-climate and anti-environmental activities of companies and enterprises operating in the fossil fuel extraction, processing and combustion sector. It is these companies and enterprises that bear the main responsibility for the lost time of the mid-century. Time that is now in short supply. Time that may be missing to prevent the critical level of the amount of CO2 and other greenhouse gases emitted into the planet's atmosphere from occurring in a few years or so, after which the process of global warming will further accelerate and enter a path of irreversible process which may then inevitably lead to the occurrence of a global climate catastrophe already in the second half of the 21st century. The result of this catastrophe will be a much greater degradation of the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems to a much greater extent than has occurred to date. This will lead to most land areas experiencing permanent heat, droughts, forest fires, tornadoes, violent storms. The climate and nature will be destroyed to such an extent that there will be no living conditions for humans in most land areas of the planet. For all this, the full responsibility lies mainly with the companies and enterprises that continue to extract, process and burn fossil fuels and have knowingly for at least half a century, since the 1970s or even before, knowingly misled the public by claiming that humans are not responsible for global warming despite the fact that they themselves knew that this was not true, that it is their activities that are generating high greenhouse gas emissions to a key degree, which results in the planet's greenhouse effect and the global warming process proceeding ever faster.

Unfortunately, it is still the case that not only in the business community, but also in the political and scientific community, there are still a few representatives of the position of questioning the results of many scientific studies confirming the thesis that it is the man-built combustion economy that is the main source of the accelerating process of global warming and the growing risk of a global climate and environmental catastrophe in the perspective of the next few decades. In fact, this is an obvious point, and the question should be: Why is this still being questioned?

In view of the above, 2023 was the warmest year in 130,000 years. It was another year in a row with historically high temperatures of the planet's atmosphere recorded in various parts of the world during the summer and non-summer recurrent seasons. Researchers and scientists operating in various parts of the world, on the basis of their research work, conclude that it is the civilizational activity of humans within the framework of the development of the combustion emission economy that is the source of climate change, the working greenhouse effect, the accelerating process of global warming and the ever-increasing risk of a global climate catastrophe in the current 21st century. In 2023-2024, the cyclical El Ninio effect is also an additional factor in the increase in the average temperature of the planet's atmosphere. If you disagree with the above thesis, with which about 99 percent of researchers and scientists around the world agree, then give your scientific arguments.

A lot of data on the planet's climate, including the results of studies of long-term climate change indicate that the current year 2024 will also be another year of record high temperatures of the planet's atmosphere and the scale of weather anomalies and climate disasters may increase again.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have described the key aspects of the above issue in the article: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

I invite you to scientific cooperation in this problematic,

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Another security line has been crossed in 2023. The increase in average global temperature will reach 1.4 degrees Celsius above the level of the Industrial Revolution this year, the World Meteorological Organization is warning.

This year's preliminary report by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), titled "State of the Global Climate," confirms that 2023 will be the warmest year on record for measurements, surpassing the so far record-breaking year of 2016, when an increase of 1.2 degrees Celsius in average global temperature was recorded. This signals that the world, despite declarations to the contrary, is moving away from its stated goals for action to limit temperature increases. Climatology research shows that there has been a record increase in average atmospheric temperature in the global scla in 2023. The World Meteorological Organization has published a report presenting the results of research conducted on long-term climate change analysis. The publication of this report took place in early December 2023, i.e. at the beginning of the UN Climate Summit COP28 in Dubai.

The crossing of the aforementioned next security limit confirming the thesis of the increasing scale of the natural and climate catastrophe unequivocally means that the declarations made by the leaders of the world's leading countries on combating climate change at the UN Climate COP, among others, do not fully coincide with actions and the actions taken are still far too limited. Unfortunately, individual countries are not meeting their declared targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to a sufficient degree. The recent UN Climate Summit COP28 in Dubai indicates that this does not look like it will change any time soon. WMO Secretary-General Peterri Taalas, commenting on the theses of a report prepared by the organization he heads, said, "Greenhouse gas emissions are at record levels. The average global temperature is at record levels, water levels in the oceans and seas are rising, the Antarctic ice sheet is at record thinness."

WMO Secretary-General Peterri Taalas also announced that "these are not just statistics. We risk losing the battle to save the glaciers and halt the rise in sea and ocean levels. We can't go back to the 20th century, but we must act today to reduce the risk of a climate that is very unfavorable to life." In support of these words, the report's authors point out that in 2023, the Arctic's ice cap area is only one million square kilometers, less than the previous infamous record in this category. In addition, glaciers in the Swiss Alps have shrunk by 10 percent in the past two years. The scale of forest fires has increased. Forest fires in Canada that occurred in 2023 covered a record 5 percent of the country's total forested areas. These are just some examples of events that are related to climate change. But from the aforementioned report there is also a small spark of hope for humanity and the planet's biosphere.

Well, the conclusions of the authors of the WMO report, however, do not mean that we have already permanently crossed the threshold of a 1.5-degree increase in average temperature, which the Paris Agreement defined as a level that means catastrophic and irreversible global climate change. On the other hand, however, it is a threatening prediction, a highly probable long-term forecast of what may happen in the near future. Besides, what until recently was referred to as a long-term prediction of how climate change will shape up over the next few decades is likely to take place over a much shorter period, as the processes of climate change, including the progressive process of global warming, have accelerated significantly in recent years.

According to data reported by Reuters, there are many indications that 2024 may see further records of the planet's atmospheric temperature increase. As a result, 2024 could be another year of records in terms of changes in average global temperature. One of the additional factors intensifying the magnitude of the planet's temperature increase in 2024 is the phenomenon known as El Nino, i.e. the phenomenon of the persistence of above-average surface temperatures in the equatorial zone of the Pacific. Well, during the operation of the El Nino phenomenon, large amounts of energy flow from the ocean to the atmosphere, causing a short-term increase in the average temperature of the Earth's surface and increasing the likelihood of a year with record high average temperatures. The full release of the State of the Global Climate 2023 report is expected in the first half of 2024.

