Molecular Markers - Science topic

Dear Professor/Researcher, I am pleased to inform you that we are currently editing a 6-volume book on Plant Genome Editing for potential publication by Springer. We aim to gather contributions from a diverse array of international authors, including esteemed scientists such as yourself. Given your expertise in the field, we invite you to submit a chapter on a topic from the provided list of titles or propose an alternative topic that aligns with the book's theme without duplicating existing titles. Please confirm your interest in participating within a week. Send a provisional title, a rough outline or abstract, and a list of potential co-authors after confirmation, as these details can be tentative at this stage. We eagerly await your confirmation email and, ultimately, your manuscript. Thank you very much for your interest in writing a book chapter for our book series Genome Editing for Sustainable Agriculture Book Series Volumes 1 through 11 (Springer)". The series consists of 11 volumes, and you are welcome to choose any of them to contribute a chapter. Please note that I have not yet updated the list. So you can select more than one chapter per volume. Volume 1 13Genome editing in plants via CRISPR/Cas9 21Plant Genome Editing examination of technological developments and difficulties 22Plant genome editing: Prospects, Progress, Implications, and Cautions 17Perspectives on social, ethical, policy, and governance issues for CRISPR-edited plants’ Volume 2 still has the following available chapters: 8  Plant genome editing without PAM by utilizing a CRISPR-SpRY toolkit 13 An extensible vector toolkit and parts library for advanced engineering of plant genomes Volume 3 still has the following available chapters: 6  Quantifying on and off-target plant genome editing 7   Quantitative assessment of genome editing 8 Deep learning improves the prediction of plant genome editing. 11  Plant breeding using orthogonal genome editing and transcriptional activation facilitated by CRISPR-Combo 16    Monitoring footprints CRISPR-mediated genome editing Volume 4 still has the following available chapters: 2   Genome editing translational research in plants 4 Genome editing patents worldwide 8 Genome editing in dicot: opportunities and challenges 14 Risk of off-target plant genome editing 15 Using CRISPR-TSKO technology for tissue specific Plant genome editing 19 Commercialization of technology for genome editing Plant Genome editing and future prospects of molecular marker Volume 5 still has the following available chapters: 7 Genome editing for toxicity 8 Genome editing for flooding 9 Genome editing for radiation 10  Genome editing for natural disaster Volume 6 still has the following available chapters: 7 Genome editing for toxicity 8 Genome editing for flooding 9 Genome editing for radiation 10 Genome editing for natural disaster Genome editing for pollution Kind regards Khaled

MOLECULAR MARKER

Good afternoon. Please tell me, are there molecular markers of zeina genes for the purpose of genotyping lines and varieties? There are Asid-PAGE and SDS-PAGE methods for studying the polymorphism of zein-coding loci in maize. But I have not yet been able to find molecular markers based on the PCR reaction (ISSSR, SSR, etc.)

I have isolated granulosa cells from mice ovary using puncture method. Cells are healthy and growing in DMEM. Their morphology is same as granulosa cells. However I would like to use a molecular markers or Immunohistochemistry method to authenticate them further, before downstream use. Can anyone suggest the best methods and markers for the same ?

I have been observing double bands for protein molecular marker(especially 15 kDa band) every time I am doing SDS-PAGE. Sometimes even the samples appear to have a double band. These are 12.5% handmade gels and sample running voltage is 160 V. Can anyone suggest how to resolve this issue.

Thank you for your answers.

Molecular markers are specific DNA sequences that can be used to identify and track particular genes or genetic traits of interest in plant breeding programs. These markers serve as tools to assist breeders in selecting plants with desired traits more efficiently and accurately. Molecular markers can be used to determine genetic relatedness, assess genetic diversity within populations, identify specific genes responsible for traits, and facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS) or marker-assisted breeding (MAB) techniques.

I am testing molecular marker association (different combinations) with a trait. How can we apply this test on SPSS for different molecular marker interactions? Any kind of contribution is welcome.

Could you please recommend some molecular markers for identifying the genes for disease resistance such as blast (Pita, Ph-k, Piz), bacterial leaf blight (Xa12, Xa7, xa5, etc...), brown plant hopper (BPH17, BPH18, BPH37, etc,...). Thanks!

To breed rice for drought tolerance, is it feasible to start selection in the F2 by picking out offspring harbouring certain molecular markers, given that it is expected that these QTLs will continue segregating in the subsequent generations? Or is it better to keep selfing a hybrid population until the F5 or F6 and then start selection?

There are different plant barcoding regions present in plants like RbcL which stands for Ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase and MatK which is Maturase K.

So what are these regions stands for which include; trnH-psbA, trn L, rpoC1, rpoC2, rpoB, accD, psb k1 and atpF-F?

