Nanostructures - Science topic

using UV analysis

Hi, This can ba a potential topic: Investigation of the Physicochemical Properties and Stability of Food-Grade NLCs

Dear Yana, your question is related to an important fundamental discussion in contemporary art philosophy, art theory and aesthetics.

In the structural upheaval towards a digital, knowledge-based network society, social cohesion and social participation are more than ever being developed through artistic identifications, everyday aesthetic performances and expressive stylizations (cyber identities, virtual life designs, digital alter egos, etc.). Algorithmic matchings and self-learning artificial intelligences and are exponentially gaining in importance and influence in high, high ridge, and elite cultures as well as in mass, pop, and lifestyle cultures. The use of algorithms, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and now Nano structures requires trust from people in collecting, sharing, gathering, and interpreting data. The widespread notion that the use of AI-powered tools and nano microscopic processes merely facilitates the analysis of large amounts of data, Big Data, without in turn entailing determinations, is simply proving to be false. It is feared that large tech companies, using smart programming techniques and their exorbitant computing capacities, will be able to create complex virtual worlds without humans being able to decide whether they are simulations or not.

In the preceding process of social transformation, formerly supposed and/ or actual demarcations are apparently becoming invalid. The spectacular applications of artificial intelligence in the field of music and art, literature and aesthetics, culture and media, as they can be observed in recent years, open up the space for a new aesthetics: an artificial intelligence aesthetics with far-reaching consequences for the arts, life worlds and everyday practices. In analogy to how advances in computed tomography led to the establishment of Neuroaesthetics two decades ago, we assume that, as a result of Deep Learning, there will be the formation of an AI aesthetics and Nanoaesthetics with its own research questions. The primary goal of the interdisciplinary research is to provide evidence, through an interdisciplinary investigation, that an independent AI-aesthetic and Nano-based phenomena sector with specific aesthetic problems is contouring itself. Insofar as artificial intelligence or developments in the area of nanoparticles will permanently define and modify both arts and life practices, AI-aesthetics and Neuaesthetics see itself as a scientific discipline that systematically researches these changes, but also the change potentials and options associated with the technology.

From this, it seems that the fluorescence is coming from the calixarene rather than the ATP, which has an absorption maximum at about 260 nm, not 285 nm, unless ATP in the ATP-calixarene complex behaves differently from ATP in aqueous solution. Is calixarene without ATP fluorescent?

En mi opinión el nano arte es el arte de la naturaleza, es igual al arte de la fotografía, por lo tanto es individual. Pertenece a quien tome la fotografía.

Unless your film absorbs strongly at long wavelengths, it seems that a significant fraction of your absorbance is either due to (a) a flawed baseline or (b) scattering. If you expect no absorption at 1200 nm, you can either set the absorbance at that wavelength to zero or more explicitly account for scattering by fitting a Rayleigh (C x Lambda^-4 + B) or Mie (C x Lambda^-n + B) scattering tail to your data.

Please what you mean by COF

Yes, antibodies and most antigens are quite stable at room temperature. After all, they are able to function inside your body. Stability problems are usually due to microbial contamination. Thus, while scientists commonly perform immunochemical assays at room temperature for a few hours, for overnight incubations you should use 4C or include an antimicrobial. Sodium azide is commonly used, inexpensive, rapidly effective, and highly toxic to practically everything. In my experience 0.02% NaN3 is sufficient to maintain sterility. However, it destroys horseradish peroxidase, so it is incompatible with immunoassays utilizing this reporter enzyme. For HRP assays substitute 0.02% thimerosal.

For such preparation are suitable method MOCVD, method of sol-gel technology, method based on magnetron sputtering of target, method of ion-beam sputtering of material in vacuum condition and thin film deposition, method of electron beam evaporation of components in vacuum, method of nanotechnology by using the chemical reactions for direct nanostructural material making and others.