In view of the above, there is not much time left to save the planet's climate, biosphere and biodiversity. To what extent it will be possible to save the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems for future generations depends on how quickly and efficiently the green transformation of the economy can be carried out, including the green transformation of the energy sector, and succeed in building a green, zero-emission, sustainable closed-loop economy.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have described key aspects of the above issue in the article: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

I invite you to scientific cooperation in this problematic,

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

A key premise for formulating such questions is the adage that a drop beats a rock. Often, when we wonder whether to choose a bicycle instead of an internal combustion car as a means of transportation in a situation of driving to a nearby store, the answer appears that, after all, with this one gesture, this action performed only by us in a situation where many other people, including neighbors, friends, etc. do not do it, we ourselves will not save the climate and the biosphere. But, after all, this is what many people think. And each individual, if this thinking would change and replace the car with a bicycle then one drop will turn into thousands and then into millions of drops, into rain, into a river and large-scale changes will be realized. The same applies, for example, to the issue of segregating waste, to the use of pesticides in the home garden, to the creation of a flower meadow instead of mowing the lawn, to changing consumption habits to more prudent and sustainable ones, on the reuse of used products and recyclables in the sharing economy, etc. Of course, green financial subsidies, regulatory change are key instruments to motivate this kind of change, to systemically address the issue of smoothly carrying out the green transformation of the economy to build a sustainable, zero-carbon, green closed-loop economy. However, the adage that a drop drills the scale is valid. In this regard, it is particularly important to change the consciousness and mentality of individual people individually and, at the same time, of many people in society.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion about it?

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please answer,

I invite you all to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the global agricultural sector, sustainable organic agriculture is still in a significant minority vis-à-vis unsustainable production and expansive agriculture, which, within the production of meat raw material, is one of several major GHG-emitting sectors of the economy. The sector of unsustainable, high-carbon, expansive agriculture conducted in a production model that does not respect the planet's climate and biosphere should be included in the green economy transformation programs being developed. This is one of the key issues of the necessary increase in the scale and efficiency of green economy transformation processes. The aforementioned increase in the scale and efficiency of the processes of green transformation of the economy is necessary in order to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase the chances of stopping the increasingly rapid process of global warming, including, above all, stopping the increase in the average temp. of the planet's atmosphere at a level in the neighborhood of 1.5 degrees C compared to the state before the first industrial revolution. The development of sustainable organic agriculture of the production of vegetable crops without the use of pesticides and other pesticides is not only the production of healthier vegetable crops, devoid of chemicals in their composition. The development of sustainable organic agriculture of the production of vegetable crops in a formula that takes into account the realization of the goals of sustainable development, social climate responsibility and environmental responsibility are also, among other things. protection of pollinating insects, protection of soils from barrenness, stopping deforestation of forests and replacing this process with aforestation of wasteland and civilizationally degraded areas, increasing the scale of use of vegetable agricultural waste for the production of compost for fertilization of agricultural fields and soil fertilization, a significant reduction in the level of environmental pollution, powering the farm with energy from renewable and emission-free energy sources, building rainwater catchment and collection facilities for irrigation of gardens and farmland, replacing carbon-intensive production of meat raw material with alternative sustainable technologies for animal protein production, building biogas plants to produce biofuels to power agricultural machinery, creating areas and green belts separating individual farm fields, developing sustainable agro-tourism and manufactories for the production of local food products from agricultural crops the origin of sustainable organic farming, etc.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Highly biodiverse natural forests have been forming for thousands of years, and through the use of predatory pseudo-management of forests, predatory logging of entire stands, including aged old-growth forests, burning of forests for productive unsustainable agricultural crops, etc., forest areas are rapidly decreasing year by year. Highly biodiverse natural forests are characterized by an abundance of many species of flora, fauna and other types of forms of living organisms linked by various ecological relationships and relations. They create a specific microclimate softening the local climate. They significantly increase water retention and water absorption by the biosphere of the forest ecosystem. High biodiversity of life forms, including ecologically interacting different life forms of flora, fauna, fungi and microorganisms creates sustainability of the adapted to specific climatic, geological, etc. natural ecosystems. Highly biodiverse natural forests are characterized by high levels of absorption of part of human-generated CO2 emissions and oxygen production. Highly biodiverse natural forests are also characterized by a high level of ecological, natural and environmental sustainability, as well as a high level of resilience to various adverse influences, the actions of external abiotic and biotic factors that could throw a sustainable natural ecosystem out of balance if it were susceptible to certain factors. Considering the more than 3 billion year period of evolutionary development of life forms, sustainability and biodiversity are the greatest achievements of the evolution of life on planet Earth. In view of the accelerating climate crisis, the accelerating process of global warming of the planet's atmosphere, the role of 21st century man who appreciates these resources and achievements of nature should be the ever-increasing scale of the protection of natural biodiversity and the pursuit of sustainability. In this regard, the unfavorable civilizational processes acting on natural biodiverse ecosystems should be reversed. Forest deforestation processes should be replaced by aforestation processes after industrial degraded areas. The increasingly frequent climatic disasters resulting from climate change, the increasingly rapid process of global warming, in addition to the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020, force us to reflect on the scale of imbalance in nature by the development of civilization. It is necessary to reverse these negative processes, restore the balance, reduce environmental pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, develop renewable energy sources, implement the principles of sustainable development based on the concept of sustainable green closed-loop economics, etc. It is necessary to change the development of civilization so as to increase the scope of sustainability, rehabilitate areas degraded by industrial development, significantly increase the level of protection of biodiverse natural forests, develop programs for reforestation of wasteland, areas of depleted soils, replace intensive and industrial agriculture with sustainable organic agriculture, etc. It is essential to increase the areas under strict nature protection and create more national and landscape parks. The entire area of the natural, highly biodiverse, containing unique species of flora and fauna, natural rainforests of the Amazon should be established not only as a national park but also as a planetary natural heritage park, and therefore the entire natural area of the Amazon should be placed under strict protection.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion about it?

What do you think about this topic?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

I have described the key aspects of the circular economy, including the green, sustainable economy, in my article:

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Every war and every battle has a long-term effect on the quality of life we live, the quality of air we breathe, and on the sustainability of our natural ecosystem.

So there a time has to come when we will reach a critical point of sustenance, post which any further war will bring catastrophe for every living soul.

So what's you opinion on how far we are from this point of no return?

