Science topic
Narcolepsy - Science topic
A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and amnesia. Cataplexy; sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7)
Publications related to Narcolepsy (8,554)
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Introduction
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a rare central sleep disorder characterized by a selective loss of hypocretin/orexin (hcrt)-producing neurons in the postero-lateral hypothalamus that project to widespread areas of the brain and brainstem. The aim of this study was to explore in a group of NT1 patients the metabolic alterations in the pons a...
Purpose
Angina pectoris (AP) is a major factor in heightened risk of cardiac arrest and has been previously linked to sleep patterns. It remains unclear if sleep traits play a role in the onset of AP. Our study aims to declare the causality of sleep traits on AP by Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.
Methods
Genome-wide association study (GWAS)...
Background
Narcolepsy impacts quality of life (QoL) with its symptomatology in hobbies and everyday activities, work and productivity and has social and economic consequences. The aim of this review is to map and synthesize evidence about QoL in narcolepsy patients and to focus on research strategies and publications in the matter.
Methods
A scopi...
Purpose
The relationship between idiopathic sleep-related phenotypes (SRPs) and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the link between SRPs and ISSNHL from a genetic perspective through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Methods
ISSNHL trials were downloaded from Finngen database. SR...
The neuropeptide orexin/hypocretin plays a crucial role in numerous physiological processes such as regulation of sleep/wakefulness, appetite and emotions. Dysregulation of orexin signaling has been implicated in hypersomnia, especially in narcolepsy, characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sudden loss of muscle tone while awake (catap...
Background
Previous studies have yielded conflicting findings regarding the relationship between the use of sleep-related drugs (SRDU) and suicidal behaviors. This population-based study aimed to analyze the associations between SRDU and suicidal behaviors. Additionally, we examined the associations between SRDU and specific conditional suicidal be...
During most dreams, the dreamer does not realize that they are in a dream. In contrast, lucid dreaming allows to become aware of the current state of mind, often accompanied by considerable control over the ongoing dream episode. Lucid dreams can happen spontaneously or be induced through diverse behavioural, cognitive or technological strategies....
Narcolepsy is a sleep-wake disorder with an onset commonly seen in individuals aged 10–30 years. Due to various reasons, the diagnosis of narcolepsy often experiences a delay of at least ten years. Diagnosing narcolepsy in children is particularly challenging due to atypical symptoms, leading to frequent misdiagnosis or missed diagnoses. We report...
Background
Stimulants are potent treatments for central hypersomnolence disorders or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders/attention deficit disorders but concerns have been raised about their potential negative consequences and their increasing prescription rates.
Objective
We aimed to describe stimulant prescription trends in Switzerland fro...
Purpose
To assess adverse neurological risks following influenza vaccination in older adults.
Methods
Using a linked database of healthcare administrative claims data and vaccination records from an urban city in Japan (April 1, 2014, to March 31, 2020), we conducted an observational study utilizing a self‐controlled case series design. We identif...
Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, are associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathology and future risk of cognitive impairment. This raises the exciting possibility of repurposing existing drugs to prevent or delay Alzheimer’s disease since there are multiple drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of insomnia. Dual ore...
Modafinil is a prescription-only drug in most countries. It is mainly used to treat narcolepsy and sleep disorders, but it is also used, without a prescription, as a cognitive enhancer by ~ 10% of UK University students. Previous research has focused on the prevalence of, and motivations for, these behaviours. Here we focused specifically on determ...
Solriamfetol [(R)-2-amino-3-phenylpropylcarbamate hydrochloride], a phenylalanine derivative initially developed as potential antidepressant, was shown by our group in 2009 to have potent, dose-dependent wake-promoting activity in mice. Solriamfetol (Sunosi) is used since 2019 to counteract excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in patients with narcol...
Sleep is the most important physiological function of all animals studied to date. Sleep disorders include narcolepsy, which is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, disruption of night sleep, and muscle weakness—cataplexy. Narcolepsy is known to be caused by the degeneration of orexin-synthesizing neurons (hypocretin (HCRT) neurons or ore...
Objectives
To explore the efficacy of ofatumumab in new onset narcolepsy type 1 following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Methods
We present a 9‐year‐old girl who experienced new onset narcolepsy type 1 following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Polysomnography (PSG) followed by a daytime multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) was under taken after admission. A lumbar pun...
Background
Sleep disorders are a common health problem that can be classified into many types that are distinguished by their history and characteristics. In this case report, we discuss a case of a patient suffering from recurrent unusual prolonged sleep attacks lasting up to 9 days that responded excellently to levetiracetam.
Case presentation
A...
