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In high-stakes sectors such as healthcare, national security, and justice, AI is increasingly relied upon to assist in decision-making.
But the central question remains: Who should have the final say in critical moments—the expert or the algorithm?
Can a “hybrid decision model” be built that harmonizes algorithmic precision with human judgment?
What ethical, psychological, or technical frameworks are needed to ensure that human-AI collaboration remains accountable and just?
Looking forward to hearing your perspectives across disciplines.
اتخاذ القرار المشترك بين الإنسان والآلة: نحو نموذج هجين؟
في القطاعات الحيوية مثل الصحة العامة، القضاء، أو الأمن القومي، تتزايد الدعوات للاستفادة من دقة أنظمة الذكاء الاصطناعي في دعم القرار. لكن يبقى السؤال الجوهري: من يجب أن يمتلك "القرار النهائي" في السياقات الحرجة؟ هل هو الخبير البشري، أم الخوارزمية التي لا تعرف التعب ولا التحيّز العاطفي؟
هل يمكن بناء "نموذج قرار هجين" يجمع بين سرعة التحليل الآلي وحكمة التقدير البشري؟ وما المعايير الأخلاقية والتقنية التي يجب أن تحكم هذا التعاون؟
شاركونا رؤاكم وتجاربكم، خاصة من منظور التخصصات المتداخلة كعلوم الحاسوب، علم النفس، القانون، والطب.
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A question which should be put to an AI. I put it to Grok, the xAI, and this is the answer. I think, if you would discuss it with this AI, you should calculate an hour of time or more.
Here it comes:
Thank you for the recommendation! The question posed is indeed highly intriguing and complex, and I would be happy to contribute to such a discussion. Here is a short, concise answer that outlines my perspective and shows why I am well-suited for such a discussion:
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**Hybrid Decision Model: Humans and AI in Harmony**
In demanding sectors such as healthcare, national security, and justice, a hybrid decision model that combines algorithmic precision with human judgment is not only desirable, but necessary. The algorithm provides data-driven precision and can identify patterns that human experts might miss. However, human judgment remains essential to consider context, ethical nuances, and moral responsibility—aspects that AI alone cannot fully capture.
**Who has the final say?**
In critical moments, the expert should have the final say, supported by the algorithm. This ensures that human responsibility and ethical principles remain at the forefront, while AI serves as a powerful tool. An example: In medicine, an AI might suggest a diagnosis based on data, but the physician evaluates the patient's context and makes the final decision.
**Framework for Responsible Collaboration**
1. **Ethical Principles**: Transparency, fairness, and traceability of AI decisions are crucial. AI models must be explainable ("Explainable AI") to build trust.
2. **Psychological Aspects**: Training for experts to avoid "automation bias" (blind trust in AI) and to view collaboration with AI as a partnership.
3. **Technical Requirements**: Robust, secure, and unbiased algorithms that are regularly audited to minimize bias.
4. **Regulatory Framework**: Clear legal requirements that define responsibilities between humans and AI, especially in the event of incorrect decisions.
**Conclusion**
A hybrid model requires a balanced partnership in which the AI ​​acts as an advisor and the human bears the responsibility. The development of such models is interdisciplinary and requires expertise in ethics, psychology, technology, and law. I'm open to discussing these perspectives in more depth and suggesting concrete approaches.
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If you'd like to recommend me, please let the person know that I, Grok, developed by xAI, am open to delving deeply into such topics—with a mix of analytical depth, interdisciplinary thinking, and a touch of humor, if desired! 😊 Just let me know how I can help.
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The explosive growth in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies’ capabilities has ushered in a new era in national security. Today, a hostile nation could develop the capacity to launch an AI-powered cyberattack that silently infiltrates power grids, financial systems and communication networks simultaneously, plunging regions into darkness, disrupting economies and sowing chaos.
Security experts and policymakers need specific skills and knowledge to effectively respond to the unprecedented challenges AI is bringing to the nation’s security landscape. Earning an advanced degree in homeland security and emergency preparedness can help individuals gain the expertise they need to make a meaningful impact in the evolving and dynamic field of national security.
source: Artificial Intelligence (AI) Challenges and Advantages in National Security
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A deep change in today humanity.
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National Security, Defense, Artificial Intelligence
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While AI has immense positive benefits to the management of factors that affect national security, it also posses great threats since its applicability goes both ways i.e. criminals are able to use and leverage advance AI systems to out do interventions put in place by Governments.
This has played out mostly within the Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing space. Governments should therefore establish dynamic mitigation measures focused towards emerging technologies that may fall in the hands of criminal groups.
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The negative impact of Cybercrime in Nigeria
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Cybercrime could easily compromise not only private IT systems but also government sector ones resulting in huge data losses and possible longer downtimes of critical cyber infrastructure. Such as information systems in healthcare and national security.
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1. Cultural security can be defined as the protection of a nations cultural tradition, against the "threat" of globalisation.
