Morphology - Science topic

Dear Vishnu Sankar, this is a well known and studied influence of solvents on NPs' morphology, shape and size. Usually, the dielectric constant reflecting the solvation power is taken as an indication. However, supramolecular order imposed by the solvents is behind the structural arrengements and order while NPs' growth. Sometimes the effect may be in part similar to the effects of caping agents, surfactants, and nucleation agents. Please have a look at the following sample references. My Regards

Hello,

I made a drawing of the chain structure of the two polyamides, which you mentioned. The PA6.6 is the condensation product of a diamine with 6 carbon atoms and a dicarboxylic acid with also 6 carbon atoms. The 6.6 gives the carbon atoms in the monomers, which form this kind of polymer. The PA6 has only one sort of monomer. The monomer is a ring shaped molecule, which carries a carboxylic and an anime group after opening.

In the pdf file you can see that 6 carbon atoms are between the two nitrogen atoms of the former amine groups and the other 6 carbon atoms are between the two former carboxylic groups. For PA6 the 6 carbon atoms are in between a former amine group and a former carboxylic group.

I also drew a sketch of a copolymer's chain structure. In the compolymers structure, some of the carbon atoms have a nitrogen as a neighbor and some are part of a former carboxylic acid.

Dear Alexis Gkantiragas ,

Look the link, maybe useful.

Regards,

Shafagat

Difficult question to answer. If the species concept is complex and there is no general agreement among taxonomists, the subspecies concept is even less so.

Dear all, I think the second statment is not correct. If porosity is considered for example, it is the morphology of prime importance for membranes applications, but for protecting coatings it is the morphology to be absolutely avoided. Please have a look at the following documents. My Regards

Hello,

I have the same question Dr. Abhishek Kandpal, Have you found the answer? or did you do that finally?

This means that it is necessary to take note of all the factors causing this disease through the clinical examination of the patient, and that these examinations should be attached by the physician treating the radiologist so that he can give his medical opinion.

It also applies to plants and others. In general, there must be an integrated medical team that follows up on the situation until it comes out with an accurate diagnostic summary, and similarly for plants and others.

Dear Amravati Singh,

The pyrolysis temperature may have so many unknown effect on the performance of the catalysts, such as crystallization, coordination environment and may the components of your material. So you must consider different reasons when you design your project.

Best wishes !

You need to have molecular data. I dentification based on morphology is not correct very often.

Hello, you can manually create a corpus using "Parts of Speech Tagging Guidelines for the Penn Treebank Project(3rd revision) by Beatrice Santorini". Since I didn't find any such datasets existing datasets.

Happy coding 😊

Dear Sathy HarshaVardhan Reddy

I think your solution becomes non-homogeneous when you drip the anti solvent.

You have to modify your method such that a homogeneous solvent results. This can be accomplished by using ultrasound agitation or or you can sprayer and ultrasound agitation. This is my proposal if the it succeed please inform us.

Best wishes

Yes, can be used specific dyes in spore staining

Hey Mariana Vargas-Caballero, good to hear from you and thanks for the pro tips! Regarding retraction speed, I too prefer a relatively fast retraction over a couple of seconds, starting slowly and gradually increasing pace if you see your cell is closing nicely on the membrane seal test. This has always worked fine for me; it’s just recently that I’ve been having the issue of sticky nuclei. A bit of positive pressure only helps occasionally sadly… When the lab reopens from the corona lock-down I’ll review everything and hope I find the culprit. If so, I’ll be sure to report back here. Be well.

In my opinion “beauty” in city goes together with how people use the design of a city. Some cities look beautiful to many people in pictures but people can’t use this “beauty” in everyday life. “Cities for People” from Jan Gehl presents great examplse how “beauty” and “use of cities” can go together.

