Natural Resources Conservation - Science topic

While no Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) is exclusively focused on clean air, the theme is included in many SDGs associated with relevant subjects.

Air quality is an essential element of sustainable development and is included under the following goals:

SDG - 3: Target 3.9

By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination

SDG - 11: Target 11.6

By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management

Dear Eper Ceasor ,If you are interested in the conference, you can send your manuscript to Submission System: https://ais.cn/u/eY7F7f

Interesting survey, I would be interested in reading the results of research especially on connections between AI and sustainability. I wonder if the development of AI and sustainable development has shared direction and whether they are obvious to communities.

Remote sensing monitors desert lands by using satellite imagery and sensors to track key indicators like desertification, sand dune movement, vegetation health, and water resource availability. Techniques include analyzing spectral data to map soil types, vegetation cover, and surface temperatures, and using radar and LiDAR for topographic changes. This enables the detection of land degradation, drought patterns, and ecosystem shifts, supporting environmental conservation, sustainable land management, and climate change adaptation strategies.

Field studies in environmental science involve observing, measuring, and analyzing various components of natural ecosystems to understand environmental processes, assess human impact, and guide conservation efforts. These studies typically start with site selection based on ecological significance or research goals, followed by data collection using tools like sampling kits, sensors, and mapping equipment. Researchers gather soil, water, air, or biological samples, monitor environmental parameters (such as temperature, pH, pollution levels, and biodiversity), and document species presence and behavior. Field studies may also include long-term monitoring stations to track changes over time and evaluate ecosystem health. Data collected is analyzed in the lab or on-site, providing insights into natural processes, pollution sources, climate effects, and species interactions, ultimately supporting recommendations for sustainable resource management and environmental protection.

The reason is that the SDGs do not go far enough:

1. After Five Years https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/disaster-choice/202009/the-sustainable-development-goals-after-five-years

2. SDG18 https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/disaster-choice/202007/sustainable-development-goal-18

3. Connecting with disasters and climate change https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-02-2017-0043

4. Connecting with health and economics http://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v4i4.729

Ayman M. Ibrahim

There are many practical ways that individuals, communities, and businesses can reduce waste and conserve natural resources. Here are some ideas, organized into categories:

1. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

2. Energy Conservation

3. Water Conservation

4. Sustainable Food Practices

5. Transportation

6. Eco-Friendly Shopping

7. Circular Economy Practices

8. Advocacy and Education

9. Eco-Friendly Construction and Renovation

10. Corporate and Industrial Practices

By combining efforts at the individual, community, and corporate levels, we can make a significant impact on reducing waste, conserving natural resources, and mitigating environmental degradation. The key is adopting a mindset of sustainability in daily life and advocating for broader systemic change.

Hello Satu; There is one overarching requirement. First, we must reduce human reproductive rate to something below 1.2 children per mother. If we don't do that, nothing else we do will ultimately matter. Our numbers MUST stop growing. Best regards, Jim Des Lauriers

Thank you for writing Hamid, I wrote that article because despite all being written about what is and what is not sustainability RESEARCHERS AND INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS keep using sustainable development as sustainability or sustainability as sustainable development and worse, the UN defining sustainability as sustainable development and they should know better.

I expanded the theory of sustainability to include the theory of SUSTAINABILITY MARKETS to force food for thoughts:

Sharing here in good faith

2009

Beyond traditional sustainable development: Stating specific and general sustainability theory and sustainability indices using ideal present-absent qualitative comparative conditions

2003

Linking Sustainable Development Indicators by Means of Present/Absent Sustainability Theory and Indices: The Case of Agenda 21

2016

Beyond Green Market Thinking: What would be the Structure of the Perfect Sustainability Market?

2019

From Traditional Markets to Sustainability Markets: A Look at Markets Under Perfect Sustainability Market Competition

Paradoxically: quite unlikely, as it's not much time left to 2030.

