Molten Salts - Science topic

I am working with a molten salt mixture that is solid at room temperatures but in the system operates exclusively in the liquid state. In Aspen Plus, I use the databank to define the components, and use ELECNRTL as method. Then in the simulation environment I specify the mass percentages of the three nitrates in a mass stream entering a heat exchanger. However, when analyzing the density and dynamic viscosity, I observe significant deviations from the experimental data I have available.

Creating a user-defined component with limited data introduces substantial errors, leading to inaccurate results in the heat exchanger simulation.

How can I adjust the properties of the salt mixture when using the three nitrates?

Kind regards,

Chiel

Does the Curie point of a material, if lower than the operating temperature, affect the accuracy or reliability of electrochemical measurements? I am conducting electrochemical measurements at approximately 900 °C using various molten salts as the electrolyte. My challenge lies in identifying an affordable material to replace platinum for the wires attached to my electrodes (in my case, the reference and the counter electrodes are both platinum rods). The material must:

I initially tested copper wires but found them unsuitable due to rapid degradation. I am exploring other options and would greatly appreciate any suggestions based on experience or literature.

Additionally, I am curious about the impact of the Curie point of materials (if below the operating temperature) on the measurement system. Specifically, does the loss of ferromagnetic properties at high temperatures interfere with the electrochemical system's performance?

Any advice, insights, or references on these issues would be immensely helpful.

Dear all: I want to simulate the storage tank of molten salt for 4 hours without any new molten salt feeding in. But the Hysys programe there is a continuous feeding in of the molten salt which means that the storage tank will always be filled with 100 % molten salt. I am trying to simulate the noncontinuous feeding in the tank to set a limit for 4 hours, so I can see the different result from the simulation. Your suggestion on the matter would be very much appreciate.

How can we achieve the effect of the added magnetic field on the electrolysis process during molten salt electrolysis?

Dear colleagues,

Does anyone knows specific energy consumption for production of metallic lithium, sodium, magnesium and calcium by molten salt electrolysis. Reliable reference will be nice.

Many thanks in advance

It is a molten salt system, not water solution.

Please get in touch if you are willing to cooperate on a research paper with some computations on Thero-Calc. You must have a license to use the Thero-Calc software.

My emails:

I am trying to synthesize a complex nitride material from their respective oxides. How can we achieve it by means of Molten salt synthesis technique?

There are a lot of information about electrolysis of a single molten salt, but much less about mixture of saltd. I Would like to know the product of this electrolysis.

Please refer to the photo attached. I am currently trying to determine my ionic conductivity with Galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (GEIS) with a 3 electrode setup.

Cathode and Anode are stainless steel, PP as the separator, and molten salts + lithium salt as the electrolyte.

The frequency range is from 1Hz to 1MHz, with 10mV AC amplitude.

May I know what caused the negative impedance value on both of the axis, and what caused the spiral behaviour in the high frequency? Please refer to the photo attached.

Hello Everyone,

I would like to know the various molten salts in CSP Plants for TES and have greater stability at higher operating temperatures. Are there any actual working or Prototype for these plants other than Solar and Hitec Solar Salt and if so could you please share the working conditions of those plants.

Regards.

A ceramic material (Carbide) is synthesized using the molten salt (NaCl-KCl) method. After heating at 1000 degrees it is then naturally cooled down to room temperature. Now I need to remove the excess salt. How do I remove it? Any methods to effectively remove these salts. Kindly enlighten me

Can i find any DSC For binary salt LiNO3,KNO3 to see the phase change on it

According to attached photo i find all molten salt is mix salt from the same family

like nitrate or carbonates or fluorides and so on .......

so why i don not find molten salt as mix between nitrate and carbonates or in general mix between different family

Many Research Articles are describing the salt bed for placing the samples and is placed in an alumina crucible and heated to several degrees. I need an answer in preparing the salt bed in which composition and ratio?

Dear researchers, is there anyone who know the chemical exergy amount of "Molten salt" (60NaNO3_40KNO3) which use in the solar towers.. .

Can single crystal materials be prepared via electrochemistry in aqueous solutions, ionic liquids or molten salts?I have hardly seen any reports on this, may I ask why this is? I look forward to your answers and comments! It would also be helpful if any book or article is shared which explains these details.

I am thinking about working on solar furnace with heliostats that concentrate sunlight and heat molten salt, but currently no luck with research. Not a lot of papers based on the subject. (check out solar furnace at Odeillo). My group wants to work on something like that, with max temperature to be around 800-1000 deg Celsius.

Are there any handbooks or websites for checking the dissolubility of metal oxides or metal carbonates in various molten salts? If there are, could you give me some recommendation?

