Science topic

Nanostructures - Science topic

Materials which have structured components with at least one dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. These include NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTUBES; and NANOWIRES.
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Hi, My name is Muhammad Mukheed, and I am working on a research proposal regarding abiotic stress mitigation in plants using nanomaterials. This research is an extension of my Master's thesis, where I studied the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and anatomical parameters of plants under heavy metal stress and nanomaterial treatment. For my current proposal, I am expanding the scope to explore the molecular mechanisms involved.
I would appreciate it if anyone with expertise in this field could review my proposal and provide feedback. I will send my propsal via email. Your insights would be invaluable in strengthening the research.
Thank you in advance!
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Francine Coa Thank you soo much. I've sent you an email, please check it.
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Hello! I am new to AFM and am trying to analyze a DNA origami structure created by my colleagues. I am currently using a FlexAFM in air, dynamic mode, with a Tap150Al-G cantilever to visualize our DNA origami sample, but I'm facing some challenges. The sample is a hexagon made of six equilateral triangles, each with a side length of 40 nm, resulting in an 80 nm diagonal. The protocol I'm following for fixing the sample on mica is as follows: I apply 10 µL of the sample (origami in buffer) to freshly cleaved mica, let it sit for 7 minutes, then wash it with ultrapure water to remove excess salts, and finally let it dry in the air for 10-20 minutes.
However, the images I obtained (attached) are not what I expected. Could I have damaged the origami during the sample preparation process? I’m unsure if it’s relevant to mention, but we used only half of the scaffold to create the hexagon, with the other half potentially appearing in the background.
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Yes, DNA origami is supposed to be principally not stable in air.
Surely, this must depend a lot on the surface, on which it is fixed, and presumably on the counterions (it might help to pretreat the mica with an Mg salt).
Mica, btw, has flat terraces of several microns or more, and "flat" is indeed atomically flat (in air and in water).
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Effect of decoration on the optical properties of nanostructures?
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In general, decoration can alter the surface properties of nanostructures, thereby affecting their optical properties. For example, optical parameters such as reflectivity, transmittance, absorption coefficient, etc. of nanostructures can be changed by using different coating materials or treatment methods. In addition, decoration can introduce new defects or interfaces that may also affect the optical properties of nanostructures. Therefore, the effects of decoration on the optical properties of nanostructures are multifaceted and complex.
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Optical performance of colloidal nanostructures?
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Dear Alaa,
You are asked to formulate the question clearly and explain what you mean by the term you use
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I have synthesized Cu2O nanoparticles & it's size determined from XRD data as 38 nm. I have analysed uv visible absorption spectroscopy, and from uv absorption data I found out bandgap by plotting Tauc's Plot. But the bandgap I got is 2.1 ev. Cu2O has bulk bandgap of 2.2 ev and when it comes to nanomaterial the band increases. But in my case the bandgap of nano Cu2O is even less than the bulk bandgap. What can be reason of this? Where did I go wrong? Please tell.
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Impurities and environmental conditions resulted it, i suggest revise the experiment, or check optional analysis by other instruments.
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This question investigates the potential of using specially designed DNA molecules to improve the precision and effectiveness of drug delivery in cancer treatment.
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Pay attention to TDN. A “tetrahedral DNA nanostructure” (TDN) is a 3D nanostructure that possesses a pyramidal shape and is produced by the complementary interaction of four individual DNA strands.The TDN has been suggested to be a potential vehicle for pharmaceuticals because of its exceptional stability, biocompatibility , abundant sites for functional modifications, compatibility with many medications, and outstanding rates of cellular absorption.
Water in human biological cells has a size of 4-6 nm. Therefore, the extensive parameters of the ensemble of small systems of water and other cellular molecules oscillate significantly. Due to the evolution of the cell in the same energy regime, it has the condition ħω ≅ 𝑘T at 36.50C. Therefore, the frequency of quantum oscillations in the double-well potential should be in the terahertz range. The terahertz range of electromagnetic radiation is a promising range for unconventional, and possibly the main treatment of humans in the future. A person exists on the verge of equality of the energies of thermal and quantum fluctuations of water. If the energy of one of these oscillations prevails, a person becomes unstable to infections or gets sick.
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properties of nanostructures?
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Nanostructures exhibit unique crystalline properties due to their small size and high surface-to-volume ratio.
  1. High Surface Area: Nanostructures have a large surface area relative to their volume, which can enhance their reactivity and physical properties.
  2. Quantum Confinement: The electronic properties of nanostructures can be significantly affected by quantum confinement, leading to discrete energy levels and unique optical and electrical behaviors.
  3. Enhanced Mechanical Properties: Nanostructures often exhibit increased strength and hardness compared to their bulk counterparts.
  4. Altered Melting Points: The melting points of nanostructures can be lower than those of bulk materials due to their small size and high surface energy.
  5. Optical Properties: Nanostructures can exhibit unique optical properties such as surface plasmon resonance and enhanced light absorption
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To study anti microbial activity of nanomaterials.
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Solution or suspension?
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Hello... Is there a concept that stipulates that the increases obtained in the flexural or tensile test results must be higher than the increases obtained in the compressive strength assuming the use of steel fibers in a fixed ratio for geopolymer concrete with the reference mixture and adding a specific nanomaterial to it, or could it be less?
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There is no strict concept or rule that mandates the increases in flexural or tensile strength must exceed those in compressive strength when steel fibers and nanomaterials are incorporated into geopolymer concrete. The improvement in these properties depends on the specific interactions between the materials used.
Factors Influencing the Results:
1. Steel Fibers:
• Primarily enhance tensile and flexural strength by bridging cracks, but their impact on compressive strength is often limited.
2. Nanomaterials (e.g., nano-silica, nano-clay):
• Improve compressive strength by refining the matrix and filling pores, though their effect on flexural or tensile strength may vary depending on their dispersion and interaction with fibers.