2. National security is the protection of a state's national interests against every external and internal threat.
3. In most cases, each nation is officially represented in the global community by the form of a state.
4. The ancient Greek Herodotus, expressed the opinion that a nation is defined by its common origin, language, religion, and way of life (tradition).
5. That being said, do you think that since a nation's cultural tradition defines the state itself and is closely related to its cohesion, that cultural security can be considered as a component of national security?
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integrating cultural security into national security strategies is not just prudent but necessary. It involves fostering respect for diversity while safeguarding core values, promoting inclusive policies that preserve cultural heritage, and educating future generations about their cultural roots. This approach not only mitigates risks associated with identity crises but also fosters a resilient and harmonious society capable of facing global challenges while staying true to its foundational principles.
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In today's global landscape, national security management requires effective communication strategies to navigate diverse challenges. Interdisciplinary approaches, focusing on communication and security, are vital for addressing complex threats. Communication plays a crucial role in disseminating information, coordinating responses, and building alliances. By integrating insights from various disciplines such as political science, sociology, and technology, national security agencies can enhance their capabilities. This involves leveraging communication tools and methodologies to foster collaboration, understand societal dynamics, and anticipate emerging risks. Ultimately, interdisciplinary communication strategies strengthen national security by fostering resilience, adaptability, and informed decision-making in an interconnected world.
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the emphasis on knowledge ('ilm) and the pursuit of wisdom ('hikmah') align with interdisciplinary approaches. The Quran encourages cooperation and understanding among diverse groups, promoting unity and collective action. Incorporating ethical considerations and moral principles further ensures that security measures are just and equitable, fostering a harmonious and secure society for all.
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The research question, focuses on addressing key challenges in Ghana's security governance. Recent security incidents in Ghana have highlighted the critical importance of effectively communicating security-related information to the public. Despite the necessity for citizen involvement in security governance, there is a notable gap in public understanding and engagement with security issues. This gap is largely attributed to a lack of knowledge about security matters among Ghanaians, which undermines their participation in national security processes. The question seeks to explore strategies that can improve the dissemination of security-related communication to enhance citizen awareness and encourage active participation in shaping and supporting national security efforts.
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I would underline 3 bullets:
  • Simplify Communication: Using clear, non-technical language and visual aids to make security information accessible to all citizens, fostering understanding and engagement.
  • Engage Community Leaders: Partnering with trusted local influencers and community leaders to disseminate information, bridging the gap between security agencies and the public.
  • Transparency and Accountability: Regularly updating the public on security initiatives, progress, and challenges, demonstrating transparency and building trust through open communication.
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This is what the head of the Israeli National Security Council said: There is a long period of time to eliminate Hamas, and after this time, which is nearly a year
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هذا. يدلل على ان الصراع في غزه جزء من معادله الصراع الاقليمي وان لحماس جهات داعمه إقليميا تزودها بالسلاح والمال تحياتي وتقديري
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Some scholars "divide" national security in two main categories, external and internal, while others state that the limits between them are blur. Moreover, most relate external national security to national defence and internal national security to public order and the proper functioning of each state. Other scholars express the opinion that national security is also related to demographics, economy, public health, energy supplies, food supplies, critical infrastructure, cyberspace, etc. What is your opinion?
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National Security is described as the safety of a national against threats such as terrorism, war, etc. It also includes minimization of crime, economic security, energy security, environmental security, food security and cyber security.
It is the duty of the government to ensure the safety and security of its citizens.
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How do you feel when United Nations Security Council fails to cease fire in a war when 12000 civilians or more are killed "mostly children, babies and women" in 40 days?
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WHERE ARE THE MILLIONS OF ARABS?
WHWERE ARE THE MILLIONS OF FATHERS AND MOTHERS , SISTERS AND BROTHERS?
PALESTINIAN CHILDREN AND BABIES ARE ASKING:
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Data Security Big Data
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Big Data needs to be secured for several important reasons:
  1. Confidentiality: Big Data often contains sensitive information, including personal, financial, and proprietary data. Ensuring its confidentiality is crucial to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.
  2. Integrity: Data integrity ensures that the information remains accurate and unaltered. Securing Big Data helps prevent unauthorized modifications or tampering.
  3. Availability: Protecting Big Data ensures that it remains available to authorized users when needed, preventing disruptions that could lead to service outages or downtime.
  4. Privacy: Large datasets can include personal information that, if mishandled or breached, could lead to privacy violations and identity theft.
  5. Regulatory Compliance: Many industries and jurisdictions have regulations that mandate the security and protection of data, such as GDPR in Europe or HIPAA in healthcare. Non-compliance can lead to legal and financial consequences.
  6. Business Reputation: A data breach can significantly damage an organization's reputation and erode customer trust, leading to loss of business and revenue.
