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Motor Development - Science topic

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see above
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Very important subject
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I am planning a study on the effect of special interventions on the motor development of children from two upper and lower socioeconomic Status . I would need some references that determine the role of SES in effectiveness of intervention for children.
I'd appreciate your suggestions.
Thank you,
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See this article
Factors in the Effectiveness of Early Childhood Intervention for Low Socioeconomic Status Families
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 How can we calculate the winding's turn number and slot number in brushless dc motor design with all electrical and magnetic considerations?
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Sure sir.
1. Wattage of motor - 20 kw (Peak)
2. Input voltage - Not yet decided
3. No. of slots and Pole of motor - Not yet decided. Need some guidance to fix this parameters.
The requirement of torque is 240 Nm peak and max rpm is 1600 rpm. The motor needs to be really compact for a in hub assembly. Please guide me for fixing the initial parameters like no. of pole pairs, slots, pitch etc. Please suggest any literature if any. The motor will be having 3 phases.
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I would also appreciate some help with the PWM circuitry.
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It depends on several constrains and specifications. For example, in small size, light duty vehicles PM machines (including brushless DC and AC drives) are the common selection, however induction machines are also used, while in the large traction systems such as trains, ships, etc induction motors are more usual. Meanwhile, I think the following articles can give you a good insight into your question.
Regards
Driving Toward Accessibility
Electrical Motor Drivelines in Commercial All-Electric Vehicles: A Review
Motors/generators for traction/propulsion applications: A review
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Young children nowadays are often restricted in their play as modern societal living often fails to encourage outdoor play / gross motor development / physical activity etc.
I need a study/piece of literacture which indicates this finding.
Any other related research would also be very welcomed!
Please and thank you.
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Perhaps these studies of context-related motor development can help you.
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With changing pedaling technique, or with forced supramax training, or mental training, or changing seat position, etc.?
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How can you improove your top speed? What is the most efficient method to be faster?
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Hello all,
I am looking for validated instruments that measure balance (side-by-side, semi-tandem and tandem stance), gait (3 meter walking), chair rise (5x) and "walking - turning 180° - walking back" in people with dementia.
Unfortunately, the Short Physical Performance Battery and the Timed Up and Go Test are not validated for dementia patients. 
I would be very grateful if you could help me out!
Thanks in advance,
Corinna
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ONe leg standing and Monica van Eijk has in here thesis CRAMPS this test little correct esepcially in time. Rikli and Jones have test of 7 itens that all are possible by dementia p[atients and give an view what this patient can compare with even old individuals with no dementia
TUG test is possible and the BBS is possible but often to ngreat for dementia patient to do in one time
I further try to investigated the perception and the only test that was good possible was the test for the gnostic sense with an tuning fork.
succes
jan van de Rakt
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In our study we have a small sample and need to create subgroups of the GMFCS levels. Is there a generally excepted way to do this?
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Hi,
I have already been in contact with CanChild :) Good to hear that we had the same thoughts. They stated that many people group levels I and II, III, and IV and V, and recommended words like 'ambulatory', partially mobile and wheelchair users to describe the groups.
Thank you for your responses!
Kine
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The test is developed for more or less typically developing infants age 3-18 months.
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Dear Kine,
I found an interesting paper which I believe that can help you. It's deal directly with your subject, however there are some possibilities to analyze it. Look, specially this following paper <Sampling an sample size calculation> The NIHR Research Design Service for the Yorkshire and The Humber.
I hope this helps.
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Hey there, I'm currently writing my graduation paper and I have a chapter where I have to compare the normal development with the development of a child with DCD.
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Look for attributions of Moto Miyahara  Otago University Dunedin NZ
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We are working on build a scale to evaluate motor development at a first division soccer school in Brasil.
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Thanks to Behdad
What are your goals after building the FMS scale? What are the objectives on the soccer players?
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Articles after 2012 are interesting to me! Thank you!
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Today I saw the circuit box of my Single phase borewell motor. It had 3 capacitors one was written as start capacitor and two of 50Mfd capacitors. I know we need a start capacitor and a run capacitor for motor working but here the two capacitors of 50Mfd were connected during the motor running and one capacitor had a parallel resistor to it while the other didn't have any resistor with it.my question is why do we need 3 capacitor while we can use only two capacitors?
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A single phase motor with a capacitor connected in series with its auxiliary winding will attain a power factor close to 1.0 by virtue of the connected capacitor because the current in the auxiliary winding is leading, while the main winding current is lagging. Why use another capacitor to "improve" the power factor ?
In fact if a pf capacitor is used, it will lead to degradation of pf due to excess leading var !
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I am specifically looking to see if the literature says they enhance the development of fine motor skills, specifically pincer grasp for writing or not. I am finding it hard to get anything from searches as I'm not sure what key terms to use.
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Merisa:
Have a look at these studies on your topic in ResearchGate:
I extend best wishes for every success with your research.