I run my gene specific primer PCR product on 2.5% Agarose it did not show any amplification only primer dimer was seen

But the same product I used in 8% PAGE gel (with silver staining process) it shown the amplification result

What is the reason behind it...

We need to sequence markers to perform phylogenetic analysis of a snake but the only material we currently have available is a dried blood sample. I would like to know if it is feasible or possible to obtain information from this type of sample.

Thank you.

if samples are limited, e.g., less than 10 samples per population, which molecular markers are suitable(Microsatellites or SNPs generated by RAD-seq)? If you can provide some references for your opinion, it would be better. Thank you for your attention!

I got my fragment analysis results of Microsatellite markers designed using haploid species. I am using a gene marker to analyze the peaks. I read that since it is haploid, i should see only one peak (means one allele per locus?). But i see many for types of markers ( di, tri , ...) . I want to select polymorphic markers and want to score them for population analysis.

Also, gene marker has the option only to analyze plant dinucleotide and plant fragments. So i am not sure what settings should i select for fungal species?

i would appreciate if someone could clear my doubts?

We have SSR marker (150) based genotypic data of 190 rice landraces. Want to prepare a research article. Which kind of analysis may be performed with these data? Kindly give your opinion and suggestions.

Regards

Parmeshwar

Large germplasm collections may have several duplicates which need to be removed from the set. DUS characterization based on morphological traits are the best way to differentiate them. But it is very tough to DUS characters in large germplasm lines. Is there any method in molecular breeding to identify the duplicates in huge germplasm collections of rice? Kindly give your opinion and suggestions.

As SSR are most widely used markers in major cereals. They are highly reliable (i.e. reproducible), co-dominant in inheritance, relatively simple and cheap to use and generally highly polymorphic. What other factors can affect polymorphism in case of SSR markers?

In case of morphological markers are also not available

I want to visualize EOMES, a transcription factor, in CD8 T cells. I am planning to perform an immunofluorescence test and I was wondering what kind of stain or chemicals I can use to enable the visualization of internal markers of a cell.

As I have started a new research work, I am looking into the circadian rythm and genes that controll it in mammal models. In order to do this experimentally I need to find consistent molecular indicators for when the Night and Day genes are activated respectively.

Which would you consider relevant?

Do you know about any molecular markers in bronchial cell lines that indicate the expression of Night/Day genes?

I am differentiating bone-marrow cells into bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) using M-CSF.

What is a reliable specific gene marker for bone marrow Common Myeloid Progenitors that is lost or downregulated during differentiation into monocyte and then macrophage?

Thanks,

J

Most of the current existing plants are the result of an adaptation of plants to various factors, especially the environment, of course, there are small portions of species or cultivar plants produced by humans. This evolutionary and adaptation process results in various species of plants growing only in certain geographic environments, where could be owned by certain countries based on the territory. A country where certain plants have grown may claim that this particular endemic plant belongs to the concerned country. Please give an opinion, whether this claim can be justified or not? Is DNA barcoding needed to be legal evidence to support the claim concerning those certain plants?

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has created new ways of revealing DNA polymorphisms among closely related genotypes.Molecular markers which have been applied to Colletotrichum sp. diversity studies include internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers.

I'm doing my postgraduate studies and I am developing my research on the taxonomy of polyclads (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida). In addition, I am doing molecular taxonomy, so I am interested about knowing the best molecular marker for this taxa.

I thank in advance for your help and support.

Kind regards

Turmeric is a polyploid and vegetatively propagated crop. Usually, F1 populations are used to identify QTLs. As this crop generally has no viable seed, what is the best approach to genarate QTLs.

Which mapping function is preferred for linkage map construction; Haldane's or Kosambi mapping function?

What are the effects of each one on the resulted linkage groups?

Hi everyone I am running Structure version 2.3.4 programme smoothly.But now I am facing problem that in Result folder I am getting only one file although I am setting k=2 to k=10 and iterations 5 with admixture model format. Earlier there was not any problem.

Hello everyone,

I am looking at markers that I can use for qPCR to check the phenotype of microglia after primary microglia culture. I found a protocol to prepare microglia from pups but I would like to check their phenotype after culture to be sure to have microglia before starting assays on these cells.

Can you help me ?

Audrey

I have target sequences that I want to blast and then extract from all Glires reference genomes on NCBI along with 500bps upstream and downstream of each top match for a few hundred sequences. Does anyone have any suggestions on a good automated way of doing this? All I want are the sequences so that I can add them to the aligns I have made.

Thank you for any guidance.

The true composition of soil organic matter and soil carbon processes are very complex. Accurately distinguishing carbon components in soil is the bottleneck of current research. Molecular markers with certain specificity and stability can be used as an important methods to distinguish different carbon pools, e.g., amino sugars, phospholipid fatty acids and lignin. Apart from these, What other molecular markers do you know?

Hi all

I am working on markers assisted selection and I wish to know the sequence of primer of this marker(MahSe2) linked to resistance of cowpea to Striga.