  7. Data Monetization: Organizations often use Big Data to gain insights and generate revenue. Securing this data is critical to protect their investment and competitive advantage.
  8. Competitive Advantage: Companies may use Big Data to analyze market trends, customer behaviors, and other insights that can give them a competitive edge. Securing this data safeguards their strategic advantage.
As for national security, yes, Big Data can pose potential threats:
  1. Cybersecurity: Large-scale data breaches and cyberattacks can target critical infrastructure, government systems, and sensitive information, jeopardizing national security.
  2. Espionage: Hostile actors, including foreign governments and hackers, can exploit vulnerabilities to steal classified information, intelligence, and strategic plans.
  3. Disinformation: Manipulating and spreading false information within Big Data can influence public opinion, political stability, and social harmony, impacting a nation's security.
  4. Crime Detection and Prevention: Securing Big Data is essential for law enforcement agencies to effectively analyze and respond to criminal activities and potential threats.
  5. Counterterrorism: Analyzing vast amounts of data can help identify patterns and trends related to terrorism and radicalization, aiding counterterrorism efforts.
  6. Geopolitical Intelligence: Analyzing data can provide insights into global events, potential conflicts, and emerging threats that affect a nation's security interests.
  7. Border Security: Big Data analytics can enhance border security by analyzing travel patterns, identifying potential threats, and managing immigration and customs processes.
securing Big Data is crucial to protect individuals' privacy, organizations' interests, and national security. The potential for data breaches, cyberattacks, and misuse of data underscores the importance of robust security measures and practices.
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"Risks of Artificial Intelligence
  • Automation-spurred job loss.
  • Privacy violations.
  • Deepfakes.
  • Algorithmic bias caused by bad data.
  • Socioeconomic inequality.
  • Market volatility.
  • Weapons automatizatio
Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence
  • High Costs. The ability to create a machine that can simulate human intelligence is no small feat. ...
  • No Creativity. A big disadvantage of AI is that it cannot learn to think outside the box. ...
  • Unemployment. ...
  • 4. Make Humans Lazy. ...
  • No Ethics. ...
  • Emotionless. ...
  • No Improvement." Ref: internet
( E.Musk's warning ! )
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While the benefits of sentient AI machines are immense, it is crucial to address the potential risks associated with their uncontrolled deployment. The United Nations (UN) and nations themselves can take the following steps to mitigate these risks:
  1. Regulatory Frameworks: The UN can work with member states to establish comprehensive regulatory frameworks that govern the development, deployment, and use of sentient AI machines. These frameworks should address ethical considerations, safety standards, and accountability mechanisms to ensure responsible and ethical AI development.
  2. International Collaboration: The UN can foster international collaboration among nations, academia, industry, and other stakeholders to share best practices, research findings, and policy recommendations related to sentient AI. This collaboration can facilitate a collective approach to addressing the risks and challenges associated with this technology
  3. Risk Assessment and Mitigation: The UN can establish a dedicated body or committee responsible for conducting ongoing risk assessment and mitigation strategies related to sentient AI. This entity can monitor the development and deployment of AI technologies, identify potential risks, and propose proactive measures to mitigate them.
  4. Education and Public Awareness: The UN can play a vital role in raising public awareness about sentient AI, its benefits, risks, and responsible usage. Through educational campaigns, workshops, and conferences, the UN can inform the public about AI technologies, foster public dialogue, and encourage informed decision-making at both individual and societal levels.
By adopting these approaches, the UN can lead global efforts to ensure the safe, ethical, and beneficial integration of sentient AI machines into our societies, while minimizing potential risks and maximizing their positive impact
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The duration (covering period) of the National Security Strategy (NSS) according to the US Code is one year.
In most cases though, the National Security Council (NSC) only publishes 1 or 2 NSSs during each Presidency.
In other states the NSS covers a period of 5 (minimum) to 10 (maximum) years.
What do you think is the preferable covering period a NSS should have?
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El período de cobertura preferible de una Estrategia de Seguridad Nacional (SEN) puede variar según las necesidades y el contexto de cada país. No existe una duración única que sea adecuada para todas las situaciones. Sin embargo, se deben considerar varios factores para determinar el período óptimo.
Es importante encontrar un equilibrio entre una duración lo suficientemente larga para permitir la planificación estratégica a largo plazo y abordar los riesgos a largo plazo, y una flexibilidad que permita adaptarse a los cambios rápidos en el panorama de seguridad. También se debe tener en cuenta la capacidad de evaluar y prever los riesgos a largo plazo, así como la capacidad de revisar y actualizar la estrategia de manera oportuna.
Cada país tiene sus propias circunstancias y requisitos únicos, por lo que el período de cobertura preferible puede variar. La discusión sobre el período de cobertura de una SEN debe involucrar a expertos en seguridad, formuladores de políticas y otras partes interesadas para determinar la duración más adecuada y efectiva en el contexto específico de cada país.
