Science topics: Motion Capture
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Motion Capture - Science topic

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I am conducting an experiment on overground walking and studying Maximum Lyapunov Exponent (MLE) for gait stability using kinematic data from a motion capture system. My objective is to optimize the time delay and embedding dimension parameters for MLE calculation in the AP, ML, and VT directions.
I am considering using Bayesian Optimization for parameter tuning. Has anyone applied Bayesian Optimization for nonlinear dynamics or biomechanical studies involving motion capture data? What challenges or considerations should I keep in mind, especially for overground walking experiments? Also, I would appreciate any suggestions for suitable toolkits or frameworks for this optimization process.
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Bayesian optimization is a powerful statistical technique that's increasingly being applied to various optimization problems, including hyperparameter tuning for machine learning models. While I couldn't find a specific reference to its use in overground gait analysis using a motion capture system and focusing on time delay and embedding dimension selection, it's a highly plausible application given its advantages.
Why Bayesian Optimization is a Good Fit for Gait Analysis
  1. Expensive Function Evaluations: Gait analysis experiments can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. Bayesian optimization can efficiently explore the parameter space while minimizing the number of costly evaluations.
  2. Non-Convex Optimization Landscape: The relationship between time delay and embedding dimension and the performance of gait analysis models can be complex and non-convex. Bayesian optimization can handle such scenarios effectively.
  3. Uncertainty Quantification: Bayesian optimization provides uncertainty estimates for the predicted performance, allowing for more informed decision-making.
Potential Benefits of Using Bayesian Optimization in Gait Analysis
  • Improved Model Performance: By finding optimal time delay and embedding dimension values, Bayesian optimization can enhance the accuracy and generalization of gait analysis models.
  • Reduced Experimentation Time: By efficiently exploring the parameter space, Bayesian optimization can accelerate the development and tuning of gait analysis systems.
  • Enhanced Understanding: Bayesian optimization can provide insights into the sensitivity of the model to time delay and embedding dimension, aiding in the interpretation of results.
While I couldn't find a direct reference, the potential benefits and the applicability of Bayesian optimization to gait analysis make it a promising avenue for future research.
If you're interested in exploring this further, I recommend:
  • Searching for research papers or conference proceedings related to gait analysis, machine learning, and Bayesian optimization.
  • Consulting experts in the field of gait analysis or machine learning.
  • Experimenting with Bayesian optimization tools and libraries (e.g., Hyperopt, Optuna) to see how they can be applied to your specific gait analysis problem.
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Hello all,
I'm starting a project where we want to automate the video analysis of people working in different environments to produce ergonomic measures like hip flexion, shoulder extension, etc. We already tested some AI-based libraries like OpenPose, MMPose, Mediapipe, etc.
One of the project's objective was to estimate the precision and robustness of these vision solutions compared to some ground truth obtained by physical MoCap systems like the Movella system, previously known as XSens.
The problem is that the price of the Movella system, 8,500USD for hardware and 13,500USD/year for software, is way too high for our limited expected usage (maybe 1 month?). Do you know of some other MoCap systems that might be appropriate for this usage?
Note: We don't need a system so robust as to resist a fight scene motion capture.
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Dear Martin
Thank you for your question, it enforces me to read and know more about this topic.
I always use mobile camera and Kinovea computer software to analyze posture and motions, I do not know if this will help you.
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Dear Mr,
I am writing to request the withdrawal of my paper titled "Fusion-Based Approach to Enhance Markerless Motion Capture Accuracy for On-Site Analysis" from the ResearchGate platform.
While this work has been submitted to the Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, I have not requested its publication as a preprint. I prefer to keep my idea confidential until I receive acceptance from the journal. Therefore, I kindly ask you to remove my paper from ResearchGate as soon as possible.
Once I have received acceptance from the journal, you will have the right to publish it on your platform.
Thank you for your understanding and cooperation in this matter.
Best regards
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Dear Souheyl Mallat First do realise that you write to the open Q&A forum of RG and not to anyone of the RG team.
Second, are you sure about the title? Since there is a conference paper with the exact title:
Fusion-Based Approach to Enhance Markerless Motion Capture Accuracy for On-Site Analysis
Best regards.
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motion capture systems can be wide range of methods but understanding how the mane systems work can help to understand how we can provide the low cost methods for biomechanical labs and took the reliable data
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Hy fellows,
High speed video movie camera and 3 software for video acquisition (180f/s), video processiNg using special technique for AMX radar and a displaing software to create and print the gait spectrum Analoc-E is a NON INVASIVE SYSTEM FOR HORSE LOCOMOTION ANALYSIS.
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Hi, I am looking to performing a regression analysis with the CATREG function in SPSS. Some of the guides I have found online use terminology I am unfamiliar with so I was wondering if anyone had advice on some of the practical steps involved. All help is hugely appreciated!
Task description: Expert and Amateur drummers performed a series of drumming tasks at five different speeds (80, 160, 240, 320, 400 hits per minute). Motion Capture was used to record arm/hand/stick movements, and forearm muscular activity recorded with EMG. A questionnaire was used to collect information about participants’ practice history.
Aim: The aim is to investigate if performance characteristics (e.g., variability in timing) can be predicted by physiological variables (EMG, movement patterns) and practice history variables.
Analysis: I have 8 predictor variables, and 1 outcome. To my knowledge, CATREG has less emphasis on assumptions (normality, etc.) and is a supported alternative to dummy-coding categorical variables. I believe that makes it a viable choice for our aim.
However, I am still uncertain on some points. Would anyone be able to advise on the following? -
1. Is CATREG only appropriate if your outcome/dependent variable is categorical? In my case the DV is continuous.
2. In regards to scaling/discretization, am I correct that numerical predictors do not require specific scaling, only nominal /ordinal ones? If this is correct, are the following SPSS scaling options for each variable ok?
  • For the variable 'expertise' (2 levels: Scaling is Ordinal, Descretization is Grouping Normal 2)?
  • For variable 'Tempo' (5 levels, Scaling is nominal, Descretization is Grouping Uniform 5)
Thanks!
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I am trying to find buy a sEMG system which best syncs with Vicon motion capture system.