Hello, wich kind of solid culture medium are you using? If you want to exclude any kind of fungi there is a simple trick: do a Gram staining on one colony sample and pick up another single colony by simply touching it with a little piece of adhesive and transparent tape (or just use a sterile loop to transfer it on the tape if don't want to comìnatminate your sample), then put the tape on a microscopic slide. Then observe both by using an optical microscope at 40x magnification: yeasts will appear as big blue an round cells (Candida spp or Saccharomyces spp do so) in the stained sample, molds on the tape (but judjing by your image i don't think that it is the case) will show their tipical structure. I know thath Gram staining is used for bacteria classification, but can come handy for yeasts that may grow on a simple medium (like TSA or PCA or Mueller Hinton) and be confused as bacteria. Hope it will help

Chlorophyll content is a physiological parameter. However, in some publications you might find it under biochemistry category. In the past decades, the concept of plant physiology changed considerably, so you can read plant physiology papers from different time periods that seem to belong to different fields, in terms of studied parameters. Some old papers on plant physiology are found nowadays under plant ecophysiology field. For scientist working several decades ago the plant physiology papers from nowadays would appear as purely biochemistry work. All parameters referring on processes, functionality and dynamics should be considered physiological. Indeed, there is always a biochemical involved mechanism.

Hi,

You need some biochemical tests.

Thank You Praveen Rathod sir.

Kasia, they look like granules with stored substances, but what is inside? You should do specific staning to detect e.g. carbohydrates. These granules reflactile and therefore they are iridescent (especially when you observe moving Vorticella). Best, Ania

I've been taught to work with the Leipzig Glossing Rules. That means glosses align vertically for ease of identification. You can have as many lines per item as needed for your analysis. I have worked with spoken Greek dialectal data (which I wanted to present to English-speaking audiences). I had 6 lines per item: 1. Dialect transcribed in Greek 2. Standard Greek equvialent transcribed in Greek 3. Standard Greek equivalent transliterated with roman characters 4. Word for word English translation 5. Morphological analysis 6. English Translation

I'm not sure how that would feed back into a Conversational Analysis piece that also has its own coding conventions. I'd imagine going with a 6-line gloss per turn will be way too much.

But then again it is more of a matter of what you want to actually claim. Is there morphological variation away from the standard language in your data? Or is it that the dialect only differs phonologically? Remember a morphological analysis deals in morphemes. So the dialect may present different morphs (allomorphs), but not different morphemes. If that's the case, glossing from the standard equivalent is fine. If not then you'could go with a phonemic gloss first and then morphologically gloss that (essentially treating the dialect as a 'different' language).

Thank you Jayant.

Please see

Jonathan Wagner thank you very much. You helped me a lot ! I think i got this. =)

This is actually an interesting prefix. The word that once got me exercised was “redouble” where it functions as an intensifier rather than implying “again” (like “resound”) — except when “redouble” is used as a technical term in bridge for doubling a bid that has already been doubled by an opponent.

You might also consider the difference functions of "re" in pairs like “recover” / “re-cover”, “restore” / “re-store”, and the like, where the prefix is not detachable in the unhyphenated member without affecting the sense of the root.

Christopher James Evelyn I am thinking about both of them but mainly focusing on the positional status. Thanks for advices, i got them.

Chitin is colorless and translucent itself. Many arthropods have cuticle (both sclerites and membranes) entirely colorless and translucent. So it would be better to ask, why some insects have non-translucent fragments on cuticle (i.e., what is function of their cuticular pigments).

We conducted few experiments, which were more like an extension of our major project to answer the above question. Anybody interested can look into our publication https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309034150_Admixing_of_MPTP-Resistant_and_Susceptible_Mice_Strains_Augments_Nigrostriatal_Neuronal_Correlates_to_Resist_MPTP-Induced_Neurodegeneration?_sg=SduYxo0hz3DQmqy93kk9hyMjV_J-i0ouvHaEbuqxedt9oNHu5fli5E-5pZcgV85KPj4wkgogp_LGPrjwEADHJUw-jqh2GloUOcjthiGF.f0rENiJvOQ7gnlJA4_ETEjlNMaOTd1ddCDFJh6nABeNCD5Znzuxw_90ArlhGmSd80SC3nlE_R50L_Iw3FVWmnQ

The topic is a little different and looks very interesting though! I would still suggest if you have little more in-depth meeting with your supervisor regarding this. The most worrisome concern for me, at this point of time, is whether or not you would be able to maintain the same level of interest for researching this issue in very limited sources available in a country like Pakistan. I seriously doubt and could see it that your interest might fade away having to see the extent of difficulty in the process of doing this research for next three to four years. This does not mean that there is any problem with what you have apparently decided to investigate. The trouble would be lack of academic support as well as resources!