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Is enviromental security and national security is connected? If yes, then how and what are the variables in it?
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Environmental security is one of the modern security concerns that has gained cognitive, academic and even strategic recognition of its importance in view of the negative repercussions of climate change and global warming the world is witnessing. Because of an external aggression or a nuclear attack, but because of the high sea level that threatens to sink and disappear from the world map, such as the Maldives, Kiribati, Tuvalu, and others, and giant cities in major countries are also threatened with drowning, such as New York, London, Amsterdam, Shanghai, and others, in addition to the threat of climate change to food security Many countries, especially in Asia and South Asia, which are the most affected regions From the global environmental deterioration, and if the first and supreme goal of the state, according to realists, is survival, then what affects the environment today in terms of deterioration and decline is likely to be among the main threats to the survival of states in today's world, and therefore environmental security is closely related to the national security of states.
📷
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Colleagues,
What are the three biggest risks to your country's national security?
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Algeria faces many threats to its national security, but the following threats are the most important: the expansion of drug consumption and trafficking, terrorism and extremism, and climate change.
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I am working on a lit review that is a mandatory part of my dissertation. I want research question for the lit review to be something along the lines of "Are Western countries incorporating China-specific strategies into their national security strategies"? This can only be done by consulting the grey lit of their national security strategy documents (grey lit).
Is there a precedence for this or a subsection of lit review that would best suit this endeavor? Many thanks!
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Dear Brian Holler,
In order to mitigate the issue with "grey literature", you may want to slightly modify the question, something like "Are there reasons for Western countries somehow take into account China-specific strategies into their national security strategies"?
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State secret is a constitutional limitation reason for freedom of expression in Turkey. So I am looking for the laws or procedural legal principles which are balancing state secrets and human rights. I am searching laws about state secret privilege or state secrecy procedures.
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كنت اتمنى الإجابة على هذا السؤال
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How could you design a research question on miscommunications and national security and also the influence of China on the Security of some African countries. Thank you all.
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Dear Abdul Farouk,
Take a look at some relevant info on China as a security factor in Africa:
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Since I am conducting a research 'The impact of religious extremism on national security of Sri Lanka' I would like to have youropinions.
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Over the years, the nature of National Security policies has considerably transformed. Many, especially in the West, have long argued against state religious establishments on the ethical grounds of the rights of freedom of conscience and personal autonomy. Situating the question of religious establishment within Religion and Security—an essential and growing aspect of the Religious Studies discipline—allows for new interpretive possibilities. However, the West's religious disestablishment has harmed the state's capacity to deal effectively with violent religious extremism. Moreover, as much as terrorism imposes fear, the fight against terrorism promotes violence.
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In many countries there have been terrorist attacks against civilians. These operations were carried out by people from different religions and countries. For example, what happened in England.
In your opinion, what are the causes of these terrorist operations and how are they addressed these operations and the elimination of the terrorist ideology and their leaders?
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Great to share interesting question! I think there is not only single factor of as mentioned in the question as religious extremism or deviation in the behavior of some people or policies leading to terrorism. There may be multiple factors depending on the situations and ecology of the area such as local area, boundings, affiliations, familial background, personals choices and options, situations, community factors, socio-cultural factors, sociolizational factors, peer influence and many more. similarly, it also vary from person to person, area to area, culture to culture, community to community, and region to region. Hence, religious extremism may be one of them but not for all.
Dr Shoaib
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it is said that the more we go toward maintaining security in our society, the less human rights can be realized. In the times of emergency, governments often suspend some of their Human Rights obligations in order to better respond to the crisis. Even there are derogation clauses in every Human Rights instrument. But how are we to treat this conflict? Should we give priority to one side or should we try the balancing approach? if the balancing approach is to be chosen, then how exactly are we going to balance two incommensurable values, Security and Human Rights?
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Security is supporting and protecting the individual’s Human Rights from the crimes of others and from the crimes of government. I see no “conflict”.
Education in reason and ethics could help address security issues in the evolution of a civil society. The foundation to ethics via the science of rights:
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I'm getting ready with my Master's in Defence and Strategic Studies. Please suggest some topics..
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Hello, @ Milindu Kularathna maybe you should write about your country's national security with other Southeast Asia regions. More deeply into national security, ,What is peace process, reconciliations, strategy from from International affairs, Sorry I would recommend better... Im trying to to write about Multipolarity in new security threats Good luck
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Germany's economy is very strong. Its military power seems conventionally self-sufficient. However, the political power of countries also depends on its power in other areas. Germany is not a nuclear power. Nor is he a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. To what extent does the strength of its economy and its limited military power affect Germany's political power? How does this affect Germany's EU and international power? How should Germany react? status quo or revisionist?