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I used Noraxon EMG with Vicon
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I am looking for a Markerless Motion Capture System that allows me to objectively measure the following parameters during the execution of a functional test battery for the lower extremities:
- Knee valgus/varus degrees
- Pelvic tilt/alignment degrees
- Trunk frontal/sagittal displacement degrees
- Ankle Eversion/Inversion Degrees or Internal/External tibia rotation degrees
- Shoulder Tilt/Alignment degrees
I revised online and got out with it:
- Microsoft Kinect v2 is the only one validated in the literature, but difficult to use because of the complicated softwares.
- Kinetisense, unfortunately not already validated in literauture but the best choice in terms of available tests to perform (everything you need to perform is possible).
- Human Trak by Vald Performance, not already validated in literature, in addition it has a strict range of tests to perform.
Do you have any recommendations?
I am looking forward for your expertize and answers!
Thanks in advance
Best regards
Giordano Scinicarelli
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I think theia3d is glowing ✨ these days
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Hi
1. We want to buy a new system. I am familier with Vicon and Qualisys mocap systems. Coda motion and motion analysis systems are also under consideration. Does anyone has experience with Motion Analysis Inc and Coda Motion mocap systems? Which one you is better for a general purpose life science motion analysis Lab?
2. In Vicon systems we are limited to the vicon plugin gait model mostly. As I know bodybuilder is not an easy to use software but I do not know about the new software developed by Vicon, procalc. Do anyone worked with procalc? What about the skeleton builder of Motion Analysis ?
3. We have a limited space (9 by 6 meter room) and I also want to know if having 3 coda trackers could do the job as 8 cameras of other systems ( because of budget limitations we can atmost buy 8 cameras for passive systems or 3 active trackers each having 3 embeded cameras ). We can not put the trackers in 120 degree distance around the center of capture volume and I am not sure if 3 trackers would be enough.
4. Also I want to know which system is the best for real time data streaming to matlab or labview. We want to use the system for giving real time kinematic feedback to the subject and use the system for biofeedback test and  training also for augmented and virtual reality base rehabilitation purpuses.
Sorry for asking 4 questions in one comment. And thank you for sharing your ideas
Bests
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I just came across this old question; I am sure you have your answer by now but since others might Google "Vicon vs Qualisys" and land on this page, I share my opinion. I have worked with both Vicon and Qualisys and in my experience Qualisys was easier to work with. The Vicon system I used had active LED markers which at first sound great because each marker blinks at unique frequency hence not confused with the other markers. After I used it I realized that wiring was more challenging that I had thought (e.g. wire entanglements impede user's motion etc) more importantly if the power to the marker is interrupted you'd loose the LED marker in your data. The latter problem did not seem so prominent during data collection however when I was analyzing the data, I discovered that the data were missing on many long (3 sec or longer) time intervals which would make it impossible to interpolate. I did not experience either of the abovementioned issues working with a Qualisys system with passive markers.
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Hi,
I am gap-filling motion capture trials using Vicon Nexus. Typically, this is a very straightforward process. However, one of our test subjects is very difficult to gap fill because the marker label quality seems poor. For example, the markers more frequently become unlabeled or swapped throughout the trial. I noticed that the number of trajectories for this participant is extremely high (~2,000). Does this mean there is reflective material being picked up and causing a 'labeling' confusion? Are there ways to reduce the number of trajectories to a much smaller number so that the number of trajectories is closer to the number of desired testing markers in the capture volume? I appropriately masked the cameras and calibrated them before collecting data.
Thanks,
David Hollinger
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Hi David, that’s a common problem for me as well. You may try and right click on a ghost trajectory and choose to completely delete it from your recordings. It may also help to not auto-label but manually label the first frame while selecting the forwards mode (between the forward/backward options), and move frame by frame doing adjustments and deletions until the end of the recording.
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Dear All,
I have some idea on testing the MoCap across the mocap labs. Therefore, I am looking for normal human range-of-motion sequences from different MoCap studios at best Vicon Blade 53 marker setup or Nexus 39 marker setup.
I have direct access to well equipped lab in Poland. I know also that CMU has some RoM recordings, but most of the datasets contain just actions.
Any ideas?
best
PS
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No problem, just trying to help! I think that finding a complete patient RoM of various joints of the body in he same acquisition will be difficult. Literature shows various work with specific body parts RoM. But I'm not sure about the markers setup. Maybe, it can be a good starting point to sum up some materials!
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I am writing up a project in which I used motion capture as well as heart rate monitoring and questionnaires, but I will be analyzing the motion capture data separately to this project write up - should I still include it within my methodology even though it will not be relevant to the paper?
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Please never add in your proposal irrelevant methods. It will lead examiners to create many questions.
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I conducted a big research project looking into a few different aspects of a virtual reality programme. I used 3D motion capture, heart rate monitoring and questionnaires to investigate, mental health benefits, physical health benefits and adherence. This project effectively looked into 2/3 different research questions at once. Would it be right to split these up into different papers under different titles or should I try to come up with a title that includes all aspects of this study and write it up in one paper?
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Two papers would be fine so long as there is enough material. The split can be physical health vs mental health
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I wanted to know if the Vicon system, as a motion capture device, can be used for real-time processing data. Can we collect online data em then use it as input to activate other devices? During an experiment...
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Hi Joana,
yes, it is possible. But there is a little problem. While recording you can have the chance to check your data but in the real-time method, it is not available. As I saw in testing Vicon and other MoCap devices, you may have flaws in data.
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Hello, I would like to measure the postural control/weight shift during step initiation, especially by mean of CoP. For equipment, I am considering using a 3D motion capture system rather than a force plate.
As far as I researched, many studies have been analysied CoP using the force plate and the 3D motion capture and there is one validation study of the vertical ground reaction forces obtained from a force plate and a motion capture system. But, the motion performed in that study was squats, which is actually not completely suitable for the step initiation as step initiation is more dynamic than squats.
Could you please share your experiences about using a 3D motion capture system for assessing CoP? Or I would be also thank you for a recommendation for studies! :)
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Dear Dr. Kwag,
Perhaps the paper below can assist in the assessment of the instrumentation and data needed for your project:
Best Regards,
Wagner de Godoy
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Hello All
I'm trying to synchronize imu sensor with the Motion Capture system. Is this possible? If so, how?
thanks for answering
Alireza
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Hi Alireza,
First, what is the type of motion capture system do you have? Most of them actually have their own synchronization box, which serve as trigger in or trigger out for other external device including IMU. However, if your IMU sensor is a standalone sensor without any base to connected, then you can try an option to synchronize it by using some movement that cause spike on IMU signal like jumping.