Thank you very much

The formation of a ceramic layer on the carbon steel surface is proposed as a method to protect carbon steel against corrosion by molten salt at high temperature > 500°C. Has anyone the expertise to explain the protection mechanisms and the effectiveness of the protection method?

I measure the specific heat capacity (Cp) of molten salt using MDSC. Thus, I need to know how to calculate the Uncertainty of these measures.

Thank you.

HTF is one of the most important components for overall performance and efficiency of CSP systems. Since a large amount of HTF is required to operate a CSP plant, it is necessary to minimize the cost of HTF while maximizing its performance. This means that we are looking for an HTF with the Characteristics:

- Low melting point.

- High boiling point and thermal stability.

- Low vapor pressure (<1 atm) at high temperature.

- Low corrosion with metal alloys used to contain the HTF.

- Low viscosity.

- High thermal conductivity.

- High heat capacity for energy storage.

- Low cost.

Can I find an open-source software to simulate the thermo-physical properties of a mixture of Molten Salts as a Heat Transfer Fluid?

I need a software to simulate a electrolysis process in a molten salt I need to know regards flow simulation and reaction inside crucible and usual flowsheet, because we have to add to this system others elements in the plant which could be in aspen hysys.

I have prepared the stable water-in-oil Pickering emulsion by using stearic acid-modified CaCO3 nanoparticles. The oil phase is toluene and the dispersed phase is deionized water. I want to use this approach to make the microcapsule containing molten salt. Will an addition of salt (NaCl, NaNO3,....) destabilize the water-in-oil Pickering emulsion system above? I just need a small amount of molten salt to be encapsulated.

Thank you so much.

The history of molten salts research and applications is very long, but ionic liquids have attracted far more attention, particularly since early 1990s when room temperature molten organic salts were reported. Without using a furnace, experiments in ionic liquids become more convenient, although applications of ionic liquids are still at much smaller scales compared to those of molten salts. Nevertheless, apart from melting temperatures, research in the past three decades has revealed more contrary properties between these two types of liquid salts, such as ionic conductivity, viscosity and chemical stability. Discussions and debates have continued globally, but in the UK scientists gather twice a year to report and exchange views on research and technological development involving either or both liquid salts. Such a discussion is to take place in Churchill College, University of Cambridge between 12-14 (Monday to Wednesday) August 2019 (https://www.msdg.uk/summer-2019-research-meeting) when famous scientists, such as Prof. Sadoway (molten salts) and Welton (ionic liquids) will lead the discussions.

The thermal radiation transfer in molten salt is usually neglected in researches. Does anyone knows the reason ?

Are there any research (experimental data) focusing on the absorption coefficient of molten salt(Hitec, solar salt, etc.) in the wavelength of 2-15 um?

Thorium MSRs can be built on an assembly line very much quicker and cheaply than conventional uranium reactors. A fast track to mitigating climate change

molten salt chlorination process of TiO2?

my major problem is with the corrosion of reactor in high temperature and presence of chlorine and molten salt

molten salt chlorination process of TiO2?

Hello

I'm trying to synthesise CCTO using the molten salt approach. The reactants used are CaO, CuO and TiO₂. The salts I've tried so far were KCl and KBr (3x weight of reactants). First I grind the reactants in agate mortar, then I add the salt and mill the mixture using ZrO₂ ball mill with ZrO₂ balls in methanol for 4h. After milling and drying the mixture is placed in corundum crucible and calcinated in 800^oC for 5 hours. After calcination the powder is sintered, gray-ish black inside and white/a bit green-ish on the outside, where it had access to air. After grinding and XRD examination there's no sign of CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ phase. I would be greatful for any advice regarding this particular problem and molten salt synthesis in general.

Thanks in advance

How can I generate 3D conformation ionic liquids or molten salts to be analyzed in DFT calculations?

I want to generate conformers with different relative positions of the cation and anion.

If any knows help me

Regards.

I am doing electrochemical experiments in molten salts between 600-800C. I need a platinum electrode, but I cannot afford to have a 25cm length of platinum wire coming out of my furnace. My hope is to weld 3-5cm of platinum to another metal (such as tungsten) to connect to my potentiostat.

Dear experts,

I am trying to study the affect of Zinc doped BeO, as far as I know, beryllium oxide have a large band gap about 10 eV, while ZnO have 3.3 eV, both of them crystallize in wurtzite structure.. and there is a large mismatch between Be ionic radius (0.27) and Zn ionic radius (0.6).. Can I force Zn atom to replace the Be atom in the unit cell to produce a doped powder...

Any suggestion will be really helpful...

Best regards...

mohammed

Molten Salt can reach a temp above 550 C in this type of Heliostat Solar Tower. So this heat source should cause a high temp inlet temp heat input for the ORC cycle (Lets say R245fa is the W/F here). But we also know that, over 400 C, Organic fluids are thermally unstable.

