Nanoscience - Science topic

You may check the results for a major grant call and search for the awarded projects. For instance, the ERC Startup grant is probably the most prominent funding for a young scientist in Europe (max. 7 years after PhD). The selected PIs had an h-index usually between 12 and 20 for material sciences but only around 8 to 12 for chemical sciences.

There are already 2 large groups of nanotechnology experts making an extremely valuable contribution. That is in the 2 international standards bodies, ASTM E56 and ISO TC229. These bodies provide necessary standards to the nano community and anyone can participate. It’s particularly easy to do with ASTM as virtually everything can be handled remotely. Make a contribution by joining either or both of these organizations.

AI and IoT in nanoscience leverage advanced algorithms to enhance data analysis and control mechanisms at nanoscale levels, aiding in precise measurement and manipulation of nanomaterials. This synergy enables breakthroughs in quantum computing, nanoelectronics, and sensor technology, propelling innovations in physics, materials science, and beyond.

Dear Doctor

[Interaction:

The situation or occurrence in which two or more objects or events act upon one another to produce a new effect; the effect resulting from such a situation or occurrence.

Reaction:

An action or statement in response to a stimulus or other event.]

Hey there Miguel Pereira-Silva!

As an engineer and researcher, I can tell you Miguel Pereira-Silva that one often overlooked but crucial step in nanoparticle characterization is the detailed assessment of surface chemistry. While many studies focus on size, shape, and distribution, the surface chemistry plays a pivotal role in determining the interaction of nanoparticles with biological systems and their overall stability.

For instance, methods like X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) or Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) provide deep insights into the chemical composition and functional groups present on the nanoparticle surface. These details are vital because they influence properties such as biocompatibility, reactivity, and aggregation behavior in different environments.

Moreover, a thorough understanding of surface modifications can lead to better reproducibility of experimental results. Often, minor variations in surface chemistry can lead to significant differences in biological responses or catalytic activities, which are critical for applications in drug delivery, imaging, and catalysis.

An interesting article to read:

So, enhancing focus on surface chemistry characterization can vastly improve the quality and robustness of nanoparticle-related research. It’s an area that definitely deserves more attention to ensure comprehensive and reliable experimental outcomes.

Hope this gives you Miguel Pereira-Silva some valuable insight!

Cheers

José María Gonzalez Ruiz While not answering your question directly, you may not be aware that ASTM SubCommittee E56.07 on Education and Workforce Development part of ASTM E56 Nanotechnology has produced a range of standards:

E2996-20 Standard Guide for Workforce Education in Nanotechnology Health and Safety

E3001-20 Standard Practice for Workforce Education in Nanotechnology Characterization

E3034-20 Standard Guide for Workforce Education in Nanotechnology Pattern Generation

E3059-22 Standard Guide for Workforce Education in Nanotechnology Infrastructure

E3071-22 Standard Guide for Nanotechnology Workforce Education in Materials Synthesis and Processing

E3089-22 Standard Guide for Nanotechnology Workforce Education in Material Properties and Effects of Size

It may be useful to study these as they give a guide as to what should be taught in such courses. You could then compare content and see if what you're offered is in line with these ASTM standards written by key US educators in the field.

The surface charge of a cell can be measured using zeta potential measurements and electrophoresis. Zeta potential measurements are used to measure the cell membrane surface charge of fixed cells in solution. Surface charge density is used to describe the charge distribution on the surface

I am interested Ameer Athab Alameri

Bhuvaneswari Baskaran This isn't as easy a question as it may seem as the literature is confused. To look at this confusion then read a great summary from Gary Nichols:

However, it's generally understood that aggregate means a tightly (chemically) bound collection of particles that cannot be separated easily (e.g.by sonication). Agglomerate is a loose collection of particles (or aggregates) that can be separated by relatively weak shear forces including sonication. 'Cluster' was a term favored at one time by ISO to refer to any assemblage of particles without defining whether they're loose or tight.

For more basics take a look at this webinar (registration needed):

Dispersion and nanotechnology

Good luck with your research!

you welcome

Recent tech and human beneficial researches

Don't know

Yes I can utilizes

Thanks, @Alan. By 'time' mean I don't want a very fast or quick degradation process. For my experiment I want a slow degradation process of ethanol.

Dear Shalini,

that's a very interesting and important technical question. You can find a large body of relevant literature about the biological ("green") synthesis of a variety of nanoparticles right here on RG. Numerous interesting research papers about this topic have been posted by the authors on RG, many of them even as public full texts. Thus I strongly suggest that you search the "Publications" sections of RG for relevant references. Just search for terms like "green synthesis of nanoparticles" or "annealing of nanoparticles" and the click on "Publications". You will be surprised to see how many helpful papers are directly accessible through RG.