On one hand data centers are terribly energy hungry which is going in the opposite direction with emission targets. Big Tech is so desperate for more stable and not overtly expensive energy that is going to give second chance to nuclear energy and build a few new reactors in mid run.

You'd need some breakthrough overnight to see spectacular results on major metrics until 2030. Let's say ex. AI protein folding would produce you a few brilliant drug candidates. Before you run all suitable tests and get all approvals, you're already late.

I'm not saying that it wouldn't work in mid term (most likely would), just this particular time frame is too short.

Optimizing Pakistan’s green landscape through Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers a promising path to address future environmental, economic, and social challenges. Given Pakistan’s diverse ecosystems, including forests, grasslands, agricultural areas, and urban green spaces, AI can play a critical role in optimizing landscape management, improving resource efficiency, and mitigating the impacts of climate change. Here are some key areas where AI can be leveraged effectively:

1. Precision Agriculture for Sustainable Food Production

2. Forestation and Reforestation Initiatives

3. Urban Green Space Management

4. Water Resource Management

5. Combating Climate Change and Promoting Renewable Energy

6. Biodiversity Conservation

Abhijit Mitra, Thank you for the insightful response, which highlights critical aspects of interdisciplinary collaboration and policy development in the context of sustainability for Earth and space exploration. Integrating sustainability principles into both realms aligns perfectly with the global sustainability goals. As you pointed out, the session emphasizes fostering innovation while preparing future leaders.

Expanding on this, I believe the intersection of space exploration and Earth management offers a unique platform to rethink how we can optimize human productivity. This includes leveraging outer space technologies, such as satellite monitoring for climate data, or developing zero-waste systems, which could revolutionize how we address sustainability challenges on Earth. Moreover, the policy and ethical dimensions are crucial in ensuring that our advancements in space do not compromise environmental sustainability or exacerbate inequality here on Earth. Global governance structures supporting collaborative exploration efforts while ensuring responsible resource use, both in space and on Earth, are critical.

By integrating these concepts into higher education curricula, we are not just preparing students for future careers but equipping them to solve some of the most pressing global challenges, from climate change to sustainable resource use, both on Earth and in space. Ultimately, this session will be pivotal in advancing technological progress, boosting productivity, and aligning educational efforts with sustainable development goals, ensuring humanity's prosperous future.

Through the passage of time, the phrase sustainable development has gradually evolved into much more than a casual rhetoric as it is the integrated approach towards the progress of society and economy in a way that the natural systems would not be depleted drastically so that the generations in the future can meet their requirements as well. It has three key areas, economic, social, and environmental as derived from the three pillars of sustainability.

Speaking about the economy only is not the complete story. The environment is also part of a sustainable economy, at least in theory. In practice creating includes integrating sustainable consumption patterns, investing in renewable energy sources, and developing and implementing innovative clean technologies. If we make the economies of the world sustainable, the hope for a prosperous future for all is achievable without risking the planet’s natural habitats.

Equity, inclusiveness and social justice are part of social sustainable development from policies to grassroots. This is because it is not enough that only some segments of the population are accounted for if sustainable development is to be achieved. This encompasses the provision of quality education, healthcare, and essential services, the promotion of people’s welfare and wellbeing, and the reduction of inequalities in society.

Land, water, biodiversity conservation and restoration and other resources and features such as climate action pour into the broader context of sustainable development. It means managing the environmental risks in order to achieve the socio-economic goals without compromising the natural ecosystems and mankind’s overall future.

David, thank you for taking the time to write.

The reason I wrote the article using true sustainability thinking linked to human rights, governments, and businesses in 2005 was to share a framework that later can be looked up to see progress or failure and follow the why....If you read the article you will see that it gives AN ACADEMIC rationale why all the wrong you list went that way and also be able to look at what should have been,

You will find that we write in same areas from different angles

I do appreciate your comments

Respectfully yours;

Lucio

Yes, I'm definitely interested in the old formal theory of sustainability and indices from 2003, prior to Rio+20. I haven't seen the article yet, but I would love to take a look. Could you share the link or more details about it?