Kindly refer to the following articles:

first....do setting of comsol on your computer, then you can follow many tutorials either directly in your comsol (application libraries)or through application gallery belongs to comsol

May be helpful

No

Dear Maryam,

Thanks for your interesting question! Likely, the Tc chemistry has somewhat similarity to the Rhenate chemistry, due to the lanthanide contraction. However, there is a good report on the Internet:

All the best for your research,

Thomas

Gerhard Martens A stable colloidal dispersion won't settle. If it does, then Stokes' Law tells you it's not 'nano' (< 100 nm by ASTM and ISO definitions). The usual problem is low counts. Without knowledge of the chemistry of the system then it's difficult to decide what's going. For example, low pH's will cause dissolution and higher pH's may cause hydroxide precipitation. Thus, the entire game changes and we're dealing with a new system.

Mrs Fateme Moosavi

I hope these attachements will be helpful for you

Dear Ankit,

Use Beam command

B.R.

Suggest the following paper:

Low power ultrasonics is highly effective at establishing and maintaining a suspension. A full ultrasonic cleaner may be more power than you want. And the dip sonicators may also be too much. We have a syringe plunger designed to dispense suspension where the plunger has an ultrasonic probe inside that operates on a low duty cycle at extremely low power, yet is highly effective at establishing nano suspensions and maintaining them even while pumping the material to a test application.

Yes I can utilizes

Dear Ardra S Darsan, H2O2 is an oxydant, in acidic medium it oxidiees Cl^- to Cl2, this means automatically the reduction of Fe(III).

H2O2+2FeCl3→2Fe(OH)Cl2+Cl2

For further details, you can contact the authors of the following attached paper. My Regards

Dear Chai Heng Yean . See the following useful RG links:

Dear all, please have a look at the attached file and the references therein. My Regards

Can anyone please provide density and accoustic impedance of CZTSe compound.

TEM resolution is better, so for really small particles (just a very few nanometers) TEM is better.

Hi.

The test for determining the concentration of a solution is ICP-OES.

In this formula, V1 is representative of the volume of the dense solution, M1 is the molarity of the first solution, V2 is the volume of the diluted solution you want, and M2 is the molarity of the diluted solution that you want.

If the solvent is water and the amount of substance in it is too much low, you can assume that the density of the solution is almost equal to water.

Thank you for your help:)

Dear Joe,

Of course yes!

Photons with energy higher than the energy gap can break bonds and ionize semiconductor atoms, in various scenarios, In addition to the direct photoionization scenarios, mentioned above, we'd other less probable processes, such as the excitation of inner core electrons

COMSOL is nowhere near free...

Anyway, if your structure is periodic, another free software you can use is S4, which relies on RCWA: https://web.stanford.edu/group/fan/S4/

Electro negative property of clay will govern if Any cationic nano material is added. But still u should have mentioned the type of nano materials.

Dear Jayaprakash Deenadayalan, at least you should mention the polymer and the nanomaterials under investigation. For NMP, it is a particular solvent among all solvents, in developping special spacial arrengements that imparts and imposes order of structures. Please have a look at the following document. My Regards

The addition of nanomaterials to polymer-based structures would result in strengthening if the nanomaterials serves as filler to the voids in the structure, or if they serve as crystallization site templates, promoting higher order.

However, there's only a certain amount of nanomaterial that you can add to strengthen a composite. Usually, if it is already in excess amount, instead of promoting strengthening, the nanomaterials would result in the disruption of crystallinity/order in the polymer, thereby weakening the material.

Likewise, the mixing compatibility of the materials as well as their colloidal stability in the chosen solvent should be also considered. Any slight aggregation in the nanomaterial may also result in drastic decrease in the composite's mechanical property. It is recommended to have the composite mixture homogenized first prior to membrane fabrication via phase inversion. you can homogenize through prolonged mixing, or much better if you can access a shear or conditioning mixer.

@Chian Heng Lee ,I have calculated dipole moment it's value also changes after doping.