Hope this helps you
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Polhemus Liberty has great specs / spatio-temporal accuracy and no sensor occlusion, but compensates for static field distortions only, which excludes the concurrent use of magnetic or alternating current stimulation, or even EEG (cable movement).
Polhemus Liberty specs:
-Capture frequency: 240Hz
-Spatial resolution: 0.005mm at a distance of 60cm
Is there any motion capture alternatives with similar specs as Polhemus compatible with concurrent TMS/tDCS/EEG?
Thanks!
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I Agree With Krzysztof Cygoń
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Hi, I am looking for an inertial motion capture system to use in full body ergonomic research. I have previously worked with Xsens from Netherland’s, but it is very costly and consequently, I am looking for alternatives. Therefore I hope you will contribute with your knowledge and experience with other systems, both advantages, and disadvantages. Best Regard Mathias Hedegaard
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Hi there, I have used Perception Neuron V1. It is easy to work with but I guess the newer versions are much better. The version I used is so sensitive to almost everything. Working with this system needs to paying attention to the morphology and the human body to react well.
You can find results of captured dance data in my youtube channel
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Please, share your application experience, even if MEMS using were not included in an articles etc.
Is it mandatory to use wireless hardware for motion capture? Or... is it acceptably for wired sensors?
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Generally the physical movements and characteristics are indicative of infants.
Basically mems uses tiny sensors and actuators and it replaces the existing devices with more effecient and cheaper.
There is no capturing of data movement. Definitely mems sensors can provide the video analysis.
lt is not mandatory to use wireless sensors.
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Greetings to everybody.
It will be great if you give an argument for your choosing.
I.m using Blender 3D, because it support Python as a main language. My student somebody choose Unity 3d, because it supported easy to developed VR applications.
Just small polling
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I am using optitrack motion capture system to calculate the Maximum Lyapunov exponent from kinematic gait data .Different retro reflective markers are placed on trunk and feet of the subjects.
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No clear consensus exists about the best methodology to compute MLE. Regarding motion capture methods, many studies use the C7 or T6 markers to compute trunk velocity. Others use hip/knee/ankle angles. A very good reference to have an overall survey of existing methods is the recent systematic review by Sina Mehdizadeh. Check the supplementary file that gives details about the methodology of each study.
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Hello. Im new at Motion Capture field. Currently, I have a dance motion data. For now, Im quite having a trouble to decide which method is the best for retarget a dance motion data. Since Im quite not familiar with "Deep Learning" method, I want to ask the researchers here, is it the best method to implement? Or is it another way around? Thank you
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Deep learning is at the moment one the best methods for analyzing structured data. In your case that will be motion capture data which means analyzing 4D tensors (3D image in time). The challenge will not be the coding part for you since there are multiple softwares in which deep learning based models are implented (look for object detection plugings in ImageJ, Matlab and ...). The difficulty will actually come from providing the sufficient annotated dataset that deep learning models need to achieve high accuracy. So, I sugggest, if you have access to enough annotated data, as a CS student, don't be overwhelmed by the coding complexity of DL and try using it. Otherwise, you could also try applying of the shelf trained DL models which depending on your data (and similarity to the data the models are trained on) might achieve high accuracy in prediction.
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I would like to know how researchers and clinicians calculate speed and stride length during running on a treadmill using an optical motion capture system. My main doubt is how to calculate this since the movement is cyclical.
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It's wise to have a system to check the belt velocity. Often treadmill velocity is influenced by the mass of the user.
You could place two reflective stickers, or apply reflective paint, on the belt at a known distance apart. This would allow you to use your optical motion capture system to calculate the velocity for each use.
The stride length is then simply belt velocity x stride duration.
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I am looking to sync data across an ultrasound machine (Terason USmart 3300), Vicon motion capture, force plate, and Delsys EMG data. I have gotten the Vicon, force plate, EMG to sync within a Vicon program, but am looking to add ultrasound to it. Terason has told me it is not possible unless I alter the unit (which they will do and charge me for). I am hoping that it is possible to do it without that expense (since it is not just my lab's unit).
I am looking to see if anyone has done this? I was thinking I could maybe get a digital to analog converter that would allow me to connect it to the trigger that is already hooking up the other devices (Vicon only allows me to add a "generic analog device" in the program). This Terason unit is extremely clinical and does not have any wires that would allow me to hook it up. I have seen some "Trigno wire" devices that seem to fix that problem, but not sure if that would be enough of a solve.
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I am not familiar with that exact system, but if you have the option of recording ECG you could generate a timing signal and attach that to both the ECG and EMG sensors to use as a synchronisation signal. Just ensure you generate an appropriate voltage and current so as not to damage the equipment.
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Dear all
I'm working with infants and want to track their lip movements. My concern is that they won't accept any marker on their lips. I^ve never used any motion capture system but plan purchasing one in the context of my research. Any suggesting is very welcome.
Thanks for your assistance...
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Dear Dr Havy,
What level of accuracy are you looking for?
Wouldn't two cameras (sagittal / frontal) be enough?
With real motion capture system, Vicon Cara could certainly help you.
Best regards,
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Background 
I am working on motion capture data analysis of human walking movement. My goal is to find the variation of markers on different body part in relation to the movement of the main body.
For that I am considering upper trunk body and lower trunk body. Upper trunk body include shoulder, chest and upper abdomen. Lower body includes waist , hip ,lower back and lower abdomen. 
I have markers placed in each body location. I want to create a marker that represents just the body movement and not the surface variations and joint variations so that it can be used as a surface to create reference variation. For that purpose, I am trying to create a kinematic model
Problem
How do I create my virtual point with respect to let's say 3 markers on the upper body? Which motion analysis software can give me this functionality to create some sort of kinematic model. 
- let's say create a vector with respect to a plane made by 3 markers and then create a point from the vector with respect to the plane created by the markers.
The attached picture represents my problem for some rough visualization. Here 2 upper green markers are used to create a vector in red which is used to create a green virtual marker.