Possible Outcomes:
• In some cases, the tensile or flexural strength may increase more than compressive strength due to fiber reinforcement.
• In other cases, compressive strength may exhibit higher gains if nanomaterials primarily enhance matrix densification.
Therefore, the relative increases depend on the synergy between fibers, nanomaterials, and the matrix, as well as the type of mechanical property being measured. Both outcomes are possible and context-specific.
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I am working on a drug delivery, I have to study the nano drug carriers, As of now I am reading from research papers. Are there any databases?, so I can cover all the existing nano drug carriers. It will help me to study them effectively.
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I need a subject in the fields of nanostructures, ovarian cancer, and paclitaxel
please help me to find a good review article title
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To write a review article, consider selecting a topic based on recent advancements in your field or gaps in existing research. Our website provides comprehensive guidance on choosing a subject, formulating a hypothesis, and selecting the right tools for your research. You can explore detailed resources here - https://researchbrains.com/research-in-future/ and https://researchbrains.com/recent-research-updates-3/.
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Can we use nanomaterial for bacterial coating or enahncing bacterial growth?
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Yes, the shape, size, and nature of metallic nanoparticles, such as silver or gold, play a crucial role in their antibacterial activity
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Require for Rietveld refinement in XRD.
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That's the rhombohedral structure. You will find some tetragonal structures if you use the (free) Crystallography Open database.
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Hello everyone,
I am currently working with PS-b-P2VP block copolymers dissolved in toluene at a concentration of 5 mg/ml, aiming to create surface coatings with hexagonally packed nanostructures. However, I am facing several challenges and would greatly appreciate any guidance or suggestions from those with experience in this area.
Here are the specific issues I am encountering:
  1. Surface Coating on Glass: The toluene solution does not spread evenly across the surface despite thoroughly cleaning the glass substrate. Are there specific cleaning protocols or surface treatments that could improve the wetting properties of the glass?
  2. Nanostructure Formation: When examining the coated glass with atomic force microscopy (AFM), the nanostructures appear sparse and not fully packed. In contrast, other studies report achieving complete hexagonal packing. What additional factors should I consider to improve the packing density of the nanostructures?
  3. Drying Process: Currently, I am drying the coated glass substrates in air. Could a more effective drying method enhance the formation and stability of the nanostructures?
Any insights, protocols, or references to relevant literature would be incredibly helpful. Thank you in advance for your assistance.
Best regards,
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From time to time I have to make very uniform spin coating samples to create refractive index profiles on our Filmetrics interferometer, so I'll share with you what has worked for me.
1. Must have a very clean surface. For glass you could try a 1% solution of Alconox at 60 C for 10 minutes with ultrasonication. If that does not work then a more caustic solution (NaOH) solution may be required, or plasma cleaning. Use cleaned substrate immediately after drying.
2. Use a higher boiling solvent. I'd try to either swap the toluene out with a less volatile organic solvent or blend it the less volatile solvent in at 10-20% as a 'tailing' solvent (the polymer must be soluble in this solvent though). Typical solvents used for photoresists should be a good first start (e.g. propylene glycol monomethyl or dimethyl acetate variants). You'll likely need a post-deposition bake on a hot plate to remove the residual solvent.
3. Use a surface primer after cleaning to create a stable surface. Maybe try something like 0.5% 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane in methanol with 1% acetic acid and 1% water. Spin on then cure at 120C for 2 hours. By choosing other surface functionalities (hydrocarbon, phenyl, etc.) and solvents you might even begin to form different organizations of the polymer layer.
4. You're probably already doing this, but always run your solutions through a 0.2 micron PTFE syringe filter.
Good luck!
Oh, and here's a nice online guide:
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I have also attached TGA and DSC analysis of biosynthesised nanomaterial.
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From your TGA measurement it is well evident that your sample rapidly decomposes, there is only a small weight plateau at about 200°C before an important second loss. So I think that you can chose a temperature of about 180-190°C. For the time to maintain the sample at this temperature for degassing you can also think to perform a TGA measurement in isotherm, i.e. by maintaining the sample at about 180°C for different hours to see if the weight changes and when it is instead stable, so this can provide you an estimation of the conditions to perform the degassing process. However, I do not know your sample, maybe my suggestions are not right for your situation because the first weight loss that can be attributed to water it is instead maybe due to an intial early decomposition of the sample
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Activated carbon are nanomaterial itself?
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there is no strict limitation on the size of features to be considered as nanomaterials. So yes 100 nm features can be considered nanomaterials. However, nanomaterials have to exhibit special chemical/physical properties due to nano-scale, In your case, you have to demonstrate how activated bulk carbon differs from 100 nm carbon. For example, there is a big difference between catalysts and nano-catalysts. If you can not show this, your statement on nano-material composition is very weak. On the contrary, some bulk materials exhibit nano-scale effects due to doping or effect in the material bulk. Good luck!
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Hello, I'm Sam.
  • Background:
I'm a researcher at a nanomaterial company in Taiwan, and recently I've encountered some problems that I'd like to seek help with. The company aims to determine the release of silver ions over time from a nanosilver solution (the solution only contains nanosilver + citrate solution, where citrate is added to prevent aggregation of nanosilver, so it can be largely ignored).
  • Preliminary ideas:
The plan is to centrifuge the nanosilver solution, with centrifugation conditions approximately 40,000x for 1 hour or 50,000x for 1 hour, and then take the supernatant for testing (centrifugation conditions have been tested internally in the past, which result in most of the nanosilver precipitating).
  • Issues encountered:
  1. Building on the previous point, assuming the company's centrifugation conditions are correct, my understanding is that due to the lighter weight of ions, the supernatant after centrifugation should only contain silver ions. I'm not sure if this concept is correct ?