Hi, I think the dry condition could take place in a appropriate magnetic field which the powder's random orientation could turn into aligned by trapping the powder during curing/drying steps (i.e. powder could be used as additive). If we could bind the chains on a substrate then we could lower the degrees of freedom. The rest of the analysis is like other materials unless the structure get smaller which I could recommend:

Is that all you have? You have access to the liquid without particles? If not, you could centrifuge what you have, collect the supernatant liquid and add back just a fraction of the sedimented particles. This assumes you will be able to resuspend them. Another option is to use a cuvette with a narrower pathlength (e.g., instead of 10mm for UV-vis, use a 4mm or 1mm cuvette).

Dear Ali Hessamy, please have a look at the following links, they may bring some help. My Regards

10.1089/ast.2009.0456

Ravi SHANKAR Rai

You also have to consider the heterogeneity of the sample. This heterogeneity can be very high on the small samples typically measured in electron microscopy. Further, XRD will provide a single figure only for crystallite size via Scherrer or Williamson-Hall when we know that there must be a distribution. Microscopy allows us to explore the particle size distribution and shape of the particles in the system. In some cases, with polished samples, crystallite size distribution can be studied. So basically we're comparing apples with raspberries even though both are fruit...

Dear Md. Mahmud ,

The molecular dyes can be substituted by nanometer MAPbIxBr3−x (MA=methylammonium) perovskites. Please for more information please follow the paper:Nanoscale Perovskite-Sensitized Solar Cell Revisited: Dye-Cell or Perovskite-Cell? in the link:

Best wishesd

Hi there,

We provide researchers with low-cost mild- and hard- anodized AAO templates, having different pore lengths and diameters. Contact: amirh.montazer@gmail.com

Dear@ Noori

Please see the link.

Dear Nishant Singh Jamwal ,

The electrical characterization can be made by measuring:

The conductivity using the 4 point probes.

The mobility using the time of flight of the charge carriers between their sourced to their destination.

The carrier concentration using the Hall effect.

The minority carrier lifetime using the photoconductive decay.

You can find information about these methods in the link:

Best wishes.

I think it is better to use SpectraMax M3

You can see this research:

1. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2021.612070/full

2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340378249_Nonlinear_optical_properties_of_core_shell_type_II_quantum_dot_structures

Dear Muhammad Ikram, I hope you are safe and well!

Did you consider the off-diagonal values as: i*g?

You can consider i*m*g, where m is used in parametric sweep as -1, 0, 1.

It makes the magnetization inversion in a quickly way.

Further, what polarization are you exciting the structure? TM? TE? For TMOKE measures, it is important use TM wave and align the magnetic field component with the external magnetization. In 2D model, I usually set TM wave with Hz direction.

I hope I may help you in your studies!

Best regards!

Dear all, in some investigations washing is neglected not because it is innecessary but to avoid the appreciable loss of NPs during this step. However, surfactants, capping agents and solvent molecules tightly stick to the surface of NPs rendering the properties illdefined, so for succinct study, washing should considered. My Regards

Thanks all for your reply

OK, so you seem to be interested in the fundamentals of the analysis. A good starter is the Omicron manual, even if your setup is from another company (start on page 67 for non-instrument specifice analysis):

You get the stoichiometry from the equation on page 68. The tricky part here is the mean free path of the electrons since the curves you find in the literature are usually made for bulk solids and not for nanomaterials. Therefore this will generate some uncertainty in your stoichiometry.

The deconvolution is a heavily debated topic, you will find several discussions on it here on RG. The "full deconvolution" involves fitting with Gaussian/Lorentz/Voigt functions (choice is also debated, for the asymmetric sp² carbon there are also debates on RG) and assigning each of them to a single or group of chemical species. This assignment may require support from DFT or other QC calculations, a good example that we used to give our students when I was a KIT was this one:

The most popular software for the full deconvolution is CasaXPS, but there are also alternatives (see also other debates here on RG).

If you want to compare the chemical state in differently prepared nanomaterials, the full deconvolution might be cannonballs fired at sparrows. In this case you could just normalize the intensity and subtract the peaks from each other. This way you will see in which parts of the binding energy range components were added an which were removed.

Grain size is not the only factor determining the conductivity, but the smaller the grain size, the greater the interface resistance, easy to increase the resistivity.

