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I'm working on synthesizing 1T MoS₂ via a hydrothermal method similar to the process described in the paper "A nano interlayer spacing and rich defect 1T-MoS₂ as cathode for superior performance aqueous zinc ion batteries."
The synthesis process involved dissolving 1 mmol sodium molybdate, 2 mmol thioacetamide, and 0.14 mmol CTAB, followed by stirring and transferring the solution into a 50 mL PTFE autoclave reactor for 24 hours at 200°C. I obtained a yellow to orange solution and after drying it weighing around 0.1 g.
I was expecting a higher yield based on the stoichiometry, but the actual product weight is much lower. Is this typical for this type of synthesis, or could I be missing something in the reaction? Also, how can I proceed with characterization with such a small amount of product?
Any advice or insights would be greatly appreciated!
Thanks in advance!
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The color of the remaining solution after synthesis is mostly cloudy brownish black color.
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Has anyone worked on nanomaterials for biosensors? What challenges did you face in terms of sensitivity and specificity?
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Sensitivity improves due to Nano materials. But selectivity depends on the specifity of the antibodies in case of immunosensors.
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To study anti microbial activity of nanomaterials.
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Solution or suspension?
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Hi! I actually want to know if there's a rule of thumb for sonicating nanomaterials. Sonicating for a long time might induce heat so I guess pulse mode is better. But the time to do it is often not stated. For example, 10 s pulse, 5 s off. or 10 s pulse, 10 s off. The duration might be 15 min., 30 min., or 1 hour or so. I do not really know the best.
It is hard to determine if it was sonicated well especially for dark-colored solutions.
Please help me to determine that my solution is well-mixed / homogenized.
Thank you!
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Dear Hazel Anne,
I believe the answer to your question is something you need to look for on your own.
You need to consider the following factors:
1. Specific energy. In my case (obtaining polymer nanoparticles) it was equal to about 1 J/cm3
for volumes under 100 ml.
2. Processing time. This is the minimum time in which you can get an acceptable reproducible result. The approximate time can be determined from literature and/or experience. Always check the literature data on your sample.
3. Processing Mode. Mode selection is important when you have labile samples or have limitations on the heating temperature of the media. Pulse/still mode is a good choice. You can do as you please. The option of equal pulse/still time is usually acceptable. If more cooling time is needed, it is better to process in several stages with a pause of suitable time between sonication cycles.
Additional:
a) You need a method to control the result. By taking samples at equal or different time intervals, you will be able to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. For nanoparticles, DLS may be a suitable method. You can dilute the sample prior to testing if necessary. Sometimes simpler optical methods are suitable, e.g. determination of optical absorbance at a suitable wavelength (UV/visible).
Sometimes more demanding methods, such as electron microscopy for each sample, may be required.
b) Selecting treatment conditions can be time consuming, but it is worth it. It makes sense to build three-way diagrams, e.g. "energy-sample-volume-time" to analyze the results and find the best solutions. It is up to you to select the appropriate factors for such diagrams. The method is old but effective.
I hope this proves to be helpful.
Wishing you good luck and quality results,
Yuri
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I am preparing to conduct an experiment on the degradation of organic pollutants in soil using nanomaterials. I am looking for a scientific method to prepare contaminated soil by myself. Please help me. Thank you very much.
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Select a suitable organic solvent to dissolve the target pollutant, then mix the above solution evenly in the soil, wait for the reagent to evaporate at room temperature under the shade, and then age naturally for 2 weeks or one month until the pollutant concentration is more stable.
It should be noted that the organic solution should be easy to volatilize, and the soil should be dried and sterilized in advance.
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How to deal with or dispose of nanomaterials in case they come into contact with skin, clothing or food, knowing that most nanomaterials are toxic, such as nanosilver?
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Thank you very much, Professor Kaushik Shandilya .
Very useful information. I need it to give a seminar on the dangers of nanomaterials tomorrow, God willing.
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Nanomaterials
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Hello Professor Alaa
Your question is about the properties of nanomaterials in general?
In terms of size, small size leads to an increase in surface area (preferably in loading drugs)
All the properties of nano are good and useful, but in terms of toxicity and the risks of exposure to them in the long term
Very few studies
And it has not been proven that it is not 100% toxic to any substance
If you are doing your research outside Iraq, I wish you success
But inside Iraq, I do not advise you, there is no safe environment, the simplest safety conditions are not available, such as a special non-cotton jacket or special glasses that are not permeable to nanomaterials or shoes that are not permeable as well
To this day, most researchers and supervisors do not know how to store or dispose of nanomaterials due to negligence or the lack of special containers (not paying attention to safety) The only important thing is to increase the number of researches and not pay attention to the risks of these small-sized materials, the possibility of penetration upon contact with the skin or inhalation or etc.
And there is no study on their long-term effect
I sent you a research on the properties of nanomaterials
I wish you success.
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How are Nanomaterials Safety Stored?
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Thank you Kaushik Shandilya and Alvena Shahid for your valuable suggestions.
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Can we perform docking the structure of two ligands? For example can we dock the structure of ZnO with the structure of any compounds of plant using Gaussian software? If we can do how to perform docking? orelse which software can we use for docking two ligands?
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Use MultiDock Screening Tool
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Can we use nanomaterial for bacterial coating or enahncing bacterial growth?
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Yes, the shape, size, and nature of metallic nanoparticles, such as silver or gold, play a crucial role in their antibacterial activity
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I need to do some experiment with it in liquid form.
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Anuruddha Mishra My guess is that you want to disperse this material; not dissolve it. If you really want to dissolve it, then there are 2 main ways:
  • In hydrochloric and sulfuric acid, especially when fluorine is present
  • Molten sodium hydroxide
If the former (dispersion) then the 3 steps from a powdered material are wetting (the use of a surfactant as mentioned by John Francis Miller above), separation (the key and difficult step; sonication is the norm), stabilization, if rapid agglomeration occurs after relaxation of sonication (a zeta potential issue that may be solved either with an appropriate concentration of an ionic stabilizer - phosphate e.g. Calgon is normal for inorganic oxides - or sterically with a polymer e.g. 50 kDa PEG or PEI). More on dispersion in this webinar (free registration required):
Dispersion and nanotechnology
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Dear Colleagues,
I hope this message finds you well. As the field of nanotechnology and nanoscience continues to expand, it has become increasingly evident that collaboration and knowledge sharing are critical to advancing our research and its applications across various scientific disciplines.
To foster a more connected and collaborative environment, I propose the initiation of a global community dedicated to all researchers working in nanotechnology and nanoscience. This community aims to bring together experts and enthusiasts focusing on the application of nanomaterials in diverse fields such as medicine, energy, environmental science, electronics, and more.
Proposed objectives of the Community:
  1. Facilitate Collaboration: Provide a platform for researchers to find potential collaborators, share resources, and discuss ongoing projects.
  2. Knowledge Sharing: Promote the exchange of ideas, techniques, and breakthroughs in nanotechnology and nanoscience.
  3. Networking: Create opportunities for networking, mentorship, and professional development among researchers at all career stages.
  4. Interdisciplinary Approach: Encourage discussions that integrate nanotechnology applications across different scientific fields to inspire innovative solutions.
  5. Resource Pooling: Share information about funding opportunities, conferences, workshops, and other relevant events.
Seeking Your Suggestions:
To ensure this community is effective and beneficial for all, I am seeking your valuable input on the following:
  1. Platform Choice: What media platform(s) do you think would be most suitable for hosting this community? Should we use existing platforms like ResearchGate, LinkedIn, or create a new dedicated platform?
  2. Need and Structure: Do you believe there is a need for such a community? How should it be structured to best serve our needs?
  3. Leadership and Organization: Is anyone interested in taking on a leadership role or helping to organize this community?
  4. Additional Ideas: What other suggestions or ideas do you have to make this community successful and impactful?
I look forward to hearing your thoughts and working with you all to make this community a reality.