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Nexus
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Instead of writing the code in matlab for this, is there any open source software which I can use for this purpose (apart from OpenCV)? I found a software for this purpose http://www.opensourcephysics.org/items/detail.cfm?ID=7365. But it does not keep track of the shape? Can anyone recommend any software for this?
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Please have a look on this software;
Good luck
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I have a series of ASCII files that were originally generated by Vicon software (Motion capture software) and i was wondering if there's a way that i could convert them into C3D format?
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It depends on the content of your ASCII files, but normally, I think that you cannot do that.
The reason is that afaik the ASCII files generated by Vicon are only export files, where you store information such as marker coordinates, joint angles etc. If I'm not mistaken, the c3d file contains more information than just the marker position (for example how the size of the markers and the grayscale values for the single pixels, although this might only be stored in the x2d file). Someone from Vicon support or your Vicon vendor should be able to answer that with certainty.
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What is the best wall color of the lab to use with a IR cameras MoCap system (Qualisys, Vicon, Optitrack...)? We have always used white walls, without any problems. I read that blue color is the best option to use with the IR systems/spectrum. What is your opinion? Any color in particular? (please add pantone-color number)
Thanks
Best,
Jose Heredia-Jimenez Human Behavior & Motion Analysis Lab. HubemaLab. University of Granada in Ceuta.
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Thank you for the answer Dr. Jokstad
Best,
Jose Heredia-Jimenez
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are there any papers showing that gait parameters (e.g. step time, step variability, step length) detected using accelerometers are comparable to the same gait parameters detected using more traditional methods such as motion capture, optogait, force plates etc.?
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Dear Simon,
please have a look at:
G. Pacini Panebianco, M.C. Bisi, R. Stagni, S. Fantozzi, ‘Analysis of the performance of 17 algorithms from a systematic review: Influence of sensor position, analysed variable and computational approach in gait timing estimation from IMU measurements’, Gait Posture. 66 (2018) 76–82.
It might be helpful!
Best regards,
Giulia
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Hi,
I am to conduct an experiment in which I want to pass a gas through a column of pills, and detect when the pills start moving.
I want to detect the motion as soon as possible, and i believe I need 2 things:
1. A camera that is of reasonable image quality
2. Some software etc. that can detect tiny movements within the particles.
I have though about using a normal Canon DSLR for recording videos or perhabs rent a high-quality camera. Then process the videos using software.
The detection does not have to be real-time.
The pills are rather big, around the size of a decent vitamin pill or bigger.
Any suggestions of how to approach this would be very appreciated.
BR Mikkel
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I would try subtracting each frame of the video from the previous frame. Any differences 'all else being equal' are caused by movement of the pills.
This can easily be done real-time if the images taken are immediately accessible for processing.
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I want to use passive markers and i find there are different type ofpassive markers available such as spherical, circular, tapes etc. so which one i should use?
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Hey,
Which markers you should use depends on your application.
Spherical markers are commonly used for 3-D motion analyses, whereas circular ones or tape might be sufficient for 2-D analyses. Also, the size of the markers depends on where you want to attach them and for what purpose. I have seen studies being conducted on finger joint movements using tiny spherical markers (< 5 mm diameter). Slightly larger markers are commonly used for e.g. gait analysis. Keep in mind that the larger the marker, the more pixels you get (= more accurate depiction of marker-location) and therefore your cameras can have a greater distance to your subject (which enables a larger calibration volume). However, too big markers might be unnecessary, bulky and could affect the natural motion of your participants.
Because of all these reasons the markers you should use depend on your application. Look at similar studies to yours and see what kind of markers they where using. This is often mentioned in the methodology section of the publications.
Best wishes,
Lukas
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Hlo Sir, I want to make the video database of normal and abnormal gait. I want to capture the gait of persons from two sides i.e. front and side simultaneously so i need two cameras.Is there any such motion capture camera's available that works in synchronization with each other? Lastly, what specifications i should set for camera's to make the accurate video. e.g distance from object, frames,etc.
hoping for helpful response, thanks
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Hi,
I think Mohsen had already explained in very detail. However, I think you need to visit some gait laboratories which actually do such studies and you will learn how they install cameras and how they do all kind of analysis. I can suggest you PGI Chandigarh gait lab, which do such gait studies.
regards
Bahadur Singh
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La simulazione nella formazione del personale medico, paramedico ed in genere delle figure che operano a contatto con i pazienti sta acquisendo un ruolo sempre maggiore nella formazione medica, sotto la spinta della maggiore disponibilità di strumenti e ambienti sempre più realistici supportate delle più moderne tecnologie e dell’identificazione di metodi efficaci per il loro uso. Non vi è disciplina o livello della formazione medica universitaria o post-universitaria che non possa trarre giovamento dall’uso delle più moderni strumenti di simulazione, a patto che siano scelte in base a specifici bisogni e non per il gusto della tecnologia. Purtroppo nel nostro paese manca una vera e propria cultura nell’utilizzo di tali strumenti per cui l’introduzione di queste attività dovrebbe essere promossa fino dai primi stadi della formazione medica. La complessità della pratica chirurgica possono ad esempio rappresentare un’ardua sfida per i progetti di formazione e training medico scientifico; le simulazioni interattive ed immersive di fatto accelerano il processo di apprendimento, innovando i modelli di formazione sino ad oggi definiti come tradizionali. Oggi più che mai si sente sempre più parlare di realtà virtuale che applicata alla medicina è in grado di consentire il trasferimento di know-how tra un medico ed il suo allievo, offrendo un elevato grado d’interazione più immediato. La realtà virtuale di fatto rappresenta l’ultima frontiera dei nuovi media, permette di elevare la comunicazione a un livello esperienziale, trasformando l’osservatore nel protagonista della scena. Questa tecnologia si sta facendo varco come applicazione e metodologia pratica in tutti quei contesti in cui l’immedesimazione, il realismo e l’immersione dell’utilizzatore nell’ambiente virtuale rappresenta un valore aggiunto poiché capace di fornire stimoli molto simili a quelli naturali definiti dalla realtà. Stimoli ai quali il medico