I recommend Marco's answer

Best Regards

The major difference lies in the space of possible states and in the number of relevant levels of granularity and frames of reference. Whereas in molecular data at the nucleotide level the space is limited to only 4 different states (the 4 different nucleotide types), in morphology there is practically no such limitation. Moreover, whereas in molecular data you usually analyse the data either on the granularity level of individual nucleotides or on the level of amino acids. Different frames of reference are usually not used, but sometimes gene arrangement and 3d structure is also considered. In morphology, all different kinds of levels of granularity are considered, from the molecular level to the gross anatomy level. Moreover, different frames of reference can be considered, as for instance a purely spatio-structureal frame as opposed to a functional or a developmental frame.

All this affects the descriptive level as well as the analytical level in phylogenetic investigations. Molecular data can usually be described as a sequence of letters using a 4-letter code. This lends itself to very formalized descriptions of sequences. In morphology, we are dealing with a lack of such formalism. Instead, we are facing different terminological traditions that are often taxon-dependent, where the meaning of terms can vary between different authors and through time and where also homology considerations influenced terminology. No formalized standard exists for morphological descriptions.

In the step of character identification and homology assessment, using molecular data we must align sequences and then each nucleotide position in the sequence is a putative phylogenetic character with a set of 4 different possible character states. This can be easily formalized for phylogenetic algorithms to analyze the data. This is straight forward. In morphology, this step is tricky due to the space of possible states. The delimitation of characters is non-trivial and the different levels of granularity and frames of reference make it even more complicated. We have discussed these differences between morphological and molecular data in some detail in our 'The Linguistic Problem of Morphology' paper (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215827731_The_linguistic_problem_of_morphology_Structure_versus_homology_and_the_standardization_of_morphological_data).

We are currently working on a solution for formalizing morphological descriptions using ontologies and semantic technology

(https://www.researchgate.net/project/eScience-Compliant-Standards-for-Morphology).

Sorry for this somewhat longer post. I hope I have answered your question.

Regards Lars

Morphological taxonomy is the first requirement. Without classical taxonomy it is impossible to carry out molecular Taxonomy I(it is like a Tyre you donot know which car it belongs to) . That correct identification is done by morphological characters and then the specimen is borcoded and the borcode is submitted. If some one identifying based on barcode which is present in BOLD / gene bank and the one who has submitted has missed correct identification, the exercise goes wrong. Therefore it is requested to go far correct identification seriously then only bar code and submit. If I have identified a specimen correctly and I try to match bar code of my specimen with already present in BOLD/ genebank, is wrong then I will land with many confusions like I will think mine is a new species etc. IT HAS TO BE DONE VERY CAREFULLY.

Hi Geonyzl,

Is everything going well with the organization of the plant morphology book?

I would love to collaborate. Thanks for the invitation.

My best,

M. Athaydes

Depending on the the grammatical structures you'd like to focus on, the answers will vary. However, here is a good resource on dimensions of register:

Dimensions of Register Variation: A Cross-Linguistic Comparison by Douglas Biber https://goo.gl/LaVxip

Thanks Dr Hudson.

Dear Behzad,

The technology of Al-powder production is already very old. This is a large-scale production and can only be realized on large industrial aggregates. Ball mills are one of those machines and that's why, I'm pretty sure your powder was made this way. Of course, there are other ways to downsize aluminum powder, for example, attritors or jet mills, but only ball mills are used in large-capacity production.