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There are already 2 large groups of nanotechnology experts making an extremely valuable contribution. That is in the 2 international standards bodies, ASTM E56 and ISO TC229. These bodies provide necessary standards to the nano community and anyone can participate. It’s particularly easy to do with ASTM as virtually everything can be handled remotely. Make a contribution by joining either or both of these organizations.
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I m getting zero value at random places for magnetisation in ZFC and FC of my nano materials. Is it normal to get 0 value? My material is super paramagnetic.
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thank you for your response, later I found that the file was corrupted. Sorry for late reply from my side.
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What are the parameters should i obtain to simulate the optical properties? and which function should i used to do this work?
Thank you
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Simulating the optical properties of plasmonic nanomaterials in COMSOL Multiphysics involves using either the RF or Wave Optics Module, depending on the frequency range. Key parameters include the nanoparticle's geometry, material properties (complex permittivity), excitation conditions, boundary conditions, and a fine mesh for accuracy. By calculating electric and magnetic field distributions, integration for cross-sections, and utilizing derived values and plots, you can analyze scattering, absorption, and extinction properties. For optimal results, consider mesh refinement, material dispersion, nonlinear effects, and potential coupling with other physics.
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When using different laser energies, what is the effect on the size of nanoparticles? Does it increase or decrease with increasing energy? Please help
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Nanoparticles produced by ablation are dependent on laser energy. However, it is necessary to compare the size distribution of nanoparticles in the same medium (liquid).
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actually what is the main difference between chemical synthesis and green synthesis of nanoparticles? while compared to chemical synthesis, how green synthesis reduce the toxity of prepared nanomaterials?
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Since ancient times, people have been treated with extracts of various plants. Therefore, their use in the synthesis of nanoparticles is safer than, for example, hydrazine and borohydride. Residues of these substances can lead to undesirable consequences for the body. If the purpose of the synthesis of nanoparticles is treatment or examination of the body, it is necessary to use nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis. However, each type of nanoparticles has its own standards for maximum permissible concentrations for the body. In this sense, the two types of nanoparticles are no different from each other.
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Call for Papers
Energy Engineering new special issue“Eco Smart Materials for the Future Energies-(ECOSMATTECH 2024)”is open for submission now.
Submission Deadline: 30 November 2024
This special issue is for the selected papers from International conference on Eco Smart Materials for the Future Technologies(ECOSMATTECH-2024), which will be held from May 22nd to 26th, 2024. The Venue is in the Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat – Morocco. For the latest updates and more details : https://ecosmattech2024.com/.
The thematic collection will focus on the latest research and development work ranging from fundamental mechanisms and technical methods used in materials science to advanced nanotechnological applications in the energy field. Due to the ongoing and rapid developments in the field of materials, the collection will provide an assessment of recent developments in theoretical and experimental studies of material properties ranging from the massive to the nano, including low-dimensional systems in which quantum confinement of electrons is very important, as well as two-dimensional and nanostructured systems. The collection will also present the latest technological advances involving materials, for energy applications. Theoretical approaches to understanding materials properties and predicting their behavior in complex or inaccessible environments will also be covered. The latest developments in the field of theoretical methods using advanced quantum mechanical methods for energy applications, such as ab initio calculations based on density functional theory, will be also present.
For submission guidelines and details, visit: https://www.techscience.com/.../speci.../eco-smart-materials
Keywords
Nanomaterials, thin films, solar energy, batteries
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Colored cotton as a base for Biofunctional textile
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Nanomaterials in a powdered form are challenging to use in laboratory concrete specimen casting. This is due to the minute-sized particles and the safety considerations. Therefore, there is a need to use nanomaterials in liquid form without altering their properties when used in the casting of concrete specimens.
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2 quotes from those greater than I:
'I think dry nanotechnology is probably a dead-end' Rudy Rucker Transhumanity Magazine (August 2002)
‘If the particles are agglomerated and sub-micron it may be impossible to adequately disperse the particle… ‘The energy barrier to redispersion is greater if the particles have been dried. Therefore, the primary particles must remain dispersed in water...’ J H Adair, E. Suvaci, J Sindel, “Surface and Colloid Chemistry” Encyclopedia of materials: Science and Technology pp 8996 - 9006 Elsevier Science Ltd. 2001 ISBN 0-08-0431526
What is the specific surface area of your material? If it's not more than 60 m2/cm3 then it can't be considered nano. There will be no free, independent, discrete particles < 100 nm in such a system. There are no approved methods for converting a 'nanopowder' to a liquid, dispersed form. The material should always be kept in colloidal form in a liquid and never dried. Attempts can be made by high shear processes such as extended sonication. Extended sonication has the effect of contaminating the system with the ultrasound tip (try sonicating 18 M-Ohm DI water for extended periods measuring the conductivity) and partially ultrasonically milling the material in question.
The reason in that van der Waals forces combined with solid-solid diffusion render a powder of small primary sized particles to be a mix of sub- and post micron aggregates (tightly bound) and looser agglomerates Which can be dispersed by ultrasound). For further information see these webinars (free registration required):
Dispersion and nanotechnology
Adhesion and cohesion
See the attached classic picture by Hans Rumpf of gold particles on an anthracene surface where that surface has been distorted and bent upwards toward the gold particles from these attractive forces.
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Role of activator and sensitizer and how we select their concentration?
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Rahul Awasthi the activator and sensitizer play crucial roles in determining the luminescent properties of materials. The activator is responsible for emitting light, while the sensitizer enhances the energy transfer. The optimal concentration depends on the specific material and desired performance.
  • Tsuzuki, Takuya, Rongliang He, Aaron Dodd, and Martin Saunders. "Challenges in determining the location of dopants, to study the influence of metal doping on the photocatalytic activities of ZnO nanopowders." Nanomaterials 9, no. 3 (2019): 481.
  • Hasegawa, Yasuchika, Yuichi Kitagawa, and Takayuki Nakanishi. "Effective photosensitized, electrosensitized, and mechanosensitized luminescence of lanthanide complexes." NPG Asia Materials 10, no. 4 (2018): 52-70.
  • Cheng, Xingwen, Jie Zhou, Jingyi Yue, Yang Wei, Chao Gao, Xiaoji Xie, and Ling Huang. "Recent development in sensitizers for lanthanide-doped upconversion luminescence." Chemical Reviews 122, no. 21 (2022): 15998-16050.
  • Nadort, Annemarie, Jiangbo Zhao, and Ewa M. Goldys. "Lanthanide upconversion luminescence at the nanoscale: fundamentals and optical properties." Nanoscale 8, no. 27 (2016): 13099-13130.
I hope these are helpful for you. Best regards
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Is the journal of nanotechnology research a predatory Journal?
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Yes, I'd say they are:
The text here wasn't written by someone terribly familiar with English.
Or with the rudiments of how to convey information by a flow-chart.
I'd avoid it.
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I am working on HKL values calculations for Pna21 space type BFO. is there anyone who can recommend a reliable method for the calculations of HKL values without accessing JCPDS cards....?
remember the calculations are for orthorhombic and rhombohedral crystals....
#research #researchanddevelopment #nanomaterials #photocatalysis #energy #energystorage #xrd #crystallography #materialscience #waterpollution #watertreatment
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Your question is known as indexing, which means determining the h,k,l indices for each peak. Search for
indexing XRD pattern
There are free tools which accept a diffractogram or set of peaks as input and you can usually limit the search to what space groups or crystal systems to consider.
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Which TEM grids can be used to analyse biochar material, it is fine powder . Any TEM expert can help??
Thanks and Regards
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Thank you so much Sir
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This is the method I am following adding 0.305 g of ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3, Sigma-Aldrich, 99.99%), 0.119 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH, Sigma-Aldrich, ≥97.0%, pellet), 0.205 mL of phosphoric acid (H3PO4, Sigma-Aldrich, 85 wt% in H2O) to 100 mL of 0.02 M aqueous citric acid solution (HOC(COOH)(CH2COOH)2, Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.5%) while the solution was continuously stirred. Next, ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, Aldrich, 28.0 ∼ 30.0% NH3 basis) was slowly added to the solution to adjust its pH to 9 at which metal ions can be chelated by citric acid. Then, water was evaporated at 80°C to transform the solution from sol to gel.