apprendista tenderà a rispondere parimenti in maniera “naturale”. Tutto ciò rende questa tecnologia lo strumento più potente messo a disposizione per tutto quello che riguarda la simulazione della realtà e la formazione esperienziale specialistica, in cui l’esperienza e pratica devono integrarsi con la parte teorica. I moderni visori indossabili consentono oggi di realizzare prodotti audiovisivi con un livello di realismo senza precedenti, capaci di immergerci al punto da ingannare i nostri stessi sensi. L’integrazione con i sistemi di motion capture, amplificano il senso di presenza durante l’apprendimento, permettendo di interagire con l’ambiente virtuale in modalità naturale e intuitiva. E’ proprio per queste ragioni la realtà virtuale ha come campi applicativi la formazione e la simulazione in campo medico. Inoltre rappresenta uno strumento con grandissime potenzialità per tutto quello che concerne la valutazione di prototipi di protesi e la loro simulazione di ambienti e scenari artificiali. Trasponendo in realtà virtuale modelli e progetti, non solo il medico, quanto il paziente stesso potranno avere una chiara percezione della loro caratteristiche di forma, del loro funzionamento e della loro contestualizzazione in scenari di vita quotidiani come se fossero stati realmente e fisicamente realizzati. A livello mondiale in campo medico la realtà virtuale è ancora in corso di sperimentazione essenzialmente con le applicazioni di training on the job e la cura dei disturbi di ansia e delle fobie. Nel primo caso tipicamente si adopera una telecamera 3D installata in sala operatoria e/o sul medico che sta operando per consentire ad altri di assistere in maniera immersiva all’intervento stesso. Nel secondo, si sfrutta invece il realismo offerto dalla realtà virtuale per ricreare alla presenza di un medico situazioni e scenari capaci d’innescare fobie, attacchi d’ansia, o patologie più gravi quale ad esempio l’autismo, al fine di poter essere meglio interpretate le azioni da intraprendere. La realtà virtuale permetterà ad ogni studente di avventurarsi nell’attività da apprendere, senza una partecipazione distaccata ma pienamente immersiva nel ruolo che dovrà ricoprire. Non si parla solo di visori, infatti, ma di ulteriori dispositivi come guanti speciali che offriranno stimoli tattili permettendo di apprezzare la concretezza dell’intervento, il contatto con un corpo e tutto l’impegno richiesto. Nel prossimo futuro l’economicità del sistema renderà inoltre possibile trasmettere queste esperienze in streaming a migliaia di utenti dovunque nel mondo. Un’opportunità di equità ed omogeneità per la formazione dei professionisti sanitari di tutto il mondo. L’obiettivo del prossimo futuro sarà quello di sviluppare progetti a supporto dell’acquisizione e trasferimento della conoscenza capace di realizzare esperienze fuori dal comune, con un approccio pragmatico ed efficacie. Intellisystem Technologies intende partecipare attivamente alla definizione di nuovi metodi e strumenti per valorizzare queste tecnologie avvalendosi del prezioso supporto e collaborazione delle Università Italiane ed estere.
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Pienamente d'accordo.
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How can we use motion capture systems to improve anything? What are some problems that can be solved with the use of motion analysis? I'm looking for topics, subjects and ideas. It has been used to help the autistic kids and to help injured athletes. If anyone has any ideas I would appreciate it if you share.
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We are using it to track and understand stroke recovery more precisely.
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Hi,
my name is Wolfgang and right now I am working on the evaluation of an inertial sensor system. We have validated against an optical motion capture system. I have calculated limits of agreement and now I am in search of references which state acceptable bounds for an agreement between two motion capture systems in the field of clinical gait analysis. Because right now I only can say my system agrees with another system, but is the error resolution good enough for clinical applications? Meaning for example: In clinical gait analysis limits of agreement for sagittal joint angles should always be inside ± X°...
Do you know references regarding this issue or have any other idea?
Best regards,
Wolfgang
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Hi Filipe,
that's a very good approach indeed! Thank you very much, I am definitely going to pursue this idea.
Regards,
Wolfgang
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I am currently part of a startup competition and we are trying develop wireless IMU's to capture motion of the human body for actions such as exercise and posture.
I am an undergraduate student and this is my first endeavor into this field so I am looking for as much advice as I can receive.
I will start with what we know.
We were inspired by the video linked.
We can use a sensor like GY80 10DOF IMU for finding the orientation, and a microprocessor like  esp8266, which also is a WiFi module to create a node.
What we do not know is.
How do we connect the nodes to a software application/mobile device.
What software would allow us to do the three dimensional motion analysis.
Are there any free or lowcost software applications we can use our budget is limited to $1000 dollars. 
Thanks in advance. 
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You could use kivy.org. It is a nice framework (opensource) for designing User interfaces in python and can run on all platforms PC/Linux/Mac/iOS/Android etc. Furthermore if you are already in python you can use the power of the variety of libraries. E.g. there are several orientation or moition tracking frameworks available in open source.
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Hello
I'm wondering what would be a more suitable software for motion analysis
in terms of animal monitoring, camels to be exact,
How can one get the speed, distance, acceleration, and maybe incorporate those with vital organs indicators like heartbeats, body temperature ..etc.
trying to build a database for camels linking the above information and looking for patterns.
tried Kinovea but its not quite accurate in my opinion, for a beginner level.
any recommendations?
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Regarding what you define, you just need to use a sensor for daily activity monitoring, usually based on accelerometers. But if you are looking also to dynamics behavior of the animal, in terms of geographic displacement, you need also a localisation plotter like a GPS. There is a lot of cheap sensors that can give you such information.
If you need more accurate data, like spatiotemporal parameters, pressure data, or kinematics, other systems have to be used.
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I am look at using accelerometer(s) as a wearable sensor to track the acceleration of someone's leg while they perform various motions. I would like to video/ take photos of the subject whilst the accelerometer(s) are collecting data. Is there someway to sync the camera with the data from the accelerometer? In order to draw the acceleration vectors on a frames/image from the camera. Therefore, the camera an accelerometer would have to be synchronised to be in real time
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Hi Misha
If you are satisified with 1x accelerometer and 1x camera on the same platform - you find these in any smartphone - take a look at Kivy which provides access to these and runs on most hardware. 
As a very loose thought - if you want the accelerometer to move and the video to be stationary - try blinking the mobile smartphone screen and perhaps even throw readable information onto it to provide a poor mans synching.