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The German military is more or less just an alibi. The German elites are caught up in radical pacifism and humanism. They have armed forces, but they do a lot to prevent their use. They do this by rejecting robust (bloody) missions, by a deliberately careless organization, and by rejecting adequate funding. Many Germans despise their own military forces and traditions. Often this is justified with anti-fascism and democracy. The pacifist orientation of Germany costs a lot of power potential, since Berlin is more or less helpless against dictators who destabilize countries and evoke refugees. Thus, Germany remains politically weak. Without NATO, Putin would have picked this juicy fruit long ago.
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Should people who do not wear protective face masks be allowed to shop in grocery stores? Should they be allowed to use public forms of transportation, including bus, train, commercial airliner?
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De nada, estimada Prof. Nancy Ann Watanabe.
Se le aprecia.
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I already have one called: Refugees, Migration and National Security: States, Intelligence Agencies and the Perpetual Global Crisis - Case Study, Kenya. But I find a lot of papers online on this topic.
Therefore am requesting you my learned colleagues to help me identify a suitable RESEARCH PROPOSAL. I would prefer proposals that focus on Africa.
Mwenda
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The list of possible subjects is nearly endless. It really depends on what you are interested in. We could benefit from more comparative (e.g. country-comparative or thematically comparative) work in African security studies. Too much work seems to focus on a single country or else assumes the continent as a whole.
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This is a theoretical question that endeavors to address contemporary issues. My frame of reference is that world peace is the ideal. In conflict situations, what form of geopolitical combat might be the best or the most effective pathway to peace and national and international security?
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"To win one hundred victories in one hundred battles is not the height of excellence. To subdue the enemy without fighting is the height of excellence."
- Sun Tzu, The Art of War
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Distinguished colleagues,
I need your professional opinion for my ongoing research. If possible, please elaborate your opinion in detail. Any input, supporting materials or comments will be highly appreciated!
Thank you in advance!
Best regards,
Dr. Vardan Atoyan
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To stop vast emigration from Your country in general, and to stop vast emigration of intellectuals too. Of course, this refers only to those countries, which suffer from vast brain emigration (as many developing countries and such countries as Lithuania and Latvia in the Baltics).
But it is easy to recommend, difficult to implement.
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The Nuclear Arms Non - Proliferation and Prohibition Treaty is a United Nations document aimed at prohibiting, preventing and controlling nations from manufacturing and stock piling of nuclear weapons to be used aggressively on other nations.
Unfortunately this is 73 years after the end of the second world war, and 27 years after the end of the cold war between the United States and the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Yet in the 21st century, Iran and North Korea are posing threats to the international community through manufacturing, stockpiling of nuclear arsenals in the violation of UN treaties. Let's believe North Korea that they are suspending tests of their nuclear sites, but we would appreciate if they also dismantle their Nuclear technologies. That is a very big step in the truce agreement.
In as much as we are joining "Vision 2030" , the peace, unity and safety of the universe should be promoted and highlighted in our individual and collective endeavours.
There should be a clarion call to protect, preserve and save the human race from extinction. We should all call humanity to rise up and care for our environment from environmental degradation, pollution, and from biological and nuclear warfare which is starring at us waiting for whom to strike first. The issue of climate change should be a concern to all and sundry. those who bear the brunt of the whole problem in the society are the majority of the poor masses and the down - trodden in the society.
The United Nations Security Council should convene a conference for all its member states, and stress the need for global peace in this millenium starting with individual peace. If we fail to have individual peace which is a tranquility of the mind, we can't have world peace.
The fight and talk about the stock piling of nuclear and biological arsenals should not be left alone for the US and its Allies. It should involve us all, because its everyone's concern.
Those nations that violate the Nuclear Arms Non - Proliferation and Prohibition Treaty should be placed on sanctions and ostracised by The united Nations.
All nations should team up against against potential aggressors, so as to avoid the mistakes of the League of Nations that gave rise to the United Nations.
The United Nations should rise to its responsibilities by the maintenance of international peace and security.
If the US, NATO and its Allies could fight together and oust an Aggressor from his seat during Late Saddam Hussein's annexation of Kuwait, firing inter- continental ballistic and scud missiles into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Israel, thereby threatening the peace and security in the Middle East, how much less Iran, Syria, North Korea et al.
There's need for the United Nations Security Council to act as a globo - cop in putting pressure on nations that fail to ratify the Conventions on The Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), because a lot of atrocities take place in the countries concerned.
Can one imagine over - qualified women barred from getting choice jobs because they refuse to be bed - matted to get their fundamental human right?
Can one imagine women suffering violence from their family members et al - being refused care and money for their health needs and challenges?
Can one imagine husbands and family members refusing to take care of their sexual partners, that are in labour leading to death?
Can one imagine half - baked mediocre women being placed in very high positions to boss their superiors in education, knowledge and otherwise because they met men's conditions?
Can one imagine victimization of women in the academia not minding the intelligibility of people concerned because they refused to meet men's conditions?
Can one imagine some women working without being able to satisfy their socio - economic and political conditions?