Hi Danielle, have you seen the real vessel tube like structure after ECs culture on matrigel? How long did you culture? My guess is that ECs might group each other resembling vessels, what do you think? I may be wrong, ECs sprouts might form vessel like structure, in fact it might not be a real vessel. If there is a real vessel formation, you can control angiogenesis either by reducing the ECs numbers or using low concentration of matrigel or reducing both ECs number and matrigel concentration. Please update your successful attempt on how you control the rapid angiogenesis on matrigel substrata. Thanks.

The first one looks like fatty tissues cells with nuclei pushed to the periphery.

The 3rd one possibly may be liver tissue but without portal triad architecture.

Mustafa,

this is a good question and hopefully you will get a lot of answers.

Personally, I would say NO and YES. All chemists and materials scientists at the moment are trying to control size and morphology. The properties are largely depending on the latter.

Although many have managed to reproduce relyably a specific material, say TiO2 in terms of size and morphology, there is no general model whatsoever beyond the classical description by Ostwald and LaMer. "CONTROL" in most cases simply means reproducability but not prediction.

A recent paper: underlines this nicely.

Best

AXEL

From your question it appears that you have changed the valency state of cation A in the two samples. If it is so then it is possible to have two different compounds after calcination, having the same cations. And if it is so then your crystal morphologies will be different. CONFIRM THRU XRD.

Also, if you are getting similar XRD patterns, still you can also have different morphology as your starting materials are different. CHECK, IN XRD SAME JCPDS FILE NO., AND INTENSITY OF THE PEAKS. PROBABLY PEAK HEIGHTS WILL BE DIFFERENT.

Add 50 microM of beta-mercaptoethanol (final concentration) into the media. This will solve the problem.

To answer your question, several studies showed evidence for species differentiation identified by markers tracing speciation events at the genotype thet are not reflected in the usual diagnostic characters in some groups of ferns, such as the Asplenium nidus complex and the Asplenium normale complex to name only two. The reasons for the lack of correlation between speciation events and the establishment of morphological diagnostic features are complex. For example, reticulate evolution may cause the formation of intermediate forms that obscure the species differentiation using phenotypic data only. A similar pattern but totally different dynamics may be found in taxa that speciate only recently. Genetic markers may found them clearly segregated but phenotypic markers still show not clear distinction because of differences in the time intervals required to get the genotypic and phenotypic polymorphisms sorted. This is an interesting but still poorly understood issue that needs more attention.

Thank you Riley Rex. I will try it.

If you just put a drop of antifade, and then gently put the coverslip upside down to allow to sink by the viscous antifade. It will be OK.

Regards

In addition to Sang Ho Lee's answer, you could also stain for cleaved PARP. You should see this early during apoptosis and it would let you distinguish apoptotic cells from non-apoptotic cells through other means than morphology. Based on timing, you could then determine whether there is a difference in the microglial processes. Good luck!

Land equivalent ratio can be effectively used...

hello

many thank's for your answers I corrected my nexus file according to you ideas and I worked ..

Thank you Gary for answering. I immediately take a look at the paper.

I perfectly agree with Dr. Yuriy Kudriatvtsev. Nowadays microwave plasma cleanaing appratus, or simple cleaning at a very very low power especially in oxygen plasma even in a rf sputtering system would be greatly beneficial. In my case during ZnO deposition by rf sputtering, despite cleaning the substrate thoroughly in a variety of solvent, and extended vapor degreasing in (TCE, acetone, and IPA), I found after loading the substrates into the sputtering system, a simple insitu plasma cleaning treatment at a very low power (25 to 50 W) in oxygen for about 5 to 10 minutes, really produced a very very clean surface. Definitely such a treatment will not etch your film and disturb the morphology, provided you maintain very low powers, and do the cleaning for very short times.

K. Sreenivas

Hello

By controlling the velocity of truth, it is possible to form desired phase and structural changes in the metals. You can cool at high speed then the material will remain phases characteristic of high temperatures. Heat treatments can then be performed to reduce internal peaks and to form the structure.