To get an idea - download the smartphone app VR Mobile
Just my 2 cents
Claes
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I would like to conduct a motion capture experiment outdoors. I will be collaborating with a laboratory that has recently bought a VICON system equipped with MXT10S cameras. According to VICON documentation, the T10s system can function even outdoors.
Can anyone please confirm that the system is really functional outdoors ? 
Will I be dealing with a lot "phantom markers"?
Is the accuracy and precision of the marker position measurement affected?
Thank you in advance. 
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I cannot remember where I read it but I did read about research outdoors on this system on cricket players in Australia with very good data to analyze.
Sorry I can't remember where I saw it
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patellar reflex movement dataset which has displacement data of leg and foot which recorded by motion capture or collected in other ways
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Interesting. Look at propioceptive aspects
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For an assistive robotics based BCI what would be the suitable command out of Motor Imagery and Motor Execution, for a desired motion task ?
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Interesting. I have 't suggestion. Few years before I worked very strong about robots for disabled (paralysed) people. Your work is interesting . Good luck
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In "Real-time human pose recognition in parts from single depth images" by Shotton et al., their method generates "confidence-scored 3D proposals of several body joints" for a single depth image.
I am looking for papers that deal with selecting the best body joints out of these 3D proposals (for example, without using the confidence scores, by searching for body joints that match a pre-defined skeleton).
Can anyone recommend papers on this topic?
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I hope this paper might help you. As a matter of fact, I am still working on similar topics and more papers will be published in the future.
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Perhaps using Matlab and some toolkit?
I have found two, one from Hendrick Lab, and Mokka (please see attached links). Can someone let me know if it is possible to calibrate videos, and get 3D kinematics through these tools?
If not, and I should look into purchasing software, can you please suggest some?
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I have been using 1) Matlab and the Hedrick digitizing tools package (i.e., DLTdv and easyWand) and 2) Argus- an open source program (http://argus.web.unc.edu/). You might consider one or both of these routes. 
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Vicon analysis of a task during sitting
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Sarah,
In addition to the ideas already mentioned (which I'd agree are very useful), you can also configure segment markers into a cluster with known geometry, and use various methods to filter out motion artifact on the segment by using cluster geometry and some kind of shape analysis or filter. One possible approach:
Hope that helps.
Best,
Sean Osis
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Greetings
Beyond matlab, does anyone has any suggestion on how to track the ball in football. I have the video of the matches.
Sincerely
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hello !
I would suggest Python especially if you are familiar with Matlab.  I recommend to download Anaconda - probably the best distribution of Python:
There are different python libraries specialised in image processing but I would suggest OpenCV-Python: 
Cheers,
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I'd like to start/stop Vicon Nexus recording using Matlab on the host machine. I see there is a network option for remote start/stop but I don't know how output the network signals from Matlab or indeed what these should be.
Any help is much appreciated.
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I've found a way to make it works 100% of the time for both START and STOP message.
Any UDP package with the shorter message than previously submitted package will be seen as a corrupt package. Therefore, I just need to pad MESSAGE_START and MESSAGE_STOP with space to a constant length like 500 characters.
See the python script in the attachment.
This script was provided by Vicon support and I add a few lines to pad the message.
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I need it for windows.
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I want to compare the performance of my athletes (14-19 years old) to normative data to know whether their time of the 30m flying is above average or not. Thanks in advance!
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While I don't have a definitive answer for you, here are some tips to help you out.
1) Find some normative data first, and then perform the same test with your athletes. Performing random tests and trying to find matching norms is more work than administering the specific tests where the norms are already known. Obscure tests are very hard to find normative data for.
2) Specificity is key here. What sport do your athletes play? Simply trying to match 14-19 year old data won't be very valid, as the sporting discipline must also be taken into account. Soccer players and swimmers, for example, will have different testing results.
3) Contact some local amateur sport teams and clubs in your local area, and ask if they would be willing to share some of their testing data with you. If they're in a good mood, maybe they'll remove the names and send you some data that could help you.
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Does anyone have experience from using motion capture recording and analysis in a research project to measure communicative movements? Anything published?
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In rehabilitation , the ability to capture fingers , is a challenging issue.
what are the best choices for ROBUST and ACCURATE 3D measurement of fingers in a less expensive manner ?
thanks
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IMU and leap motion, but they are not too accurate compare to high speed cameras and motion capture. There is Optotrack http://www.ndigital.com/msci/products/optotrak-certus/ , but it is expensive. 
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Hi Petros,
This is an intriguing project and I would like to support  by sharing data. As you know we sually perform ReTURB because of the lack of muscle in the chips after TURB. How did you imagine this project?
Luca
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Dear Colleagues,
I completely agree with Professor Hermann and Professor Greco on the great value of a prospective study. However,  I would like to underline one potential advantage of performing a retrospective study:  the possibility to gather preliminary information about the incidence of early recurrences especially in patients with a pTa TCC bladder tumor with no detrusor muscle in the specimen after TURBT in comparison with patients whose specimen includes the detrusor muscle. This could represent valuable background information for the implementation of the design of a prospective study on this yet underexplored topic.
I offer my complete collaboration to develop this project and to share data.
Sincerely,
Davide Campobasso
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Hi all,
I am using MSP6050, accelerometer-Gyroscope sensor for the purpose of the detection of various hand strokes. For the implementation of one of the algorithms, i need to find the acceleration along the axes. For this, I have taken the data of the accelerations and plotted the waveforms. I am obtaining the higher fluctuations across the axis along which i am producing the motion (that's what is expected), but i am also getting the motion across the another axis. For example, in fig.1 i am drawing a line across Y-axis and getting fluctuations(around 9K) which is higher than that across X-axis(3K). Can any one tell what could be the probable reason for this?? And also how can such fluctuations across different axis be removed?
Also, do decreasing sensitivity of accelerometer is helpful in such cases?
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Hi Nishith, 
The problem is that you most probably is not aligning the axies of the accelerometer with the motion axes. Meaning that your sensor's x-axis is not aligned with your motion's x-axis. For example, any small deviation from your sensor's x-axis with respect to your motion x-axis will result in your sensor reading a motion that is a combination of x and y axes generating accelerations in both directions. The larger acceleration meaning that you are closer to y-Axis but still have acceleration components in the x-direction. I guess you either  need to check your sensor's  direction and align it, which is hard, or find a transformation matrix between your motion and measurement, in other words calibrate it. 