In general, annealing is not a necessary step after nanoparticle synthesis, but it is often employed to achieve well-defined particle size, crystallinity or physical properties.

Good luck with your work and best wishes, Frank Edelmann

Applied Nanoscience

References

Citation

Cite references in the text by name and year in parentheses. Some example: Negotiation research spans many disciplines (Thompson 1990).

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If available, please always include DOIs as full DOI links in your reference list (e.g. “https://doi.org/abc”).

Always use the standard abbreviation of a journal’s name according to the ISSN List of Title Word Abbreviations,

You may also take a look at options available for ADDA (another DDA code) since the shape formats are compatible. See https://github.com/adda-team/adda/wiki/FAQ#how-to-simulate-light-scattering-by-a-particle-which-shape-can-not-be-described-by-any-of-the-adda-predefined-shapes

Esteban Diaz-Torres Wow , great explanation.

Thank you my friend !, Yo soy de Monterrey,

Saludos !

Dear Naime,

I suggest that you read the following paper:

Please let me know if you are unable to download it.

Kind regards,

Bahram

inerestibg situation, very actually in modern time. answers will be useful to many researchers

Thank you so much for your kind information

First of all you should start its trials extensively at lab scale (Lab made culture), do its toxicity analysis, make a comprehensive study during its action, in-situ and ex-situ analysis, what kind of toxic substance it will produce during its action, kinetic studies etc.

Dear professor Mozafari

It is an interesting idea. Alveolar macrophages as the professional APCs (antigen presenting cells) will be an appropriate target. Nevertheless, the choice of vaccine type as well as optimization of excipients for a successful pulmonary delivery will be challenging. In addition, cytokines secretion induced by the inhaled drugs should be meticulously monitored in the preclinical studies.

Hi hari,

You may make an inquiry at Alfa Chemistry, they offer kinds of chemicals for research use.

Naeimeh Hassanzadeh Goji Anytime. I did not also find the hydrate structure. Maybe it hasn't been reported, yet. You can give it a trial. Good Luck!

It is not absolutely necessary. But, I would recommend using it in cleanroom as the structures are small and dust affects them. Also it's largely advantageous for machine health.

thanks

Thanks for your message Priya Dharshana.

I am looking for a sample not for a template.

Hi,

I agree with Xuhua Wang . If you want to fab completely in-house with least amount of instruments and cost, you can simply use manually made linear cuts on copper clads/OHP transparency using scalpel blade with whatever geometry you desire and go through soft litho using pdms on them. Feel of the pdms film and you will get the required stamp. With this approach i was able to get structures in the range from sub micron to tens of mm. This technique needs a watch maker's hand and lots of tinkering with the available materials!!!

Regards

You can achieve the result if you use ion-plasma sputtering.

Please see the link below.

The natural Al2O3 grown on Al is irregular and weak. Its thickness is a few microns (not like Al2O3 grown by electro-chemical process which gives a regular width of 3000-5000 angstroms). The layer is time, humidity and temperature dependent. it grows quickly on the surface within few hours.

David W Chester

You can experiment with an aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol instead of water to obtain vesicles. With an increase in the alcohol content in water to 0.1 mole fraction, the hydrophobic interaction is enhanced. The addition of urea weakens the hydrophobic interaction.

We need more information for above question

thanks very much

Reminds me of: 'In theory, theory and practice agree. In practice they do not'

I would always believe one well-conducted experiment over one paper with more Greek letters than an Athens post-office.....

M-O bond in FTIR below 600 cm^-1

No.

Being somebody on the sideline, reading every once in a while about graphen research, feel as if I read about a similar history as I have experienced. I am active in conductive polymers since the early days of polyacetylene, and I have successfully developed a conductive polymer and technologies based on it which are successful in the market, and during all this time, I had lots of discussions in this research field, cf

As with graphene, conductive polymers had been declared to be "miracle materials" well before anybody had even scratched the surface of understanding these materials, not to talk about a real deep understanding of their chemistry, physics and technology.

Conductive polymers had been declared to be able to do anything you can name, light-weight batteries for cars, polymer LEDs for flat-screen TVs, actuators for robots, sensors for any task you could imagine ...

What has finally emerged as quite small and not too exciting application are transparent antistatic coating (Bayer's PEDOT based on a license granted by me) and my own technologies

- final finishing of printed circuit boards

(competitor's process not based on the Organic Metal Polyaniline)

- and corrosion protection

none of which had been predicted by anybody (including myself), and if so: it would not have excited anybody because "corrosion protection" or "printed circuit boards" (PCB) are not considered being "high-tech" (in spite of that PCBs are part of the core of any high-tech device).

My feeling is that graphene is also on the downhill part of the "hype curve", and I would not be surprised if such applications would finally arise which nobody has ever predicted.