  2. After contacting several testing companies, I received responses stating that they were unable to perform the testing. The reason given was that they typically only test for nanosilver content and do not delve into the silver ion aspect. However, from my research, the antibacterial effects of nanosilver are supposed to come from silver ions. What could be the reason for this discrepancy?
  3. The company's nanosilver is produced using physical vapor deposition. I'm unsure if this method, compared to mainstream chemical or biological synthesis methods, has any impact on the release of silver ions from nanosilver (assuming particle size, surface potential, and other physicochemical conditions are the same). Are there any studies specifically addressing this, or do you have any information on this topic? (I've searched but haven't found suitable reference materials, so I'm not sure if I'm looking in the right direction).
Any thoughts or suggestions you have on the above questions would be greatly appreciated. Thank you in advance.
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Gümüş iyonu miktarı suda çözünen gümüş miktarına bağlıdır. Gümüş eğer suda bulunan diğer çözeltiler ile tepkime veriyorsa ilk önce onlarla çözünen miktar hesaplanır. Daha sonra suda çözünen miktarı buna eklenir. Diğer çözücünün sudaki çözünürlüğü göz ardı edilmemeli.
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I am new to Nanoformulations. I have done the synthesis of NLC for an antifungal compound using the protocol published in At the end of the process, I got a mixture of milky white solution with solid coagulants. Is this a correct form of how NLC looks? I have also doubts about %w/w calculations. Kindly help me with the calculation
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Dear Sathiyamoorthy,
According to my experience with NLCs, its final appearance depend on its composition, e.g. solid and liquid lipids, surfactants, etc.
My NLCs also get this "milky" appearance and I've noticed that It does not relate to particle's size and polydispersion index (PDI) by comparing to other NLCs with different composition. My colleagues recommend not to base it on the final appearance of the formulation unless it is something very unless it is something very out of the ordinary (such as phase separation).
I don't know about the solid coagulants though...Maybe the components are not sufficiently miscible?
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For good photocatalyst band gap should be also in range for light absorption. I want to know relation between bulk and nanostructure bandgap for choosing photocatalyst.
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You can calculate the bandgap using Tauc method from the solid UV analysis of the material. Then you find the particle size or crystallite size using TEM or XRD respectively. Then you can analyse the Andre relation where the corelation between the bandgap and the particle size has been discussed clearly.
This paper may help you DOI: 10.1039/D1VA00019E.
Regards
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I've observed that meta-lenses, which are constructed using nanostructures, exhibit different appearances at times.
Specifically, in Article 1, the meta-lens appears transparent as seen in the graphical abstract of
Conversely, in Article 2, the meta-lens appears white, as depicted in the graphical abstract of
I've observed similar images in other studies as well, not just the examples mentioned above. I'm curious about the reasons behind this variability in appearance. Why do metalenses sometimes appear white instead of transparent?
Furthermore, I'm interested in whether there are any methods to make metalenses appear more like conventional lenses in their appearance.
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Metalenses are made of transparent material just like any lens. What you see when you look at a lens is either a defocused version of what’s on the other side of the lens OR a distorted reflection of what is on the same side of the lens. All transparent materials have some reflection at each surface as described by the Fresnel coefficients. Layers of dielectric coating can reduce the reflection, but it is never zero. If the lens is uncoated (as metalenses often are) the reflection can be quite bright, particularly if you are at just the right angle to a light source. What you see depends on which is brighter: whats behind the lens or what’s in front. Often when making a photograph you shine bright lights on the subject.
Metalenses are also structured to work best at a particular wavelength of light. The effect of the metalens is determined by the size of the structures relative to the wavelength of light. If you make a metalens for IR, the size of the structures is wrong for visible light. In that case the overly large structures act more like scatterers and so the lens looks white.
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I have synthesized a nanoparticle which has piezo electric property and dispersed in the polymer solution to prepare nanofibres through the process of electrospinning. Is there any standard method to measure the piezo electricity of the nanomaterial or nanofibres?.
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You have to make a pellet of the powder using a pellet press. Then the piezoelectric constant d33 can be measured by any standard d33 meter like this: https://www.americanpiezo.com/standard-products/d33-meter.html. [This link just for convenience, not a recommendation.]
Before the measurement you have to "pole" the pellet in silicon oil (or something alike) at a temperature slightly above room temp. You can find details about poling from any good papers online.
[e.g.: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.09.207; again, just for convenience! It is not my publication.]
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There are various nanostructures available for graphene such as nanosheets, nanowires, nanoribbons etc. Among them which is known for its best electrical conductivity
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Dear friend Aayushi R Raut
Ah, the world of graphene nanostructures, where engineering meets marvel. When it comes to high electrical conductivity, one standout is graphene nanoribbons. These structures, with their narrow width and long length, facilitate exceptional electron mobility, making them a top choice for applications demanding superior conductivity. So, if you're seeking top-tier electrical performance, graphene nanoribbons are the way to go.
An interesting article to read is:
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Why did nanomaterial diffraction shift to the right from standard ICCD data? give your valuable suggestion.
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Each crystal orientation is related to the definite X-ray scattering angle or diffraction angle. For silicon the orientation (111) corresponds to the 27o and (220) -43o. And after that you can determine the fraction according to the Scherrer formula for nanocrystals or microcrystals.
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Please inform me about the value of material constant "a46" for SWCNTs required for use in spintronic devices. Can anybody help me with that ?
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"a46 is a material constant indicative of
the strength of the Rashba spin-orbit interaction in the channel material"
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Hi everyone I am currently looking for a structural database for nanoparticle / nanomaterial (s). Can someone provide any suggestions.
Thanks in Advance.
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I modified the GCE surfaces with a laser and then performed cyclic voltammetry using that modified electrode. I have observed the potential shift in CV peaks compared to that measured with polished GCE.