Good luck 
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for examining various kinematic variables 
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Mark,
I agree with Professor Senanayake in that it will depend on exactly what you wish to measure.  A main challenge with motion capture on smaller individuals is that optical systems will suffer from a lower resolution in the measurement, and there are fewer choices for placing sensors/markers, as the person is... well, smaller.
On the other hand, an accelerometer based system won't have these same issues, and many of them are very compact, making them suitable for small subjects.  However, the data are different from typical optical systems.
Markerless motion capture (something like Kinect) could also work, although it is technically challenging, and the resolution issue may still be a factor.
Sean
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I'm looking for a free motion capture software even a low performance one. I need just to capture the "stick man" of an actor walking. Does anyone know a softweare that works with any setup but with a free licence?
Thank you!
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If you have marker data, then for extracting a stick man, Mokka could also be a good alternative.
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Hello community
As you may know, the IMU (inertial magnetic unit) based motion capture (wearable motion capture system) is a recently developed system to track human motion and its application is evolving. 
I am trying to understand the possibility of their application in a skating and skiing sports as well as its limitations.
However, I am still confusing why these motion capture systems need additional GPS or DGPS or LPS (local positioning sensor) when capturing skiing, skating, and skateboarding as sliding motions.
there are many papers explains the theories, though I need to understand the fundamental concept as simply as possible.
Please share your knowledge experience. Any information can be helpful for me.
Best: Purevsuren
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Patrick's answer pretty much sums things up. You could implement what he has detailed with the Opal system (as mentioned by Ebenezer) or try building your own! Sparkfun have all the inertial sensor components you would need. There are lots of tutorials on YouTube also.
For any theory reference, the book by Titterton and Weston: "Strapdown Inertial Navigation Technology", is a good go to guide. But be warned its very mathematical. 
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Dear fellow researcher,
in a project we aim to measure emotions in real-time to loop this information back into a gamification module. We plan to integrate mainly body cues and facial expressions, but at least in the lab we also look at GSR, heartrate and brain signals. Can anyone recommend a solution (software library, development kit etc. - not a lab software) which integrates such signals and generates emotional states? We search for something like the SHORE kit (facial expressions), only with more modalities.
Best, Oliver 
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Dear Oliver,
I believe that our package, EventIDE (www.okazolab.com),  can carry all functions that you need alone. It 1) can be used to build rich, interactive games (including 3D graphics and VR), 2) ensures millisecond accuracy, 3) supports acquisition, synchronization and online processing of multiple bio-signals (GSR, HRV, EEG, eye-tracking, etc). Real-time emotion recognition via a web-cam is in development and will be available shortly. You can contact me for a demo on i.korjoukov@okazolab.com
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Hi all, I am using motion capture data to analyze the movement of a person performing lifting activities for my exoskeleton project. the motion capture data is a bit noisy so I decided to filter it. I converted the motion signal into the frequency domain and saw that most of its power is located at low frequencies. I then calculated the frequency where 99% of signal power is available and set it as the cut-off frequency. the results are good but I am not sure if this is the right way to design the filter? is there another way to design it?
thanks
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Why do you want to consider another way? If the results are good - be happy. Where is the problem? There are certain applications - and yours seems to be one - where the "classical" 3dB-cut-off is not appropriate.
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Hello,
I am looking for a system to monitor pistoning of residual limb in a prosthetic socket. There is an approach [1] which relies on motion capture system, but their results are for static monitoring along. Did anyone try this approach in walking trials? Or Sanders's approach [2] is the only choice?
Thank you.
[1]Gholizadeh H, Abu Osman NA, Kamyab M, Eshraghi A, Wan Abas WAB, Azam MN. Transtibial prosthetic socket pistoning: static evaluation of Seal-In® X5 and Dermo® Liner using motion analysis system,
[2]Sanders J, Karchin A, Fergason J, Sorenson E. A noncontact sensor for measurement of distal residual-limb position during walking.
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Thank you for the kind help.
Sincerely,
Ming
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Can somebody explain the process behind obtaining ground truth values from a motion capture device, which can be used for comparison with our proposed system like for eg: Kinect? tell me whether we have to do our work in the presence of both the 3D motion capture (ground truth) and our proposed system(Kinect)
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Hi All, 
Like what Senthil is saying, there is no real gold standard but the closest to that would be motion capture systems such as Vicon or optotrak.  To compare your method you will need to capture the same motion using one gold standard and your technique. In addition you can run these motions multiple times to test repeatability. Then you can get the RMS error or standard deviation as measures of how tour technique measures with these gold standards. Your technique could match the accuracy of gold standards but offer measurement outside structured environments. 
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I am really interested in the Leap Motion technology. However, as a scientist, I am always careful about what I see on advertising videos and I have a doubt about the level of reliability of that technology. Thus, does anyone knows the reliability of the Leap motion technology in terms of finger joints angle estimation ? Is there any recent publication that compared it to a another method of hand grasp measurement (ex. dataglove) ?
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Thank you very much Mr. Argese.
Regards,
Pierre
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When I opened my tdf or c3d files using Mokka program, I saw yellow dots in the force plates and ground (like in the attachment photo) I wonder if there are any methods for removing them from visualization and why did they appear?
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Hi Rufaida,
I don't know the answer, but I work with the creator of Mokka and BTK. I will ask him the question and transfer you the answer soon.
Regards,
Pierre
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Hello, I´m working in offline motion capture algorithm from Kinect Depth Images. My research will be applied to postural, gait and others movements analysis and I need it to be as accurate as possible. I find out that Ipisoft is a berry used software to process depth maps in general and can create mocap from it. So i´am asking if anyone knows an article where i can find about the algorithms in IPIsoft and their accuracy. Greetings
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Gracias Antionio.
Fast questions is there other software similar to IPIsoft avaliable and is IPIsoft the standard on offline mocap from depth maps??
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I am working on project using PIR motion sensors. After I collected information about motion in few rooms and I am planning to use artifical intelligence to predict path of motion. Is anyone use some algorithm for those prediction?
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Are we talking about a single user or multiple users?
(In the second case it may get a bit harder unless you rephrase the objective to "what is the probability of PIR sensor X firing next".)
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I am going to study on visual cues, i need to remove some parts of the body in a video film. is there a software to do that?