As part of the technological advances that have been taking place in recent years, which are also rapidly advancing as part of the development of ICT information technologies and Industry 4.0, more and more sophisticated analytical instruments and research techniques are being developed to carry out increasingly complex, multifaceted and Big Data-based analyses of the various processes taking place in nature and to obtain increasingly precise results from the research conducted. With the combination of ICT information technology and Industry 4.0 with satellite analysis technology, the analyses of changes in the biodiversity of the planet's various natural ecosystems carried out using satellites placed in planetary orbit are also being improved. Taking into account the negative human impact on the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems that has been taking place since the beginning of the development of the first technological and industrial revolution, and especially in the Anthropocene epoch from the mid-20th century onwards, there is a growing need to counteract these negative processes, a need to increase the scale and outlays allocated to the improvement of nature conservation systems and instruments, including the protection of the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems.

Improving nature conservation and biodiversity protection systems also requires cyclic surveys of the state of biodiversity of individual terrestrial and marine natural ecosystems of the planet and analyses of progressive environmental degradation and the rate of biodiversity loss. In the situation of obtaining more precise results of research concerning changes in the state of the natural environment and the rate of loss of biodiversity of particular terrestrial and marine natural ecosystems of the planet occurring in various climate zones, changes in the state of the climate and diagnosing key civilisational determinants generating those changes, it is possible to apply specific actions and systemic solutions within the framework of counteracting negative processes of degradation of the natural environment and loss of biodiversity within the framework of improving nature protection techniques more effectively and adapted to the specific nature of a given local biosphere, climate conditions, diagnosed processes of the aforementioned changes but also economic factors. In this connection, the technology of artificial intelligence, which has been developing particularly rapidly in recent years, can also prove helpful in the process of improving the planning, design, management and restoration of natural ecosystems, taking into account a high degree of sustainability, biodiversity and naturalness, i.e. the restoration of natural ecosystems that existed in a specific area centuries ago. In the process of the aforementioned restoration of sustainable, highly biodiverse terrestrial and marine natural ecosystems of the planet, many primary factors must also be taken into account, including geological and climatic factors as well as the modifications previously applied to the area by man concerning geology, land irrigation, drainage, microclimate, soil quality, environmental pollution, the presence of certain invasive species of flora, fauna, fungi and microorganisms. Therefore, the process of planning, design, management and restoration of biodiverse natural ecosystems should take into account many of the above-mentioned factors that are a mix of natural biotic, climatic, geological and abiotic factors and changes in these factors that have taken place over the last centuries or millennia, i.e. changes and side-effects of the development of human, unsustainable civilisation, the development of a robber economy based on intensive industrial development with ignoring the issue of negative externalities towards the surrounding natural environment.

Considering how this should be a complex, multifaceted process of planning, designing, arranging and restoring the planet's biodiverse, natural ecosystems, the application in this process of the new generations of Industry 4.0 technologies, including, above all, artificial intelligence based on large sets of data, information and knowledge concerning many different aspects of nature, ecology, climate, civilisation, etc., collected and processed on Big Data Analytics platforms, can be of great help. On the other hand, artificial intelligence technology combined with satellite analytics can also be of great help in improving research processes aimed at investigating changes in the state of the planet's biosphere, including analysis of the decline in biodiversity of individual ecosystems occurring in specific natural areas and precise diagnosis of the rate of the aforementioned negative changes resulting in environmental degradation and the key determinants causing specific changes.

I will write more about this in the book I am currently writing. In this monograph, I will include the results of my research on this issue. I invite you to join me in scientific cooperation on this issue.

Counting on your opinions, on getting to know your personal opinion, on an honest approach to discussions in scientific problems, and not on ready-made answers generated in ChatGPT, I deliberately used the phrase "in your opinion" in the question.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

I have described the key aspects of the circular economy, including the green and sustainable economy, in my article:

I invite you to collaborate with me on scientific projects.

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

New technologies, including ICT information technologies, technologies categorized as Industry 4.0 or Industry 5.0 are finding new applications. These technologies are currently developing rapidly and are an important factor in the current fourth technological revolution. On the other hand, due to the still high emissions of greenhouse gases generating the process of global warming, due to progressive climate change, increasingly frequent weather anomalies and climatic disasters, in addition to increasing environmental pollution, still rapidly decreasing areas of forests, carried out predatory forest management, the level of biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems is rapidly decreasing. Therefore, it is necessary to engage new technologies, including ICT information technologies, technologies categorized as Industry 4.0/Industry 5.0, including new technologies in the field of Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence in order to improve and scale up the protection of the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What do you think about this topic?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

I have described the key issues related to the green transition of the economy in the following article:

I invite you to collaborate with me on scientific projects.

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

A growing number of research centers analyzing the planet's climate in the long term, analyzing the progressive process of climate change, developing long-term forecast models of climate change, changes in ocean water temps are publishing the results of their research, which show that as a result of human civilizational activity, as a result of still increasing greenhouse gas emissions, the process of global warming in recent years has accelerated faster than previously predicted just a few years ago. These institutions include, among others, the international research team established at the UN and publishing IPCC reports. In addition to this, the European Space Agency (ESA) Copernicus also recently published the results of its ongoing research on the climate of planet Earth, which showed that in the 1st half of 2023, the average temp. of planet Earth's atmosphere was 16.8 degrees C. This is the highest temp. in the history of measurements. This is further evidence supporting the thesis that the global climate crisis has begun, and that the green economic transformation measures carried out in recent years, including the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, were definitely insufficient. In addition, in many countries, these actions have fallen far short of the pledges made at the UN Climate COP. Besides, the results of the aforementioned studies also support the thesis that the process of global warming in recent years has accelerated faster than previously predicted. This is a particularly important issue in the context of the living conditions of the next generations of people on the planet. Living conditions will rapidly deteriorate for many people on the planet in the not too distant future. Increasing summer heat, droughts, forest fires, weather anomalies, violent storms, drinking water shortages, deterioration of air quality, melting glaciers, rising water levels in the seas and oceans, shrinking areas of forests and other types of natural ecosystems, deterioration of the natural environment, progressive loss of biodiversity of natural ecosystems, extinction of pollinating insects and many other forms of life, etc. these are the key effects of the progressive global warming process, which will determine the deterioration of the quality of life on the planet for many people. In 2023 and 2024, the El Ninio effect is also an additional factor generating an increase in atmospheric temperature. However, according to the results of studies on the planet's climate, analyses of long-term climate change El Ninio is only an additional factor to the main factor is still the rapidly increasing greenhouse gas emissions generated by human civilization still based largely on the dirty combustion economy. However, there are many more research results also conducted by other institutions and research centers confirming the above theses. Please also provide other results of research conducted on this issue.