Kind regards,
Debra
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Do stator poles and rotor poles on the generator must be equal?
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hi
you can see attached file
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I have a project on nine phase self excited induction generator and have to use a 3 phase 1.5 KW AC motor which must be re winded to a 9 phase must use integer winding.winding. I'm having a tough time with calculations.  
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It may not be possible. Since the amount of slots of the machine must be
Q = 2p m q
where 2p is amount of poles (even number)
m is the amount of phases (m=9)
and q is the amount of slots per pole and phase.
I presume, that you would like to make a winding with an integer q, at least q = 1 - this means, that your motor must have the amount of slots divideable by 9 and (at least) 2.
The result is, that for these conditions you may calculate a nine phase winding only in stator with 18, 36, 48 etc. slots.
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In  my practical application requirement i want higher torque and at lower speed motor is  it possible to design a normal PERMANENT MAGNET DC MOTOR to a high torque dc motor with change some modifications in winding and permanent magnets ?   
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Dear Shiva, a high torque and low speed motor includes many material. The relationship between power and mass is unflattering. The number of pole pairs is very high.
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In the last years I have studied how CNS and Spinal Cord interact for generating a reaching movement.
I'm writing on the current opinions about how CNS controls reaching movements. Because there are a lot of different positions about this topic i want to be sure that no one is omitted in my thesis.
So, in your opinion, which are the parameters encoded by the motor cortex in a motor command? Or, in other words, how CNS controls reaching movements?
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Seeing the inductance profiles one can judge the ripple and its minimization. Are there any other approaches?
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There are two main authors in the field - Timothy Miller and Ramu Krishnan. You can check these books:
In order to precisely control the SRM you must build a mathematical model of the motor using the Finite Element Method or some intelligent method like an Artificial Neural Network or Fourier Series for approximation of the stator inductance. The torque ripples are a direct effect of the electrostriction and magnetostriction effects which are due to the saliency of the poles. A direct method to minimize them would be to have a mathematical description of the stator inductance which is a function of 3 varibles - the angular position of the rotor, the current through the coil and the temperature. An indirect method would be to build an algorithm for sensorless control which follows the current profile - the shape of the current can tell you alot about the exact moment of phase switching.
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How I can identify the working of PMSM according to the angle obtained from rotor position sensor? For example, suppose the angle is 30 degrees, how can I know which phases are conducted?
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Hi,
Connect DC current supply plus to one of the phases and the minus to another. Increase the current until the rotor moves and then stops. Read the shaft angle. Repeat with other phase combinations. Now you know what angle corresponds to all possible states of the converter.
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I am looking into a 3D-experiment on spatial awareness. The software we want to use can either be projected using a 3D-TV (active shutter, at least 1920x1080, 65") or a 3D-projector (DLP link, refresh rate min 120z).
However, the question is, what is the better solution for high qualitative presentation of the stimuli. Does anyone have experience with the different setups? Are  there any studies comparing both projection modes?
Thanks for the help
Nadja
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Hi Nadja,
size really matters when it comes to 3D and perception. Stick to the projector and be aware that a rearprojection is the best solution for this case (subject standing in front of the screen). You should go with the priorities: a) 3d quality b) image size c) image quality (color...).
Daniel
PS: human vision range is about 180° x 120°.
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We have a small BLDC motor(160W) and the load of the motor is constant. I want to control the speed of the rotor.
We don't have access to the rotor, so we should use sensorless method, but we have problem in detecting the rotor position.
The motor is 4 poles and 3 phase BLDC.
Can anybody help us?
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Additional to the first answer this link might help a little bit to distinguish the different states of commutation and so on:
Page 15ff
Regards
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Elective orthopeadics, OA , post op athroplasty.
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I agree with the previous comments and i want to add some others. Indeed the time required to obtain a muscle strength at 4 or 5/5 depends on the joint and the location of the muscle. globally the mean recovery period is of 4 weeks for the hip and 6 weeks for the knee. Special attention should be given to hip stabilizers (specially the gluteus medius) that take longer to recover.   
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Hi there, I have been using the BOT-2 to test Motor Skill of Children. Unfortunately, some careless undergraduate student's have "misplaced" the red laminated target which is part of the kit. I cant seem to find the option to buy a replacement target Pearson Clinical. Id appreciate it if anyone could give me the measurements for the target as I cant seem to find them listed in the manual either. 
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It is 25 cm
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I have a brushed DC motor, with unknown parameters (R,L, J, ...)
How I can determine the parameters of such motor by using the output shaft speed vs input voltage?
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Hi Hesham.
To obtain the unknown parameters you can follow two procedures (That I can think of, right now): automatic parameter identification (Matlab's identification toolbox is very handy here), or manually by using the response of the motor (speed) to the step/ramp impulse (voltage). 
