Science topic
Myasthenia Gravis - Science topic
A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles. Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors damage the motor endplate portion of the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION, impairing the transmission of impulses to skeletal muscles. Clinical manifestations may include diplopia, ptosis, and weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles. THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1459)
Publications related to Myasthenia Gravis (10,000)
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This case describes a rare presentation of a 57-year-old woman diagnosed with both myasthenia gravis and Good's syndrome, linked to an underlying thymoma. The patient initially presented with worsening chest pain, muscle weakness, and respiratory symptoms. Imaging revealed a mediastinal mass, later confirmed as a thymoma. Following surgical resecti...
Background
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease mediated by autoantibodies primarily affecting the neuromuscular junction. This study aims to identify risk factors for pregnancy-related MG relapse and develop a predictive model to improve clinical outcomes.
Methods
We enrolled 113 MG female patients with a pregnancy history during follo...
Several international pharmacovigilance agencies have issued warnings regarding the potential risk of myasthenia gravis (MG) following statin therapy. Our study investigated this association using population-based electronic health records in Hong Kong. We conducted a sequence of target trial emulation (TTE) for interpersonal comparison and a self-...
Background and objectives:
Biologics that target pathogenic antibodies (Abs) and their effector functions such as the complement inhibitor ravulizumab and the neonatal Fc receptor agonist efgartigimod have recently been approved for the treatment of acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-Ab-positive myasthenia gravis (MG), but comparative studies are lacki...
Background: The relationship between different types of autoimmune diseases and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is inconclusive. Therefore, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine whether genetically predicted susceptibility to ten autoimmune diseases is associated with the risk of MDS.
Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) sig...
Purpose
To highlight the safety and efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ) in Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) combined with ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) patients refractory to steroids and cholinesterase inhibitor (CEI).
Methods
This was retrospective case series. We reviewed the health records of patients with GO combined with OMG, ten of whom were refracto...
A 41-year-old male with prior diagnosis of seronegative myasthenia gravis presented with complaints of bilateral ptosis, dysphagia, nasal voice and nasal regurgitation. Despite treatment with pyridostigmine, there was lack of significant improvement in the symptoms. Further investigations, including antibody assays and nerve conduction studies did...
Importance
Advancements in molecular engineering have facilitated the creation of engineered T cells that express synthetic receptors, termed chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). This is promising not only in cancer treatment but also in addressing a spectrum of other conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current approaches...
Autoimmune disorders (ADs) pose significant health and economic burdens globally, characterized by the body’s immune system mistakenly attacking its own tissues. While the precise mechanisms driving their development remain elusive, a combination of genetic predisposition(s) and environmental triggers is implicated. Interleukin-27 (IL-27), among nu...
Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by fatigue and muscle weakness. Previous research has noted a high incidence of psychological problems, particularly anxiety and depression, as well as alterations in sleep quality among patients with MG. The aim of this study was to assess depression, anxiety,...
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune disorder leading to abnormal fatiguability of muscles due to a deficiency of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) caused by circulating antibodies directed against them. MG presents as ocular MG and generalised MG. We present a 1-year 9-month-old female child presenting with bilateral ptosis, worsening by...
Perspectives on Selected Myasthenia Gravis Posters and Abstracts From the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AANEM)
Insufficient evidence exists to assess the effect of titin antibodies on nonthymoma myasthenia gravis (MG) treatment and prognosis. We analyzed whether titin antibody-positive patients with nonthymoma MG (non-TMG) have a higher frequency of hospitalization than those who are titin antibody-negative. We retrospectively analyzed patient data from Jan...
Introduction
Myasthenia gravis, which initially presents with prominent distal muscle weakness, is rare and is referred to as distal myasthenia gravis. Despite its clinical significance, the diagnosis of distal myasthenia gravis is often delayed or missed owing to mild and atypical symptoms.
Case report
We report the case of a 52-year-old ethnic H...
Impending myasthenic crisis (IMC) is an emergent situation requiring aggressive management to prevent patients from developing myasthenic crisis (MC) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Efgartigimod has been proved to be well tolerated and efficacious in MG patients. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of efgartigimod and intraveno...
Positioning head tilt (PHT) is a dynamic neurologic sign that occurs when the head tilts in the opposite side of a voluntary lateral turn of the head. Notably, a head tilt is absent when the head is held stationary or when the animal is moving forward. PHT is thought to be caused by a lack of inhibitory input to the vestibular nuclei due to dysfunc...
Background: Rituximab (RTX) and eculizumab (ECU) are treatment options for refractory myasthenia gravis (MG), but comparative clinical data derived from real-world experience are limited. Here, we describe the baseline characteristics, treatment, and safety outcomes of patients with antiacetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) generalized m...
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoantibody-mediated disease affecting the neuromuscular junction. We performed a genome-wide association study of 5708 MG cases and 432,028 controls of European ancestry and a replication study in 3989 cases and 226,643 controls provided by 23andMe Inc. We identified 12 independent genome-wide significant hits (P...
Background
Long-term survival outcomes are crucial for accurately determining the effectiveness of treatment in an indolent disease like thymoma. We aimed to analyze the clinical findings in terms of survival and relapse patterns with a median follow up of 105 months (8.7 years) in patients with thymoma and myasthenia gravis who underwent minimally...