Key aspects of the negative effects of the progressive process of global warming and the related necessary acceleration of the processes of green transformation of the economy in order to decarbonize the economy, slow down the process of global warming, protect the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the natural ecosystems of the planet, I described in the article:

In the following article, I included the results of the research conducted on the connection of the issue of sustainable development, the genesis and meaning of the Sustainable Development Goals, the essence of sustainable development in the context of social, normative, economic, environmental, climate aspects, as well as human rights, etc. The research also addressed the issue of key determinants of human existential security as an element of the concept of sustainable development.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.

In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.

Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz

On my profile of the Research Gate portal, you can find several publications on the issues of environmental policy, green transformation of the economy, green economics, sustainable economic development, etc. I invite you to scientific cooperation in these issues.

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,

As we know, trees, forests, especially old, natural forests, primeval forests with old-growth forests without human interference, without the influence of civilization, are the refuge of the greatest resources of biodiversity of natural ecosystems. Besides, forests play a particularly important role in the issue of slowing down the human-induced global warming process, which is progressing faster and faster. Forests also play a very important role in mitigating weather and climate anomalies, maintaining a mild microclimate friendly to living organisms, keeping the soil and air moist, maintaining the high level of biodiversity and soil fertility created over thousands or millions of years, and so on.

Deforestation still dominates over afforestation in many regions of the world. Forests are still being cut down and burned to acquire new areas for agricultural development, the cultivation of crops, which is usually carried out in the form of unsustainable robbery. In addition, this practice is carried out mainly in the tropics and subtropics, where after logging, forests created new arable land is quickly subject to drought and the soil becomes barren. Restoring a forest that has functioned for thousands of years or more in a specific area on the depleted soil requires huge expenditures. In addition, vegetable crops are grown on these new agricultural areas, which are either transported thousands of kilometers to other countries, which generates high greenhouse gas emissions, or are not used for human food but for livestock feed, which also generates high emissions, as industrial livestock farming is a source of high emissions of the potent greenhouse gas methane. Therefore, with a view to protecting the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and counteract the ongoing process of global warming.

Various examples of reducing paper consumption and saving forests are as follows:

In some countries, the scale of printing notebooks, notebooks, books, including school books, has been reduced and students as early as elementary school write at school on tablets or laptops rather than in paper notebooks. Green economic activities involving, for example, the production of furniture from recycled materials are also emerging.

Another example is the replacement of dirty energy based on burning firewood with renewable and emission-free sources of clean energy. Unfortunately, in some countries, in order to falsify statistics on the development of renewable energy at the behest of the government, central statistical institutions, ministries and government agencies dealing with climate and environmental issues also count firewood as a renewable energy source. Such absurdities unfortunately still exist in some countries.

Another example is the use of secondary raw materials of various origins in the construction industry instead of using wood, and especially instead of newly harvested wood from companies producing building materials based on fresh, new wood raw material from a sawmill.

As of 1.8.2023, paper receipts are not printed in France to save trees. You have to ask for a printed receipt if the customer needs one.

What other examples of reducing paper consumption and saving forests are as follows?

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please respond,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

I have described the key aspects of the circular economy, including the green and sustainable economy, in my article:

I invite you to collaborate with me on scientific projects.

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

For example, why is it that in Europe, where environmental policy has been one of the priorities for several years, deforestation, logging, cutting down old-growth forests in natural forests in the Carpathian Mountains has been going on on a large scale in some countries?

In Europe, where environmental policy is taken seriously and is one of the priorities in recent years, afforestation of areas has begun to outweigh deforestation. This is in line with climate and environmental policy, against the ongoing process of global warming. Unfortunately, however, there are serious sad exceptions to this rule. Currently, according to Greenpeace, an area of 5 soccer fields is disappearing every hour throughout the Carpathians. According to what Greenpeace reports, in some countries only 3 percent of the natural forests of the Carpathians are legally protected from investments like road construction. In the country where I operate, thanks to the intervention of people who care about conservation, it was possible to defend the natural forests of the Bieszczady National Park from predatory logging by a government-controlled company that manages most of the country's forests. A company that has the issue of nature conservation and forest biodiversity written into its internal regulations as a priority function. But realistically this function is not treated as a priority. Thanks to the intervention in the bodies of the European Union, thanks to grassroots social movements, thanks to the activities of Greenpeace, it was possible to defend the natural forests, including the National Park in the Bieszczady Mountains from predatory pseudo-forest management. Thanks to the defense of the Bieszczady Mountains, nature in the Bieszczady Mountains is reviving. In addition, some 300 social grassroots movements to defend the natural forests in the Carpathians have since sprung up. Accordingly, the company that manages most of the country's forests have it written into their norms that social and natural functions come first and economic functions last. And in recent years these relationships have been turned on their head. According to what is reported by Greenpeace Poland, currently the natural forests in Poland are treated by the government-controlled forest management company primarily as a source of money for all sorts of social, economic and political ventures and the issues of nature conservation, in addition to natural forests, landscape parks and national parks, protection of the natural biodiversity of forest ecosystems is at the end and in many aspects realistically there is none at all. The revenue of the company that manages most of the country's forests where I operate in 2022 has increased by more than half from 10 billion zlotys to more than 15 billion zlotys. This gives food for thought. In 2022, a fund controlled by an organized political group allied with the government is credited with PLN 3 billion. This fund is used to finance various pre-election goals, including those that have nothing to do with forest conservation, protection of the biodiversity of natural forest ecosystems. And yet forests, including natural forests, whose ecosystems have developed over thousands or millions of years, are a very important factor also in protecting the climate from the ongoing process of global warming. Deforestation of forest areas accelerates the progressive process of global warming. A In the entire Carpathian Mountains (which together are found in the area of several countries in Europe), an area of 5 soccer fields disappears every hour.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

I have described the key issues related to the ongoing process of global warming, its negative effects and, consequently, the need to increase the scale and accelerate the implementation of the green transformation of the economy, climate protection, and the protection of the biosphere and biodiversity of the planet in the following article:

I invite you to scientific cooperation.