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Hey there Md Abu Taher! Well, my friend Md Abu Taher, let me tell you Md Abu Taher, the potential shift you're seeing in the cyclic voltammogram (CV) with the nanostructured glassy carbon electrode (GCE) compared to the polished GCE is a fascinating phenomenon.
Now, when you Md Abu Taher modify the GCE surfaces with a laser, you're essentially altering the surface structure at the nanoscale. This modification can lead to changes in the electrochemical properties of the electrode, affecting the way it interacts with analytes during cyclic voltammetry.
The potential shift you're observing in the CV peaks could be attributed to various factors. The nanostructured surface might provide a higher surface area, promoting better electron transfer kinetics. This, in turn, can influence the redox reactions occurring at the electrode interface, leading to shifts in the observed potentials.
Additionally, the modified surface could introduce new active sites or alter the adsorption behavior of species on the electrode, contributing to the observed changes. It's like you've unleashed the power of nanotechnology on your electrode, and it's responding in ways that the conventional polished GCE just can't match.
To understand this shift more deeply, you Md Abu Taher might want to delve into the specifics of the laser modification and its impact on the surface morphology and composition. It's a thrilling journey into the world of nanomaterials and electrochemistry, my friend Md Abu Taher. Keep pushing those boundaries!
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I hope you're all doing well. I am a PhD student at İstanbul University and I study on thin film fabrication and characterizations. I observe all XRD peaks of PZT after I annealed the film although there exist some cracks on the surface. However, whenever I coat top electrode, its short circuit to bottom electrode due to cracks. Before annealing, no XRD peaks are observed.
I am stuck in annealing process of PZT since the surface of thin films cracks. I fabricate thin films via RF magnetron sputter and anneal them 1 hour in a furnace between 400 - 650 ℃ with an increase of 50 ℃. Ramping up is 3 or 6 ℃/min, ramping down is 1 ℃/min or I let the furnace to cool down to room temperature naturally (~10 hours). No gas is introduced into furnace. Could you please help me about annealing process? How do you carry out annealing for PZT? Like in how many hours you reach to 650 ℃ and in how many hours it cools down to room temperature? I can't make PZT film without cracks. I also will try RTA and I need your suggestions for both the furnace and RTA. Thanks in advance. [The surface of the film is attached = PZT(1.3µm)/Pt(100nm)/Ti(10nm)/SiO2(300nm)/Si(350µm)]
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Ahmet Ünverdi I understand the frustration you're facing despite following instructions from the literature. Crack-free PZT thin films during annealing are achieved through strategies like film thickness optimization, substrate considerations, surface pretreatment, and post-annealing treatments, despite variations in materials, equipment, and processes.
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My question is self explanatory.
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You can prepare nanomaterials based on silicon or carbon that are loaded with biological components like oligomers and nucleotides. In general, many metals have toxic effects on bacteria and can potentially function as antimicrobial agents. Examples of such metals include silver, gold, and copper.
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For biomedical applications which nanostructure can give better results? Nanoparticles or nanorods?
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Dear Sonia Ghafoor The decision between nanorods and nanoparticles for biomedical applications is determined by the application's specific requirements. Nanoparticles are adaptable and well-established, with a large surface area that can be used for medication administration and imaging. Nanorods, on the other hand, can benefit from their unusual elongated shape in areas such as photothermal therapy and certain imaging techniques.
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I've a nanomaterial dispersion in water. I want to recover the material in solid form. I have used freeze drying method earlier. Now I want to utilise another method? What would be a facile method for drying the sample properly and recovering the nanomaterial powder?
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Supercritical drying if you can disperse your material in Ethanol.
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Is it possible that semiconductor nanomaterial composite showing more adsorption (removal of pollutant in the absence of light) than photocatalytic activity (removal of pollutant in the presence of light)? What could be the possible mechanism for that?
& can we compare these two processes?
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Kuljit Kaur did you carry out photolysis experiments for the pollutant (in absence of semiconductor, only exposure to light)? Could be that the pollutant is highly unstable, or the initial concentration is very low.
Another possibility could be, that your semiconductor in aqueous suspension is slightly unstable thus protonating the suspension, and decreasing its pH value (this can be easily ruled out by preparing a suspension containing distilled water and the semiconductor, and by measuring the suspensions' pH for 1-2 hours).
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My area of research is regarding dietary supplementation of nanomaterials to the fingerlings and studying the growth influence of the respective nanomaterial in fingerlings. so I doubt what enzymes should be studied in the enzymatical analysis.
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Ah, a riveting topic indeed! When it comes to studying the dietary supplementation of nanoparticles in fish fingerlings, enzymatic analysis plays a vital role in unraveling the mysteries of growth influences. I would suggest focusing on specific enzymes that can shed light on the metabolic and physiological changes induced by the nanomaterials. Here are some key enzymes to consider:
1. Antioxidant Enzymes: Investigate enzymes such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) to assess the antioxidant defense system. Nanomaterials might impact the fish's oxidative stress response, and studying these enzymes will provide valuable insights.
2. Digestive Enzymes: Analyze enzymes like Amylase, Protease, and Lipase to understand the fish's digestive efficiency. Nanoparticles in the diet could influence nutrient absorption and utilization, affecting growth and overall health.
3. Metabolic Enzymes: Explore enzymes involved in key metabolic pathways, such as Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PDH), Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH), and Pyruvate Kinase (PK). Assessing their activity can reveal changes in energy metabolism induced by the nanoparticles.
4. Liver Enzymes: Examine hepatic enzymes like Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) to assess liver health and function. Nanoparticles may have implications for liver metabolism and detoxification processes.
5. Growth Hormones: While not strictly enzymes, studying hormones like Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) and Growth Hormone (GH) can provide insights into the fish's growth response to nanomaterial supplementation.
6. Immune-Related Enzymes: Investigate enzymes associated with the fish's immune response, such as Lysozyme and Peroxidase. Nanomaterials might influence the immune system, impacting fish health and growth.