Introduction: Myasthenia Gravis (MG) poses a huge challenge for any anesthetist in different terms of management. These patients require special terms of care in the pre, peri and post operative period. In this study we are addressing the anesthetic considerations for an MG patient with variable clinical symptoms and several medical conditions duri...
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Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most common condition affecting the neuromuscular junction. It is always considered to be a great mimicker, and the diagnosis can be quite challenging. It occurs due to antibodies attacking receptors in the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction. A key symptom of MG is muscle fatigable weakness, often impacting the oculo-...
Introduction
Patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) display strong treatment heterogeneity. Recent studies have indicated that low-dose steroids or immunosuppressants are effective. However, factors affecting the add-on of non-corticosteroid immunosuppressants to corticosteroids remain unknown.
Method
Consecutive patients with MG were retrospectivel...
Background
Immune checkpoint therapy associated myocarditis (ICT-My) is a fatal immune-related adverse event (irAE) with a reported mortality rate of up to 50%.1 2 Neuromuscular adverse events (NMAEs), including myositis and myasthenia gravis (MG), frequently occur concurrently with ICT-My and can lead to diaphragmatic weakness or paralysis.3–6 The...
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) use is associated with a spectrum of immune-related adverse event (irAEs) including myocarditis (MC), myositis (MYS) and myasthenia gravis (MG) - triple M overlap syndrome (TMOS). Individual case reports have highlighted the adverse prognosis of TMOS patients. We sought to evaluate clinical variables to...
Background and purpose
Few data are available on the course of myasthenia gravis (MG) regarding disease severity and stability over time in real‐world settings. This study used the French National Health Insurance Database (SNDS) to assess markers of disease severity in patients with MG longitudinally.
Methods
All patients with MG‐related claims i...
Key Clinical Message
This unique case of generalized myasthenia gravis shows sustained stability of a patient's condition for 3 years with eculizumab/ravulizumab treatment following 16 years of refractory disease. It highlights the long‐term effectiveness of C5 inhibitors in a real‐world setting, aiding physicians in their decision‐making for refra...
Background
Herpesvirus infections may trigger Autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases (ANDs), but their causal role is uncertain. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal effects of herpesvirus antibodies on ANDs.
Methods
We assessed 22 herpesvirus antibodies and five ANDs—multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (N...
A great proportion of neuromuscular diseases are immune-mediated, included myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, acute- and chronic-onset autoimmune neuropathies (anti-MAG neuropathy, multifocal motor neuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndromes, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, CANDA and autoimmune nodopathies), a...
Ocular Myasthenia Gravis (OMG) is a rare and challenging disease to detect in its early stages, but symptoms often first appear in the eye muscles, such as drooping eyelids and double vision. Ocular images can be used for early diagnosis by segmenting different regions, such as the sclera, iris, and pupil, which allows for the calculation of area r...
Background
Research shows that thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis (MG) patients exhibit immunological imbalances, including anomalies in immune indicators. The link between these abnormalities and thymectomy outcomes is not well-understood. This study aims to assess the impact of immunological markers like T helper (Th)17 cells, regulatory T (Tre...
The terminal complement inhibitor eculizumab is approved in the USA for the treatment of patients with acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis (MG). The ELEVATE study aimed to examine clinical-practice outcome data on eculizumab effectiveness in US adults with MG (generalized or ocular). This paper reports the finding...
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by the premature activation of pancreatic enzymes leading to autodigestion and inflammation, commonly caused by gallstones or chronic alcohol consumption. However, iatrogenic factors, such as migration of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube, can be a cause of acute pancreatitis but are less frequentl...
This study used network meta-analysis (NMA) to inform and compare the number needed to treat (NNT), number needed to harm (NNH), and cost per improved outcome (CPIO) associated with more recently approved treatments for anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (anti-AChR Ab+) generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG).
Clinical trials of neonatal Fc...
Background
As targeted drug development in myasthenia gravis (MG) continues to advance, it is important to compare the efficacy of these drugs for better clinical decision-making. However, due to the varied regimens and dosages used in clinical trials for different drugs, a standardized comparison between them is necessary.
Methods
This study enro...
Lower urinary tract dysfunction often occurs after various neurological disorders and significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Studies on myasthenia gravis (MG) are scarce, and most of them are case reports associated with symptoms such as overactive bladder, incontinence, and urinary retention.
The authors present the case of a 68-year-old...
Objectives: Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder that can exacerbate for various reasons, including vaccination and infection. This study aimed to investigate the safety of COVID-19 vaccines for MG patients, factors influencing MG exacerbation after COVID-19 infection (MECI), the course and prognosis of MECI, and the impact of COVID-19...
Background: Stress has been known as a risk factor for the onset and modification of autoimmune disorders such as myasthenia gravis (MG). However, the patients can control their stress and improve their quality of life (QOL) using some factors such as psychological and social support. Psychological capital and social support play a key role in decr...