For automatic identification, you design different voltage stimuli to the motor, record the speed, save both in a file, and then input that file to Matlab (command: ident). Matlab will find a transfer function that describes closely the input/output data you entered. Check this: http://www.mathworks.com/videos/data-driven-control-system-identification-70897.html
For manual procedure I would recommend this:  http://www.hindawi.com/journals/mse/2012/189757/
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I am thinking of using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 to assess motor development in very preterm infants <34w. What is your opinion of these scales for this purpose? Any pitfalls or problems I should be aware of?
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Peabody scale separately in 16 age group and from birth to 83 months assess gross and fine motor skills.
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Is it important to start the gold-sprint race? What is the correct knee angle at start (left, and right)? What is the correct position of the pedals? When you are pedalling with high rpm, what is the correct range of knee angles? What is the differential knee angle range in which the sprinter can achieve the best or optimal highest rpm? How to define it? What do you set to reach these angles (seat position or pedal touching point)? How to improve the mentioned parameters with setting the body position (more forward or backward –why)? Is it important to change the main working bundle of muscles load or to charge both all the way (quadriceps or iliopsoas)?
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Dear Sandor,
As far as I know, the seat of the bike should be set as follows : when the subject sits on the bike and put the pedal to the lowest position , the knee should be fully extended , it should be an angle of about 160 degrees . In this position , the angle between the foot and lower leg must be between 90-120 degrees .
In this setting seat height provides comfort for the subject , although it is not found to affect the mechanical efficiency (ratio of mechanical work performed and the energy consumption of the work ) . This is a position that we use when performing Astrand test on a cycle ergometer for measuring aerobic capacity .
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Requirements for the test: (a) it should yield age equivalent scores, (b) it should cover the (developmental) age range of 3 years to about 16 years.
I am familiar with the Movement ABC 2, but unfortunately this test does not provide age equivalents.
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Another optional solution might be rescaling the results of different tests (done at different age ranges) into one scale, so that you can compare between them and look at the results longitudinally. I have done that with the Bayley and the Bruininks in my paper: Shafir et al., (2006) Effects of iron deficiency in infancy on patterns of motor development over time. Human Movement Science, 25(6), 821-838. (PMC1993818)
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I'm a Motor Behavior's Ph.D. student. My interest is how performance in fundamental skills changes with age (children, adolescents and adults). l am having troubles finding articles in this area. I need some recommendations of authors or studies in this area.
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I think you can also check the work done by Dale Ulrich who created a test called TGMD II to test the development of gross motor skills and for which you will find quite a lot of litterature about a large age range.
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While the inverted-U hypothesis claim the individual should experience a moderate level of arousal to achieve a high level of performance, the drive theorists argue that the higher levels of arousal results in better performance. Reversal theorists assume that individuals interpret arousal differently depending on their present state and that the interpretation affects their performance. Catastrophe theorists predict that a sudden and abrupt drop in performance occurs as arousal get beyond the optimal level; and theorists of the zones of optimal functioning argue that for best performances to occur, athletes may need individualized optimal levels of arousal and other emotions. tThe present model predicts that, for best and peak performances to occur, athletes need only to create an arousal level similar to the one they have experienced throughout training sessions. For peak performance, athletes do not need to have high or low arousal levels. It is important that they create the same level of arousal throughout training sessions and competition. In other words, high levels of arousal can be beneficial if athletes experience such heightened levels of arousal during some consecutive training sessions. Similarly, low levels of arousal can be beneficial if athletes experience such low levels of arousal during some consecutive training sessions.
With all my heart, I would like to invite the specialists in the field of sport psychology and motor behavior to provide me with their professional comments because I am trying to enhance the model. Besides, I announce my full readiness to share the knowledge of the field with the specialists and investigators (specifically, MA and PhD students in the field of psychology, sport psychology and motor behavior).
Please find the article at:
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Hi Matteo
Thank you for your nice comment
I could send you the article if you provide me with your email address.
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We have dynamic gait stability for locomotion in gait that is quantified in some ways such as dynamical system theory and inverse pendulum. I am asking to know how we can quantify "equilibrium,balance,postural stability without locomotion"(without moving).
And then how about the above terms in some difficult balance motions like the ones are done in ballet dancing?
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To expand on the above responses, if you consider instability to be the potential for an involuntary loss of balance, and a loss of balance to be an involuntary displacement of the center of mass beyond the base of support, then I might recommend virtual time to contact measures. These measures are continuous measures that calculate the time at which the CoM would reach the boundary of the BoS by evaluating the trajectory, velocity, and sometimes the acceleration of the CoM or CoP relative to the distance of the CoM or CoP to the boundary of the BoS along that trajectory. It has been used to evaluate balance in neurologic, musculoskeletal, and aging populations.
I'd recommend Wheat et al., Gait & Posture, 2012 not only because it evaluates the reliability of the TTC measures, but also because it references important articles that have defined different methods of calculation.