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•NATO's strategic deterrence in Eastern Flank faces growing challenges in the aftermath of the Ukraine conflict, as the security environment becomes increasingly complex and volatile. The Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 underscored the limitations of traditional deterrence methods, which rely heavily on conventional military capabilities and nuclear deterrence. These methods, while effective during the Cold War, are less suited to counter the multifaceted threats posed by hybrid warfare tactics and the rapid advancement of emerging technologies.
•Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous systems, advanced surveillance tools and cyber capabilities are transforming the nature of modern conflict. While these innovations hold significant potential to enhance NATO’s deterrence posture, their integration presents critical challenges. Interoperability among NATO member states, ethical considerations surrounding AI and autonomous weaponry and the adaptation of traditional military doctrines to these new paradigms remain unresolved issues.
•Furthermore, the growing prominence of cognitive warfare—strategies designed to manipulate perceptions, influence decision-making, and destabilize adversaries—adds another layer of complexity to NATO’s security landscape. Russia's use of disinformation campaigns and psychological operations has highlighted NATO’s vulnerabilities in this domain. Despite its significance, cognitive warfare remains underexplored in NATO’s strategic frameworks, leaving a critical gap in its deterrence strategy.
•The central problem is the lack of a comprehensive approach that effectively integrates emerging technologies and counter-cognitive warfare measures into NATO’s deterrence strategy for Eastern Flank. This deficiency raises concerns about NATO’s ability to adapt to modern security threats and maintain stability in the region. Addressing this issue requires not only technological innovation but also coordinated policy development, enhanced interoperability, and a reevaluation of existing strategic doctrines to account for the evolving nature of warfare.
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I hope you are doing well.
What I will write will apply to both sides of the war—it matters who exploits it or uses it better.
Emerging Technologies
  1. Artificial intelligence (AI) is already under development, and NATO must leverage it to enhance its decision-making processes. AI technology can analyse vast amounts of data and potentially predict certain behaviours, making it a valuable asset for the alliance.
  2. Additionally, with Russia possessing strong cyber capabilities, NATO needs to bolster its counter-cyber warfare strategies.
Counter-Cognitive Warfare
Counter-cognitive warfare is a tool employed in hybrid warfare against targeted states. I believe NATO has thus far been successful in this cognitive conflict. However, as your question focuses on how NATO can utilise counter-cognitive warfare, the answer is straightforward: the more offensive actions are taken, the more defensive measures will be implemented by adversaries. Nevertheless, NATO could adopt the following strategies:
  1. Utilising Academia: Engaging academic institutions to develop counter-cognitive warfare strategies.
  2. Enhancing International Collaboration: Similar to their approach during the war on terrorism, NATO should seek to strengthen international partnerships—not to isolate Russia but to establish a ceasefire on the Eastern Front, thereby assuring Russia of its security and helping to prevent the potential use of tactical nuclear weapons.
  3. Controlling Information Flow: Implementing measures to manage and regulate the dissemination of information.
  4. Exploring Biotech Applications: Considering the controversial potential of biotechnology in warfare.
I hope this provides clarity on the matter.
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So how is NEO MING?
Oh I kicked THE GERMANS WHERE IT CRIPPLES THEM COMPLETELY. STEALING CHINESE HI TECH.... all on 3rd OCTOBER 2024.
With NOT A SINGLE DROP OF BLOOD.
NOT YET...
Smile BUNDESAMT, everyone of you have beeen framed 🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌 by MATRIX NEO.
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Firstly, NEO Ming looks like a homeless old Asian bag
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Russia constantly manipulates about the danger from NATO ("NATO is approaching Russia's borders"). Can someone answer the simple question "What interests NATO to attack Russia?" (what is the benefit and the benefit-risk ratio)
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The whole geopolitical construct is wrapped in the domination theory. The proponents of the 'great game' between the West and Russia still wield influence in manipulating the narrative. Fear of losing the established position in the international world order is pushing NATO to limit Russian influence from radiating while Russia still carries the baggage of big power ego. Based on a rationalist interpretation of the situation, it is accepted that both NATO and Russia will avoid military confrontation. Functioning under restraint may not lead to aggression by either side, as the societal impact of any such adventure will be catastrophic. However, it opens room for contestation using Non-Contact Warfare. Escalation matrices will be carefully crafted and curated along non-lethal and lethal domains to gain ascendency over each other.