Some thoughts on education in these contexts:

1. "Using a Spare-Time University for Disaster Risk Reduction Education", chapter 8 in https://www.routledge.com/Learning-and-Calamities-Practices-Interpretations-Patterns/Egner-Schorch-Voss/p/book/9780415334907

2. Disaster education https://doi.org/10.1080/10382046.2011.619810

3. "Using a Spare Time University for Climate Change Education" https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10751-1_16

4. Climate change education, chapter 7 in https://www.routledge.com/Disaster-Management-International-Lessons-in-Risk-Reduction-Response/Lopez-Carresi-Fordham-Wisner-Kelman-Gaillard/p/book/9780415717441

I think Chuck`s contribution is good enough for the question. Central banks (CB) can design the monetary policy in a country I.e. If they want to support green initiatives, they can apply a different strategy for those who invest in green technologies. If banks intend to support those companies who would invest in green technologies, CB may reduce the liquidity requirements for those banks. This in turn will reduce the cost of financing. Banks even get specialized as green technology financiers.

The global competition "Agro-innovations: The Path to Sustainable Development" calls for students to submit new scientific projects aimed at enhancing sustainable agricultural practices. This competition seeks to cultivate creativity and problem-solving abilities by motivating young academics to devise innovative technologies, methodologies, or tactics that enhance sustainable agriculture. The competition offers a venue for students to present their answers to concerns including climate change, resource efficiency, and food security, aiming for a more resilient and sustainable agricultural future. Participants will engage in knowledge sharing, promoting worldwide collaboration in agro-innovation.

Angwen Constantine Your valuable comments are correct in one way, but in my opinion, the gap between environmental perception and green buying behavior is an important challenge in green product markets. They identified five marketing activity factors that lead to green marketing failure over a period of time, including:

Green Cycle: Having a reactive attitude by using public relations to deny or discredit or publicly criticize the company's green activities.

Green selling: Having an opportunistic attitude by adding some green claims to existing products with a tendency to sell higher.

Green product: appropriate interest in the fact that greening leads to cost savings. (Short-term profit is a key goal for most companies and marketing managers.)

Deductive marketing: Developing innovative green products for the market without a real understanding of actual customer demand

Acceptable marketing: Using accepted example with the application or waiting for the development of environmental law as an opportunity to promote the company's green certificates without innovation.

Perhaps it is time to go beyond and do better than the SDGs:

1. After Five Years https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/disaster-choice/202009/the-sustainable-development-goals-after-five-years

2. SDG18 https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/disaster-choice/202007/sustainable-development-goal-18

3. Connecting with disasters and climate change https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-02-2017-0043

4. Connecting with health and economics http://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v4i4.729

Summary of the 2030 Agenda (Central Points):-

The central points of the UN 2015 summit are to end poverty and hunger, in all their forms and dimensions and to ensure that all human beings can fulfill their potential in dignity and equality and in a healthy environment.

In summary of the UN 2030 Agenda (Central Points).

The central point of the 2015 UN summit is to end poverty, in all their forms and dimensions, and to ensure that all human beings can fulfill their potential in dignity and equality and in a healthy environment.

Dera Tolulope

In my opinion, the next is to check at what level these goals have been achieved, and this dome periodically

World Tourism Day Rahul Jain highlights the global importance of tourism. It underscores the role of tourism in driving economic growth and creating job opportunities, while also emphasising the need for sustainable practices to preserve the natural and cultural heritage of our planet. This year's theme, "Tourism and Green Investments," stresses the need for investing in sustainable tourism initiatives. These initiatives not only seek to minimize the negative impacts of tourism on the environment, but also aim to instill a sense of respect for local cultures and practices, contribute to economic development, and ensure a brighter future for everyone.

World Tourism Day serves as a vital reminder of the critical role that tourism plays in the global economy. By fostering economic growth and generating employment opportunities, tourism becomes a powerful engine for development in many regions. Moreover, the celebration of this day emphasizes the need to balance economic interests with the preservation of our planet’s invaluable natural and cultural heritage.