Alzheimers disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual memory loss and cognitive decline. This multifactorial condition is influenced by aging, genetic predispositions, and various lifestyle factors. Among these, sleep has emerged as a critical component of overall health, with recent research highlighting a bi...
In narcolepsy with cataplexy, sodium oxybate and the recently FDA-approved drug pitolisant are preferred medications. Armodafinil, a longer-acting, non-amphetamine stimulant, is often used in patients who have narcolepsy without cataplexy. It enhances alertness by increasing presynaptic dopamine transmission presynaptically, amplifying serotonin in...
Study objectives
To estimate the prevalence and incidence and evaluate the treatment patterns of patients diagnosed with narcolepsy in specialist care in Sweden.
Methods
This non-interventional retrospective longitudinal study used Swedish register data from 2010–2020 and included patients diagnosed with narcolepsy (either type 1 or type 2), recor...
BACKGROUND
More studies explored the prevalence, causes, associated conditions, and therapeutic strategies of narcolepsy. With an increasing focus on understanding narcolepsy’s prevalence, associated conditions, and therapeutic strategies, there’s a notable absence of bibliometric analyses summarizing trends in research and identifying emerging are...
INTRODUCTION The metabolic activity, diversity, and composition of the gut microbiota vary significantly between healthy individuals and insomniacs 1 and also between hypersomniacs and healthy people 2. While Clostridiales and Bacteroides are regarded to be the two most important biomark-ers for differentiating between healthy people and insomniacs...
Purpose
The psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) is one of the main methods to measure sustained vigilance/attention in sleep research. Vigilance is the main factor affecting daytime function in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). We aimed to quantify the negative effects of sleep–wake disorders on vigilance and investigate potential neural mechanis...
We present the Large PSG Model (LPSGM), a unified and flexible framework for sleep staging and disease diagnosis using polysomnography (PSG) data. LPSGM is designed to address the challenges of cross-center generalization in sleep staging and to enable fine-tuning for downstream disease diagnosis tasks. LPSGM introduces a unified training framework...
LA DYSBIOSE INTESTINALE AVEC SIBO/GIPO EST LA CAUSE LA PLUS FRÉQUENTE DE LA SPA, D'AUTRES SPONDYLOARTHRITES, DE L'UVÉITE, DE TROUBLES DU SPECTRE AUTISME (TSA), DE LA MALADIE DE BEHÇET, D'AUTRES MALADIES AUTO-IMMUNES ET NEUROPSYCHIATRIQUES.
Le terme dysbiose fait référence à l’altération de l’équilibre microbien du microbiote normal, c’est-à-dire de...
Excessive daytime sleepiness is a possible symptom of post‐COVID syndrome and is also the cardinal symptom of narcolepsy, a rare life‐long sleep disorder with a possible autoimmune background. Recent reports indicate that COVID‐19 infection may trigger narcolepsy. However, it remains unclear how best to identify and treat such cases. A 25‐year‐old...
Background and Purpose
Narcolepsy is a chronic illness characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Recently, sodium oxybate (SXB) has been the only effective drug in treating multiple symptoms of narcolepsy. Our study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of SXB in treating narcolepsy.
Method
We searched four databases for e...
Introduction: Medical students are at higher risk for sleep disorders due to academic workload, stress, and mental health issues. This study evaluates sleep disorders and their contributing factors. Material and methods: It was a cross sectional study with a sample size of 255 respondents. Collection of demographic information, Socioeconomic status...
Background/Objectives: Narcolepsy is a chronic neurologic disorder associated with substantial challenges that affect the social, emotional, and financial quality-of-life domains. A social listening analysis and structured survey were conducted to better understand the candid perspective of people with narcolepsy (PWN) and their experience with twi...
The Strange Untold Story of How Science Solved Narcolepsy
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/strange-untold-story-how-science-solved-narcolepsy-2024a1000l8v
Automated sleep disorders diagnosis is difficult because physiological symptoms vary considerably. Furthermore, using Polysomnography (PSG) is an expensive, time-consuming, and inconvenient procedure for the patient, where many modalities are used for a long duration. These differences make it challenging to develop efficient sleep problem detectio...
Study objectives
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a chronic sleep-wake disorder, characterized by a loss of hypocretin production. Unexpectedly, in post-mortem tissue of people with NT1 there is a loss of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the paraventricular nucleus. CRH is known as activator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in re...
Objective
Narcolepsy, a rare neurological disorder believed to have an autoimmune etiology, necessitates lifelong management. This study aimed to provide evidence supporting the safety of pharmacological treatment for narcolepsy.
Methods
Five-year data on pitolisant, sodium oxybate, solriamfetol, and modafinil were extracted from the FDA Adverse E...