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Russia constantly manipulates about the danger from NATO ("NATO is approaching Russia's borders"). Can someone answer the simple question "What interests NATO to attack Russia?" (what is the benefit and the benefit-risk ratio)
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I do not think that the NATO would attack Russia or Russia genuinely feels threaten by direct attack.
I think it is more about its position in geopolitics and about its sphere of influence. By containing the Russia and moving closer to its borders, the Russian Federation feels that it is becoming a power of second category with less of a say in international politics. By loosing of deterrence power against the west, its sphere of influence may be diminished also in other parts, like central Asia. If Russia would be seen as weak, states in its sphere of influence would look rather to China or the West.
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The expression "Je t'aime, moi non plus: I love you, neither do I", popularized by the song by Serge Gainsbourg and Jane Birkin in 1969, refers to tumultuous and contradictory relationships that can be strong, intense, see passionate, but, at the same time, imbued with uncertainties, doubts, and ambiguities that underlie real difficulties likely to make the relations complex unstable or even unhealthy. So "Je t'aime moi non plus" can somehow be applied to describe the Europe-Africa relations steeped in a common history that is not always brilliant and, in another register, to Europe-USA-ASIA relations where the Ego, the Culture, and the Will to Power sometimes lead to conflicting competitive situations.
It is therefore a very open subject on which I would like us to rub our points of view, ideas, and visions in order to promote serene and useful exchanges.
Map: Distribution Of Global GDP By Region. Source: https://i.redd.it/69vq5y55ks141.png
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Your phrase, "USA<-->Europe<-->Africa : Je t'aime, moi non plus!" suggests a complicated relationship between these continents, with a mix of love and indifference.
It could be interpreted as:
- A commentary on the complex historical, cultural, and political ties between these regions
- A reflection of the push-and-pull dynamics of globalization, trade, and migration
- A nod to the contradictions of international relations, where cooperation and conflict coexist
Well played!
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Puton has long stated he is in a war against the West, originally expressed in Cyber Warfare, which China conditionally supports: Modi of India, an apprentice tyrant, has long expressed prejudice against and defiance of the West, for the cessation of its hegemony, and at times, as recently, demonstrated his support of Putin.
African soldiers from countries often prejudiced against the West are now fighting in Ukraine, which they portray as an outlier of NATO following Putin's dire, mythical claims. Finally, Iran, Hamas, Hezbollah and North Korea.
Shouldn't we help Ukraine more?
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From certain points of view, it can be understood that way. From Russia's point of view, it can be understood that way.
But India also maintains good relations with the West. The relationship between the United States and India is one of the most strategic and important relations of the 21st century. Since 2014, strategic cooperation between the two nations has deepened, and India has been declared the United States' "principal defense partner."
India and France share long-standing cultural, commercial and economic ties. The strategic partnership between India and France, signed in 1998, has gained significant momentum over time and has now evolved into an even closer multilateral relationship, encompassing various areas of cooperation. ...
For China, the West is a great rival, but at the same time the EU and the US are important trading partners for Beijing.
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Washington and NATO
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A possible answer is that Russia perceives the War in Ukraine as a conflict between the 'West' and the 'East', because the USA and NATO (in adittion to the EU) have spent a large amount of money and ammunition in order to support Ukraine's fight against Russia. Thus, Russia is responding in the same way by arming the enemies of the' West' in terms 'the enemy of my enemy is my friend'.