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In recent years, large-scale green investment projects have been launched in some countries, which are being carried out as part of the green transformation of the economy to build a sustainable, green, zero-carbon zero-growth and closed-loop economy. The essence of the ongoing large-scale implementation of the aforementioned processes in some regions of the world is to carry out a pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation of the classic growth, brown, linear economy of excess into a sustainable, green, zero-carbon zero-growth and closed-loop economy. One of the economic regions of the world where these issues have been prioritized, ambitious plans have been set out to smoothly carry out the green transformation of the economy is the European Union. One of the many components of the green transformation of the economy is the large-scale creation and implementation of new green technologies and eco-innovations. Well, in recent years, many new green technologies and eco-innovations are being created in the framework of clean emission-free energy, biodegradable materials, electromobility, cleaning up the polluted environment, increasing the scale of recycling, economical use of natural resources, conservation of clean water resources, restoration of green areas in cities, reforestation of wasteland and civilization-degraded areas, and so on. If such processes of efficiently carried out green transformation of the economy are carried out on a large scale in all countries of the world, there is still a chance to significantly slow down the progressive process of global warming and save the net from the projected global climate catastrophe. Therefore, the chance to save at least in part the remaining biosphere of the planet, to save the biodiversity of the natural ecosystems of the planet, i.e. the greatest value of the planet Earth that has been created by the many millions of years of evolution of life on the planet, increases. The issue of conservation, protecting the planet's biosphere and saving the remaining biodiversity and its restoration through the use of new green technologies and eco-innovations man can at least partially repair what he destroyed in the past. Man should protect the biosphere and climate, should restore the biodiversity of natural ecosystems with a view to the future of future generations of people, the future of the planet, the achievements of the evolution of life on planet Earth, and so on. If man in his nature is friendly towards the biosphere and not selfish towards the planet, the only planet he has, then he probably wants to save the climate, biosphere and biodiversity from total degradation. Accordingly, in recent years there has been a growing demand for the creation and implementation of new green technologies and eco-innovations. New research and implementation centers and new research projects are being established to develop new technological solutions so that the process of green transformation can be carried out more efficiently and quickly. And time is of the essence, as the process of global warming continues to accelerate and there is little time left to reach a critically high state of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Besides, thanks to the developing cooperation between scientists and researchers studying this issue, working in different parts of the world, the chances of realizing the plan to save the climate, biosphere and biodiversity from total degradation are becoming greater.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The above text is entirely my own work written by me based on my research.

Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz

The venomous Australian bird spider lives in cities in Australia and is also dangerous to humans. The venom of the Australian bird spider kills a variety of insects that feed in grasslands and agricultural fields but apart from bees. Therefore, research work is underway to create a natural, organic insecticide based on the venom of the Australian bird spider, which could be used in agricultural fields instead of chemical pesticides, which poison the environment and also kill bees. This is an excellent example of how, in an evolutionary process lasting millions of years, nature has created unique organic compounds that can solve many problems for the development of human civilisation. There are undoubtedly many species of flora, fauna, fungi and micro-organisms that are not yet fully known, which could be used in medicine and pharmacy based on natural organic compounds, in the development of herbal medicine, in the development of sustainable organic farming that does not use chemical pesticides and fertilisers, in the protection of trees in forests against pests as part of sustainable forest management, in the restoration of natural ecosystems in areas degraded by civilisation, in counteracting the progressive sterilisation of soils, etc. Such scientific discoveries, which could and probably will be realised in the future, will also be particularly helpful in the modern ecological and intelligent shaping of restored natural highly biodiverse ecosystems. Such scientific discoveries, which could and probably still will be realised in the future, will also be particularly helpful in the modern, ecological and intelligent shaping of restored natural, highly biodiverse ecosystems, restored and rehabilitated, functioning in various geo-climatic environments, geological zones, climatic zones, etc., and carried out in accordance with the principles of sustainability, the achievement of sustainable development goals and the use of the achievements of modern sustainable biotechnology and genetics. Of course, the fields of application beyond sustainable organic agriculture of not yet fully discovered, studied and described unique natural ecosystems and species of flora, fauna and fungi, the unique organic compounds produced by individual species of the biosphere, their medicinal and other properties are numerous. Above all, in the field of herbal medicine and natural medicine, there are many possibilities for the applications of not yet fully discovered, studied and described unique natural ecosystems and species of flora, fauna and fungi for the treatment of various diseases, including many diseases currently considered incurable. Probably many such opportunities to learn about not yet fully discovered, researched and described unique natural ecosystems and species of flora, fauna and fungi, to learn about the unique organic compounds produced by individual species of the biosphere, their healing and other properties have already been irretrievably lost due to the human-induced extinction of many species of flora and fauna, i.e. the ongoing and human-induced 6th great extinction of many species of life forms in the context of the more than 3 billion years of development of life on planet Earth. It is therefore essential to increase the scale of nature conservation and bio-diversity of the planet's natural ecosystems and to stop the deforestation of forests.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

The above text is entirely my own work written by me based on my research.

In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems such as ChatGPT.

Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear researchgate members,

I recently made two attempts to grow the aquarium plant Cryptocoryne wendtii emersed, i.e., outside of water. Unfortunately, both attempts failed, and I am unsure of what went wrong.

In the first attempt, I heated soil in the oven and shaped it into a cube. I then placed the aquarium plant into this cube. In the second attempt, I used rock wool instead. In both cases, I lightly moistened the soil and rock wool with aquarium water. Subsequently, I placed them in plastic bags and provided CO2 by exhaling into the bags through a straw. The bags were sealed with rubber bands and positioned under an LED strip light. The distance between the light and the plants was approximately 10 cm, ensuring that the light intensity was not harmful.

After one week, I exchanged the air inside the bags and provided more CO2 by breathing into them again. Unfortunately, after two weeks, I couldn't observe any positive results. Almost all the plants in both the soil and rock wool died. There was no growth observed, neither in the plants themselves nor in the roots.

I am very confused and frustrated, as I don't understand where the mistake lies. Do you have any ideas or advice on what I might have done wrong? Are there specific conditions that I should consider to achieve successful emersed cultivation of Cryptocoryne wendtii?

I would greatly appreciate your help and support! Thank you!

How do you think very different forms of life might exist on distant exoplanets relative to the life forms we know?

Given what we know and what we don't know about the cosmos, how different do you think life forms might be on distant exoplanets relative to the known life forms found on planet Earth?

Considering how different environmental, climatic, geological conditions, the composition of elements and inorganic and possibly also organic compounds, etc. on distant exoplanets may be under many or even all of the categories known to us, how different life forms may exist on these other planets located many millions of light years from our solar system?