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Dear All,
Finally I could remove a specific part of body in a video display.  It is possible and it is simple.
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I'm doing an experiment in which I would like to get information whether the person was about to click the pad or the finger was still. I'd like to know whether the inhibition was successful before any movement or after initial preparation for the movement. I'm going to use EMG recording for that. Can anyone recommend some papers that describe similar procedures or have experience with such setup? I'm especially interested in the right placement of electrodes. Thank you for any help.
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Hi Mr. Warchol
I am currently researching the motor control and posture associated with APAs and APCs. To find my reponses, the EMG analysis (time and frequency domain) proved to be very efficient as the verification of muscle activity during the analysis cycle, but mostly I was able to get important answers of what happens before and after a certain event, usually of short duration. Therefore, I suggest that you use the EMG analysis in your case.
I send to you two articles that I think help you.
I hope this helps.
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I have currently used 3-D motion capture to conduct gait analysis on children with cerebral palsy before and after an intensive physical intervention (pre- and post-testing). I collected 4 trials for pre- and 4 trials for post-testing and only one testing session occurred for each. There are 9 subjects total, but I need to use an n-of-1 design because the group is heterogeneous and there is a large amount of variability between subjects. I am using the Standard Error Measurement (SEM) to then calculate the Minimal Detectable Change for each child. The equation for the SEM requires the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), which SPSS outputs as a negative value for 2 of the 7 variables I am investigating. Is a negative ICC acceptable? If not, how can this be corrected? 
Thank you
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Hi,
Not understanding the question well, or therefore having an answer :), I asked my son who is a researcher at Stanford and USC for a comment on this question. I hope that it helps:
Theoretically no, but stat programs only estimate ICC so they can spit out negative values.
It's much more likely when you have very small sample sizes. It basically means, I think, that the variation within the group is really big, so you can treat it like 0 anyways for further analyses if desired.
That said, it does suggest that you might not be calculating the ICC efficiently. 
I've has this happen to me too, but I had thousands of clusters (schools) and about 10 spit out negative ICC's, which I interpreted to mean that the variation in these schools was relatively massive. I seem to recall it happening in particular when the cluster (school) was small and I also clustered standard errors at the same level, but I could be mis-remembering that.
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What is the best method to obtain the center of mass when some marker points were occluded?
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I'd try to build the muscular skeletal model first with all the markers visible, then calculate the center of mass of each limbs. I'd recommend Opensim. https://simtk.org/project/xml/downloads.xml?group_id=91
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After the stage of multi-camera calibration
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Hi, Sullivan.  For marker correspondences, I mean to find the image points of  the same 3D marker on multiple camera images.
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I'm working on a research on environmental awareness and collision avoidance in a full-immersive environment in VR with HMD and motion controllers.
Actually we bought the STEM system but we are waiting the shipment from a long, long time. I'm trying to work with the PSMove from PS3 and PS-eye but the psmoveapi is not that precise especially with quaternions.
Is any of you working with some motion controller that could be bought on-line?
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No.
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I have spoken with Biometrics and they say the DataLINK may be connected direct to third party instrumentation via the R2000i or R2000iBNC analogue and digital output cable. Having look on their website at both of these, they need to be connect to a 3rd party AD board or data acquisition system or the BNC one is fitted with 8 BNC connectors for connection to a range of propriatary AD boards. Which of these cables is best and what AD Board do I need so sync with DataLINK EMG with Qualysis? 
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Hi Ashley, is the EMG wireless? If I remember correctly Qualysis has a trigger to start option, cant you feed this as a pulse into the emg system on a channel, thus having a time marker which will allow synchronization?
Regards
Steve
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I am interested in investigating spine kinematics in Rugby Union players during scrums (simulated and live scrums) by using video for photogrammetric processing. I am now looking for 4-6 cameras that can be synchronised, have enough resolution and sampling rate to not blur and that are not too expensive (budget: approx. 1500 Australian dollars, or ~1200 USD). Measurements will take place outdoors.
Can anyone help me with this issue?
Thanks very much in advance for any help!
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Have you considered GoPros?
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I assessed biomechanical parameters during running and I would like to estimate joint stiffness. Is it possible? If yes, how should I do it?
Is there some paper talking about this?
Thank you very much!
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I recall reading some of Neville Hogan's papers on joint stiffness which could be relevant and helpful to answering your question.  Those works were done at MIT in 80's.
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Is it possible and scientifically acceptable?
I'm looking for a low cost system, that's why I'm asking about Kinect.
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It depends what you want to capture and how much money you have ;)
I would say that if you are interested in full body capture and in need of global variables (number of steps, number of movements) Kinect is okay enough but only because it is not expensive. If you are interested in a specific body part, and/or more accurate data (velocities, accelerations) and especially if you want to use statistical comparisons on these variables to probe another independant variable, then it is definitly not the good device, imho.
See also :
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Dear all,
  Greetings, I am interested in creating a full body model for Vicon (With Marker set) using the clusters to find the joint center unlike the plug in gait model which has got individual and wand markers.
The idea is to find the reliable joint center for all the major joints thereby reducing the error percentage in the 3D motion analysis (especially in terms of angle interpretations).
While post capturing the same data can be imported into matlab to find the angles and associated graphs for the same.
I will be more than happy to go on with a collaborative study on this. 
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Vasanth,
The marker placement strategy can certainly dictate how you determine the underlying skeletal kinematics.  There are, for example, the point cluster method by Andriacchi et al and minimum marker (less than 3 per body segment) method we developed which would use mathematical optimization to enforce the rigidity of underlying linkage.  Hope this helps.
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I would appreciate if you can give the web links for each.
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Dear Ruwan,
Please consider looking at our active marker based mocap system. There are lots of benefits over alternative systems including:
  • Markers have individual identity (which will save you lots of post processing time)
  • System has very high signal to noise - high accuracy (LED emitters versus reflectors)
  • You don't need lots of cameras - one CX1 scanner can potentially do the job of several cameras.
  • Very wide field of view - you get a large measurement volume from a small set-up.
  • Portable and can be used outdoors.
  • Price - Our systems are modular, so you can start with a small set-up and build to increase you measurement volume or to work win more complex environments..
Please check out: www.codamotion.com
or - feel free to contact me: jon.gamble@codamotion.com
Best regards,
Jon