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To WW3 or Not To WW3, That is The Question!... to Ask Scholars, in light of the devastating Wars currently shaking the World and threatening its Security. What Work of Pedagogy, Explanation, Teaching, and Analysis the Scholars of the World must undertake, to generate Peaceful Narratives likely to promote the Defusing of Current or Potential Conflicts in all Areas under tension. Twelve Paramount Red Spots have been inventoried [1]: (i) Europe vs. Russia (C1); (ii ) China vs. Taiwan (C2); (iii) South Korea vs. North Korea (C3); (iv) Pakistan vs. India (C4); (v) Japan vs. China (C5); (vi) Japan vs. North Korea (C6); (vii) Greece vs. Turkey (C7); (viii) Israel vs. Middle East (C8); (ix) U.S. vs. China (C9); (x) U.S. vs. Russia (C10); (xi) U.S. vs. Russia Allies in Latin America (Cuba, Nicaragua, and Venezuela) (C11); (xii) U.S. vs. Iran (C12). What are the Historical Facts that support these Conflicts? The Ins and Outs that drive them? the Global Security Issues they Involve? Possible and Impossible Solutions to Imagine? What Conciliation Steps should be put in place to Avoid Possible Escalations and Encourage Their Defusing? This Discussion, intended to be Academic, aims to Stimulate Reflections, Analyses, and Opinions, to constitute a Platform for Exchange between Scholars likely to bring about Prospects for Peace in the World.
[1] Ruiz Estrada & Mario Arturo, 2022 "Welcome to the World War 3 (WWIII), Available at SSRN
Illustration from: Explore Ww3. DeviantArt Galery on: https://www.deviantart.com/tag/ww3
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The decision to go to war involves complex geopolitical, economic, and diplomatic factors. It is important to engage in open dialogue, seek diplomatic solutions, and promote international cooperation to prevent conflicts from escalating into global wars.
If you are interested in understanding the perspectives of scholars, it's advisable to consult experts in international relations, political science, and history. Scholars often analyze geopolitical trends, historical precedents, and current events to provide insights into potential conflicts and avenues for resolution.
Remember that maintaining peace requires the collective efforts of nations, leaders, and citizens worldwide. Promoting understanding, tolerance, and cooperation on a global scale can contribute to a more stable and peaceful world.
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I would like to clarify a doubt: Could someone explain to me why Russia cries out that it does not want any NATO member country near its borders if Alaska is 4 km from Russia, in a 2h walk, and Canada and Greenland are also very near Russia?
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In elementary school, a geographer told us that it takes a very long time for a rocket to fly to Moscow from Alaska, but it does not take long to fly from any European country
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ATTENTION TO THE BRICS COUNTRIES, SCO COUNTRIES AND NATO COUNTRIES Who want to solve the humanitarian task of PRESERVING PEOPLE'S LIVES.
I, - the author of the theory of EARTHQUAKES GENESIS and the exact reliable method of short-term earthquake prediction - geophysicist Alexander Yagodin.
I suggest countries unite to save people's lives.
To solve this problem, I propose using the patent methods and systems I created and issued international patents in 2005 - 2007. This method has successfully passed the scientific tests of international experts and real tests of earthquake prediction in real conditions. If someone wants to apply and their own methodology, you understand that there are no analogs to such a complex and never will be.
I have a problem: I'm already 76 and I have an oncology problem. Those who spent two years of my life created the conditions for me when expecting honest cooperation, I lived without even the means to buy products that protect against oncology.
But let's not talk about "sad".
I can work, I can transfer the rights to the patent to the Global Center. For twenty years I have gained a lot of experience and the main respected seismologists of the world worked with me as experts:
prof. Strashimir Mavrodiev, prof. A.V. Nikolaev, prof. E.A. Rogozhin, with many, incl. with one of the employees of Keilis Borok, we tried to establish cooperation.
I have a lot of respect for the Chinese scientists who were the first to use animal complex prediction. And prof. A.V. Nikolaev also wrote about China as the first country to actually use forecasting.
Sincerely.
Alexander Yagodin.
I invite you all to contact me to create a Global Center and a Global Network. No country in the world has such reliable methods.
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On March 21, 2022 the EU endorsed the "Strategic Compass" a strategic document that provided a specific timeline for establishing a Rapid Deployment Capacity (RDC) of approximately 5.000 troops by 2025. On June 29, 2022 NATO also adopted its new Strategic Concept that encouraged the EU's autonomy. The same concept was promoted by the National Security Strategy of the US that was issued on October 12, 2022. Do you think that this actions will lead to the establishment of a EU Army? What parameters do you think that should be taken into consideration?
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The U.S. controls the EU and is already in NATO. No point in their own Army
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After approving Finland's accession to NATO, fears increase about its impact on security and stability on the borders with Russia, especially since Moscow has always refused to expand the alliance to approach its borders and lands.