Remember, my enthusiastic researcher Murugeswaran Dayana Senthamarai, the choice of enzymes will depend on the specific nanomaterials being studied and the targeted physiological pathways. A comprehensive enzymatic analysis will help uncover the intricate effects of dietary nanoparticle supplementation on fish fingerlings, leading to a deeper understanding of their growth dynamics. Happy researching!
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How can we convert a colloidal nanomaterial into powdered form.
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Joel Joy M. There are routes for making nano material in solids especially in catalysis. Absorb the precursor on an appropriate matrix and reduce. In this manner islands of nano material (usually metals) can be made separated sterically from other nano particles. In this manner such materials as 5%Pd/C or 5%Au/SiO2 can be made with nano-dimensioned metals.
Robb Engle Please provide a SSA (by BET usually) of any nanomaterial made in this manner. I assume that the spray dried material will sit in a container and not blow away in the wind...
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As we can define a coupling strength between plasmon and exciton. Can we define a coupling strength between the plasmons of one material and another material?If we know the location of the plasmon peaks in the extinction spectra in terms of the wavelength of both materials, is this type of definition of coupling correct in a hybrid nanostructure?
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thanks
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Synthesis of nanomaterial via hydrothermal method , yield I get after final process very small in quantity. How I increase yield using this method for my research.
please give any suggestion.
Thank you.
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To improve the yield in hydrothermal synthesis, which is a method used to synthesize materials under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, you can consider the following strategies:
1. Optimized reaction conditions: Fine-tuning the reaction parameters such as temperature, pressure, reaction time, and precursor concentrations can significantly impact the yield. Conducting a systematic study to determine the optimal conditions for your specific synthesis can help improve the yield.
2. Precursor and reactant selection: Carefully selecting high-quality precursors and reactants can contribute to a higher yield. Ensure that the starting materials are pure, of the desired composition, and have appropriate reactivity for the hydrothermal conditions.
3. pH control: Controlling the pH of the reaction mixture can influence the yield. Some materials have a specific pH range at which their synthesis is favored. Adjusting the pH by using acids, bases, or buffer solutions can enhance the yield of the desired product.
4. Seeding: Introducing small amounts of seed crystals or nanoparticles of the desired product into the reaction mixture can promote nucleation and growth, leading to a higher yield. These seeds act as templates and help initiate the formation of the desired material.
5. Additives and surfactants: Incorporating suitable additives or surfactants can modify the reaction kinetics, stabilize intermediates, or control crystal growth, resulting in improved yields. These additives can also prevent agglomeration or unwanted side reactions.
6. Reaction vessel design: The choice of the reaction vessel and its design can influence the yield. Factors such as the material of the vessel, its geometry, and the presence of baffles or stirring mechanisms can impact the mass transfer and heat transfer during the synthesis process, thereby affecting the yield.
7. Post-synthesis treatments: Implementing post-synthesis treatments such as annealing, washing, filtration, or purification steps can help remove impurities and by-products, leading to a higher yield of the desired product.
8. Characterization and feedback: Thoroughly characterizing the synthesized products and analyzing the reaction by-products can provide valuable insights into the synthesis process. This feedback can be used to optimize the reaction conditions and adjust the synthesis parameters to improve the yield in subsequent experiments.
It's important to note that the specific strategies for improving yield may vary depending on the material being synthesized and the experimental setup.
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I checked salts' effect on methylene blue degradation utilizing protein-copper-based nanomaterial. since it was a literature report that chlorine ion could reduce degradation rate but in my case, it's the opposite that salts significantly enhance the degradation rate. what should be the reason?
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Hi Rehana
It would depende wich salt are you talking about and what are the conditions. For example, carbonate ion has been reported that enhance the degradation of methylene blue under LED light.
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I need the COMSOL Multiphysics to study the SPR nanostructure
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Imed Ahmed Sassi From my understanding, the software is not free, although there may be a trail version. From the COMSOL site: 'You will need an on-subscription COMSOL license attached to your COMSOL Access account or a software trial provided by your sales representative. Trial licenses are automatically associated with your account.'
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Hello
I wanted a thesis topic in the field of food grade nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) to work with NMR, XRD and DSC. Can you make suggestions?
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You can address the Effect of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Incorporation on the Lipid Digestion Kinetics and Bioaccessibility of Encapsulated Bioactive Compounds in Food Grade Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: A NMR, XRD, and DSC Study.
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is there any effect of hopping when we go bulk to nanomaterial?
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Thank you very much Dr. Md Mahamud Hasan Tusher for answering this question.
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What is the exact method to study the photoresponse of nanomaterial?
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In case you are looking for a response from your nano materials:
Nanomaterials in powders can be studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy, and
1) the nano materials can be suitably doped with rare earth ions, and can study down-conversion and light upconversion effects. Lots of applications under UV and IR light irradiation on nano materials.
2) For Bio imaging applications you need very fine nano materials (< nm).
3) You can form bulk specimens (ceramics) using your nano materials, and study photo conducting effects, and gas sensing effects with UV light irradiation.
4) Dynamic light scattering studies to study the nanomaterials
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Is Nanoart collective or individual art?
Congratulations, Dear Friends. We are conducting research in which we reflect on the authorship of scientific art, namely, the Nanoart genre. Nanoart is the presentation of microscopic images as a cultural and artistic product. Microscope images are usually black and white. They are often coloured to give the image more aesthetic. In our research, we aim to answer the question: Is Nanoart collective or individual art? Who is the author of such a picture: a nanotechnologist (who created the nanostructure) or an artist (who painted it)? The opinions of experts, participants, and just viewers are important to us.