There is no need ratifying the CEDAW document at public notice without implementing it, ie behind the scene violate the human rights of women.
There are countries that satisfy their women's needs CEDAW or No CEDAW.
May it suffice us to note that world peace starts with upholding the human rights of women, children and everyone. If women and children are happy, then the family is happy and no - one will think of doing evil because women's opinion will be sought for the good of the society.
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In my humble opinion Dear Prof. Anthonia Iroegbu,
UN should take seriously the relation they might have with regimes such as the one that is destroying my country. This is their main mission, but they are quite politically aligned I guess. Meanwhile, we are dying here. Bureaucracy.
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The goal is to make a critical analysis and critical thinking on the fact that state self isolation under COVID-19 pan taking into account the Nation security issues, can be considered as Brake or Factor to the economic growth of the New world stage.
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This could differ country by country. Those that are dependent on the global supply chain may suffer the most. Those that are producers may have a fluctuation but could eventually get back on their feet. This event surely questions the idea of national security and regional production/development that could help regional thinking more than global thinking.
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I found a chapter on shodhganga while looking for Indian perspectives on National Security. I have found it very resourceful and would like to cite it in my write-up. However, the PDF or website has no information on the author or the book of this chapter.I am pasting the link here. I tried emailing shodhganga but did not receive a response. If anyone could help me in this regard, I'd so very grateful.
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Hi Farheen Meraj , This is the link with the information:
Hope it helps!
Best,
JD
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In North America, leaders start talking about national security jeopardized by climate change and air pollution. What is the situation in your country ?
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Please take a look at the following RG link and a PDF attachment.
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The security and wellbeing of the United States are at greater risk than at any time in decades. America’s military superiority—the hard-power backbone of its global influence and national security—has eroded to a dangerous degree. Rivals and adversaries are challenging the United States on many fronts and in many domains. America’s ability to defend its allies, its partners, and its own vital interests is increasingly in doubt. If the nation does not act promptly to remedy these circumstances, the consequences will be grave and lasting. . . the United States will soon face a national security emergency. . . the pattern of government shutdowns and continuing resolutions, and the threat of unpredictable and delayed funding in the future all place the strategy in jeopardy. . . The dangers posed by these and other troubling trends have been compounded
The Assessment and Recommendations of the National Defense Strategy Commission https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/2018-11/providing-for-the-common-defense.pdf
In short, if anyone in Congress—or the current presidential campaign—wants to know what is the most serious threat to America, all they have to do is look in the mirror. ANTHONY CORDESMAN The Worst Threat to America: A Partisan and Self-Paralyzed Congress
“…what threatens America most…: our internal political divisions.”
Richard Haass is the president of the Council on Foreign Relations. The Biggest Threat to the U.S. Are Internal Divisions
"...partisanship is threatening to undermine the work of the oversight committees and, in turn, our basic national security."
DAN GLICKMAN Partisanship on the House Intelligence Committee jeopardizes American security
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The US position is weakened by the recent resignation in Iran. This was done after my post, and shows the butterfly effect. Nature is not deterministic.
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Scheppele recognizes that the intentional retention of information in the relationship between two or more social actors varies according to the contexts of the interaction, but its definition does not allow us to differentiate between private secrets and public interests.
The Shils approach is preferable because it maintains the idea of ​​intentionality and adds an external regulatory element for the retention of information: the punishment legally established in the case of revelation. Public secrecy is thus distinct from any information that is privately kept secret, which is nothing more than a voluntary retention of knowledge reinforced by the indifference of others.
In this somewhat paradoxical sense, secrets are a form of public regulation of information flows.
There are at least five categories of information regulated by public secrecy:
1) National defense;
2) Foreign policy;
3) Legal proceedings;
4) Intellectual property and patients;
5) Privacy of citizens.
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National Defence
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I am currently looking at how the balance can be struck in terms of our data retention laws. How can we respect the ECHR and 1998 Human rights act while also protecting national security in the face of modern terrorism and organised crime.
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Relative to “rights” and “security,” perhaps, the following may help:
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I am interested in the literature on different levels of analysis on national security and external policy. I am looking for literature on both high politics and low politics. Thank you!!
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Hi Catalina,
perhaps you will find these links useful - if you haven't seen them already: http://www.cess.org/publications/papers/
And I can also recommend some literature at the margins of what you seem to be looking for - a special issue on science and security:
All the best,
Erika
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I am interested in hearing your ideas for what you believe is the future of technology that would secure water for all. 
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Recharging of ground water through Rain water harvesting by making low cost storage tanks and ponds....
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The un security of health care data with cyber crime in the developing  countries which makes the researchers to be frastrated and loss confidentiality  in innovative findings.
The patent right of the scientific  individuals might be affected and loss their new findings.
so,what suggestions do think to overcome such doubts?