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By joining NATO, Finland becomes more secure under the security umbrella of NATO. And NATO becomes even stronger by accepting Finland. Russia may concern about this development, but there is no possibility of a direct threat to its borders. Because no one dares to military attack a nuclear superpower such as Russia. The same is true for Russia too, even though it threatens some small NATO states rhetorically, but in reality, Moskow does not want to direct conflict with NATO because of the severe consequences that Russia has no capacity to bear it.
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How do you explain about NATO to a child who doesn't know about NATO ?
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Depends on the age. Simply ... "Once upon a time ..."
There was a neighborhood of houses. In one house, the family went crazy and became bullies. They started moving their fences into the yards of their next door neighbors. Everybody in the neighborhood saw what they were doing, but did nothing and hoped they would just stop. One day the crazy people broke into the neighbors houses and took them for themselves, one after the other - some neighbors up the street tried to help, but were also taken over or barely kept the bullies out. The neighbors down the street teamed up with the bullies for little while, but then the bullies tried to take over their house.
Eventually help from outside the street arrived and pushed the bullies back into their own house, and took away their clubs. Everybody's house were wrecked or burned down, and as the neighbors up the street rebuilt their houses they saw that one big neighbor down the street never left the house they helped take back from the bullies, and were acting the same way as the first bullies. So the neighbors up the street realized they were weak by themselves, but together were stronger than the new bullies, and agreed if one them were bullied all of up the street neighbors would come to help all at once at the same time. Some in the neighborhood didn't join at first, but eventually did, and some never did, but there is lot less bullying in the neighborhood.
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Recently, AUKUS military pact has been signed by the US, UK & Australia to counter China in the Indo-pacific region. QUAD alliance is already existing to counter China. Is the formation of AUKUS a result of weakening NATO? Can we do expect any reaction in the form of the new military alliance by china to retaliate against AUKUS?
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6 October MMXXI
Oh! You mean NATO was once strong?
Cordially...
ASJ
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NATO was a military organization established especially against the USSR. But how valid are the missions that such a gigantic organization has targeted itself after the dissolution of the USSR? Does NATO's current goals match the traditional organization? Are there still grounds for NATO's existence? If so, are they sufficient to demonstrate that NATO is reliable, deterrent and sustainable?
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Since the formation of NATO, it has not entered in to major conflict except cold war, which can't be interpreted as world war3. Recently NATO participated in Afghan war as US allies. Unfortunately, NATO didn't operate as single entity and unified force under single command. Most NATO countries' militaries were assigned comparatively easier theaters as they refused to conduct operation because their countries political system didn't authorize that. Furthermore, militaries of mostly NATO countries participated in building and road constructions tasks or tasks related to self defense. Most militaries operated under their respective law and authorization of legislature. American military commanders termed Militaries of NATO / EU countries as drag rather than support. Keeping in view experience of NATO in Afghanistan, it does qualify to be a RELIABLE PARTNER rather just a symbolic alliance.
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Need help with the question.
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The impact of NATO on actors of IR was very high until the 1990s. However, the collapse of the USSR greatly affected the importance of NATO and its influence on actors. It is necessary to reform NATO to meet contemporary challenges in the international arena.
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I'm a firtst year student in the Bachelor of Social Sciences at the VUB. I'm doing a liturature study about a subtopic of the Brexit. My subtopic is: The UK-EU relations in history. To go even more specific, I'm researching the relation between 2 specific countries in a specific time period, namely the 20th century and the Franco-British relation. The relation between the United Kingdom and France must have an underlying explanation that the Brexit happened. At the start of the EU, the UK wasn't included and was only a fan of the NAVO. When they wanted to join in the sixties, Charles de Gaulle used his Veto right 2 times against the British membership.
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Dear Rune Pieters,
There is a large literature on this issue. I find Thomas Risse's book "A Community of Europeans" particularly helpful; it focuses on the construction of identities in Europe and also includes a chapter on the matter you are interested in.