At low speeds of realism (throwing in a furnace) then a uniform structure is guaranteed. If it is carried out in vacuum to ensure non-oxidized thermal treatment.

Wishing for success in scientific and research work.

With respect

Emil Yankov

At the moment there is no morphological differences. Previously it was thought that E. fetida is a stripy worm and E. andrei is uniformly coloured (red) this is why its first (but unavailable) name was E. unicolor.

Recently, investigating Iranian samples we have shown, that all the material (both striped and with uniform colour) belong molecularly to the E. andrei clade. So the only way is barcoding which is quite consistent showing two highly divergent Mt. clades.

To Anoop: It is not surprising that veneta differs from fetida/andrei; it belongs to a different genus Dendrobaena for a long time but erroneously time to time appears under the name E. veneta in the literature.

Cross sectioning and sem microscopy should give you good indications about their exact size. Check also the orientation of them and where they are located, along grain boundaries if they grow within your material, what microstructural features they follow. You can also do a chemical analysis at the cracked regions to see if the chemical compositiin plays a role.

But in general size orientation and the microstructural 'weak' features it follows are the important parameters.

The morpholgical features of monocytes had been described in the WHO 2008 classification to differentiate monoblasts from pro-monocytes and pro-monocytes from abnormal monocytes (figure 1). Pro-monocytes are considered "monoblasts equivalents" when the percentage of blasts is required for the diagnose of different types of acute leukemias of monocyte lineage. It's important that abnormal monocytes are excluded from the blasts count.

Previous photos are from an acute monoblastic leukemia (acute myeloid leukemia not otherwise specified in the WHO classification; M5b in the FAB classification) and constitute an interesting exercise to distinguish different types of monocytes. In the figure 2, a naphtyl butyrate esterase staining of bone marrow.

I think Olena is on the right path. I believe this death is called oncotic necrosis. Looks like giant blebs are forming. Something is either preventing the primary Na/K pump from working or energy production is severely impaired.

Dear Reuben Reyes, thank you for your attention and your help.

Dear Ali, In Macedonia' s literature homophones are elaborated in the part that cope with lexical issue. But, one angle of dealing with homophones can be semantics too. It depends on the aspect from which you are approaching,

Kind regrads,

V. Janusheva

Hi there,

Basically OD of cell suspension is actually a measurement of light diffusion due to the cells rather than light absorption. So the result depends on the geometry of the spec (if PM is farther from the cuvette, OD is bigger) which is not standardized (distance between PM and cuvette is not a constant therefore the same sample will give different OD value depending on this distance). So comparing data is complicated if they haven't been collected with the same apparatus.

Dear Kumail,

Yes, if they are identifiable to the family or genus level, they can be included in the thesis and even your paper (by mentioning them as e.g. Araneus sp., Araneidae gen. sp.), it would only be problematic if one tries to designate a new name on the basis of juvenile specimens (in other words, describe a new species. I personally haven't seen this happen in modern arachnology, only in old papers) which could potentially lead to several nomen dubia.

Best,

Alireza

Although it is fully understood that a L- and D- amino acids are have different spectral and physical properties than DL-amino acids,  less known is that an equimolar mixtures of L and DL amino acids often also have very different spectral and physical properties than either pure L or a racemic  DL mixture.

Thanks for the suggestion. I am trying the same. It is getting better but still the problem exists.

KPC lines do attach. The problem is not all those stressed cells detach and float. So it is difficult to get rid of all stressed cells.