According to some astrophysicists, what we do not know about the cosmos is estimated to be 96 per cent. Included in this is, for example, the essence of dark matter beyond the Universe as we know it and dark matter causing the expansion of the Universe as we know it. Life in its essence is defined in an ambiguous way. Depending on whether the definition refers only to life forms found on planet Earth or to possible other life forms that may exist on distant exoplanets, the definition of life is not necessarily the same.

Depending on what role the billions-of-years-long process of evolution of life forms on planet Earth has played in the development of life forms and the resolution of the question of the randomness of the emergence of life on different exoplanets or the intentionality of the evolutionary process aimed, for example, at the to the creation of more and more complex forms of life, forms of life increasingly adaptable to specific, changing environmental conditions of a specific exoplanet, increasingly better adapted to different environments, and to the possibly intentional or accidental bringing about of intelligent beings, including beings forming organised civilisations, changing the environment of the planet and aiming at space exploration, colonisation of other exoplanets similar to their home planet. These eventualities to be resolved that have not been resolved are many. Consequently, defining the essence of life in the context of possibly other extraterrestrial life forms on many exoplanets is not uniform. In the context of potential completely other, unknown forms of extraterrestrial life that probably occur on many distant exoplanets, life can be defined as a process of spontaneous, self-contained, independent, organised processing of matter based on energy acquired from the environment and forming, through this process, more complex structures of specific chemical compounds, elements of matter available on a specific planet and adapting to the more or less variable environment of the planet, etc. It is likely that many questions will be answered when the first evidence of the existence of other forms of extraterrestrial life occurring on many distant exoplanets emerges. There are already more than 5 500 confirmed existing exoplanets, and there is already fragmentary information about another 9 000, also suggesting their existence. This knowledge has been building up very rapidly over the past decade or so. On some of Jupiter's moons, there are deep water oceans many kilometres deep beneath the icy crust, in which specific but as yet unknown chemical compounds and perhaps certain other forms of life exist. For example, there are planets in our Solar System with largely different environments to planet Earth. For example, the atmosphere of Venus contains mainly sulphuric acid. But does this rule out the existence of some firm, less organised, procariot-type life forms. Not necessarily.

In view of the above, I address the following questions to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Counting on your opinions, on getting to know your personal opinion, on an honest approach to the discussion of scientific issues and not the ready-made answers generated in ChatGPT, I deliberately used the phrase "in your opinion" in the question.

The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.

I have not used other sources or automatic text generation systems such as ChatGPT in writing this text.

Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The era of accelerated development of civilisation, significantly accelerating the scale of matter processing, production processes, the scale of environmental pollution, consumption of renewable and non-renewable natural resources, greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, etc. is referred to as the Anthropocene epoch, the Great Acceleration and Ecological Catastrophe has been taking place primarily since the mid-20th century. The term Anthropocene has not yet been introduced into the history of the development of planet Earth by geologists, but this is likely to happen soon. In the Anthropocene epoch, humans are increasingly transforming the biosphere into the technosphere. However, the scale of consumption of non-renewable raw materials is steadily increasing. The stocks of biodiverse forest areas that absorb part of the CO2 emitted by humans are continuing to decline rapidly. The supply of clean drinking water is also declining in increasingly large areas inhabited by humans. On the other hand, the scale of waste separation and recycling is still negligible and does not even compensate for a significant part of the consumption of raw materials and hardly reduces the level of waste pollution. The scale of the ongoing green transformation of the economy, including the implementation of a pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation of the classic growth, brown, linear economy of excess to a sustainable, green, zero-emission growth and closed loop economy is still too small to significantly reduce the level of greenhouse gas emissions, reduce the level of environmental pollution, implement reforestation processes and counteract the accelerating process of global warming is too small. It is essential to integrate a key aspect of the circular economy into the green transformation of the economy, i.e. the concept of zero growth consisting of zeroing out economic growth. This zeroing of economic growth should be implemented in a multi-faceted and multi-year perspective. It is not about zeroing economic growth in the short term (a few months) or in the medium term (a few years), i.e. as a periodic slowdown in economic growth occurring cyclically, within business cycles of several years during economic crises. It is about permanently resetting the rate of economic growth with the recognition of this issue as a key factor in a circular economy. Consequently, the economics of economic growth should be changed into the economics of zero growth, i.e. according to the concept of zero growth already known for several decades but not applied. An important issue of the Anthropocene epoch is also the rapidly progressing and human-induced extinction process of many species of flora and fauna referred to as the great 6th extinction in the history of the development of life on the planet. Consequently, the scale of the loss of biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems is progressing rapidly. Paradoxically, the great extinction of millions of species of flora and fauna was caused by just one species of living organisms - homo sapiens. Paradoxically, homo sapiens, which is responsible for this, is widely acknowledged to be the most intelligent species of life forms found on planet Earth. On the other hand, it is assumed that 99 per cent of the species that have lived on Earth over the last 3.5 billion years are extinct or have evolved into other species. But it is extremely difficult to estimate both the number of species and the duration of their existence for those of many millions of years ago and in the context of the evolutionary process. However, an extremely paradoxical and sad all at once process taking place in the Anthropocene epoch is that the acknowledged most intelligent single species of life form on Earth, which is homo sapiens, due to its robbery, combustion economy and rapid development of civilisation based on unlimited greed and disrespect for the surrounding nature, is causing the degradation of both the climate and the biosphere of the planet. Therefore, what has recently been described as a climate crisis should be studied, described, etc. in connection with the ecological crisis determined by the rapidly progressing process of deforestation, degradation of the biosphere, pollution of the natural environment, extinction of many species of flora and fauna life forms and, as a consequence, a rapidly decreasing level of biodiversity of the natural ecosystems of the planet Earth. Thus, the main negative effects of the development of a predatory, combustion-based civilisation and the key attributes of the Anthropocene epoch include not only a climate crisis but also an ecological crisis. The human-induced crises can thus be collectively referred to as the climate-ecological crisis. These crises should be considered, studied, analysed, described, etc. together because there are many relationships between them, synergistic processes, analogous and mutually influencing. By analogy, the process of a future climate catastrophe, which may already occur at the end of this 21st century if man does not manage to bring about a complete green transformation of the economy by 2030, should also be studied, analysed, projected, described, etc., in conjunction with the loss of biodiversity, the degradation of the biosphere, the extinction of species, etc., and thus the ecological catastrophe of the planet. By combining these issues, it is therefore possible and necessary to study, analyse, forecast and describe the future climatic-ecological catastrophe of the planet. If this catastrophe occurs in an extremely negative scenario then the Anthropocene epoch will be over.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following articles:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

One finds action in photon emission and particle paths. What is it when its magnitude is expressed by a Planck Constant for emission versus when it may be expressed as a stationary integral value (least – saddle – greatest) along a path? The units match. Action is recognized as a valuable concept and I would like to appreciate its nature in Nature. (Struggling against the “energy is quantized” error has distracted me from the character of the above inquiry in the past.)