All the best,
Florian
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Standardization Agreements
STANAG 1171 (NATO Military Oceanographic and Rapid Environmental Assessment Support Procedures)
STANAG 2103 (Reporting Nuclear Detonations, Biological and Chemical Attacks, and Predicting and Warning of Associated Hazards and Hazard Areas (Operator’s Manual) – ATP-45(C))
STANAG 2507 (Allied Joint Doctrine for Meteorological and Oceanographic Support to Joint Forces)
STANAG 4044 (Adoption of a Standard Atmosphere)
STANAG 4061 (Adoption of a Standard Ballistic Meteorological Message)
STANAG 4082 (Adoption of a Standard Artillery Computer Meteorological Message)
STANAG 4103 (Format of Requests for Meteorological Messages for Ballistic and Special Purposes)
STANAG 4131 (Adoption of a Standard Character-by-Character Meteorological Message Format)
STANAG 4140 (Adoption of a Standard Target Acquisition Meteorological Message)
STANAG 6006 (NATO Maritime Meteorological Procedures and Services - AWP-1(C))
STANAG 6013 (NATO Meteorological Support Manual)
STANAG 6014 (NATO Meteorological and Oceanographic (METOC) Communications Manual)
STANAG 6015 (NATO Meteorological Codes Manual - AWP-4(B))
STANAG 6022 (Adoption of a Standard Gridded Data Meteorological Message)
Standards
AAP-06 (NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions (English and French))
AAP-15 (NATO Glossary of Abbreviations Used in NATO Documents and Publications)
AD 80-34 (Meteorological and Oceanographic (METOC) Services for Allied Command Operations)
AECTP-300 (Climatic Environmental Tests)
AJP-3.11 (Allied Joint Doctrine for Meteorological and Oceanographic Support to Joint Forces)
AMETOCP-2 (NATO Meteorological Support Manual)
AMETOCP-3 ED.A ((NATO Meteorological and Oceanographic (METOC) Communications Manual)
ATP-32 (NATO Military Oceanographic and Rapid Environmental Assessment Support Procedures)
ATP-45 (Warning and Reporting and Hazard Prediction of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Incidents (Operators Manual))
AWP-4(B) (Meteorological Codes Manual)
MC 0594/1 (Military Committee Policy on Meteorological and Oceanographic (METOC) Support to Allied Forces)
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STANAG 6015: NATO METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CODES MANUAL. This STANAG has consolidated STANAGs 4061, 4082, 4140 and 6022.
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Russia and Turkey's policies intersect at some point. In the events in Syria, in the perspective of various organizations in Syria, in the Eastern Mediterranean, Libya and Europe, these intersections are experienced in the energy lines. The downing of Russia's plane and the killing of its ambassador did not break relations. Be a member of NATO, Turkey does not adversely affect relations with Russia. Russia-Turkey relations will be shaped by how the process next time?
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Complicated, but as neighbours they should cooperate more instead of killing ambassadors and downing planes. After all the respective governments should represent their people on both sides.People don't want war, they prefer peace.
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Why do still many Western countries think that NATO bombing of Serbia in 1999 with depleted uranium was justified?
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Indeed depleted uranium is used as an anti-tank and anti-armoured vehicule weapons and, military speaking, it was justified at that time in light of the military reality on the groung because Serbian army used armoured vehicules. Also, in light of Jus in Bello, the use of such munitions was not illegal and it respected the principle of the military necessity in the frame of a proportional response. However, the NATO intervention was illegal in light of the Jus ad Bellum but this realty doesn't affect the legal character of the use of depleted uranium because according to international law, Jus in Bello and Jus ad Bellum are independent from each other.
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Currently, I am working on a thesis about Sweden-NATO partnership. My main question is what factors influence the perception of various political forces in the country towards NATO membership? Taking into consideration the fact that the country does not want to change its previous institutional decision, to my mind, Sweden should become a member if it can change its policy, because nowadays is under a threat. Furthermore, I am thinking of using path dependence theory as a reflector of the institutional traditions of this country. For this I need new materials, the speeches of government officials or the proof of changes in Sweden's foreign policy, as well as NATO perception.
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Thank you very much Mr. Motin
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Dear RG colleagues
Thanks for sharing your comments.
With best regards
Ijaz
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Self-determination
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Our educational institution - Department of Military Training of Odessa State Environmental University - is engaged in the field of military education for meteorologists to serve at the Hydrometeorological Service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Our Department belongs to Ministry of Defence of Ukraine.