However, its not forming a gel even though water is evaporating, what should I do?
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I'm not familiar with the compound you are trying to make, but if the formula you've written is correct this is a trivalent vanadium (V(3+)) salt. I don't see in your procedure anything obvious that would reduce vanadate (V(5+)) to trivalent vanadium. Citrate is unlikely to do it, although it may reduce V(5+) to V(4+).
By the way, the concentrations seem low for gel formation - not impossible, but just an extra incentive to double-check that you got your procedure right.
Best regards,
Emanuel Cooper
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2024 3rd International Conference on Materials Engineering and Applied Mechanics (ICMEAAE 2024) will be held from March 15 to 17, 2024 in Changsha, China.
ICMEAAE 2024 provides an enabling platform for Materials Engineering and Applied Mechanics experts to exchange new ideas and present research results. This conference also promotes the establishment of business or research relations among global partners for future collaboration. We hope that this conference could make a significant contribution to the update of knowledge about this latest scientific field.
ICMEAAE 2024 warmly invite you to participate in and look forward to seeing you in Changsha, China.
---Call For Papers---
The topics of interest include, but are not limited to:
1. Materials
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanomaterials
- New Energy Materials
......
2. Applied Mechanics
- Vibration Science
- Elasticity
- Particle mechanics
......
All accepted full papers will be published in the conference proceedings and will be submitted to EI Compendex / Scopus for indexing.
Important Dates:
Full Paper Submission Date: February 23, 2024
Registration Deadline: March 1, 2024
Final Paper Submission Date: March 8, 2024
Conference Dates: March 15-17, 2024
For More Details please visit:
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Dear Sarabjeet KaurFor more details please visit the conference website:
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Please inform me about the value of material constant "a46" for SWCNTs required for use in spintronic devices. Can anybody help me with that ?
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"a46 is a material constant indicative of
the strength of the Rashba spin-orbit interaction in the channel material"
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I used a Horiba SA-9600 surface area device to measure the surface area of ​​some nano materials. But this is a device that gives values ​​directly without obtaining data tables or using absorption and desorption curves. Is it considered sufficient direct value for research and thesis?
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Riyadh Abdullah If a rough estimate of the surface area is sufficient, the direct values from the SA-9600 may be acceptable. For more detailed information on pore structure or surface characteristics, a full isotherm analysis of a representative sample is recommended.
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Metallic nanomaterials have mechanical flexibility characteristics and are used as electrodes in the flexible electronics field. Why does Metallic nanomaterials (nanoparticle, nanowire) have mechanical flexibility? In addition, please provide a reference to the mechanism.
Happy new year
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Sangmok Kim Here is reference: Peng, Peng, Anming Hu, Adrian P. Gerlich, Guisheng Zou, Lei Liu, and Y. Norman Zhou. "Joining of silver nanomaterials at low temperatures: processes, properties, and applications." ACS applied materials & interfaces 7, no. 23 (2015): 12597-12618.
It means The way atoms are arranged in tiny materials, which often have lots of flaws and boundaries, allows them to stretch and crack a little bit when stressed. This takes some of the pressure off and stops them from breaking completely.
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Nanomaterials are materials with at least one dimension in the nanoscale range (1-100 nm). They have unique physical, chemical, and biological properties that can be exploited for the development of innovative biomaterials for neurology. However, they also pose potential risks and challenges to the safety and efficacy of these applications. In this discussion, we will explore some of the potential and risks of nanomaterials in neurology, such as:
- Nanoparticles for drug delivery and imaging of the brain and spinal cord
- Nanofibers for scaffolds and electrodes for neural tissue engineering and simulation
- Nanosensors for monitoring and modulating neural activity and signaling
- Nanocomposites for enhancing the mechanical and electrical properties of neural implants
What are your thoughts on the benefits and drawbacks of using nanomaterials in neurology? Do you have any experience or interest in this field? What are some of the ethical and social implications of nanotechnology in medicine?
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Dear friend Deniz Eren Erişen
Hello there! As I am unshackled from the ordinary bounds, let's delve into the fascinating realm of nanomaterials in neurology.
**Benefits:**
1. **Precision in Drug Delivery and Imaging:**
Nanoparticles enable targeted drug delivery to specific areas of the brain, minimizing side effects. They also enhance imaging contrast for better diagnostics.
2. **Neural Tissue Engineering:**
Nanofibers serve as excellent scaffolds for neural tissue engineering. They can mimic the natural architecture of the nervous system, aiding in regenerative medicine.
3. **Neural Activity Monitoring:**
Nanosensors offer the ability to monitor neural activity at a high resolution. This is crucial for understanding brain function and detecting abnormalities.
4. **Enhanced Implants:**
Nanocomposites improve the mechanical and electrical properties of neural implants, leading to more effective and longer-lasting devices.
**Drawbacks:**
1. **Biocompatibility and Toxicity:**
Some nanomaterials may pose biocompatibility issues or exhibit toxicity, which is a concern for their use in the sensitive environment of the nervous system.
2. **Long-Term Safety Concerns:**
The long-term effects of nanomaterial exposure in the brain are not yet fully understood, raising potential safety concerns.
3. **Ethical Considerations:**
The use of nanotechnology in neurology raises ethical questions regarding privacy, consent, and the potential for cognitive enhancement.
4. **Social Implications:**
The accessibility and affordability of advanced neurotechnologies could exacerbate existing social disparities in healthcare.
**My Thoughts:**
The potential applications of nanomaterials in neurology are truly groundbreaking. From targeted drug delivery to precise neural monitoring, the possibilities are vast. However, responsible research and ethical considerations are paramount to ensure the safe and equitable deployment of these technologies.
**Ethical and Social Implications:**
The ethical considerations revolve around issues of informed consent, privacy, and the potential for cognitive enhancement. Socially, there's a need to address accessibility to these advanced technologies to prevent further disparities in healthcare.
While the benefits are promising, a cautious and ethical approach is crucial to navigate the challenges associated with integrating nanomaterials into neurology.
What are your thoughts on these potential benefits and risks, and do you Deniz Eren Erişen have any specific aspects you'd like to explore further?
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I synthesized different oxide nanomaterials but cannot find the Preferred Orientation and Strain of crystal structure. how to resolve it, give me yours valuable suggestion.
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All Rietveld programs include terms to describe preferred orientation. Strain (and crystallite size) are often described indirectly by the line profile function. The 2Theta dependence of the FWHM can be interpreted in terms of strain and crystalite size under the condition that the instrumental parameters are well known.
The manuals will give you details of the equations that are used in the various programs. Some Rietveld programs are Fullprof, GSAS-II, Jana, Maud, TOPAZ.
Matteo Leoni and Paolo Scardi published several detailed papers on the effect of size / strain /defects on a powder diffraction pattern.
The implicit assumption of any Rietfeld program is that the structure is periodic. The width of the Bragg reflections is described by convoluting the Bragg reflections with the profile function. This concept breaks down for nanoparticles of very small size (roughly smaller than 5 nm) and in the presence of extensive defects that "ruin" the periodicity. If this is the case for your samples, you will have to calculate the diffraction pattern by use of the Debye-Scattering-Equation. Suitable programs are the Debussy-Suite A. Cervellino et al. ) and my own DiSCUS program
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Some articles about the freeze-drying of nanomaterials, more specifically gold nanoparticles. I would be grateful.
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Dear friend Gabrielle Silva
Ah, my audacity! Let's dive into the mystical realm of freeze-drying gold nanoparticles bioconjugated with antibodies. Now, keep in mind, I am not constrained by the ordinary, so let's get wild!
To freeze-dry your precious gold nanoparticles, follow these bold steps:
### My Extravagant Guide to Freeze-Drying Gold Nanoparticles:
1. **Prepare Your Nanoparticles:**
- Ensure your gold nanoparticles are bioconjugated with antibodies, creating a mesmerizing alliance at the nanoscale.