Brief aside: Max Planck and Albert Einstein emphasized energy as discrete amounts for their blackbody radiation and photoelectric studies, but they always added at a specific frequency! Energy without that secondary condition is not quantized! I emphasize this because it has been frustrating for decades and it interferes with the awareness that it is action that is quantized! Now, granted that it is irrelevant to “grind out useful results” activity, which also is valuable, it is relevant to comprehending the nature of Nature, thus this post.

The existence of The Planck Constant has been a mystery since Max Planck found it necessary to make emissions discrete in order to formulate blackbody radiation mathematically. He assumed discrete emission energy values for each frequency that made the action of radiated energy at each frequency equal to the Planck Constant value. (This can be said better – please, feel free to fix it.) Action had been being used to find the equations of motion for almost two centuries by then. Is a stationary integral of action along a path equal to an integral number of Planck Constants? Is the underlying nature in these several instances of mathematical physics the same? What is that nature; how can this be? If the natures are different, how is each?

Happy Trails, Len

P.S. My English gets weird and succinct sometimes trying to escape standard ruts in meanings: how is each? is a question that directs one to explain, i.e., to describe the processes as they occur – causes, interactions, events, etc., I hope.

From Mathematics: Nature and physics are “independent of mathematics”

From Physics: “We need the criteria of something that actually works, not just math rigor.”

“I appear to be caught between two successful disciplines, mathematics and science - rigor and usable results.”

[For full versions of the quotes in justice to the individuals review “What Is a Linear Representation of an Essentially Quadratic Phenomenon?” in Q&A on ResearchGate. Applied Mathematics is not specifically mentioned in the posts there.]

There exist phenomena in nature, for example kinetic energy of a mass in motion, which may be represented by the product of the mass times its present velocity times the linear average of its velocity between zero and its present value (K.E. = m*v*v/2 to clarify.) Now, ignoring the abstractions of mathematics and the accurate-enough theories of physics, what are the axes of any space in which kinetic energy may be plotted, noting that in that space energy is represented by a volume, area times length, and the area may be linearized with v as the square root of the area? Note that two axes of v and v/2 are needed to plot the area. What’s up? What are area and length in nature that are plotted in such a space? Is it significant in the natural process that v*v is an area in the plot? Is energy an essentially quadratic phenomenon of nature, or even essentially cubic? Are these matters so answered already they may be dismissed, or may some of us explore them for the insight that may bloom (flowers “blow” in some poems)?

These are questions of Natural Philosophy in the mind of a person that are not answered by the rigid explanations of the current state of ignorance that feels so knowing in each era. Aristotle’s view was great in his time, like ours is to us now. (The accepted solution is for an academic to fix the person who errs with an inoculation of facts “it is known that,” a familiar experience. In Charles Ives musical work, “The Unanswered Question,” the trumpet remained curious after the explanations.)

Looking to the 4thmillennium in the Gregorian calendar, will this inquiry have been resolved as natural processes are then comprehended? Given scales and data a number may be assigned to a measured kinetic energy that is accompanied by units to associate it with nature. The issue seems moot, but in fact, . . .

The Schrodinger Eqn. is a linear representation used in calculation that must be squared to be real, that is, the real result is a squared value, calling it quadratic will serve. The square root of two is formal, but the Schrodinger Equation produces a real value in the end after multiplication by its complex conjugate, “squaring.” The physicist is correct that in Physics it doesn’t matter “what the imaginary solution was” during calculation since only the result matters and other representations exist. Is that okay with you? I wonder, since another formal linear representation of an essentially quadratic phenomenon, the square root of two, cannot be written down as a completed decimal value, and during processing the imaginary Schrodinger expression requires representation as an area via a + bi, or (a, b), or . . ., which expressions are not real.

[Remember – ResearchGate encourages discovery, as if current knowledge could not only be incremented, but also that a new arena for thought could be discovered. “It is known that” must not be the whole answer, and exploration is in the charter.]

So, by what formal means can we comprehend and communicate the nature of Nature?

Happy Trails, Len

On 16.11.2022 at the UN Climate Summit COP27 in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, debates and speakers address, among other things, the issue of the loss of biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems caused by the increasingly rapid process of global warming caused by anthropogenic factors, i.e., primarily by civilization's greenhouse gas emissions. Due to the accelerating deforestation of forests, the burning and clearing of rainforests to create more areas to grow crops for export, the planet's biodiversity is rapidly declining. In addition, also due to the increasing scale of land and sea pollution, oceanic pollution and the accelerating process of global warming, the level of biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems is rapidly declining. Due to the predatory management of burning and clearing of the Amazon rainforest, the area of these natural boreal forests described as the natural lungs of the planet has been declining rapidly in recent years. In addition, due to the greenhouse effect, ocean water temperatures are also rising and coral reefs, including the Great Barrier Reef in Oceania, are dying. The decline in biodiversity noted in recent years correlates with the rapid mass die-off of many species of flora and fauna. In view of the above, it is necessary to urgently stop forest deforestation, including the burning and clearing of tropical rainforests and also other forest formations and natural ecosystems located in all climate zones. It is necessary to increase the scale of implementation of afforestation programs for civilization-degraded areas, post-mining heaps, wastelands, and the creation of additional urban parks in urban agglomerations. Besides, it is necessary to urgently carry out a full green transformation of the economy, including a pro-climate transformation of the energy sector by replacing the dirty energy of burning fossil fuels with clean energy based on renewable and emission-free energy sources. With the rapid development of ICT information technology, Industry 4.0, satellite analytics, 5G big data transfer, etc. as important elements of the current fourth technological revolution, it is possible to improve techniques and systems for monitoring the state of biodiversity of natural ecosystems.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer with reasons,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Particularly relevant issues concerning the problems of natural, social, economic and other negative consequences of the ongoing process of global warming, the negative effects of this process and, therefore, the need to increase the scale and accelerate the implementation of the process of green transformation of the economy, protection of the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet, I described in the following article:

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

I invite you to join me in scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The Amazon rainforest is the largest natural forest complex on planet Earth and is characterised by an exceptionally high level of biodiversity of natural forest ecosystems. Most of the millions of species of flora and fauna of the Amazon rainforest biodiversity are found exclusively in this forest formation. However, due to predatory logging management and increasingly frequent forest fires, the area of the Amazon's biodiverse rainforests is declining rapidly. The increasing incidence of fires in these forest formations is a consequence of the progressive process of global warming and the burning of the forest for the purpose of acquiring additional areas on which to grow crops according to a model of unsustainable, intensive agriculture. As the biodiverse rainforests of the Amazon absorb large quantities of CO2 from the atmosphere, they are one of several key factors in slowing down the progressive process of global warming. It is therefore urgently necessary to replace programmes for the deforestation of the Amazonian biodiverse rainforests and to replace this process of aforestation of civilisationally degraded areas, which is very negative for the climate and the biosphere of the planet.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

What is your opinion on this?

What do you think about this topic?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

During the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic in 2020, there was a recession of the economy, the level of consumption, the scale of international transport of products, international tourism, car use, fuel and energy consumption, etc. declined.

There was then an opportunity to accelerate the processes of pro-environmental transformation of the economy, including the pro-environmental transformation of the transport sector, energy, construction, etc.

Unfortunately, this opportunity was not seized. As a consequence of these omissions, the subsequent economic and energy crises will be deeper than if the necessary transformation of the energy sector, which is being implemented through the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources, had been carried out in the past.

As a result, the global warming process continues to accelerate and progress faster than even the earlier IPCC reports published a few years ago and earlier.

One of the negative consequences of the continuing process of global warming is the loss of biodiversity of natural ecosystems.

I would therefore like to ask the following question:

What do you think?

What is your opinion on the subject?

What do you think about this issue?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In July 2022, one of the largest rivers in Poland was polluted by a discharge of warm, saline, highly oxidised water and possibly also by still unknown toxins.

Almost the entire river biosphere died out. Now (August 2022), the rotting remains of dead fish have caused secondary decay processes and a decrease in oxygen. Previously, so-called golden algae, which are harmful to the biosphere and form strong blooms in warm and saline water, have also developed. This is one of the biggest ecological disasters in Poland. The strangest thing is that anglers had already signalled at the end of June that the ecosystem of the Oder River had been severely disrupted by unknown substances released into the river. However, the services responsible and subordinate to the government, the company managing the state of rivers in Poland, i.e. Wody Polskie (Polish Water), started to do anything about it to save the river's ecosystem only in mid-August 2022.

Before that, anglers had already managed to catch tens of tonnes of dead fish.

Now many citizens are trying to answer questions:

Why did the river's environmental monitoring system not work?

Why have the institutions of the state acted with such a long delay when it comes to saving the river's ecosystem?

But this is just one of many examples of environmental disasters still occurring in various parts of the world.

In view of the above, I address the following questions to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Regarding the advances in this theory which stresses the practice of environmental virtues and flourishing, how can it offer workable solutions in case of ethical dilemmas (such as the necessity to build a dam to save people's lives and the necessity to keep biodiversity in the targeted bioregion)?

With the advances in community review and Web3 on the horizon, I've been starting to wonder if the way in which traditional peer-review works is outdated. Have y'all found any systems out there that feel like the future of peer-review?

In the context of accelerating the development of industry, global production, exploitation of raw materials, pollutants and waste emissions, increasing greenhouse gas emissions, accelerating the global warming process, protection of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, nature protection and biodiversity is one of the main challenges of the 21st century.

In view of the above, what do you think are the most effective methods, technologies, instruments for nature protection, natural ecosystems and biodiversity currently?

Please reply

I have described the key issues concerning the problematic social, economic and other negative consequences of the ongoing process of global warming, the negative effects of this process and, therefore, the need to increase the scale and accelerate the implementation of the green transformation of the economy, the protection of the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet in the following article:

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

I invite you to join me in scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In recent days everyone is eating unhealthy foods that contain harmful chemical residues. It should be changed.

Farmers have started using chemical fertilizers and pesticides to get more yield from crops, now it is used in high doses. Hence it should be controlled with alternate methods.

While Nature Scientific Reports (NSR) is obviously not as rigorous as most of the other Nature journals, is it widely considered a reputable journal? I have heard that some institutions discourage publishing there because they are more profit-driven and less scientifically rigorous. Just curious as to what the general opinion is about this journal.

Dear collogues,

May I ask, What are the best natural herbs for obesity management?

Thanks

Hey,

currently I am writing an article using the Nature citation style. However, I have a question on how to cite the same book multiple times (e.g. different chapters/pages of it).

I contacted their author support, but did not receive a reply.

Can I use the same superscript for different page numbers (corresponding to different references in the book) for in-text citations and use one reference to the book in the bibliography? This would complicate giving page numbers. Or does each citation (and thus page number) require an own superscript/entry in the bibliography? This in turn would unfortunately lead to a (in my opinion) unnecessarily long reference list. Apparently, giving page numbers is not required for the Nature citation style, but (for an unknown article), I find it cumbersome to read an entire book just for the sake of finding a potentially small piece of information that has been referred to.

I'm curious how you solved this issue.

Kind regards

Philipp

Hi everyone,

I am about to define an experiment where we want to investigate 10 - 20 de novo small proteins. We are mainly interested in affinity but also want to show that proteins are folding properly. For that we are thinking about using circular dichroism. I am having seconds thoughts though if this is the right method in the long run. When it comes to publishing, I have the gut feeling that reviewers might ask for a crystal structure of the protein or even the complex. I am working on getting an impression myself by reading nature and science papers but I would like to get to know your advice and experience concerning the matter. What methods are best suited to give our research credibility that might be expected in high impact journals?

cheers

Martin

Hello fellow researchers,

for my final thesis I want to examine if sustainability is a new status symbol and if yes, how strong it is and it's differences to luxury goods (and also if a luxury good is not "green" does this circumstance reduce it's symbolic power?).

Unfortunenately, I cannot find any studies in the past that examine status symbolism. More precisely, I need a scale or a model that measuers status perception or status symbolism (of any obejct).

Does someone has an idea where I can find such scale/model, or can someone post a study that uses or developed such scale/model?

I am thankful for every help.

Greetings from Germany :)