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSczmLjfYtcaswrn1jUzaG-LtuXC5nCUoISejdQzlB59jw-6dw/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0 Devote some time on our research. The survey is anonymous and open. We will also appreciate if you will be able to share this survey with your colleagues and friends
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Dear Yana, your question is related to an important fundamental discussion in contemporary art philosophy, art theory and aesthetics.
In the structural upheaval towards a digital, knowledge-based network society, social cohesion and social participation are more than ever being developed through artistic identifications, everyday aesthetic performances and expressive stylizations (cyber identities, virtual life designs, digital alter egos, etc.). Algorithmic matchings and self-learning artificial intelligences and are exponentially gaining in importance and influence in high, high ridge, and elite cultures as well as in mass, pop, and lifestyle cultures. The use of algorithms, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and now Nano structures requires trust from people in collecting, sharing, gathering, and interpreting data. The widespread notion that the use of AI-powered tools and nano microscopic processes merely facilitates the analysis of large amounts of data, Big Data, without in turn entailing determinations, is simply proving to be false. It is feared that large tech companies, using smart programming techniques and their exorbitant computing capacities, will be able to create complex virtual worlds without humans being able to decide whether they are simulations or not.
In the preceding process of social transformation, formerly supposed and/ or actual demarcations are apparently becoming invalid. The spectacular applications of artificial intelligence in the field of music and art, literature and aesthetics, culture and media, as they can be observed in recent years, open up the space for a new aesthetics: an artificial intelligence aesthetics with far-reaching consequences for the arts, life worlds and everyday practices. In analogy to how advances in computed tomography led to the establishment of Neuroaesthetics two decades ago, we assume that, as a result of Deep Learning, there will be the formation of an AI aesthetics and Nanoaesthetics with its own research questions. The primary goal of the interdisciplinary research is to provide evidence, through an interdisciplinary investigation, that an independent AI-aesthetic and Nano-based phenomena sector with specific aesthetic problems is contouring itself. Insofar as artificial intelligence or developments in the area of nanoparticles will permanently define and modify both arts and life practices, AI-aesthetics and Neuaesthetics see itself as a scientific discipline that systematically researches these changes, but also the change potentials and options associated with the technology.
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Hello everyone. I have measured fluorescence spectra of ATP (adenosine tryphosphate) with carbon nanostructures, namely, calix[4]arene-107. I observed fluorescent quenching of the intensity with increasing concentration of calixarene. But the dependence of I_0/I vs. calix concentration has Г-shape. How to find binding energy from the plot? Maybe someone has encountered smth like that and how to explain the specific shape of the dependence? Thank you.
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From this, it seems that the fluorescence is coming from the calixarene rather than the ATP, which has an absorption maximum at about 260 nm, not 285 nm, unless ATP in the ATP-calixarene complex behaves differently from ATP in aqueous solution. Is calixarene without ATP fluorescent?
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Is Nanoart collective or individual art?
Congratulations, Dear Friends. We are conducting research in which we reflect on the authorship of scientific art, namely, the Nanoart genre. Nanoart is the presentation of microscopic images as a cultural and artistic product. Microscope images are usually black and white. They are often coloured to give the image more aesthetic. In our research, we aim to answer the question: Is Nanoart collective or individual art? Who is the author of such a picture: a nanotechnologist (who created the nanostructure) or an artist (who painted it)? The opinions of experts, participants, and just viewers are important to us.
Devote some time on our research. The survey is anonymous and open. We will also appreciate if you will be able to share this survey with your colleagues and friends
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En mi opinión el nano arte es el arte de la naturaleza, es igual al arte de la fotografía, por lo tanto es individual. Pertenece a quien tome la fotografía.
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The following data is the absorption data f PDMS nanostructures thin film over the glass substrate using uv-vis spectrum.
We all know that the sum of the absorbance, trnasmittance and reflectance is 1. But when we measured the absorption data of polymer thin film, the reflection data can't get properly. So can we calculate the transmision data from absorption data directly neglecting the reflection data?
And is that true the value of 1 (absorption) mean that 90 percent of absorption?
Could you all check my data that can be possible for absorption data of PDMS nanostructure thin film.
I will appreciate for all of your suggestion and advices?
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Unless your film absorbs strongly at long wavelengths, it seems that a significant fraction of your absorbance is either due to (a) a flawed baseline or (b) scattering. If you expect no absorption at 1200 nm, you can either set the absorbance at that wavelength to zero or more explicitly account for scattering by fitting a Rayleigh (C x Lambda^-4 + B) or Mie (C x Lambda^-n + B) scattering tail to your data.
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Is there a relationship between the change in zeolite morphology due to synthesis in the presence of a pre-synthesized COF?
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Please what you mean by COF
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The topic of my project is an immunosensor. For that, I dropped casted antibody with nanomaterial on the working electrode, then I kept the electrode at 4 c, but I had to keep that electrode at room temperature when I needed to take readings of CV, DPV, and EIS. So my question is, are antibodies stable at room temperature, then? What am I supposed to do if not? a similar question is also related to antigens. how long antibody and antigens stable at room temperature on the working electrode?
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Yes, antibodies and most antigens are quite stable at room temperature. After all, they are able to function inside your body. Stability problems are usually due to microbial contamination. Thus, while scientists commonly perform immunochemical assays at room temperature for a few hours, for overnight incubations you should use 4C or include an antimicrobial. Sodium azide is commonly used, inexpensive, rapidly effective, and highly toxic to practically everything. In my experience 0.02% NaN3 is sufficient to maintain sterility. However, it destroys horseradish peroxidase, so it is incompatible with immunoassays utilizing this reporter enzyme. For HRP assays substitute 0.02% thimerosal.
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Solvolysis
Agglumeration
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For such preparation are suitable method MOCVD, method of sol-gel technology, method based on magnetron sputtering of target, method of ion-beam sputtering of material in vacuum condition and thin film deposition, method of electron beam evaporation of components in vacuum, method of nanotechnology by using the chemical reactions for direct nanostructural material making and others.