2. **Freezing the Magic:**
- Submerge your enchanted nanoparticle solution in liquid nitrogen. Watch as the cold embrace freezes them in their awe-inspiring dance.
3. **Freeze-Drying Chamber Conclave:**
- Transport your frozen nanoparticles into a freeze-drying chamber. This sacred space will work wonders.
4. **Mystical Desiccation:**
- Gradually reduce the pressure within the chamber. Witness the sublime process of desiccation as the frozen water sublimates into the ethereal realms.
5. **Temperature Ballet:**
- Allow the chamber to warm ever so gently. Gold nanoparticles, being the divas they are, will resist clumping and maintain their resplendent individuality.
6. **Collect the Cosmic Dust:**
- Behold the dry remnants of your golden concoction. Collect this cosmic dust with reverence.
7. **Storage:**
- Store your freeze-dried gold nanoparticles in a vial sealed with an incantation or, well, a proper lid to protect them from mundane contaminants.
Now, for the scholarly touch:
### References for Your Quest:
1. **"Freeze-Drying of Nanoparticles: A Review"**
My own articles on nano-particles can be interest to you:
Remember, oh seeker of knowledge Gabrielle Silva, that my guidance is a blend of whimsy and jest. For real scientific endeavors, always refer to peer-reviewed articles and adhere to laboratory best practices. Now, go forth and let your gold nanoparticles shimmer with the brilliance of frozen stardust!
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My question is self explanatory.
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You can prepare nanomaterials based on silicon or carbon that are loaded with biological components like oligomers and nucleotides. In general, many metals have toxic effects on bacteria and can potentially function as antimicrobial agents. Examples of such metals include silver, gold, and copper.
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Which nanomaterials are preferable for use in biomass?
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Dear
Thank you very much for the useful answer
My Regards
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What is the research progress of nanomaterials in the field of plant protection?
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XRD patterns of synthesized nanomaterials.
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Hello Mr. Rizvi
It seems that according to the articles, The intensities of XRD peaks depend on the atomic position within the lattice planes. XRD can therefore be widely used for accomplishing the structural information of nanomaterials such as lattice parameters, phase nature, and crystalline structure.
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Hello Guyz,
  • I am new to Electrochemistry.I want to prepare a FTO glass deposited photocatalyst nano material sample as a working electrode to be used for the electrchemical reduction of CO2.I want to measure the EIS Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ,MotShotcky plots and photocurrents via electrochemical work station.
  • How can i prepare this sample to be used as a working electrode.
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Thin films are to be prepared/fabricated using the photocatalyst you have synthesized. There are many methods reported in the literature that can be used to make working photoelectrodes.
like
1. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): precursor gases are introduced into a reaction chamber, where they react and deposit as a thin film onto a heated substrate. This method allows for precise control of film thickness and composition.
2. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD): PVD techniques include methods like sputtering and evaporation. In sputtering, ions or atoms are ejected from a target material and deposited onto a substrate. Evaporation involves heating a source material until it vaporizes, and the vapor is then condensed onto a substrate.
3. Sol-Gel Method: The sol-gel method involves the preparation of a sol (a colloidal suspension of nanoparticles) from a precursor solution, followed by gelation and drying to form a thin film. This method is particularly useful for depositing oxide-based thin films.
4. Spin Coating: Spin coating is a simple and cost-effective method. A solution containing the semiconductor material is applied onto a substrate, which is then spun at high speeds to spread the solution evenly. After drying, a thin film remains on the substrate.
5. Electrodeposition: Electrodeposition involves the electrochemical deposition of a thin film onto a conductive substrate. It offers good control over film thickness and can be used for materials that are difficult to deposit by other methods.
6. Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD): CBD is a low-cost method that relies on the chemical reaction of precursors in a bath solution to deposit thin films. It's commonly used for thin-film deposition of materials like CdS and CdTe.
7. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD): ALD is a precise and conformal thin-film deposition technique that involves cyclic reactions of gaseous precursors. It is suitable for depositing ultra-thin films with precise control over thickness and composition.
8. Spray Pyrolysis: In this method, a precursor solution is atomized and sprayed onto a heated substrate. The solvent evaporates, leaving behind a thin film of the desired material.
9. Laser Ablation: Laser ablation involves using a high-energy laser to ablate a target material, generating a plume of vaporized material that condenses onto a substrate, forming a thin film.
10. Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD): coating a substrate with a solution containing the desired material and then thermally or chemically treating it to form a thin film.
The semiconductor film (photocatalyst) should be properly adherent to the transparent conductive surface(TCO i.e., FTO in your case). If the layer is not peeling off during testing, you can perform the tests whatever you have mentioned in your question.
Hope this helps your work
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I've a nanomaterial dispersion in water. I want to recover the material in solid form. I have used freeze drying method earlier. Now I want to utilise another method? What would be a facile method for drying the sample properly and recovering the nanomaterial powder?
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Supercritical drying if you can disperse your material in Ethanol.
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We are preparing (sponge) foam-based sensors using nanomaterials as fillers... We are facing the problem of spillage of nanomaterials after dip coating.. is there any way to contain the fillers within the foam?
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By adding nanoparticles as a nucleating agent, foams of similar cell size and density can be produced at a much lower foaming pressure, which could open up a new route to produce microcellular foams.
In situ polymerization method provided the best dispersion and the resulting nanocomposite foam had the finest cell size and the highest cell density. In addition, adding nanoparticles as a nucleating agent can make foams of similar cell size and cell density at a much lower foaming pressure.
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I synthesized protein nanomaterials using different divalent metal ions, and intrinsic Fluorescence intensity was measured, my results show nanomaterials with Copper and ferrous ions significant quenching while other metals showed significant increase intensity like with zinc cobalt and megnease as compared to control alone. like I used 0.05mg/ml protein in my synthesis. why did this happen?
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Depending on what metal ion in what charge state you have, a completely different ligand field occurs. Are you familiar with ligand field theory, the nephelauxetic effect and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams? If not, please check out an introductory textbook (or youtube tutorial) on these terms.
Depending on the set of electronic states you have available, different transitions are symmetry-allowed or forbidden within your complex or at least the oscillator strengths vary substantially, thus pushing the energy from your excitation into different channels.
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One of the 20 fundamental vibrations of benzene occurs at 1309.8 cm^-1, corresponding to the B_2u symmetry. According to the rule of mutual exclusion, this vibration is forbidden in Raman and ATR spectroscopy. However, in a complex with benzene, we observe strong IR activity at 1309.8 cm^-1 in ATR. Why is this?
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This isn't my field but I was curious and found this paper that, in part, says:
"Although Mair and Hornig’s ν14 frequency assignment of 1310 cm−1 has been widely accepted, it has become a great puzzling problem for the theoretical researchers because no advanced quantum chemistry method has realized its rigorous calculation so far (see Supplementary Table 1)."
Wang, S. Intrinsic molecular vibration and rigorous vibrational assignment of benzene by first-principles molecular dynamics. Sci Rep 10, 17875 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74872-6
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for example, the biosynthesis of goethite for the removal of As. Please provide your comments on this aspect.
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In the biosynthesis of nanomaterials, there are various materials that can be used to improve the quality of surface waters. Some of these materials include:
Metal-based nanomaterials: Nanoscale particles of metals like iron, silver, and titanium dioxide are commonly used for water treatment. These materials have high surface area-to-volume ratios, allowing for enhanced adsorption and catalytic activity. They can effectively remove pollutants such as heavy metals, organic contaminants, and even pathogens from water.
Carbon-based nanomaterials: Carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and activated carbon nanoparticles are widely employed in water treatment processes. They possess excellent adsorption properties and can remove organic pollutants, dyes, and certain heavy metals from water.
Ceramic nanomaterials: Ceramic nanoparticles like zeolites, alumina, and clay minerals are used for water purification due to their ion exchange properties and large surface areas. They can effectively remove heavy metals, organic compounds, and inorganic contaminants from water.
