National Innovation Systems - Science topic

Nations of the world vary in their technological capabilities as they do in other measures of development. these nations can be classified into multiple Technology clubs, such as highly advanced or innovative nations that still create most of the innovations in the global innovation network, then there are those who are good at acquisition and adaptation of innovations originated elsewhere, these nations innovation systems are developing fast. and then there are those who show no signs of active convergence towards becoming an innovation driven economy. The first and second types have innovation systems and thus innovation policies at varying degree of effectiveness. while the third type are passive learners being dragged behind the global innovation train only growing with whatever trickles down, from the global innovation and production system, or serendipitous creative repairs type adaptation.

Effectiveness of institutions and policies is necessary for existence and performance of innovation systems, which are in essence, intentional and created systems not occurring in normal capitalist market mechanisms. thus these technology clubs must also be divided along the policy lines. Whether innovation policy institutions exist and how effective they are, might be a determinant of technological capabilities development.

what would be the measures of effectiveness of innovation policies? Output measures as well as input and throughput measures. What is the bare minimum threshold of effective technology/innovation policy? What policy guidelines should be suitable for such passive learning economies to escape their technology lock-in state?

I am working on the efficiency of the national innovation system in developing countries using the Malmquist index in Data envelopment analysis . My sample consist of 24 countries. I am concerned about the very low scores I get for some countries; less than 0.1. It seems like the results are more biased toward 0 efficiency. Do you think this is a problem particularly that it is  is rarely found in  previous papers? If this is a problem, how do you think I can fix it?

Thank you.

I'm looking for papers and books about the economics of science and technological parks, theoretically and empirically.

Theoretically, I want to understand the underlying logic and when science parks are a good or a bad choice.

Empirically, I'm looking for cost-benefit analysis: are they a good investment?

Many approaches have been devetod to explain and/or understand the innovation (knowledge) creation process within the National Innovation System. according to Carayannis and Campbell, the Quintuple Helix model is the most sophisticated one to explain innovation in the 21rst century, where environmental issues constitute the core partner.

These authors classify environment at the same level as university; indusrty; government or the public.However, I think that envrironment cannot be considered as a separate helice ( as University for instance) but as a key variable to be included in any innovation program. this is because the four helices (U-I-G and P) are either producer or user of innovation, while envrironment does not aquire this quality.

So I would like  discuss this issue and ask you to confirm or deny my point of view.   

Many models try to shape the innovation system: national innovation system, Mode 2; triple helix; quadruple helix; quintuple helix are examples.

The emergence of any model is regarded as rivalry; yet some attributes are frequently repeated such as cooperation/partnership characteristic.

Could you list some similarities and/or differences between these models?

I am looking for literature on RIS in solar energy/PV in  the Indian context.

I want methods, techniques, approaches or other concepts that can help me to continue my research.