Best regards

I would like to know if there is any literature on the genes that are considered the best molecular markers for phylogenetic analysis on the Metazoa scale.

After doing a selective neutrality test of the molecular markers I worked with, it turned out that 30% of the markers are subject to selection and the remaining 70% are neutral, should I do my study with those who are neutral only or should i use all of them?

I am going to start DNA molecular markers using DAMD and SSR on the confirmation of true-to-type cloned plants in plant tissue culture.

I came across that many genetical statistics had been used such as PCA.

How am I going to apply PCA on my study?

Is it something like:

I have plenty primers for DAMD and SSR, after running the gel eletrophoresis and calculated similarity index, I run PCA on the similarity index...then I group the primers up, and redo the grouped primers??

I was hoping someone might be able to provide some insight into what could be causing our issues with protein SDS-PAGE. We are using the BioRad mini-PROTEAN tetra cell. If anyone recognizes any of the symptoms of our issues, please share your expertise and help us diagnose the problem!

I have also attached some images for consideration.

Here is a brief summary of our issues:

- Our separation is taking significantly longer than it should; some times it can take ~1.5-2 hours @120V, we also had an instance where @110V the dye front did not migrate more than an inch after 3 hours

- gels are separating at the wrong %; for instance, we have been making 8 and 10% gels that separate as if they were 12 or 15%

- our BioRad dual color pre-stained ladder will begin to disappear around the 75kDa marker; this effect will then permeate the molecular markers above it and slowly disappear also. The weird thing is you can see a pink/blue tinge throughout that lane, so it is almost like the ladder is not migrating at a specific front, but is instead just diffusing throughout the lane

- some of our gels will also show uneven migration with one side of the gel migrating faster than the other

- the dye front runs uneven

One of the frustrating issues is that this is apparently random. Sometimes one SDS-PAGE run will work fine, other times only 1 of 4 gels might be affected by something, and they generally only show one problem when there is a problem at all.

These will then translate over into issues with our Western where there is noticeable unevenness in the protein signal especially in the middle lanes. Interestingly, when our ladder begins to disappear, our protein signals below 75kDa are completely fine, signals near 75kDa are entirely uneven and splotchy, and signals ~100kDa and above will begin to show signs of issues depending on the severity of the disappeared ladder.

The random nature of the issue has made it very difficult to trouble shoot.

These are things we have tried to troubleshoot so far:

- Remade all of our buffers

- purchased new acrylamide

- purchased pre-casted gels

- changed out our old power system for a brand new one

- tried different pre-stained ladders

- used other labs to make all of our materials

None of this has helped. One of the only promising things we have tried was using another labs SDS-PAGE equipment. These were definitely running noticeably quicker with no obvious errors. We have also used other labs equipment with our reagents and it has seemed fine.

I have narrowed the issue down to either being our power packs or our power outlets. I find it hard to believe it is the power pack as we have issues whether we use an old one, or one that is new and has only been used maybe a dozen times. I am also not sure if it might be a power supply issue as plugging another labs power pack into the same outlet showed improvement.

At this point, we are completely at a loss. If anyone has any insight, I would really appreciate it.

Mutant 195 mice treated with iso stimulation showed upregulation of all molecular markers in amles and down regulation with emfales ??

Any explanation ? I did only suggest a protective effect (antihypertrophy of estrogenes )

Thank you

My question is about how to distinguish two Phytophthora species infecting the same host and is responsible for causing the same disease. Which molecular marker can I use to distinguish between the two species of Phytophthora.

Morphologicaly these two species cannot be distinguished from one another, so we have to rely on molecular markers. Can any body enlighten me on which molecular markers are to be used for solving the particular problem.

I didnt add any molecular marker in sample. moreover light bands are seen.

My protein is showing proteolytic activity and fibrinolytic activity too.

But bands are very light .

please tell me what can i do for proper bands.

Hello everyone, I would be very grateful if you could give me guidance on the use of transcription factors as molecular markers. I am studying senescence in fruits through the analysis of transcriptome and I´m looking for genes of interest that serve to explain the differences between the different varieties of fruits.

I´m interested in the transcription factors associated with the metabolic pathways that lead to the senescence of the fruit , but I'm not sure if studying it that way is the right thing to do, since many similar studies only focus on one metabolic pathway or one specific gene within the same pathway. I feel that it would be more interesting to study the transcription factor because it is capable of modulating multiple routes, so it can be a marker that defines whether a fruit has a more rapid maturation than another. I hope you understand my question, thank you very much to those who comment.

Success to all.