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is an uncommon, persistent sleep disorder distinguished by significant daytime sleepiness, episodes of cataplexy, and irregularities in rapid eye movement sleep. The etiology of NT1 is linked to the destruction of hypothalamic neurons responsible for the synthesis of the wake-promoting neuropeptide known as hypothalamic orex...
Brain clearance involves the drainage of waste molecules from the brain, a process that is suggested to be amplified during sleep. Recently proposed MRI-based methods attempt to approximate human brain clearance with surrogate measures. The current study aimed to explore whether two brain clearance surrogates are altered in narcolepsy. We processed...
Charles Fisher is a pioneering historical figure in sleep laboratory research and sleep medicine who distinguished himself in nine areas: (1) he first documented nocturnal sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep periods in narcoleptic patients; (2) he published the first case of polysomnography (PSG) documented acute REM sleep behavior disorder...
Background
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is primarily caused by a malfunctioning immune system in which T-cells damage the hypothalamus. To elucidate the causal relationships between biomarkers in T-cells and NT1, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Methods
We conducted a two-sample MR analysis utilizing genetically predicted T-cell trait...
Sleep hypnograms are essential for understanding sleep architecture and diagnosing prevalent sleep disorders. Recognizing the strong correlations between successive sleep stages and the inherent sequential structure of sleep hypnograms, this study introduces HypnoGPT, the first GPT-based hypnogram language model. By modeling the sequential nature o...
Nightmares are a common symptom in narcolepsy that has not been targeted in prior clinical trials. This study investigated the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares (CBT‐N), adapted for narcolepsy, in a small group of adults. Given the high prevalence of lucid dreaming in narcolepsy, we added a promising adjuvant component, targe...
Norepinephrine–dopamine reputake inhibitors (NDRIs), including bupropion, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and reboxetine, are commonly prescribed for psychiatric disorders such as narcolepsy, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and depression. Cardiovascular adverse events have been reported to the FDA despite their effectiveness. This pharmaco...
Introduction
Cerebral aneurysm (CA) is a common vascular disease. The risk factors of CA include hypertension, smoking, and a family history of genetic predisposition. Although sleep-related problems have been found to have a strong association with cardiovascular disease, there is a lack of research regarding the causal relationship with cerebral...
Study Objectives
To examine the difference in psychiatric comorbidity of Danish patients with Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), Narcolepsy type 2 (NT2), and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH).
Methods
Polysomnography (PSG), Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), and lumbar puncture were performed on 505 patients referred to a sleep clinic for diagnostic evaluation o...
In major depressive disorder (MDD), main clinical features include insomnia and increased daytime sleepiness. However, specific treatment options to promote sleep in MDD are limited. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB, clinically administered as sodium oxybate) is a GHB/GABAB receptor agonist used clinically in narcolepsy, where it promotes restorative slo...
Autoimmune diseases result from the interactions of
genetics factors, environmental factors and decreasing humoral immunity
with the appearance of autoantibodies or auto-reactive T cells.
Using Narcolepsy with Cataplexy (NT1) and Multiple sclerosis (MS) is
a good example to illustrate this hypothesis. The narcolepsy secondary
or symptomatic to mult...
Background: Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and episodes of cataplexy, frequently triggered by psychological stress, significant disturbances in sleep-wake cycles, pregnancy, or trauma. Modafinil is widely used as the preferred treatment due to its effectiveness in alleviating EDS, improving disease outcomes, and e...
Background: Kābūs (The incubus phenomenon) is a paroxysmal sleep-related disorder involving episodes of sleep paralysis and apparent wakefulness, accompanied by a sensed presence and a frightening feeling of visuotactile sensation of a person or entity exerting pressure on the thorax. Aim: This paper aims to review existing literature on the incubu...
The poster presents information about non-pharmacological methods of treating narcolepsy. A review of psychological and psychosocial interventions indicates the possibility of their use in the treatment of narcolepsy. In addition, it is worth noting that psychological interventions, in addition to pharmacological treatment, may be related to qualit...
Sodium oxybate extended-release suspension (LUMRYZ™; hereafter referred to as sodium oxybate ER) represents a promising novel option for the treatment of narcolepsy. It is the first once-nightly sodium oxybate formulation to be approved in the USA for the treatment of cataplexy or excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in adults with narcolepsy. Sodium...
Objective
Depression is a common psychiatric issue among patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). Effective management requires accurate screening and prediction of depression in NT1 patients. This study aims to identify relevant factors for predicting depression in Chinese NT1 patients using machine learning (ML) approaches.
Methods
A total of 203...