The project I'm dealing with already proposed Solar Tower as the Heat source using molten salt that'll be integrated with an ORC.

I am looking to simulate the properties like thermal conductivity and heat capacity of different ionic liquids.

I also need to build my theoratical background in this area so advice in this regard is also appreciated.

Standard ultrasonic velocity transducers can work up to 60°C ambient temperature. However, for high temperature application (i.e. molten salt and metals) measurement of high temperatures (up to 500°C) are sometimes necessary. Are you aware of any research grade ultrasonic velocity transducers (2 MHz or 4 MHz) with BNC connector - compatible for use in such an application?

Absorption of about 10ppm is required.

I am student doing masters thesis work. Project topic- Design of solar thermal storage facility for 50 MW solar thermal power plant.

CSP molten salt 

Hello everyone, I calculated the standard rate constant of Tb³⁺ at the liquid Zn electrode in LICl-KCl melt by CV. The result is about ~10^-4 cms^-1. I found some standard rate constants on the inert electrode in various molten salt, which these values are calculated to be 10^-2 ~ 10^-3 cms^-1. And it makes me wonder that this parameter at liquid Zn electrode is smaller than that on the inert electrode. Is this normal? What is the real reason for the  case? Thanks!

I read some papers about molten-salt electrolysis. But most of them are used chloride，e.g. KCl-NaCl as eletrolyte. Why sulfate are not used as eletrolyte? In water environment, I know that chloride solution has less resistance , and better electrowinning efficiency than sulfate solution in electrowinning process (like MnSO4 and MnCl2 solution ). But there are still some sulfate used for electrowinning. 

Molten nitrate salt corrosion of steels at high temperatures. Presently I am immersing my samples in molten salt in a Boat. But I am suspecting some hanging the samples can improving my experiments. But not sure. Can any one tell me which is the best and why?  

I already checked corrosion with SS316L, SS316, SS304, copper ,brass and aluminum. but short time test. All materials has corrosion because of high temperature.I want to construct the experimental device and want to study the melting and solidification characteristics of this mixture. I want to search appropriate material of test section for molten salt mixture to prevent corrosion.

Can anyone share comsol .MPH file for electrodeposition or consult me on how one can do it. I've got a molten salt electrolyte LiOH, KOH and MnCL2 at 280 deg C. I need to examine how concentration gradient of depositions/deposition rates are affected as I change some material and process conditions. Help!

 Carbonaceous material is synthesized in molten salt. 

I would like to use a NaNO3/KNO3 (46:54 by weight) molten salt bath to heat up to 300C. I will be using standard 100ml round bottom flasks.

Can someone with experience with salt baths advise me on any safety hazards associated with them?

How do you heat the baths? Can I use a standard hotplate?

Can I use a standard crystallization dish as a container for the salt bath? If no what type of container should I use?

What is a suitable stainless steel alloy that resist against sever basic condition?

LiCl-KCl+UCl3 is used as electrolyte in a electrorefiner for separating uranium from spent nuclear fuel.

I have found different combinations / proportions provided in the literature for the Hitec XL commercial ternary nitrate mixture salt.

Ca:K:Na-NO3 (wt%) ==> 44:44:12 (Sandia National Labs), 48:45:7 (Kearney Associates) and few more.

Can anybody tell me the correct combination of Hitec XL commercial ternary nitrate mixture salt?

Is there any method available to keep the salt being molten efficiently?

Take an example of sodium-nickel-chloride battery (ZEBRA battery): It operates at temperature of about 245°C where molten sodium aluminum chloride is used for electrolyte with melting temperature of 157°C.

Normally impedance spectra are used for computing electrical conductivity of molten salts, whose conductivity is a few S/cm. I want to know a simple approach which can measure the conductivity of a molten salt directly, like aqueous solutions.

Kindly assist.

I need vapor pressure data or calculation of vapor pressure for molten salts.

I am interested in analyzing molten salt mixtures for which I require its spectral properties such as optical constants or complex refractive index (real and imaginary values, n and k respectively).

The spectral range of interest is the visible spectrum (preferably 300nm to 800nm).

I am interested in exploring the following salt mixtures;

1. Ternary eutectic (25.9 wt% LiNO3, 20.06 wt% NaNO3, 54.1 wt% KNO3)

2. HITEC (53 wt% KNO3, 40 wt% NaNO2, and 7 wt% NaNO3) i.e. nitrate-nitrite ternary salt mixture.

3. Solar salt (60 wt% NaNO3, 40 wt% KNO3)

4. Hitec XL (45 wt% KNO3, 48 wt% Ca(NO3)2, and 7 wt% NaNO3) i.e. calcium nitrate salt.

Could any one please shed light as to where I could obtain such data?

Any books, references, links available?