From 250 to 350 nm

Subha Kandiyar we are washing in order to remove the un-reacted moieties and the loosely bound capping agent. So that the surface of our nano are free for activities

thank you so much

Black colored metal oxides have the capability to absorb the complete visible and near infra-red light that leads to its efficient application in photocatalysis. Frequently used methods to prepare black TiO2 involve oxidation of low valence Ti compounds, low/high pressure reduction of TiO2 and many more. Black colored metal oxide by hydrogenation offers a cost effective method to improve the visible light activity.

Hi Saqid,

You can learn more information about nanomaterials here. I hope it can help you.

Hi Paula,

It works well with low concentration (0.1 - 0.2wt%), so would be 0.1g of CNF need 100 or 50 ml of water.

For bacterial cellulose, once it is formed a membrance, it is hard to disperse even at low concentration.

I have the same problem, and what‘s worse, the voltage signal I want to detect is generated by alternating electromagnetic field. Do you have any idea. Thank you!

For people who are still interested in this question:

Simply speaking, you can type 1.106 for a rectangular cantilever and 1.144 for a V-shaped cantilever in deflection sensitivity correction although the default value of your Bruker Nanoscope software might be different from these values. For your reference, you can find the answer of Ben Ohler (the author of the application note that Krishnashish mentioned) at the following website:

http://nanoscaleworld.bruker-axs.com/nanoscaleworld/forums/p/540/1082.aspx 

Hi,

Very interesting subject. Please have a look at this 2017 publication:

Osteotropic Nanoscale Drug Delivery System via a Single Aspartic ...

by EJ Carbone - ‎2017

---

and 2016 patent:

Bone and metal targeted polymeric nanoparticles (US20150125391 ...

Jul 25, 2016

When You will get any informations about working service of that holders please let me know. 

Welcome

Hello,

There is an interesting publication about Doped TiO₂. Maybe it helps you because it depends on what are you exactly looking for. 

Hello,

High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction with triple-axis geometry can be used to determine faults of crystalline materials . In order to determine dislocation density you will need three rocking curves of single reflections, calculated amplitude of Burgers vector, mosaicity (screw) dislocation angle and peak shape parameters (FWHM, Lorentzian and Gaussian contributions). I applied this technique to thin films but I think you would also find it suitable for your samples.

In the following paper calculations for GaN epitaxial thin films have been described

This paper contains all necessary equations with exhaustive comments. I think they will help you to adapt the methodology to your own samples.

Whit Regards,

Aidin

Ethanol

yea one thing is molecular size as discussed by Cornelia , and i think is nitrogen gas can not be used with samples due to reactivity helium is a inactive gas so we can use it with any samples. 

thank you veryfor your supporting but in this case it looks different from your side.

Anyway thank you so much and wish you the best!

Yes, if the z-average size is 10nm it can safely be concluded that your sample is in the nano range. There are different ways to analyze dynamic light scattering data, and the z-average is the easiest overall average size.

However please note, that one has to be careful with the reversal of the statement: If the z-average is larger than 100nm that does not mean that there are no nanoparticles present. For example if the z-average was 600nm it could still be 'covering up' a peak at 50nm which may or may not show in the distribution analysis. In addition, the hydrodynamic size falls between the smallest and the largest dimension of a non-spherical object: a rod-like particle with a dimension of 10nm x 10nm x 900nm may show a z-average above 100nm, yet the particles have at least one dimension in the nano range.

Different preparation methods would give you quantum dots of different sizes.

As the quantum dot size increases, the energy gap between the levels decreases, leading to bathochromic shift or red shift (quantum confinement).

Greater the size of the quantum dot, greater is the shift of the lambda max towards the red edge.

thank you so much both Neha Desai and Bilal Taher

The simpler part of your question was not in black and white! The pi-pi interaction alone is not sufficient to lead to self fiber formation of the structure!

Hii,

In our university, One of the groups especially working on QDs.

Please follow the following links. I  sure that, you will get benefit from them.

-Best Luck.

VASP is a commercial code and Quantum-Espresso (QE) is an open source code.

Both have their own issues:

1. VASP is faster than QE.

2. QE has a very good mailing support.

3. Being free (under GNU license), QE is accessible to everybody.

4. For calculations of vibrational properties, QE contains implementations of DFPT (Density Functional Perturbations Theory), whereas VASP uses another third party software.

5. There are well-tested pseudpotentions (PP) for VASP, whereas you have to choose proper PP for QE as there are many for the same element.

We don´t use it.

Dear Ana,

As you wrote Yucheng Peng et al. in their publication entitled " Drying cellulose nanofibrils: in search of a suitable method" have introduced in the introduction the description of CNFs by others: Gardner et al. (2008) stated that In most cases, CNFs are processed as aqueous suspensions because of their hydrophilic nature and propensity to agglomerate during drying.  Hiemenz and Rajagopalan (1997) and Lindstrom et al. (2005) stated  for dispersion forces (Van der Waals) to occur, the distances among nanofibrils need to be closer than the distances for hydrogen bonds.