Key Clinical Message
Modafinil used for narcolepsy caused an atypical adverse reaction, as itchy acneiform lesions, subcutaneous nodules and superficial skin wounds after 2 years of use. After extensive examinations for 5 years, modafinil was discontinued, and the healing process began in 3 weeks with completion in 1.5 years.
Objective : To identify potential genetic risk factors for sleep disorders (SD) and to explore the causal associations between lifestyle factors and clinical features with SD, given the limitations of traditional observational studies. Methods : Data from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were analyzed, encompassing 34 lifestyle fact...
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, and/or other dissociated REM sleep symptoms such hypnagogic hallucinations and sleep paralysis are characteristics of narcolepsy. Antidepressants are being used to treat cataplexy and EDS in narcolepsy patients. These medications have an amphetamine-like effect on the central nervous system (CNS). Othe...
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is associated with severe loss of orexin neurons and characterized by symptoms including excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Current medications indicated for NT1 often show limited efficacy, not addressing the full spectrum of symptoms, demonstrating a need for novel drugs. We discovered a parenteral orexin receptor...
Solriamfetol is a selective dopamine and noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor applied in adult patients with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) associated with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the post-marketing safety profile of solriamfetol in large number of people was unrevealed. The purpose of our study is to unravel solriamfet...
Anti-IgLON family protein 5 (IgLON5) antibody-related encephalitis is a rare but increasingly recognized central nervous system autoimmune disease. It displays heterogeneity in clinical presentation. As the clinical case repository expands, our understanding of the disease's clinical phenotypes and therapeutic approaches continues to evolve. This r...
The study of sleep disorders encompasses many examinations of physiological, psychological, and mental factors that influence sleep. This review article focuses on the prevalent sleep issues such as insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and, mainly, sleep paralysis. The primary objective is to identify the major contributing factors, with an emphasis...
Introduction: Central disorders with hypersomnolence (CDH) are a group of sleep disorders characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) that can be related to REM-sleep dissociative symptoms. They have a low prevalence in the population and may not be explained by other medical conditions. Materials and methods: A cohort of 59 Chilean patient...
Introduction
Sodium oxybate, an effective treatment for narcolepsy-associated daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, has been extensively. Despite its therapeutic benefits, sodium oxybate is not without its risks, and adverse psychiatric effects have been documented. This case report highlights a rare manifestation of sodium oxybate-related secondary ma...
Background. No device is yet available to effectively capture the attentional repercussions of hypersomnolence (HYP). The present study aimed to compare attentional performance of children with HYP, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and controls using behavioral and electrophysiological (EEG) markers, and to assess their relationship...
Background
Sleep played an important part in human health, and COVID-19 led to a continuous deterioration of sleep. However, the causal relationship between micronutrient and sleep disorder was not yet fully understood.
Methods
In this research, the genetic causal relationship between micronutrient and sleep disorder was analyzed utilizing a two-s...
(1) Background: Methylphenidate (MP) and amphetamine (AMP) are psychostimulants that are widely prescribed to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. In recent years, 6.1 million children received an ADHD diagnosis, and nearly 2/3 of these children were prescribed psychostimulants for treatment. The purpose of this rev...
(1) Background: Methylphenidate (MP) and amphetamine (AMP) are psychostimulants that are widely prescribed to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. In recent years, 6.1 million children received an ADHD diagnosis, and nearly 2/3 of these children were prescribed psychostimulants for treatment. The purpose of this rev...
Introduction
Throughout their academic pursuits, students may encounter various sleep-related issues, including insomnia, sleep apnea, hypersomnia, or sleep terror disorder. These disorders can profoundly impact their well-being, emotional state, and academic achievements.
Objective
This study, of significant relevance to the field of nursing and...
There is conflicting evidence for impaired autonomic control of heart rate (HR) in adults with narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnolence (IH). Despite these chronic hypersomnia conditions primarily being diagnosed around the age of puberty, there are limited studies in children. The present study investigated cardiovascular control using heart rate...
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a unique central sleepiness disorder that affects individuals with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations. The etiology and pathogenesis of NT1 remains unclear, although some viral infections are thought to be related to NT1. This paper reports an unusual case of late...
Hypersomnias (hypersomnolence) are a group of neurological diseases with the main manifestations in the form of pathological daytime sleepiness and/or excessive need for sleep. Most sleep disorders are also accompanied by increased sleepiness during the day, which requires differential diagnosis of various causes of hypersomnia and identification o...
Purpose
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) can have a significant impact on health and quality of life but may remain undiagnosed due to low awareness and underestimation of the clinical impact of the symptoms. An online screening tool supported by media campaigns might increase awareness and help detect undiagnosed cases of EDS and narcolepsy. The...