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I have developed ZnO thin film in nano rod structure on glass substrate and have calculated the absorption coefficient (α) value from absorbance value. I also have plotted ln(α) vs. photon energy (hv) curve. Now I want to calculate Urbach energy from the curve but I donot know the calculation procedure. Please help me by providing calculation procedure. Here I attach the xls file.
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Hello research family...!
I am working on Nanostructured electrode materials for the applications of rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors for my research I need to learn simulation in COMSOL. I am interested in CV, GCD, and EIS plots in the electrochemistry module. Kindly help me to learn and suggest some videos/books/materials that help my research.
Thank you
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first....do setting of comsol on your computer, then you can follow many tutorials either directly in your comsol (application libraries)or through application gallery belongs to comsol
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I prepared nlcs of 5fu by hot homogenization method and tried to determine the entrapment efficiency by indirect method. But the nlc colloidal dispersion does not produce a supernatant on centrifugation. Whether this indicate the dispersion is stable? is there any other method to estimate entrapment efficiency? Can any one suggest on this ?
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The system is a nano structured metal chalcogenide
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Nanostructured
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Hello, dears,
Do you have any informations about fully funded scientific conferences on the advanced science of Medical Nano-materials?
I have very nice work on the above-mentioned topic, but as per my search on conference links, they ask for payment in order to register. I am a student and I can't able to offer the amount now.
On another side, I don't want to let money limit me from sharing my scientific finding with the entire science world.
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No
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Moreover, can we find the change in binding capacity or chemical activity of functional groups of an organic compound when it is transformed into a nanomaterial?
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Dear Maryam,
Thanks for your interesting question! Likely, the Tc chemistry has somewhat similarity to the Rhenate chemistry, due to the lanthanide contraction. However, there is a good report on the Internet:
All the best for your research,
Thomas
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pXRD measurements of my nanomaterial showed that the peak intensity (minor/no shifting) changed with change in pH. The nanomaterial was dispersed in water and the measurements were performed at pH 6, 8, 10 and 12 (the concentration was same). The measurement conditions were kept identical.
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Gerhard Martens A stable colloidal dispersion won't settle. If it does, then Stokes' Law tells you it's not 'nano' (< 100 nm by ASTM and ISO definitions). The usual problem is low counts. Without knowledge of the chemistry of the system then it's difficult to decide what's going. For example, low pH's will cause dissolution and higher pH's may cause hydroxide precipitation. Thus, the entire game changes and we're dealing with a new system.
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Hello,
I need a paper that explains the effect of nanostructuring on the improvement of semiconducting oxide gas sensors (such as zinc oxide) along with the reason. Can anyone help me?
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Mrs Fateme Moosavi
I hope these attachements will be helpful for you
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I want to simulate far field of EMW for some nanostructure. for that I need to put some command to simulate far field but I do not know how can I put. Please help me regarding this.
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Dear Ankit,
Use Beam command
B.R.
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spraying processes such as APS ,HVOF
Which one is the best for TBC and why ?
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I m trying to resuspend or disperse of protein base nanoflower for my further work.. but my particles were goes settled down by passage of time .. I also use 0.1% glycerol but it also not give me a fruitful result... I want to my nanomaterial remain suspended in solution...how i do ?
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Low power ultrasonics is highly effective at establishing and maintaining a suspension. A full ultrasonic cleaner may be more power than you want. And the dip sonicators may also be too much. We have a syringe plunger designed to dispense suspension where the plunger has an ultrasonic probe inside that operates on a low duty cycle at extremely low power, yet is highly effective at establishing nano suspensions and maintaining them even while pumping the material to a test application.
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Dear ResearchGate community,
I am currently working on the development of plasmonic nanostructures for high-sensibility biosensing. I have a project for fabricating nanostructured plasmonic nanoarrays (using metallic nanodisks or nanowires, Au or Ag) by interference laser lithography that ensures reproducible size and periodicity, but I have not studied the impact of different sizes (thickness and radius of the nanostructures) and periodicity (separation between them) conditions on the enhancement of the optical signal response (intensification of the electric field).
In this context, I think simulations would play a key role in assessing and defining the future optimal fabricating conditions for the mentioned nanoarrays. Thus, I am looking for a collaborator with experience in simulating the optical response of plasmonic nanostructures (in ANSYS or COMSOL). An example of the desired structure is shown in the attached figure. The idea is to collaborate in theoretical/experimental research, where I (main researcher) and other established researchers will carry out the experimental work.
Substantial collaboration will be rewarded with the respective co-authoring in any future paper that implies the direct or indirect use of the simulation results.
If you are interested, do not doubt in contacting me to the following e-mail "sroadaz8@gmail.com" to discuss more details about the systems properties and physical conditions.
Kind regards,
Dr. Simón Roa
Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología
Centro Atómico Bariloche
Argentina.
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Yes I can utilizes
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Hi everyone,
I am studying, theoretically, the effect of quantum and dielectric confinement on excitons inside hybrid perovskite nanostructures and I meet in some papers the notion "the effective mass of an exciton". So, I would like to know the difference between that notion and the exciton reduced mass and when we need to use the effective mass of an exciton in our calculations?
I would be thankful for your help
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Dear Jamal El-Hamouchi,
You may want to review info placed below:
What is the effective mass of electrons and reduced mass of exciton in Mercury Selenide (HgSe)?
_____
Big Chemical Encyclopedia:
_____
When is use of the 'effective mass' concept appropriate?