To my understanding the correct term should be suspension (coarse dispersion), since upon drying you get a dry suspension which can be by reconstituted to wet suspension upon the addition of water.

For more on these two terms, please see the text below:

A dispersion is a system in which particles are dispersed in a continuous phase of a different composition (or state). See also emulsion. A dispersion is classified in a number of different ways, including how large the particles are in relation to the particles of the continuous phase, whether or not precipitation occurs, and the presence of Brownian motion.

In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture containing solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation. Usually they must be larger than one micrometer. It is when particles are left floating around freely in a solvent. The internal phase (solid) is dispersed throughout the external phase (fluid) through mechanical agitation, with the use of certain excipients or suspending agents. Unlike colloids, suspensions will eventually settle. An example of a suspension would be sand in water. The suspended particles are visible under a microscope and will settle over time if left undisturbed. This distinguishes a suspension from a [colloid] in which the suspended particles are smaller and do not settle.[2] Colloids and suspensions are different from solutions, in which the dissolved substance (solute) does not exist as a solid, and solvent and solute are homogeneously mixed.

A suspension of liquid droplets or fine solid particles in a gas is called an aerosol or particulate. In the atmosphere these consist of fine dust and soot particles, sea salt, biogenicand volcanogenic sulfates, nitrates, and cloud droplets.

Suspensions are classified on the basis of the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium, where the former is essentially solid while the latter may either be a solid, a liquid, or a gas.

Chemistry: Matter and Its Changes, 4th Ed. by Brady, Senese, ISBN 0-471-21517-1

The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed.

Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology; Nalwa, H.S., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, NY, USA, 2000; Volume 5, pp. 501-575

Hoping this will be helpful,

Rafik

Thanks a lot Tomer. I even found out I could use AAS to measure the free silver in supernatant and i could just subtract from total concentration added initially. I can use your method as a confirmatory method too.

Thank you very much. I am convinced.

Dear Inderjeet Singh

Good day

I forgot to tell you that I could overcome a similar situation. I found the (d) values increased but the crystallite size decreased. The attached paper treat this concerning issue. It may help you.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277004252_Microstructure_and_crystal_imperfections_of_nanosized_CdS_x_Se_1-x_thermally_evaporated_thin_films 

To get finer and uniforming distribution of second phase nano particles in the matrix. improvement in properties as well as to attain isotropic condition.

Check this explanations out 

and 

These papers claim it is the nature of the spherical bessel functions and henkel functions in the expression for the scattering cross sections  . Hope this helps.

In principle you can use the Tauc equation in the same way to estimate the onset of the absorption via the Tauc method. The only requirements would be that your solvent is transparent in the wavelength regime of interest. However be very careful how to interpret the Tauc data in thin films, as interference structures will dominate the transparent regime. In this case always perform T and R measurements and use T+R in the Tauc equation. For nanoparticle suspensions you also have to do Transmission measurements with an integrating sphere as otherwise you will interprete scattering as "absorption" which will lead to wrong "band gaps". always keep in mind that the Tauc plot gives you the onset of light loss in a transmission measurement. This is only equivalent to the bandgap in very specific cases (e.g. amorphous material as outlined in the original Tauc paper). The second issue with suspensions is that the dynamic range of the spectrophotometer will determine if you can pick up weak absorptions in small NP concentrations, so one should add concentration dependent studies to determine if the structure you see is that of the fundamental absorption or higher transitions.

You should strictly disperse them under conditions expected for further use, e.g. it does not make sense to disperse them in a special solvent if its application is in water buffered to a fixed pH value and defined electrolyte content.

As stated above, the only way to obtain a dry GQDs sample is to freeze dry it. GQDs' high solubility in water makes it difficult to dry normally.

1. Use TEM to estimate the NS dimensions

2. Estimate/find the density of the material to give you mass per nanosheet.

3. Provided that the solution is pure (only nanosheets and water), dry a known volume of the dispersion extensively and weight.

4. Divide the total mass by the mass of a single nanosheet.

NB. If there is a organic capping agent, you will need to use TGA to estimate the mass fraction of this component.

Along with all previous answers... consider correction factor every time if your are doing replenishment of your disso medium.

All drug may not be entrapped in carrier system during NP preparation hence its mandatory to find how much drug exactly incorporated in NP against total amount of drug added by you in preparation.

Hi,

I would suggest:

- single-atom catalysis for CO2 reduction/hydrogenation

- single-atom catalysis for methane activation

or

- single-atom catalysis for lignin valorisation

Regards,

Blaž

for instance I think  you can see this article.

Depending on the targets of measurements