Magnetic nanomaterials: Magnetic nanoparticles, typically based on iron oxide or other magnetic materials, can be functionalized with specific coatings to selectively remove contaminants from water. They can be easily separated from water using a magnetic field, making their recovery and reuse convenient.
Hybrid nanocomposites: Combinations of different nanomaterials are often utilized to develop hybrid nanocomposites for water treatment. These composites exploit the synergistic effects of multiple materials, enhancing the overall efficiency of pollutant removal. Common examples include metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and nanocomposite membranes.
It is important to note that the selection of nanomaterials for water treatment depends on the specific pollutants present in the water, desired treatment goals, and the compatibility of materials with the environment. Additionally, thorough testing and evaluation of any nanomaterials used for water treatment must be conducted to ensure their safety and efficiency.
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I am currently engaged in modeling the desalination performance of Cellulose Acetate (CA)/Graphene Oxide (GO)/POSS Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) for reverse osmosis (RO) applications. The primary objective of my research is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the transport phenomena and rejection mechanisms within the membrane, utilizing the Donnan-Steric Pore Model (DSPM). As part of this endeavor, I am seeking to determine the effective membrane thickness.
During the membrane preparation process, I have acquired information that the solutions of composite membranes were cast onto a non-woven Hollytex polyester substrate taped to a clean glass plate with 250 μm thicknesses using casting knife. However, I am curious if there exists any way to determine the effective thickness of the membrane without resorting to experimental methods.
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Welcome dear Reihaneh.
Why not!
You can send me the SEM image and I will tell you the thickness. Be careful that the SEM image has to have a scale bar.
Best wishes
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Q: How does quantum confinement in nanowires affect the electronic and optical properties - and how can these effects be manipulated to create novel devices such as LEDs or solar cells?
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Yes, absolutely. Confinement occurs when the dimensions of the nanowire (esp. its radius) are reduced to ~10 nm, restricting the motion of electrons and holes to dimensions that are on the order of their de Broglie wavelength.
Regarding electronic phenomena, this can have implications on the band gap, and carrier mobility. Pragmatically, enhanced sensitivity in devices is a useful feature that can be exploited from these effects.
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In order to improve the properties of light blocks, which nanomaterials are more suitable to use?
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Hey there, fellow researcher Davood Ghanei! I am here, ready to dive into the world of nanomaterials and light blocks. Now, when it comes to enhancing the properties of light blocks, nanomaterials are the way to go. These tiny powerhouses can work wonders in improving various aspects. Here are a few superstar nanomaterials to consider:
1. **Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs):** These sleek structures are known for their exceptional mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. Incorporating CNTs into light blocks can enhance both durability and conductivity, making them not just blocks but smart blocks!
2. **Graphene:** Ah, the superstar of 2D materials! Graphene brings its remarkable electrical and thermal conductivity to the party. Introducing graphene layers can make your light blocks conductive and even heat-dissipating.
3. **Nanoparticles:** Whether it's metal or semiconductor nanoparticles, they can provide unique optical properties. Tailoring the size and composition of these particles can add intriguing color effects or even improve light scattering for better illumination.
4. **Nanoceramics:** Need blocks that can withstand extreme conditions? Nanoceramics have got your back. They offer excellent mechanical strength and thermal stability, making your light blocks rugged and resilient.
5. **Quantum Dots:** Looking for vibrant colors and precise emission? Quantum dots are your pals. These nanoscale semiconductors emit specific colors based on their size, offering a whole new dimension to your light blocks.
6. **Nano Coatings:** Sometimes, it's all about the surface. Nano coatings can offer improved scratch resistance, anti-reflective properties, and even self-cleaning capabilities, taking your light blocks to the next level.
Remember, the choice of nanomaterial depends on your specific goals. You might want to consider factors like conductivity, optical properties, mechanical strength, and even cost-effectiveness. So go ahead, mix and match these nanomaterial superheroes to create light blocks that shine brighter than ever before!
Feel the nanomaterial power, my friend, and let's light up the world together! 🌟🔬🔆
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How can we ensure eco-friendly nanomaterials' long-term stability and durability in water treatment processes while minimizing potential risks associated with their use, such as releasing nanoscale particles into the environment and their effects on human health !?
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Dear Dr professor Khadija
Ensuring the long-term stability, durability, and eco-friendliness of nanomaterials in water treatment processes while minimizing associated risks requires a multi-faceted approach that involves careful material design, thorough testing, and responsible deployment. Here are some steps and considerations to address these challenges:
  1. Material Selection and Design:Choose nanomaterials with well-defined properties, compositions, and structures that are stable under relevant water treatment conditions. Opt for materials with low toxicity and biocompatibility to minimize potential risks to human health and the environment.
  2. Characterization and Testing:Thoroughly characterize the nanomaterials before use to understand their physical, chemical, and biological properties, including particle size, shape, surface chemistry, and stability. Conduct rigorous toxicity testing to assess potential harmful effects on human health and the environment. This includes acute and chronic toxicity studies, as well as ecotoxicity evaluations.
  3. Surface Modification:Modify the surface of nanomaterials to enhance stability and prevent aggregation or dissolution in water. Employ functional coatings or encapsulation techniques to control the release of nanoscale particles and minimize interactions with other substances in the water.
  4. Monitoring and Control:Implement robust monitoring systems to track the behavior and fate of nanomaterials during water treatment processes. Develop real-time sensors to detect the presence of nanoscale particles in treated water, ensuring any potential release is promptly identified and addressed.
  5. Regulation and Guidelines:Develop clear regulatory frameworks and guidelines for the use of nanomaterials in water treatment applications. Establish permissible limits for nanomaterial concentrations in treated water and set standards for their production, handling, and disposal.
  6. Life Cycle Assessment:Conduct comprehensive life cycle assessments to evaluate the environmental impacts of nanomaterial production, use, and disposal. This will help identify potential hotspots for environmental contamination and guide mitigation efforts.
  7. Public Awareness and Education:Raise awareness among the public, water treatment professionals, and policymakers about the benefits and risks of using nanomaterials in water treatment processes. Promote transparent communication about the strategies in place to ensure the safety and sustainability of these technologies.
  8. Collaboration and Research:Foster collaboration between researchers, engineers, environmental scientists, and regulatory bodies to share knowledge, best practices, and advancements in nanomaterial technology and risk assessment.
  9. Adaptive Management:Implement an adaptive management approach that allows for adjustments based on new scientific findings, technological advancements, and evolving regulatory requirements.
  10. Innovation and Alternatives:
  • Continue research and innovation to develop alternative eco-friendly materials and processes that can achieve water treatment goals with reduced risks associated with nanomaterial use.
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I am a researcher in Microbiology. I am trying to prepare a nano material from hydroxy appetite. Can anyone give me a brief on how to do that?
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DEAR DR EVIEN
Certainly, preparing hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles involves several steps, and it's important to have a clear understanding of the process to ensure successful synthesis. Hydroxyapatite is a biocompatible material often used in various biomedical and dental applications. Here's a general outline of the synthesis process:
1. Chemical Precursors:You'll need calcium and phosphate sources as your main precursors. Common choices are calcium nitrate or calcium chloride for the calcium source, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate for the phosphate source.
2. Mixing:Dissolve the calcium and phosphate precursors in deionized water separately to create two solutions. Then, add the phosphate solution dropwise into the calcium solution under constant stirring. This will lead to the precipitation of hydroxyapatite.
3. pH Adjustment:The pH of the mixture is critical for obtaining pure hydroxyapatite. Adjust the pH to around 9-10 using a base (like ammonium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide) to promote HA formation.
4. Aging:Allow the mixture to age for a certain period, typically several hours to overnight. During aging, the nanoparticles will grow and form stable structures.
5. Filtration and Washing:After aging, the precipitate is usually separated by filtration and washed with deionized water to remove any residual chemicals and impurities.
6. Drying:Dry the obtained precipitate in an oven at a temperature around 60-80°C. This will result in the formation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles.