This year's theme, “Tourism and Green Investments,” shines a spotlight on sustainable practices within the tourism sector. It encourages stakeholders—governments, businesses, and local communities—to invest in eco-friendly initiatives that not only enhance the visitor experience but also protect ecosystems and cultural sites. Sustainable tourism seeks to minimize the negative impacts of travel, such as carbon emissions and resource depletion, while promoting biodiversity and cultural understanding.

By focusing on green investments Rahul Jain , the tourism industry can innovate to create responsible travel options that resonate with environmentally conscious travelers. This includes supporting renewable energy projects, promoting local products and services, and encouraging conservation efforts. As we celebrate World Tourism Day, let’s champion the idea that investing in sustainable tourism today will lead to a healthier planet and a lucrative tourism industry for generations to come.

Taking into account both the aspects of the implemented green transformation of the economy, reaching in the future a zero-carbon economy operating under the formula of a circular economy, and taking into account the issues of energy security and the ever-increasing demand for energy, as well as various economic, climatic, environmental, grological conditions, etc., in the country in which I operate the structure of the mix of energy sources in the overall national energy sector should be diversified with a predominance of renewable and zero-carbon energy sources. During the transition period, i.e. the period of implementation of the green energy transition plan, it is permissible to develop to a certain, but not dominant extent low-carbon energy sources such as nuclear power, biofuel-based and natural gas-based energy. In the future, low-carbon energy sources should be replaced by developed wind power, solar power, hydropower, hydrogen power, geothermal power, waste heat recovery and other renewable and zero-carbon energy sources. In contrast, the key issue now is the rapid replacement of high-emission energy sources based on coal and lignite, oil, fuel oil and firewood with developed RES. The fact that in a country where I have been operating for many decades and continue to financially support fossil fuel extraction and combustion coal-based energy is a matter of great embarrassment to citizens and anachronistic. It is also an important issue from the point of view of citizens' health, because by the fact that still more than 2/3 of electricity and more than 3/4 of thorny energy is produced from coal, this also translates into poor quality of the air that citizens breathe.

And why the above issue is important is what I wrote in the following publication:

What do you think about this?

What is your opinion on this topic?

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Please see our agendas for achieving sustainability:

1. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8959-2_2

2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imic.2015.04.001

3. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-02-2017-0043

Following with pleasure...

The disillusioning answer is: not really. :'(

Desertification usually occurs in arid geographical zones, where the atmospheric moisture content is low by definition. That small amount, if collected, may be enough to provide drinking water for humans. But it is necessarily insufficient to sustain a green vegetation, that requires several orders of magnitude more water.

The lucky exceptions are immediate coastal areas, where you might be able to collect some extra moisture from above the sea.

Dear Mr. Rocco!

You made valid points to consider. Open science is not "open" enough as knowledge is considered a commodity to pay for. This is reflected in research collaborations:

Quote: "Open science is the science ahead. Open science in the digital era is ‘transparent and accessible knowledge that is shared and developed through collaborative networks’ (Vicente-Saez and Martinez-Fuentes 2018: 434)." in Ruben Vicente-Saez, Robin Gustafsson, Clara Martinez-Fuentes, Opening up science for a sustainable world: An expansive normative structure of open science in the digital era, Science and Public Policy, Volume 48, Issue 6, December 2021, Pages 799–813, https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scab049, Open access:

Camilla Tetley, Susanne Koch, Narratives of research collaboration for sustainability at the global science-policy interface: A vehicle for inequality or transformation?, Environmental Science & Policy, Volume 155, 2024,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103708, Open access:

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely

I think that a broader impact could be mainly achieve by working with other researchers. Interdisciplinarity is the key for more complex fields to contribute to SDGs achievement. Is the same for mathematicians. Maybe it is difficult to think about how these subjects would be useful for practical issues like Education Quality or Zero Hunger but if physicians can help to solve any problem related that affects the environment or directly people, then is your question answered.