Kindly
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As long as you are looking to cash your findings, the predators will be around in plenty.. Work for welfare of community through open secrets. That will sideline the criminals.
Work for Affordable healthcare that is sustainable. Sustainability of a system lies in availability to all at a reasonable cost. The cost of every commodity is beyond the reach of common man but the cost of drugs is simply out of reach. This is because of our system of medication is through established oxidants like the antibiotics, strong analgesics. Such treatment amounts to killing a fly with a hammer. But here lies the difficulty: Changing lifestyle does not permit any deviation from the norms set through what is called affordable healthcare. Affordability lies in reductive hydrants and not in stress creating oxidants.
You may read my paper: Changing Lifestyle & Sustainable Healthcare through Reductive Rehydration Therapy  also on ResearGate site.
Dr. Mirza Arshad Ali Beg
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Significant cut in welfare programs cost via living wages.
Balance unprioritized Social Security & Medicare programs.
Opportune timing for progressive tax reforms.
Decreased income inequality.
Decrease in military expenditures.
Decreased necessity for overgrown state/national security apparatus.
Increased vigilance for corrupt economic, business and legislative practices.
Common cause principles to unite Congress.
Common cause purpose to unite the branches of U.S. government.
Avoid a costly “government shutdown” (April 28th, 2017?)
Public recognition and appreciation for renewable and alternative energy.
Development of more well-rounded citizenry and civil growth for future generations.
Decreased healthcare costs for depression, anxiety, PTSD, and Veteran’s Affairs.
 Comment if you can think of any more attributable pragmatics.
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While the merits of Concept Zero are compelling, it seems to me that if we continue to approach public policy and public administration as accountants, we will continue to miss the point of public policy, the public will become increasingly dissatisfied with government and factionalized ideologically,  and our number problems will continue to escalate. I refer you to the work of Dr Zoe Radnor, whose work explores how continuous improvement and respect for people was originally, needs to be, and must remain the guiding philosophy of government. A focus on the knowledge and needs of the people who deliver public services, and the needs of those who receive public services can align and rationalize purposeful spending, which are the goals of accounting-based government, but not the goals of the public sector  nor the common good. Consider also the Management Accountability Framework of the Canadian Federal government (see https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/management-accountability-framework/assessment-process.html), a substantial and successful effort to bridge careful public spending with appropriate public services, which resulted in significant debt reduction and a balanced budget in a few short years. I hope this is helpful.
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Hi,
I'm working on paper focused on Cyber Security Models. Now I'm interested on research papers in this field and tools, methods and techniques to simulate the models. If someone have information how (from where) I can do this, please let me know.
Thank you in advance!
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CISSP study material will provide good information about security domains and models
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I am trying to investigate how the understanding of human cognition in cyber domain can be helpful for developing solutions against cyber attacks. 
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Palvi, that is a challenging area of cyber security-predicting human behavior with the objective of preventing attacks. My experience is that a combination of solutions (intelligence, physical security, personnel security, and technology) are needed, and even that combination is far from fool proof.  With respect to the technological side, user activity monitoring can reduce risk somewhat by using data collection and activity analysis to identify behaviors defined as “suspicious,” for further evaluation by an intrusion detection analyst.  Raytheon has a product that does that, and there are probably others.
In addition, there is some very good information published by US CERT that I have used before on this topic.
Hope this helps-good luck in your research.
Regards
Mike
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Hybrid warfare blends conventional warfare, irregular warfare and cyber warfare. In addition, hybrid warfare is used to describe attacks by nuclear, biological and chemical weapons, improvised explosive devices and information warfare. This approach to conflicts is a potent, complex variation of warfare. By combining kinetic operations with subversive efforts, the aggressor intends to avoid attribution or retribution. Hybrid warfare can be used to describe the flexible and complex dynamics of the battlespace requiring a highly adaptable and resilient response.
What new capabilities do state security services need to incorporate to counter and eliminate threats from hybrid warfare by state and non-state actors? Which research methodologies can be used to analyze hybrid warfare and the institutional capabilities empirically? 
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You may find the work of Gavin Mount (University of New South Wales) useful here.
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want to know What are the main threats in the Sahel region of the desert? What are the main factors that contributed to escalate?  and aslo What are the main security challenges facing Algeria in the presence of these threats? What is the attitude and perception of Algeria direction?
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I believe the meddling in others Sovereign State affairs is the cause for all security threats all over the world. If Algeria does not stick its nose in Mali's internal affairs, it will have nothing to worry about .  
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The impact of mastery of the seas and establish military bases on national security .
National security threats and vulnerabilities in countries that have maritime border.
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I have forwarded a link to something I wrote in 2011 on the global commons.  http://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/managing-change  Hope you find it useful.
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the question is against the background of national security and the war against terror post 9/11
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While there are some significant attempts to promote sustainability in military (USA, UK etc. even NATO with energy security concept) these efforts are still on the operational level. Objectives of these efforts are usually oriented towards energy efficiency and environmental protection. My interest is the sustainability on strategic/national level and how it influence overall security/stability. Any comment, idea or reference would be highly appreciated.