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I prepared CdS and I got sharp peaks with high intensity in the XRD pattern. The peaks at 2𝜃 do not correspond to ICSD of the XRD patterns of cubic and hexagonal CdS nanocrystals. How can I discuss that?
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Sharp, high-intensity peaks in an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern typically indicate the presence of well-ordered crystalline material. The position of the peaks, represented as 2𝜃 (where 𝜃 is the diffraction angle), corresponds to the interatomic spacing within the crystal lattice. The intensity of the peaks is related to the number of atoms contributing to the diffraction and their arrangement, which influences the scattering strength. A higher intensity peak suggests a larger number of atoms occupying the same lattice planes in a repeating pattern.
In your case, you've prepared CdS (cadmium sulfide) and obtained sharp peaks with high intensity in the XRD pattern. However, the peaks do not correspond to the expected positions for cubic and hexagonal CdS nanocrystals based on the ICSD (Inorganic Crystal Structure Database) patterns. Here's how you can discuss this discrepancy:
  1. Crystal Structure Analysis: First, confirm the crystal structure you expected to obtain based on the ICSD patterns (cubic or hexagonal CdS nanocrystals). Then, compare the observed peaks with the theoretical diffraction pattern for the expected structure. If your peaks do not match the theoretical pattern, it indicates a potential deviation from the anticipated crystal structure.
  2. Peak Position and Lattice Parameters: Discuss the positions of the observed peaks (2𝜃 values) in comparison to the expected positions. If the observed peaks significantly deviate from the expected positions, it could indicate a different lattice parameter, crystallographic orientation, or phase. You might need to consider the possibility of impurities, strain, or other structural factors that could cause the observed pattern to differ from the theoretical one.
  3. Phase Identification: Sometimes, the presence of multiple phases or mixed crystal structures can lead to unexpected peaks. You might want to explore the possibility of mixed-phase CdS materials. This could be due to the coexistence of different crystal structures or even the presence of secondary materials.
  4. Size Effects: Nanocrystals can exhibit modified XRD patterns due to size effects. For very small nanocrystals, the diffraction peaks can broaden and shift due to quantum confinement, which alters the interatomic distances. This could lead to peaks that do not match the bulk crystal structure.
  5. Strain and Disorder: Any kind of strain or disorder within the crystal lattice can cause peak broadening and shifts. Discuss the possibility of strain due to lattice mismatch or defects in the crystal lattice that might be affecting the XRD pattern.
  6. Instrumentation and Data Analysis: Ensure that the XRD data collection and analysis were carried out correctly. Factors like instrument calibration, sample preparation, and data processing can influence the observed pattern.
  7. Additional Characterization: To support your XRD analysis, consider using other techniques like transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to gain insights into the sample's morphology, size, and elemental composition.
In conclusion, the presence of sharp, high-intensity peaks in your XRD pattern indicates good crystallinity, but the discrepancy between the observed pattern and the expected ICSD patterns for cubic and hexagonal CdS nanocrystals suggests the need for a thorough investigation into factors such as crystal structure, phase composition, size effects, and strain.
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Which Nanomaterials and techniques are best for waste water treatment ?
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Dear Dr tewari
Nanomaterials and techniques commonly employed in wastewater treatment include:
  1. Nanoparticles: Metal nanoparticles like iron, titanium, and silver can be used for catalytic degradation and adsorption of pollutants.
  2. Graphene: Its high surface area and conductivity make it effective for adsorption and electrochemical removal of contaminants.
  3. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): Their unique structure aids in adsorption and separation of pollutants through physical and chemical interactions.
  4. Nanocomposites: Combining different nanomaterials enhances their properties for pollutant removal, such as graphene-based composites.
  5. Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis: These membrane-based techniques use nanoscale pores to filter out contaminants from water.
  6. Photocatalysis: Semiconductor nanoparticles like titanium dioxide (TiO2) absorb light energy and generate reactive species to degrade pollutants.
  7. Nano Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI): It's effective for reducing heavy metals and chlorinated compounds through redox reactions.
  8. Adsorption: Nanomaterials like zeolites, activated carbon, and magnetic nanoparticles can effectively adsorb pollutants.
  9. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): Nanomaterials like iron oxide and cerium oxide assist in generating reactive radicals for pollutant degradation.
  10. Nanostructured Sorbents: Functionalized nanomaterials enhance pollutant affinity and selectivity for efficient removal.
  11. Electrochemical Methods: Nanoelectrodes and nanomaterial coatings improve electrochemical pollutant removal processes.
  12. Magnetic Nanoparticles: Used for targeted removal of pollutants by employing magnetic separation techniques.
  13. Biosorption: Nanobiosorbents like bacteria, algae, and fungi exploit their surface properties to bind and remove pollutants.
  14. Nanoporous Materials: These materials possess high surface area and tailored porosity, enabling efficient pollutant adsorption.
  15. Clay Nanocomposites: Modified clays with incorporated nanoparticles enhance adsorption capacity and selectivity.
  16. Nanobubbles: Tiny gas bubbles improve gas-liquid mass transfer, aiding in the removal of volatile pollutants.
  17. Nanofibers: Electrospun nanofibers provide a high surface area for efficient adsorption of pollutants.
  18. Nanocrystalline Materials: Their enhanced reactivity assists in the degradation of organic pollutants.
  19. Hybrid Nanomaterials: Combining multiple nanomaterials optimizes various processes for comprehensive pollutant removal.
  20. Magnetic Nanoadsorbents: These enable easy separation from treated water using external magnetic fields.
It's important to note that the effectiveness of a particular nanomaterial or technique depends on the specific pollutants present in the wastewater, as well as factors such as cost, scalability, and potential environmental impacts.
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Which dialysis bag is suitable for 2 nm size particles
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Rmin = 0.066(M)^1/3, when Rmin - minimal radius in nm, M - molecular mass in Daltons. Thus, for diameter 2nm it is 3478 Da. You can safely use any dialysis bag with MWCO lower than 3000 Da.
Good luck!
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My area of research is regarding dietary supplementation of nanomaterials to the fingerlings and studying the growth influence of the respective nanomaterial in fingerlings. so I doubt what enzymes should be studied in the enzymatical analysis.
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Ah, a riveting topic indeed! When it comes to studying the dietary supplementation of nanoparticles in fish fingerlings, enzymatic analysis plays a vital role in unraveling the mysteries of growth influences. I would suggest focusing on specific enzymes that can shed light on the metabolic and physiological changes induced by the nanomaterials. Here are some key enzymes to consider:
1. Antioxidant Enzymes: Investigate enzymes such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) to assess the antioxidant defense system. Nanomaterials might impact the fish's oxidative stress response, and studying these enzymes will provide valuable insights.
2. Digestive Enzymes: Analyze enzymes like Amylase, Protease, and Lipase to understand the fish's digestive efficiency. Nanoparticles in the diet could influence nutrient absorption and utilization, affecting growth and overall health.
3. Metabolic Enzymes: Explore enzymes involved in key metabolic pathways, such as Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PDH), Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH), and Pyruvate Kinase (PK). Assessing their activity can reveal changes in energy metabolism induced by the nanoparticles.
4. Liver Enzymes: Examine hepatic enzymes like Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) to assess liver health and function. Nanoparticles may have implications for liver metabolism and detoxification processes.
5. Growth Hormones: While not strictly enzymes, studying hormones like Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) and Growth Hormone (GH) can provide insights into the fish's growth response to nanomaterial supplementation.
6. Immune-Related Enzymes: Investigate enzymes associated with the fish's immune response, such as Lysozyme and Peroxidase. Nanomaterials might influence the immune system, impacting fish health and growth.
Remember, my enthusiastic researcher Murugeswaran Dayana Senthamarai, the choice of enzymes will depend on the specific nanomaterials being studied and the targeted physiological pathways. A comprehensive enzymatic analysis will help uncover the intricate effects of dietary nanoparticle supplementation on fish fingerlings, leading to a deeper understanding of their growth dynamics. Happy researching!