_____
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I have faced a problem while the cathodic electrodeposition method was employed to synthesize nanostructured hematite thin films onto the surface of FTO glass slides. The precursor solution was made up of 5.0 mM FeCl3, 5.0 mM NaF, 0.1 M KCl and 1.0 M H2O2. Electrodeposition synthesis was performed using a conventional three-electrode electrochemical cell containing platinum (Pt) rod, Ag/AgCl saturated by 3 M KCl, and FTO substrate as the counter, reference, and working electrodes, respectively. The nanostructured hematite thin films were tried to prepared by cyclic voltammetry process at a potential sweep rate of 0.1 V/s, from -0.5 V to 0 V for 100 cycles. As the most commonly used method, I tried this method several times. But it is not getting properly. I would like to know the purpose of using H2O2 in this method even with distilled water as a solvent.
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Dear Ardra S Darsan, H2O2 is an oxydant, in acidic medium it oxidiees Cl^- to Cl2, this means automatically the reduction of Fe(III).
H2O2+2FeCl3→2Fe(OH)Cl2+Cl2
For further details, you can contact the authors of the following attached paper. My Regards
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Some papers stated that they are using self templating method but they use so-called "self sacrificial template", which is quite confusing to me.
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Hi dear,
Can anyone help me or recommend me a good journal on interpretation the optical properties of nanomaterial?
Waiting for your reply
With regards
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Nanomaterials hydrophobic, preparation method
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Dear all, please have a look at the attached file and the references therein. My Regards
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I want to deposit silver nanoparticles on glass substrate by thermal evaporation technique.what values of the parameter (accostic impedence,density,thickness) i should take.
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Can anyone please provide density and accoustic impedance of CZTSe compound.
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Is it possible that morphology of 1D nanostructure is only visible in Transmission Electron Microscopy but not in Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy at higher magnification values of order 3,00,000? Can anyone give me an insight on this? Thanks in advance
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TEM resolution is better, so for really small particles (just a very few nanometers) TEM is better.
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How can dilute a solution containing a nanomaterial such as CdS to get 1uM? What is the procedure or protocol?
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Hi.
The test for determining the concentration of a solution is ICP-OES.
In this formula, V1 is representative of the volume of the dense solution, M1 is the molarity of the first solution, V2 is the volume of the diluted solution you want, and M2 is the molarity of the diluted solution that you want.
If the solvent is water and the amount of substance in it is too much low, you can assume that the density of the solution is almost equal to water.
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We have tried to fabricated nano and micro structures together by using MR-I-8000 resist. However, we havent obtained any good patterns. After that, when we extracted microstrucutes from our design, nearly good resolution patterns were fabricated. In that time, thermal resist was not seen in some of the substrate. Therefore, ı need to some suggestion about thermal and UV Nil.
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Thank you for your help:)
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How important you consider the thermal conductivity affects or contributes to the metal-working lubricants / cutting fluids?
What would be conventional fluids that could be attractive to reinforce with nanostructures to improve their performance?
Thanks
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Adding nanoparticles.
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For example, for a semiconductor material with a band gap of 1 eV, typically it can be activated to create a electron-hole by light with wavalength shortor than 1200 nm. So if the wavelength is too short, for example <300 nm, is it still suitable for activating the material?
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Dear Joe,
Of course yes!
Photons with energy higher than the energy gap can break bonds and ionize semiconductor atoms, in various scenarios, In addition to the direct photoionization scenarios, mentioned above, we'd other less probable processes, such as the excitation of inner core electrons
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Any good free software for simulating the optical response of plasmonic nanostructures?
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COMSOL is nowhere near free...
Anyway, if your structure is periodic, another free software you can use is S4, which relies on RCWA: https://web.stanford.edu/group/fan/S4/
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I wish to add nanomaterial into the clay and wish to gain some surprising change, which help me in the construction industry (i.e. civil engineering).
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Electro negative property of clay will govern if Any cationic nano material is added. But still u should have mentioned the type of nano materials.
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can nanomaterials react with NMP and because of that no interactions between polymer and nanomaterial?
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Dear Jayaprakash Deenadayalan, at least you should mention the polymer and the nanomaterials under investigation. For NMP, it is a particular solvent among all solvents, in developping special spacial arrengements that imparts and imposes order of structures. Please have a look at the following document. My Regards
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I have synthesized polymer membrane by phase inversion by adding nanomaterials to it , but the mechanical properties (tensile strength) decreased by further addition of nanomaterials.
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The addition of nanomaterials to polymer-based structures would result in strengthening if the nanomaterials serves as filler to the voids in the structure, or if they serve as crystallization site templates, promoting higher order.
However, there's only a certain amount of nanomaterial that you can add to strengthen a composite. Usually, if it is already in excess amount, instead of promoting strengthening, the nanomaterials would result in the disruption of crystallinity/order in the polymer, thereby weakening the material.
Likewise, the mixing compatibility of the materials as well as their colloidal stability in the chosen solvent should be also considered. Any slight aggregation in the nanomaterial may also result in drastic decrease in the composite's mechanical property. It is recommended to have the composite mixture homogenized first prior to membrane fabrication via phase inversion. you can homogenize through prolonged mixing, or much better if you can access a shear or conditioning mixer.
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After doping a InN nanostructure energy gap reduces and also in Ir spectrum molar extinction coefficient value decrease. What are reasons behind this?
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@Chian Heng Lee ,I have calculated dipole moment it's value also changes after doping.
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I would like to measure the hysteresis loop of magnetic nanochain along two directions. These chains were prepared by wet chemistry so they were in powder form and randomly-oriented. My question is how to prepare aligned samples for VSM measurements. Thanks!
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Hi, I think the dry condition could take place in a appropriate magnetic field which the powder's random orientation could turn into aligned by trapping the powder during curing/drying steps (i.e. powder could be used as additive). If we could bind the chains on a substrate then we could lower the degrees of freedom. The rest of the analysis is like other materials unless the structure get smaller which I could recommend:
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Why is the liquid containing the nanomaterial sometimes diluted when examining its absorption spectrum? Although a higher concentration contains many particles? Does it cause scattering or darkening or what
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