Creativity plays a vital role in attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by providing innovative solutions to global challenges. Every one of the 17 SDGs, which aim to tackle pressing environmental, social, and economic challenges by 2030, can be enhanced through creative and forward-thinking methods. Innovations such as mobile banking and microfinance have the power to empower economically underserved populations, contributing to the eradication of poverty (SDG 1). Through the implementation of precision farming and sustainable practices, food security in agriculture (SDG 2) is greatly improved. Healthcare innovations, such as telemedicine and wearable devices, have a positive impact on access and well-being. Digital learning platforms and adaptive technologies are instrumental in providing quality education and bridging gaps for remote communities. Advancing gender equality (SDG 5) is made possible through the use of online platforms that provide women with empowerment. Purification and efficient irrigation systems contribute to the improvement of clean water and sanitation (SDG 6). Renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind, provide sustainable solutions and help decrease our dependence on fossil fuels. Automation and digital platforms contribute to job creation and stimulate economic growth. Resilient infrastructure and innovation ecosystems (SDG 9) contribute to the advancement of industrial growth. Technologies that address inequalities (SDG 10) contribute to fostering inclusive growth. Smart city technologies and sustainable transport systems contribute to the creation of environmentally friendly urban environments. Recycling and waste management innovations promote the efficient use of resources. Climate action (SDG 13) is enhanced by the implementation of carbon capture and renewable energy technologies. Marine conservation and sustainable fishing (SDG 14) help safeguard biodiversity, while advancements in conservation technology (SDG 15) support terrestrial ecosystems. Governance innovations, such as those related to SDG 16, play a crucial role in improving institutional effectiveness and fostering justice. Collaborative platforms promote partnerships and collective action, fostering a sense of collaboration and cooperation. Innovation drives progress across all SDGs, providing solutions that tackle global challenges, promote sustainability, and enhance quality of life worldwide.

This store (US Congress Registered) wa as my first experiment to "proof" the hypothesis "economics can flourish and coexist in natural-cultural.areas."

Some thoughts on education in these contexts:

1. "Using a Spare-Time University for Disaster Risk Reduction Education", chapter 8 in https://www.routledge.com/Learning-and-Calamities-Practices-Interpretations-Patterns/Egner-Schorch-Voss/p/book/9780415334907

2. Disaster education https://doi.org/10.1080/10382046.2011.619810

3. "Using a Spare Time University for Climate Change Education" https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10751-1_16

4. Climate change education, chapter 7 in https://www.routledge.com/Disaster-Management-International-Lessons-in-Risk-Reduction-Response/Lopez-Carresi-Fordham-Wisner-Kelman-Gaillard/p/book/9780415717441

The free-to-download book "Arcticness" https://www.uclpress.co.uk/products/88283 offers some ideas. See also the articles at https://polarconnection.org/

Thank you very much on your important information Dear Dr. @Craig Carlton Dremann

I would like to explore ideas and thinking about this also in order to collate ideas about this into a paper. I was just curious how fellow researchers feel about the topic as science mainly still holds very much a 'positivist' attitude, focusing on 'fixing problems' rather than scaling up and see everything in a wider perspective. What is science for and what should the goals of it be? I have been asking my students these questions for many years in a course on research methods, but I do not find many colleagues who are openly engaging about this. The first phrase in Andrew A. Whitman 's reply makes me realize it is of course not easy to do that because of institutional constraints as well. But I think it is important that we overall hedge our bets and start thinking about scenarios that are different from the 'eternal progress' scenario, just in order to cultivate a new attitude of science towards the world that we inhabit and prepare people for what may be on the horizon. So, I was mainly just exploring ideas about the topic. It is also great to see an African colleague Marcelin Murhula engaging with this topic as I think in Africa there is a lot of experience with building 'resilience' which may be exactly what is required to address this question.