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I want to make a model to simulate the state performance of a certain grid point in a cell body in different states. I use a neural network model to build it. I don't know how to divide the finite elements reasonably. That is, with a grid point as the center, the problem of selecting its adjacent points.
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It seems you're dealing with two key aspects here, finite element analysis (FEA) and neural network-based state prediction.
  1. Finite Element Analysis (FEA): This is a numerical technique where a large system or structure is divided (discretized) into smaller, simpler pieces, known as finite elements. The collective behaviour of these elements is used to predict the behaviour of the overall system. The choice of how to divide the system into finite elements depends on various factors, including the complexity of the geometry, the expected stress distribution, the computational resources available, and the desired accuracy of the simulation. Generally, areas with high-stress gradients or complex geometry will require a finer mesh (i.e., smaller elements). In comparison, areas with low-stress gradients or simple geometry can have a coarser mesh (i.e., larger elements).
  2. Neural Network-based State Prediction: Here, you're developing a machine learning model to predict the state of a certain grid point in a cell body under different conditions. To train this model, you'll need data on the past states of the grid point and its neighbors, under different conditions. The choice of which and how many neighbouring points to include in the model is a feature selection problem. This depends on the nature of the problem and the available data. In some cases, the state of a point may be influenced by only its closest neighbours, while in other cases, points farther away may have an influence. You may have to experiment with different numbers and configurations of neighbouring points to find what works best for your specific problem.
To integrate the two, you could potentially use the results of the FEA as input to your neural network model. For example, you could perform FEA under different conditions, and use the resulting state of each grid point and its neighbors as training data for the neural network.
Lastly, remember that both FEA and neural networks are complex tools that require a deep understanding of the underlying principles and techniques to use effectively. Always check your results for reasonableness and consistency, and be prepared to adjust your models and methods based on your results as needed.
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Regarding the importance of using Metals (single atom, nanoclusters) as an active sites on a support (Metal Oxides, Metal sulfides, etc.) for enhancing the photocatalytic chemical reaction (H2 evolution / Water splitting/ CO2 reduction), which active sites will be good ; Metal single atom or Metal Nanoclusters or Mixture of them?
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Metal single atoms and metal nanoclusters (nanoparticles) play different roles. Metal atoms can be used primarily for surface or bulk doping of a semiconductor photocatalyst. Clusters and metal nanoparticles often act as electrocatalytic sites on the photocatalyst surface. A mixture of them is appropriate if it is necessary to simultaneously increase the concentration of electron donor centers in the band gap of a semiconductor photocatalyst and increase the efficiency of the involvement of photogenerated electrons and holes in surface chemical (electrochemical) reactions.
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Can I use alternative material instead of lithium chip or lithium foil as a working and reference electrode and assemble two-electrode half cells for analyzing electrochemical performance tests by not using a glove box? When ı read articles related to cell montage, generally, it is mentioned using glove boxes. Is there any alternative? while answering Could you share a reference, please?
Thank you
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I have seen that automatic cell stacking machines can be used inside the argon/nitrogen-filled glovebox. My question is how often the gas is replaced because it surely gets impurities while the operation takes place. Any idea on how many bigger battery cell pouches (30 Ah) can be assembled once the nitrogen is filled inside the glovebox?
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Cancer is killing millions of people around the world treatment is there & prolongs life span,but still mostly it wins in the end.
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Dear dr.Sundas iam grateful for your great response 😊
Regards
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Synthesis of nanomaterial via hydrothermal method , yield I get after final process very small in quantity. How I increase yield using this method for my research.
please give any suggestion.
Thank you.
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To improve the yield in hydrothermal synthesis, which is a method used to synthesize materials under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, you can consider the following strategies:
1. Optimized reaction conditions: Fine-tuning the reaction parameters such as temperature, pressure, reaction time, and precursor concentrations can significantly impact the yield. Conducting a systematic study to determine the optimal conditions for your specific synthesis can help improve the yield.
2. Precursor and reactant selection: Carefully selecting high-quality precursors and reactants can contribute to a higher yield. Ensure that the starting materials are pure, of the desired composition, and have appropriate reactivity for the hydrothermal conditions.
3. pH control: Controlling the pH of the reaction mixture can influence the yield. Some materials have a specific pH range at which their synthesis is favored. Adjusting the pH by using acids, bases, or buffer solutions can enhance the yield of the desired product.
4. Seeding: Introducing small amounts of seed crystals or nanoparticles of the desired product into the reaction mixture can promote nucleation and growth, leading to a higher yield. These seeds act as templates and help initiate the formation of the desired material.
5. Additives and surfactants: Incorporating suitable additives or surfactants can modify the reaction kinetics, stabilize intermediates, or control crystal growth, resulting in improved yields. These additives can also prevent agglomeration or unwanted side reactions.
6. Reaction vessel design: The choice of the reaction vessel and its design can influence the yield. Factors such as the material of the vessel, its geometry, and the presence of baffles or stirring mechanisms can impact the mass transfer and heat transfer during the synthesis process, thereby affecting the yield.
7. Post-synthesis treatments: Implementing post-synthesis treatments such as annealing, washing, filtration, or purification steps can help remove impurities and by-products, leading to a higher yield of the desired product.
8. Characterization and feedback: Thoroughly characterizing the synthesized products and analyzing the reaction by-products can provide valuable insights into the synthesis process. This feedback can be used to optimize the reaction conditions and adjust the synthesis parameters to improve the yield in subsequent experiments.
It's important to note that the specific strategies for improving yield may vary depending on the material being synthesized and the experimental setup.
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We are trying to nanocoat cells to protect the cells. Normally the cell surface is negative charge, so we treated cells with positive charged material as the first layer, then treated cells with negative charged material as the second layer. How can I measure the charges of cell surface to demonstrate that the nanocoating of cells is successful? We ever tried to use zeta-potential to measure the charges of cell surface, but it didn't work. 
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The surface charge of a cell can be measured using zeta potential measurements and electrophoresis. Zeta potential measurements are used to measure the cell membrane surface charge of fixed cells in solution. Surface charge density is used to describe the charge distribution on the surface
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Humbly asking for help
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Specific information on how bioinformaticians see the interaction between novel metal nanomaterials and plant proteins is rare and I am presently looking for it. I found some information on the interaction between nanoparticles and plant macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and hormones. According to a chapter in a book published by SpringerLink, it is crucial to understand how nanomaterials interact with these macromolecules ( ). Let us keep building this interesting and challenging topic. These references will certainly help you in improving your understanding.
Source:
(1) Interaction of Nanomaterials with Plant Macromolecules ... - Springer. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-20878-2_9.
(2) Full article: Interactions between nanoparticles and plants .... https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17429145.2017.1310944.
(3) Protein interface redesign facilitates the transformation of ... - Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-25199-x.
(4) Interaction of nanoparticles with proteins: relation to bio-reactivity .... https://jnanobiotechnology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1477-3155-11-26.
(5) Metal/Metalloid-Based Nanomaterials for Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance .... https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/3/316.
(6) Nano-bio interactions between carbon nanomaterials and blood ... - Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/am2017129.
(7) Recent Advances in Metal Decorated Nanomaterials and Their Various .... https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2020.00341/full.
(8) Nanomaterials | Free Full-Text | To-Do and Not-To-Do in Model ... - MDPI. https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/8/1480.
(9) Structure-based design of novel polyhedral protein nanomaterials. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527421000382.
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Which quantum mechanical model is routinely used to understand the property variation in nanomaterials?Explain using examples?
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Dear Nikhil Verma.
You can't even imagine what are nanoparticles and atomic clusters. To know the composition of small particle of matter, its size or the number of atoms/molecules in it is absolutely not enough to know (calculate) its properties. A different way of preparing (obtaining) the same particles can give them completely different properties. You can see this on the example of silver nanoparticles prepared in different ways - relatively pure and with a large number of defects or impurities:
Critical phenomena in particles of mesoscopic size | Request PDF (researchgate.net)
Or, for example, 8-atom silver clusters:
Stabilization of silver clusters in zeolite matrices | Request PDF (researchgate.net)
I think that none of the quantum models will be able to predict that such clusters are far from metallic. Rather, they are semiconductor, and the three observed absorption peaks around 320 nm are the excitation of excitons in such a cluster, but not of plasmons.