I have faced this problem during my Microring resonator modeling. It may occur for several reasons. My thoughts are:

1) The error caused in Boundary conditions, periodic conditions, and variable definitions that directly interact with the simulations. (These can be the main reason)

2) Incorrect mesh size ( Mesh size must be very much smaller than the operating wavelength)

3) The improper refractive index definition of the material (Materials acting as the gain medium, which is not intended for your simulation I guess)

4) Error in Perfectly Matched Layer (PML). Check the distance of port to the PML layers

Please provide us an update about the right reason for the problem in your simulation. Thank you.

Dear Khalid Muhammad Hasam , FLIM and SEM are based on different physical effects and therefore using a SEM image as reference for a FLIM image would be rather impractical, unless you are thinking to use the two techniques as a way to do a correlative microscopy, where you have an image with information from both techniques. A kind of layered information, that in this case would let you to add information from FLIM to the topographic information provided by SEM. In this way a continuous greyscale SEM image without any particular difference observable could become enhanced by the FLIM info superposition, which will show the different lifetime of the fluorescent dye according to the local environment in each place of the area recorded.

FLIM image provides intensity information, from the fluorescent photons emited by the sample, so the final FLIM image is an artificial color image where you can apply a color code according to the lifetime shown by each pixel. In your case it looks like you used a RGB code to register the different lifetimes of each pixel. Say that your sample show red when the lifetime is the largest and blue when it is the smaller. You could change the RGB to grayscale simply applying a conversion, where for example you associate red with white for long lived fluorescence and black or dark gray for not fluorescence at all or very low lived fluorescence.

SEM images register the electron intensity from each sample point and then they are displayed as gray levels in the image, but as said above, there are not a direct correlation between these two techniques and therefore it would not be a good idea to use a SEM image as reference for a FLIM.

About the change between RGB FLIM 200 nm and RGB FLIM 100 nm, it is not clear what you want to do, particularly what the 200 and 100 nm means. They could be the line scale of your images, or the lateral size of your images, or their resolution. For a proper help, it would be useful for us to get some information about these values.

If you want to zoom in on the first image (200 nm) to see some details or cut some area of interest, the action would be as usual with any image and you would not need to change the RGB map unless you want to skip some region with extralarge values that are distorting the color map. In this case you could set up a new color map, having into account just the fluorescence lifetimes of these areas selected for the zoomed image.

Hope this helps. Good luck with your research work!

Dear Amarjyoti Das ,

If I can add a small answer to the excellent reply of Massimiliano Arca , maybe you could be interested in Multiwfn Software (free) that allows for calculating different bond order analysis (Mayer, Widberg, Mulliken ...) from a *.wfn of *.wfx file provided via Gaussian with option "out=wfn" or "out=wfx" before "Opt" command in your input file.

I personally didn't know about NBO bond order as I'm quite new to NBO theory but glad to have read this thread!

Depending on the version of Gaussian and (surely!) NBO you have access to, I know in the case of NBO 7.0 you have to use in your input "pop=nbo6read" and then give the instruction at the end with $nbo .... $end.

Hope this could help you !

Dear Mayyadah Hussein

In spite of their dominance in the photovoltaic market, silicon-based solar cells - whether single crystal, polycrystalline, or crystalline amorphous – are expensive. An antireflection coating is used to reduce surface reflection losses, and this is one of the technological elements that adds to the cost of typical production processes. Nanoporous or macroporous silicon (PS) can be used as a low-cost solution to the problem by electrochemically modifying solar cell surfaces at ambient temperature. To the best of my knowledge this reduces the cost but may be decrease the overall efficiency. You may see the following reference

Dzhafarov T., Bayramov A. (2018) Porous Silicon and Solar Cells. In: Canham L. (eds) Handbook of Porous Silicon. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71381-6_95

Nanoparticles and nanomaterials are different concepts and terms.

Nanomaterials are materials created using nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles are isolated solid-phase objects (isolated ultradisperse objects) with a size of 1-100 nm.