Wow, thank you so much for this fantastic answer! I really appreciate how you broke down the key features of a circular economy and its benefits for sustainable development. Your personal touch in sharing your research paper added a lot of value to your answer. I'm excited to explore more about the circular economy and sustainable development. Do you have any plans to expand on this topic or explore other areas related to CE?

Dear Catherine Apeagyei,

I am interested in scientific cooperation on the issues of Environmental Sustainability, Green Energy, etc.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Lucky Sharma thank you Very much sir for your response.

Sumaira Khan

Sustainable development involves adopting practices that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Practically, this means integrating economic growth, environmental stewardship, and social equity into policies and practices. For example, in agriculture, sustainable development can be achieved through methods like crop rotation, organic farming, and conservation tillage, which enhance soil health, reduce chemical use, and increase biodiversity. In urban planning, it might involve developing green spaces, promoting public transportation, and using energy-efficient building materials to reduce carbon footprints and enhance quality of life. Businesses can contribute by adopting sustainable supply chains, reducing waste, and investing in renewable energy. These practices not only protect natural resources but also ensure long-term economic viability and social well-being, creating a balanced and resilient society.

Dear Adeyemo Morenikeji ,

Even though it sometimes feels invisible in how our everyday unfolds, AI increasingly impacts our daily lives, from finding the best cycling route to helping us with home tasks and customizing our learning pathways. While some have a more individual impact, responsibly-applied AI can unlock new opportunities to collectively tackle some of the world's most pressing social challenges.

Regards,

Shafagat

Nadir Bouslah Organizing sports events requires meticulous planning, coordination, and the fulfillment of several key requirements to ensure their success and sustainability. Firstly, comprehensive logistical planning is essential. This includes securing venues that can accommodate the anticipated number of participants and spectators, ensuring transportation facilities are adequate, and arranging for accommodations and amenities. Venues must meet safety standards and be accessible to all, including those with disabilities. Moreover, scheduling and managing the flow of events to avoid conflicts and ensure smooth transitions are critical components of logistical planning.

Financial planning is another crucial requirement. Organizers need to secure funding through various channels such as sponsorships, ticket sales, and government grants. Budgeting must cover all aspects of the event, including infrastructure, staffing, marketing, and contingencies for unexpected expenses. Transparent financial management helps in building trust with stakeholders and ensures that funds are utilized efficiently.

Effective marketing and communication strategies are vital to attract participants, spectators, and sponsors. This includes utilizing digital platforms for promotion, engaging with media, and creating engaging content that highlights the event's significance and benefits. Clear and consistent communication ensures that all stakeholders are informed about event details, schedules, and any changes that may occur.

Human resources are another key requirement. Organizing a sports event involves coordinating a diverse team of professionals, including event managers, volunteers, security personnel, medical staff, and technical support teams. Training and managing this workforce to ensure they are well-prepared to handle their responsibilities is crucial for the event's success.

The impact of sports events on sustainable development is multifaceted and significant. Economically, these events can stimulate local economies by attracting tourism, creating jobs, and boosting business for local vendors and hospitality sectors. They also provide opportunities for infrastructure development, such as building or upgrading sports facilities, roads, and public transport systems, which can have long-term benefits for the community.

Socially, sports events can promote inclusivity, cultural exchange, and community spirit. They provide a platform for athletes from diverse backgrounds to showcase their talents and inspire others. These events can also foster a sense of pride and unity among local residents, promoting social cohesion.

From an environmental perspective, the organization of sports events poses both challenges and opportunities for sustainable development. Large-scale events can lead to significant environmental impacts, such as increased waste, energy consumption, and carbon emissions. However, with thoughtful planning and the implementation of green practices, these impacts can be mitigated. Measures such as waste reduction programs, the use of renewable energy sources, and sustainable transportation options can help minimize the environmental footprint. Organizers can also promote environmental awareness among participants and spectators, encouraging them to adopt sustainable behaviors.