Background and purpose
Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis (MG) with respiratory failure requires intensive care. We aimed to study the risk factors for intensive care unit admission for MG exacerbation and myasthenic crisis (MC) and the prognosis of people with MG (pwMG) thereafter.
Methods
This retrospective study investigated patients in the Hels...
Numerous clinical trials for myasthenia gravis (MG) treatment have been conducted recently, with satisfactory cognitive and clinical results. However, due to the limited evidence for direct comparison of the safety and effectiveness of various drugs, there is a need for further exploration of the advantages and disadvantages of different monoclonal...
Background
Grilled Nux Vomica (GNV) is a promising traditional Chinese medicine to treat myasthenia gravis (MG), but its effects and mechanisms need further exploration.
Methods
Experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) model was established by muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) induction on C57BL/6 J mice. Mice were treated with GNV and/or ruxolitinib (JAK2 i...
Objective
The aim of this study is to ascertain whether COVID‐19 Omicron infection is associated with exacerbations in these myasthenia gravis (MG) patients.
Result
In total, 289 MG patients (comprising 60% females, with an average age of 46 ± 15 years) were enrolled. A total of 80.9% of MG patients reported a COVID‐19 infection, with the majority...
Objective Dysphagia is a common and disabling symptom in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Moreover, it is caused by muscle weakness or fatigability in the pharynx, swallowing, and respiration discoordination. The current study aimed to establish a novel method for evaluating swallowing difficulty in patients with MG.
Methods The ventilation pa...
Myasthenia gravis (MG), a rare autoimmune disorder, presents a complex pathogenesis involving various immune molecules. The modification of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulates diverse immune metabolic and immunopathological processes; however, its role in MG remains unclear. We downloaded dataset GSE85452 from the GEO database to identify differenti...
บทนำ โรคไมแอสทีเนียกราวิส เกิดจากความผิดปกติของระบบภูมิคุ้มกัน ส่งผลให้กล้ามเนื้ออ่อนแรง ถึงขั้นเกิดภาวะวิกฤติการหายใจล้มเหลวได้ อีกทั้งอาการกำเริบของโรคที่ไม่สามารถคาดเดาได้ ยังส่งผลกระทบต่อการดำเนินชีวิตด้านร่างกายและจิตใจ ทั้งกิจวัตรประจำวัน การทำงาน การมีปฏิสัมพันธ์ทางสังคม รวมถึง ความรู้สึกต่อตนเองในเชิงลบ ส่งผลต่อคุณภาพชีวิต ดังนั้นการทำความเ...
El difícil manejo de los síntomas depresivos en un paciente con miastenia gravis: reporte de caso Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología. 2025; 5:984 ABSTRACT Introduction: depression in patients with Myasthenia Gravis (MG) can be multifactorial, involving biological, psychological, and social factors. Depressive manifestations may arise as a result of the em...
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is unusually susceptible to disease in aging humans. Both primary autoimmune and paraneoplastic disease target the presynaptic and postsynaptic portions of the NMJ, leading to well-defined syndromes, including Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and myasthenia gravis. Primary immune disease has a bifid incidence peak,...
Background
Efgartigimod was approved in Japan in January 2022 for the treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), regardless of antibody status. This case series describes a real-world experience in Japan of efgartigimod treatment for gMG patients with diverse backgrounds.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 16 Japanes...
Analysis of real-world data (RWD) is attractive for its applicability to real-world scenarios but RWD is typically used for drug repurposing and not therapeutic target discovery. Repurposing studies have identified few effective options in neuroinflammatory diseases with relatively few patients such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is...
Background
Real-world data were employed to determine clinical characteristics of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) with differing degrees of muscle weakness, as defined using the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) classification system.
Methods
Data were drawn from the Adelphi MG Disease Specific Programme (DSP)™, a multinational (...
Background and Clinical Significance: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment but may underlie diverse and potentially life-threatening immune-related adverse events (irAEs). They may cause various conditions leading to respiratory failure, including myasthenic syndromes and myositis. However, diaphragmatic paralysi...
Immunotherapy is increasingly used in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), offering a significant anti-tumor response, as well as causing rising immune-related adverse effects. The incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis–myositis–myasthenia gravis is increasing and particularly concerning due to its high mortality rate....
Background
This study aimed to describe treatment patterns in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) in France.
Methods
A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using the French National Health Data System (SNDS) database between 2008 and 2019. MG patients were identified using ICD-10 codes during hospitalization and/or long-term disease. We de...
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Background
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease that causes muscle weakness in 80% of patients, most of whom test positive for anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies (AChR-Abs). Predicting and improving treatment outcomes are necessary due to varying responses, ranging from complete relief to minimal improvement.
Objective
Our st...
We present a case of Q fever in a 77-year-old autonomous male with a complex medical history. The patient, immunocompromised due to azathioprine and prednisolone use for myasthenia gravis, also suffered from diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and severe asthma. Despite no history of animal contact or travel to endemic regions, the patient developed...
Background and purpose
Health care resource utilization (HCRU) and the economic burden of myasthenia gravis (MG) are significant, but existing studies rarely include comprehensive nationwide data. We examined HCRU and direct and indirect costs associated with MG overall and by disease severity in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.
Methods
Data were col...