Dear Saba Aziz,

your question is very interesting but is very complex as well. The growth morphology of a crystal depends on the ratios between the different growth rates of its faces. THe growth rate of a face depends, in turn, on its surface structure, on the supersaturation of the mother phase and on the temperature (when working in the absence of impurities, of course). The dependence on the Temperature is an exponential dependence concerning the activation energies for a growth unit to enter the kinks in the growing steps of a face...and so on.  The best way is to study an interesting book:

 Crystal Growth for Beginners

Fundamentals of Nucleation, Crystal Growth and Epitaxy 

2nd Edition, WORLD SCIENTIFIC

By (author): Ivan V Markov (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria)

This is the first-ever textbook on the fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy. It has been written from a unified point of view and is thus a non-eclectic presentation of this interdisciplinary topic in materials science. The reader is required to possess some basic knowledge of mathematics and physics. All formulae and equations are accompanied by examples that are of technological importance. The book presents not only the fundamentals but also the state of the art in the subject. The second revised edition includes two separate chapters dealing with the effect of the Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier for down-step diffusion, as well as the effect of surface active species, on the morphology of the growing surfaces. In addition, many other chapters are updated accordingly. Thus, it serves as a valuable reference book for both graduate students and researchers in materials science.

All the best !!!

Dino

Sustainable agriculture is implemented through an integrated concept of production. Do I have enough material on this production if you are interested?.

Dear Haifeng,

It really depends on what you want to know. For example, if you are interested in the morphology of your compound, you can try SEM. TEM is also a good analysis presenting an image with the deepness of the compound. For characterization, usually CHN, EDX and IR are reported in the articles. For IR, you should take an IR from your ligand (amino acid) and one from the complex and then compare them and see the shifting in the peaks. H NMR can be also very helpful in this case. If you are eager about thermal stability of your compound, then you should apply for a TGA analysis. Finally the most important technique:  X-ray. The real structure and actual geometry of your complex can present by X-ray so try to make a single crystal from your complex. 

Cheers,

Ashkan

There are several papers on flies/worms related to human genital myiasis, but species ID would be difficult. Smith (1989) has an entire chapter devoted to diptera and myiasis. You may check that book available online (see below). As already said by Shuvra, photo's may help.

Hi Antonio,

Prolymphocytic leukaemia (PLL) is my first differential. Meanwhile, does the patient has organomegaly, especially splenomegaly?

Thanks alot

Hello, 

You should have mentioned what type of particles you are working with. What you observe depends on the material of the nanoparticles. In the past i had investigated this effect for the case of gold nanoparticles protected by citrate ions. We found that in that particular case the protonation of the citrate ions was the reason why the size changed with pH. 

You may find this article useful. 

pH tunable morphology of the gold nanoparticles produced by citrate reduction

Materials Chemistry and Physics

Volume 108, Issue 1, 15 March 2008, Pages 45-54

Other people have investigated this effects

Partial pressure ratio of Argon and oxygen may also be 3:2 or 2:1.Oxygen is generally used to restore the oxygen content in the material like YBCO(123) during deposition.Argon is suitable as it is non-reactive with the composition of the target.

Hi Xuezhi,

As Justyna mentioned, only the cells in Fig.1 looks like healthy, undifferentiated iPSC. The other seem more like neural stem cell cultures (in Fig.3 there is a small colony tightly attached, still looking like undifferentiated but the other cells around are far too part apart for a good iPSc colony).

As a reason I can think of the medium kept in the fridge so long -  I also use mTeSR1 but do not keep it for more than 2 weeks once thawed. So please use a new aliquot. Do you seed your cells on matrigel? Make sure your coating is supporting the cells (i.e. if you changed to a new batch or different procedure for the coating, etc.)

Hope these will help -  good luck!

When you are preparing your sample by cutting and polishing, you are imposing sample prep artifacts that may have been created during cutting, grinding and polishing. For fracture fractography, you should look at the surface without any external mechanical preparation. If you had some SEM images of a cut samples before test, you can compare the before and after SEM images to see if any compression mark/induced stress region could be observed. However, it will be nothing conclusive. COuld you please let me know why you can not increase the load or change the geometry and break the alloy and do the fractography? There is a known strength of the alloy, I guess.

It is quite clear even from Komarek (2013) that a lot of revision is indeed needed.

Anyways thanks a lot for your answer.

Good publications attached above but iron comes from the bauxite ore and ferrous metals such as melting tools and dies, and is one of the most troublesome impurities in aluminum cast materials.