In conclusion, organizing sports events requires detailed planning across logistics, finance, marketing, and human resources. While these events can significantly contribute to sustainable development by stimulating economic growth, fostering social cohesion, and promoting environmental sustainability, it is crucial for organizers to implement strategies that mitigate negative impacts and enhance positive outcomes. By prioritizing sustainability, sports events can leave a lasting legacy that benefits both the community and the environment.

Dean Langeveldt

Exploring policy frameworks for sustainable development in South Africa reveals significant implications for pre-service teacher education, emphasizing the need to integrate sustainability principles into teacher training programs. South Africa's policy landscape, shaped by global commitments like the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and national strategies such as the National Development Plan (NDP), underscores the importance of education in promoting sustainable development. For pre-service teacher education, this means embedding sustainability into curricula, teaching methodologies, and educational practices. Future teachers must be equipped with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to foster sustainable thinking and practices among their students. This includes understanding environmental issues, social justice, economic equity, and the interconnectedness of global and local sustainability challenges. Moreover, teacher education programs need to cultivate critical thinking, problem-solving, and adaptive management skills to prepare teachers to address complex sustainability issues in diverse classroom settings. The integration of sustainability into teacher education also requires collaboration between educational institutions, government bodies, and non-governmental organizations to ensure that policies are effectively translated into practice. By focusing on these areas, South Africa can develop a generation of educators capable of leading the charge towards a more sustainable future, ultimately contributing to the nation's broader sustainable development goals.

Here are a few examples:

1. Bloomberg NEF (BNEF): BNEF provides data and analysis on various aspects of sustainable energy and finance, including green bonds, renewable energy investments, and clean energy funds. They offer a range of subscription plans and have a comprehensive database on renewable energy projects and financial transactions.

2. Climate Bonds Initiative: The Climate Bonds Initiative maintains a database that tracks global green bond issuance. They provide information on the types of projects funded by green bonds, such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, and sustainable transportation. Their database is freely accessible on their website.

3. CDP (formerly Carbon Disclosure Project): CDP is a global platform that collects and discloses environmental data from companies, cities, states, and regions. They manage a comprehensive database of climate-related information, including financial metrics and performance indicators related to climate change mitigation and adaptation.

4. United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI): UNEP FI is a partnership between the United Nations and the financial sector. They provide a range of resources and initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable finance. While they may not have a specific public database for green finance indicators, they publish reports and guidelines related to sustainable finance practices.

5. Global Sustainable Investment Alliance (GSIA): GSIA is an international network of organizations that promote sustainable investment practices. While they don't maintain a public database, they publish an annual report that provides insights into the size and growth of the global sustainable investment market.

The goal of sustainability science and society is imperative for human survival on this planet Rasha A Waheeb One main obstacle is the design of our current monetary system as money can be multiplied infinitely, while our resources are finite; this is the basic eco-economic antagonism of our global social system.

To reverse the trend of tropical deforestation caused by agriculture, we can implement several strategies:Agroforestry: Encourage farming practices that integrate trees with crops and livestock. This approach helps maintain soil health, provides additional income sources for farmers, and reduces the need for clearing forests for agriculture.Sustainable farming practices: Promote methods such as conservation agriculture, organic farming, and precision agriculture, which prioritize soil conservation, reduce chemical inputs, and optimize land use efficiency.Land-use planning: Develop and enforce land-use policies that protect forests and prioritize sustainable land management practices. This includes zoning regulations, protected area designations, and incentives for sustainable land use.Investment in alternative livelihoods: Support rural communities dependent on agriculture with alternative income opportunities such as eco-tourism, sustainable forestry, and non-timber forest products.Certification programs: Encourage adoption of certification schemes like Rainforest Alliance and Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) which promote responsible land management practices.Technology and innovation: Invest in research and development of technologies that improve agricultural productivity while minimizing environmental impact, such as precision farming, drought-resistant crops, and agroecology.Education and awareness: Raise awareness among consumers about the environmental impacts of agriculture and empower them to make informed choices that support sustainable practices.