Previously, isolated ultradisperse objects were called "colloidal particles","ultradisperse particles".

First of all you should know how to generate a QSAR model. After that you may be able to answer your own question.

You should use a solvent-fits drug to extract the drug from the system, then centrifuge, and finally detect it by UV spect. By the way, more details need to be explained to give you the best solution

Esteban Diaz-Torres Wow , great explanation.

Thank you my friend !, Yo soy de Monterrey,

Saludos !

Souvik Bhattacharjee Thank you very much. May I know how oxidative environment affecting the film quality. Will it lead to porosity or will it cause other issue?

Dear Sarah Abdullah thank you for asking this very interesting technical question which is certainly of broad general interest to many RG members. In order to get a good overview on the various techniques suitable for characterizing nanomaterials please have a look at the following helpful review articles:

Fortunately this article has been posted as public full text on RG. Thus it can be freely downloaded as pdf file.

The following useful review article is also available as public full text:

(see attached pdf file)

Good luck with your research work! 👍

Dear Simon Roa ,

In these two papers you can find nice results with formulas involving the AFM tip radius, the contact circle, the penetration depth and mechanical properties:

I hope it helps.

Hi Jamil Ahmed Buledi

You can use XAS for determine the chemical environment around a specific atom in the crystal structure, such as first, second and may be third neighbors, the interatomic distances, oxidation states, DOS and so on.

Regards!

Kok Hou Lok

X-rays are scattered by the electron density of water and surfactant molecules, and the scattering cross section or intensity I (Q) increases in direct proportion to the number of electrons (electron density) or the atomic number of an element. X-ray diffractometer SAXSessmc2 (Anton Paar GmbH, Austria) allows measurements in the range of values ​​of the modulus of the wave vector Q of X-ray scattering from 0.03 to 28 nm – 1. Scattering (SAXS) in the range of about Q = 0.6-2 nm-1, information on the diameters of surfactant micelles (cavities for micelles) can be obtained. Beginning at Q> 10 nm – 1, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) begins. Micelles are created using water. If you lyophilize a micelle, its structure will change. You will have to investigate with a diffractometer for crystalline and amorphous substances. See articles

In addition to previous answer, the use of super hydrophobic surfaces in solar would help you prevent the surface being dirt, which results no need of cleaning. So, it is equally important to make them hydrophobic too.

dear colleague

it is not biology my speciality but the paper attatched should help you or at least give you. it is preparation of gold nanoparticles using biological solvent

regards

Good question

Hi Anju, the short answer is "no". Consider the purpose of the reference electrode. What is required is that any change in the potential applied to the cell should only be expressed across the solution-working electrode interface. This requires the potential across the reference electrode-solution interface to be fixed, typically by exploiting the Nernst equation and solubility equilibria for e.g. calomel or silver chloride. More specifically, electrodeposition is a bit of a black art. Getting the desired form of the electrodeposit requires all kinds of decisions about the experimental conditions. If you are intending to use constant current deposition, then a reference electrode may still be necessary to be confident that the desired working electrode reaction is still dominating. The form of deposit is strongly affected by current density and pulsed deposition is often used to control the number of nucleation sites. Different conditions are then required to get the desired growth.

Please have a look at this useful link.

thank you You Chen

Harshit Agarwal Thank you so much for sharing the link. It is working. I will work on this.

Very interesting @Hassan Yousefnia, is that bio-degradable or bio-based materials? What is the source of polymer? Oil-based, plant, or bacteria-enzyme? As for the application, are you aiming for mechanical properties or functional such as anti-oxidant, gas barrier, perfume and so on?

PEG4000+nanostructures sounds like a lot of atoms. Possibly you may require to use QM/MM modelling. I haven't done that in Gaussian, but there seems to be an official tutorial on it cowritten by the Gaussian developer Bernhard Schlegel:

NASCAM is not an open source, but it is free - 3D kinetic Monte Carlo package to simulate film growth - https://www.unamur.be/sciences/physique/ur/larn/logiciels/nascam Using this code you cn simulate balistic deposition with or without taking into account surface diffusion