Ukraine is adopting its military standards to existing NATO STANAGs (Standardization Agreements). In August 2017 Ministry of Defence of Ukraine had published its appropriate order (No. 450) that established the responsible structures and tasks for them concerning implementing basic NATO standards. Our Department was chosen responsible for standardization in the field of meteorological service.
We are highly interested in obtaining electronic copies of several standards: AD 80-34, AWP-4(B), AMETOCP-2, AMETOCP-3, STANAG 2507, STANAG 6013, STANAG 6014, STANAG 6015, STANAG 6022 (and other available "meteorological" STANAGs in action). That standards are not available on the site
FAQs for users at
contain the following message regarding STANAGs that are not published online:
Q. What do I do to get a copy of a Cover Document or Standard that is not available on the site? A. Find the contact for the responsible working group and request a copy (consider asking them to forward a copy to NSO as well).
Unfortunately, we could not find any information about contacts for Military Committee Working Group for Meteorology and Oceanography (MCWG (METOC)). Nonetheless, we have found the following information (published at
Col. Jan Círek has been Chief of Hydrometeorological Service of the Czech Armed Forces since 2012. He currently chairs to the NATO Military Committee Working Group for Meteorology and Oceanography. But this information can’t help us with the NATO "meteorological" STANAGs.
Could you be so kind and send us the following standards in the electronic form (which are unclassified):
AD 80-34, AWP-4(B), AMETOCP-2, AMETOCP-3, STANAG 2507, STANAG 6013, STANAG 6014, STANAG 6015, STANAG 6022?
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Dear Oleksandr Yeshanu ,
I am writing to inform you that I have one of them.
Please find attached document like as a PDF file.
I hope I have been of some help.
Best,
Andrija
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In Stephen Walt's terms; ‘‘ institutionalization means both the presence of formal organizations charged with performing specific intra-alliance tasks (such as military planning, weapons procurement and crisis management), and the development of formal or informal rules governing how alliance members reach collective decisions.’’
Starting from this very basic definition, counter-terrorism (CT) as a specific intra-alliance task institutionalized first; if there exist formal organizations within NATO charged with performing CT activities and second; if there exist formal and informal rules how the member states reach collective decisions upon the issues related to CT.
On the other hand, Stone Sweet et. al (2001) argue, ‘‘a policy arena is institutionalized when there exists a widely shared system of rules and procedures to define who actors are, how they make sense of each other’s actions, and what types of actions are possible.’’
By benefiting from Sweet's definition, Javier Argomaniz (2009) argued about the institutionalization of European Union cunter-terrorism.
By keeping these two definitions in mind, and from the very same point of view that Argomaniz has, I have two questions:
1) Can we argue that CT emerged as a specific policy arena within NATO after 9/11 ?
2) Can we argue that NATO has been institutionalized in CT (or CT has been instituionalized within NATO as an intra-alliance task) since 9/11 ?
These questions will be used for further research.
Thank You.
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Artur, I suppose you know what terrorism is - act of violence. And counter-terrorism is a fight against it, realized by institutions, countries, coalitions, etc.
But to the original question - I don´t think so, as members of NATO fight against terrorist only "on the eye", regardless it seems.
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The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDG) include Goal No. 16 which is peace. But among the 3637 UN SDG Partnership Projects only 48 are committed to reducing violence (see image).
The sad reason is that almost all UN SDG projects are driven by donors from the U.S and the NATO countries - those countries that refused to picking up UN negotiations for nuclear disarmament!
So can the Nobel Prize encourage further projects for peace? And what may being the content and aim of these projects?
Who else would like to seeing this as a breakthrough for peace?
What can, what will you contribute now?
I'm a director of one of those https://trustyourplace.com/
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As a first, it brought exposure both to the cause and those who didn't sign on, and that's a good thing!
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"Differing values and beliefs among countries can cause conflicts.Countries can come into conflict if they think their ideological beliefs are being threatened. An example of this is the Korean War fought between the communist North Korea and the democratic South Korea and their respective allies.