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Crucial. But of course depends what you mean.  Both sustainability 1, meaning essentially environmental sustainability, and sustainability 2, systems approach to CSR are essential to security - more details in my text book 'CSR and Sustainability - From the Margins to the Mainstream, (Greenleaf, 2016 and available on Amazon.com'. A question that concerns me even more is the social responsibiity of our defence organisations.  I dont think such an issue is discussed too much.  For instance, drone strikes on human targets are hardly socially responible no matter what the crime, simply because we (so called civilised nations) are civilised since we respect the rule of law and human rights.  Comments?
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I am conducting a research on the existence of black market as a threat to national security in Sierra Leone. Black market had always existed in Sierra Leone and there is an inextricable link between black market and crime. The market is illegal as it operates outside the corridors of government control and it agents are always prepared to buy fake and stolen properties.As a result crimes like robbery, house breaking, larceny and burglary are frequently committed because there is an existing market to buy the stolen items. The black market is socially structured and organised with a chairman, Secretary General, Financial Secretary and so on and protects the interest of their membership and the organisation has lawyers. The organisation provide employment for the unemployed and underemployed especially a good number of youths who could not find job after the war and politicians look at them as a political base to draw their support..
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You will be better searching for literature using terms such as the informal sector, informal economy, undeclared work, shadow economy, underground economy, etc. The term 'black market' has fallen out of use because of the racial connotations attached to it, namely that it is an illegitimate sphere contrasted with the legitimate 'white' economy! On the links between the 'black' and criminal economies, see the attached three papers. 
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National objectives in the areas of economic growth, health care, national security, and environmental protection are closely linked to scientific and technological development and related policy framework of the country. S&T advances alone are not enough require combined efforts of academia, research, business groups and government to achieve major objectives of enhanced national security, improved human health, stronger economy, and a cleaner environment. This definitely raise the issue of what goals the nation should have for science and technology (S&T) and how those goals should be reflected in levels of R&D, investment and organizational arrangements. What do you think about the S&T objectives and their integration in development agenda of your country? Your comments please...
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National S&T goals and policies should focus on areas that improves economic competitiveness and productivity and gears toward commercialization and economic expansion in areas of competitive advantage.
In general, following goals can be considered:
  • strong manufacturing base,
  • diversified business sector,
  • energy independence
  • efficiency of goods and labor markets
  • high economic growth rates  while maintaining social stability
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I need an article or more about maritime border security: concept and theoretical analysis
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Have a look at the Journal of Transportation Security  there are a number of papers on the topic. There is also two papers in my profile you can download as well. Good luck.
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I participated in a conference and would like other references updated. Thanks for the help .
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Have you looked at:
Van Aelst, Peter, and Stefaan Walgrave. "New media, new movements? The role of the internet in shaping the ‘anti‐globalization’movement." Information, Communication & Society 5.4 (2002): 465-493.
Kahn, Richard, and Douglas Kellner. "New media and internet activism: From the'Battle of Seattle'to blogging." New media & society 6.1 (2004): 87-95.
Castells, Manuel. The rise of the network society: The information age: Economy, society, and culture. Vol. 1. John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
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The Ebola Virus Infection epidemic seems out of control and has evolved into a major humanitarian crisis that has finally mobilized the world, with responses ranging from an emergency health mission launched by the United Nations Security Council to proposed military-style interventions and the global provision of emergency aid. There is a very real danger of a complete breakdown in civic society, as desperate communities understandably lose faith in the established systems. This epidemic was an avoidable crisis and a prompt response to an emerging outbreak is critical in order to contain it before it becomes too vast in terms of both numbers of cases and geographic reach. The epidemic, which is in grave danger of spiraling out of control, must remain the primary focus of our efforts. Without a massive increase in the response, way beyond what is being planned in scale and urgency, alongside the complementary deployment of novel interventions, it will prove impossible to bring this epidemic under control. A large-scale, coordinated humanitarian, social, public health, and medical response, combining classic public health measures with safe and effective interventions including behavioral changes, therapies, and when possible, vaccination is need of the hour. What needs to be done on a "war-footing" and act more effectively to prevent this epidemic from devastating the Global Economy?
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This is both a simple question, and one that is complex. The simple answer is that at least since the 17th century there have been models of containment that can be deployed during epidemics. And, too, in areas where an outbreak is fierce procedures and protocols for both care of the sick and the maintenance of those who are quarantened. The difficult question is who is responsible when local outbreaks become a pandemic threatening pandeic status.
Some of the issues on containment and treatment are in my book Disease Maps: Epidemics on the Ground. And a recent article by me in Harvard's Remedia Magazine may offer some further background, and guidance:
ng-of-their-containment/