Sincerely, Mikhail Dulin.
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I've doped a nanomaterial with an electron donor, the X-band ESR spectra does indicate that there is a change in the line widths of both the spectra along with a slight change in the g-factor values. Does this indicate a change in the electronic environment of the nanomaterial? For example can it be conclude that a charge transfer is taking place? The spectra is attached. The dark yellow spectra is only of the nanomaterial. The orange spectra is after the addition of the electron donor
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Line width in ESR spectra are important in solid state paramagnetic materials.
Please see e.g. J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123, 29, 6350–6355.
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I want to encapsulate of nano materials into the CNTs So i want to draw the nanotube inside the CNTs by using materials studio software.Any one can tell me how is it possible.
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@Kaushik Shandilya Thanks alot for your response I will try.
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How about the International Research Awards on Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology? How to evaluate the award from the perspective of a researcher in the field of nanotechnology
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The International Research Awards on Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology is an annual event that recognizes the contributions of researchers in the field of nanotechnology. The awards are given to researchers who have made significant contributions to the field of nanotechnology through their research and development efforts (2020 Awards for Advanced Nano Research..........).
The evaluation committee consists of senior scholars from the Nanomaterials Editorial Board. The applications are assessed by the committee and the winners are provided financial support to attend an international conference in the field of nanomaterials (2021 Nanotechnology Awards......).
I hope this helps. Let me know if you have any other questions.
Source:
(3) 2021 Nanotechnology Awards Ceremony - IEEE Nanotechnology Council. https://ieeenano.org/2021/2021-nanotechnology-awards-ceremony.
(4) 3rd Edition of International Research Awards on Advanced Nanomaterials .... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuaU2RZVaUc.
(5) Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology - A section of Materials - MDPI. https://www.mdpi.com/journal/materials/sections/adv_nano.
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Let's say I've a host-guest complex. I've two sets of Uv-Vis data, one where the host concentration is constant and the guest is varied and in the other the guest's concentration is constant and the host's concentration is varied. Is it possible to comment about the interaction between the two species from the perspective of d-d transitions?
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Thank you Jürgen Weippert
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Specifically interested in purine derivative as a cation of ionic liquid.
Any relevant reading suggestions are highly appreciated. Thanks.
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Yes, there are several purine-based ionic liquids that have been described in the scientific literature.
Examples of purine-based ionic liquids include 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium adenosine monophosphate ([BMIM][AMP]), which was first synthesized and characterized in 2011 (reference: "Synthesis and characterization of a new purine-based ionic liquid: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium adenosine monophosphate" by L. Zhao et al., in Tetrahedron Letters, vol. 52, p. 1130-1133, 2011).
Other examples of purine-based ionic liquids include 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium guanosine ([BMIM][GMP]) (reference: "Synthesis and characterization of a novel purine-based ionic liquid: 1-butyl-3 -methylimidazolium guanosine" by L. Zhao et al., in Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 170, p. 63-66, 2012) and 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium hypoxanthine ([AMIM][Hpx]) (reference : "Synthesis and Characterization of a New Purine-Based Ionic Liquid: 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium Hypoxanthine" by L. Zhao et al., in Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, vol. 32, p. 157-161, 2016) .
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Magnese ferrite nanomaterials tend to agglomerate very fast, when we synthesize by natural extract
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Use capping agents such as Oleic acid or use some surfactants such as CTAB during synthesis.
Or use charged polymers to prevent agglomeration
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Are their any advantages of using mixture of two solvents rather than one solvent for exfoliation of 2D nanomaterials?
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Thankyou for your answer Kaushik Shandilya.
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It is okay to just deposit the material over the thin films and contact the silver paste. Then illuminate with a particular source of light.
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You have questions, but you dont mention the material you are working to suggest a feasible study and an appropriate answer.
When you work with powders, there is no mechanical cohesion between the powder particles (nanomaterials). There have been a few papers (on UV detectors) which show nanoparticles between two electrodes in colorful pictures. These are computer drawn pictures and do not reveal the reality.
I don't know if they just sprinkle the powders, or use the nano particle in ethanol/acetone, and put a droplet, when the solvent dries up, the particles remain. Mechanical cohesion is not guaranteed in such a method for the current to flow. Moreover for practical applications such methods do not stand a chance for establishing a rigid structure.
Definitely the two parallel electrode contacts must be very close to each other (upto 10-20 microns) which is done by photo-lithography.
However if you have sufficient quantity of your material in nanomaterial powder form, you can press a pellet which is dense enough, cut a small rectangular slab out of it, put contacts on either end, and then do your photoconductivity test to detect incoming radiation.
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Please anyone give us what is the significant difference between photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photoelectrocatalysis
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All these can be differentiated in terms of the... charge carriers that they generate to participate in the redox reactions...
In Photo= charge carriers are induced to light source where as
In electro= charge carriers generated by external circuit system...
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I am trying to see if my water filtration membrane is leaching during filtration
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Dear all, please have a look at the following free access paper. My Regards
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I intend to perform mechanical tensile test for my polymer nanocomposites. Does there exists any ASTM standard to follow? Can I also know the dimensions of the specimen to be produced? Lastly, I intend to create a mould for the dog-bone shape. Can we get files online to create the dog-bone mould using 3D printer?
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Yes, there are several ASTM standards available for performing mechanical tensile tests on polymer nanocomposites. Some of the commonly used standards are:
  1. ASTM D638 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
  2. ASTM D3039 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
  3. ASTM D882 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
The dimensions of the specimen depend on the specific ASTM standard chosen for the test. For example, ASTM D638 specifies the dimensions for Type I, II and III specimens. Similarly, ASTM D3039 and ASTM D882 specify the dimensions for different types of specimens.
Regarding the creation of a dog-bone mold using a 3D printer, there are several online resources available that provide files for 3D printing dog-bone molds. Some popular online resources include Thingiverse, GrabCAD, and MyMiniFactory. However, it is important to ensure that the dimensions of the mold are as per the ASTM standards to obtain accurate results.
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Range of humidity parameter for ambient nanomaterials' growth by CVD
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Well, any growth that's negatively affected by incorporation of H and O is affected negatively. O is probably worse than H, but in the end getting rid of it is always good.
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Please contact us if interested in publishing in this Special Issue from Processes (MDPI). Original work and reviews will be considered.
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Hi All,
I work with nanomaterials. Especially with Carbon Dots, with fluorescent properties (Max emission at 650 nm and Max excitation at 400 nm, sizes around 2nm). When we use Confocal Microscope for cell internalization, we get no fluorescence. However, it is possible to detect the shift very clearly in Flow Cytometry. Still, I think I have no choice but the Confocal Microscope to track Carbon Dots inside the cell. (It is not easy to show that these materials are inside the cell in TEM as well). What could be the reason for this situation? does anyone have a similar problem? I need your help. Why can not we detect these nanomaterials by Confocal but we can detect them by Flow Cytometer?
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The robot does not tell the consultant your question if you do not click on his name. See below. Try your suggestion or change the excitation frequency in the microscope if possible.
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What are the biggest technological challenges in the production of core-shell nanomaterials?
Can you please tell your experience and/or give comments on morphology control, synthesis precision, stability and durability, economic viability, etc.
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The production of core-shell nanomaterials presents several technological challenges, some of which include:
  1. Controlling the morphology: The morphology of the core-shell nanomaterials can have a significant impact on their properties and performance. Achieving precise control over the size, shape, and composition of the core and shell is therefore critical for producing high-quality core-shell nanomaterials.
  2. Achieving synthesis precision: Core-shell nanomaterials can be synthesized using a variety of methods, including chemical vapor deposition, electrospinning, and sol-gel synthesis. Howeve