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Wars can start on trivial issues and escalate quickly depending on the level of acrimony between the hostile nations. There are instances when a war started with the killing of one person. The best example of such a war is the First World War which started with the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand,heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire who was killed for political gains but it quickly escalated into a war which engulfed the entire continent of Europe 
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It is obvious that since Russia aggression in Georgia (2008), Crimea Annexation (2014) that was followed by pro-Russian proxy war in East-Ukraine and Russia's involvement into Syrian civil war West to certain extend had failed to protect the values that is it was standing for. The question related to the future of West-Russian relations is still open and remains rather unclear. What would be the solution and what path West shall follow - return to "Business as Usual" with Russia or take more pre-emptive and active measures!
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Dear Edijs,
concerning the dependence the EU on NATO and NATO on American foreign politics I would wait till the new president of United states  will take a lead. 
anyway, realism is for me personally the most explainable theory of IR after Ukraine crisis.
if you need some reference, take a look at Tang, S. The Social evolution of IR. Oxford Uni.Press. this is also very good understanding.
best wishes, Patricia.
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Moscow and Ankara continue to contest the circumstances surrounding Turkey’s downing of a Russian jet over the Syrian border on 24 Nov.
Considering that Russia and Turkey have strong economic ties, and Russia is Turkey's largest importer, and this is another dispute with NATO after Crimea; what are the consequences of Turkish-Russian dispute over the downed jet?
Was Turkey justified in shooting down a Russian fighter jet?
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Thanks for providing your valid opinions and analysis.
I personally believe that it’s not very likely that Russia and Turkey engage in a direct war.
Since Ukrainian crisis that led to more conflicts between Russia and the West, this incident has truly escalated the existing dispute.
However since both Putin and Erdogan tend to show their authoritarianism won’t leave any action or reaction unanswered.
Generally speaking, 13 November Paris attacks which left 130 people dead, have received more global sympathy in compare with Russian plane crash in Sinai which killed 224 people while ISIS has taken responsibility for both. Hence, even if Russia tends to shoot down a Turkish jet over Syrian border, it wouldn’t wish to be the aggressor, and as long as Turkey counts on NATO’s support cannot be recognized as the aggressor either.
Given these points, Russia may increase its support to Syrian Kurdish groups and PKK, and perhaps there is a new chapter of neo-Cold War and more proxy wars in the region.
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Does anyone know where I can find current gender ratio statistics on joint NATO armed forces? Please help. All I can find is either 2001 or single data sets for individual countries. Thanks
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Thank you so much Kyle.
Writing to them may be an answer, as for some reason there is no combined data on gender ratio passed 2001 in any of their documents. There is something on gender ratio at HQ and other international bodies but that is it. Thank you once again. Anna
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How do the Western NATO members (e.g. USA, UK, FRA) understand the role of Eastern Europe members (e.g. Poland, Czech Rep.) within NATO and NATO's activities after the Ukraine crisis? How shall these countries build their reliability in NATO?
Building and developing the reliability of the country in NATO by e.g. the Polish Armed Forces has got two pillars: (1) self-defense capabilities to resist an armed attack within the strategic defensive operation in the territory of the country, and (2 ) will and ability to participate in activities of the Alliance.
Based on the assumption that only a country which (in the opinion of allies) is reliable (having sufficient self-defense potential and being able to actively and continuously participate in NATO operations, e.g. Ocean Shield), in case of emergency can count on significant support within the framework of collective defense (Article 5). 
What are the main capabilities influencing reliability?
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I'm not entirely sure that the insecurity of the eastern and southern European members of the alliance is fully appreciated.  In conversations I've had with eastern Europeans (mostly from Poland and the Baltics) they are profoundly disappointed with the Alliance for the simple reason that the 'West' doesn't take their concerns about Russia seriously enough.  The annexation of Crimea has probably changed that, but there is an unbridgeable divid:  they want the permanent stationing of NATO (read US) troops on their territory and many in the alliance are firmly against doing so (notably Germany).
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I am trying to find out whether conducting military operations without the approval and knowledge of US Congress is a new trend that started with the use of drones or have there been examples of it before?
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Hello,
It seems to me that already the first US military intervention against the Barbary pirates lacked Congressional approval but only had Jefferson's declaration of war. The latest military intervention in Libya seemed to lack full Congress support as described in below article.
Best,
Alex Tomic