It is well known fact that Indian aquaculture is mostly confined to carp farming. Most of the carp hatcheries do not maintain data on pedigree. It is not sure that how many times brooders are changed in the hatcheries. It is said that declining productivity is observed in the carp farming due to inbreeding happening in the hatcheries. Therefore, I wish to know that molecular markers can be useful to estimate the inbreeding accurately. It yes, the result would be the same that of classical method.

pcr, upland cotton

Dear my professors and colleagues,

I prepare a review about use biotechnology and molecular marker at poultry breeding.

I want your help.

I am trying to use the molecular marker information to estimate the additive and residual genetic variances in multi-location trial dataset and wonder any suggestion on best software or package to construct a genomic relationship matrix

Is there any reports that Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) pre-treatment in seeds can cause changes in genome sequence?

Can H₂O₂ works as mutagen?

I have isolated DNA from 382 plants without running them on gel . I thought i will run them together after one month of completed extraction i found a long band of smear on my gel for all of my samle . I want to run SSR marker for these sample what i dont know is this possible or not . Nanodrop conc. of all of my sample is ranging from 500- 2000 ng/microlitre with A260/A280 ratio of 1.8 -2.02. lease tell me what should i do ,i cant perfom dna ext6raction of this much sample again . My gel images are attached below

I am interested in molecular markers study of cordyline spp. there is no literature available on ISSR ,SSR or even RAPD of cordylines. Can anyone help that how to select best primers?

I reconstructed a Bayesian phylogeny using MrBayes in CIPRES for further study in BayesTraits, but BayesTreesConverter returns an error because there are no branch lengths in the posterior sample of trees.

Checking the parameters in CIPRES, I specified 'yes' for savebrlens.

Is this normal? Could it be the large size of the alignment, 4 molecular markers for 1280 taxa?

How genetic diversity in a plant species can be corelated with molecular marker

I would like to know what is the best methodological approach to align non coding sequences. In the other hand, I'm using ITS molecular marker (nrDNA in plants), this marker has secondary structure and it has been suggested that it could be used to improve alignment. I don't know which tool could perform an alignment of ITS sequences using information from the secondary structure. Thank you in advance!

My question is that how it can be ensured that methyl jasmonate treatment works well? How we can demonstrate the activation of methyl jasmonate response at morphological, physiological and molecular level in treated plants?

I am investigating the feasibility of validating my IHC-based protein expression analysis in FFPET samples using TaqMan protein assays. I wonder if anyone has any experience with these assays?

I am interested in their accuracy when using protein extracted from FFPET, the ease of creating protein-specific probes with user-supplied antibodies and the difficulty in identifying suitable controls?

Is there a study on the molecular diversity of Lepidium or other Brassicaceae plants using Start Codon Targetted Polymorphism (SCoT) marker?

Can the SCoT primers used for other plants be used for Lepidium?

Using data from ITS massive parallel sequencing, is it possible to do an silico functional inference similarly to what is it done to 16S rRNA gene using PICRUSt or Piphillin?

These softwares are used for bacterial functional inference, IS there available any similiar software for fungi molecular markers?

Thank you in adavance!

Variety of markers like RAPD, ISSR, SNP, etc. used in plants, among them which one is best to solve the taxonomic problems in plants?

HeLa is an immortal cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest and most commonly used human cell line. The line was derived from cervical cancer cells taken on February 8, 1951 from Henrietta Lacks, a patient who died of cancer on October 4, 1951.

Gene mapping describes the methods used to identify the locus of a gene and the distances between genes. The essence of all genome mapping is to place a collection of molecular markers onto their respective positions on the genome.

I'm currently trying to isolate pET28a via alkaline lysis. This has worked once but only resulted in around 20ng of product (I assume due to the low copy no.) which is not enough for consequent steps. Today both myself and professor repeated this (x4 to try and retrieve more product) with separate solutions but NO bands appeared on the gel - the molecular marker was clear so it doesn't appear to be an issue with running the gel itself.

The colony was incubated in LB treated with Kan (80µl in 80ml). Is this too low an amount of antibiotic? Can the antibiotic degrade and so this is why it hasn't worked with the repeats? Any advice would be appreciated.

When I perform western blot experiments I often get inconsistent results post transfer.

What I mean is that when I look at my PVDF membrane after the transfer step I can often see the molecular marker has transfered to the PVDF membrane, I can see the colours of the dye forming a ladder. The rest of the PVDF membrane is sometimes a perfect and single colour of white. Sometimes it appears to be a uniform white that has patches/blotches of a different colour white and sometimes parts of the gel appear to be a shiny and translucent colour. Sometimes it seems as if I can even see what appears to be the protein bands marked out in this fashion or sometimes the edges of the lanes of the gel. The western blot often works no problem regardess of what I see, and normally after being soaked in the blocking buffer in an hour any of these different patches go away and become uniformly white again. Sometimes my blots do fail however and I wonder if this has any contribution.

I cant find any information on this phenomen. How unusual is this?

I always activate the PVDF membrane in methanol for at least a minute, before soaking it in thransfer buffer for ten minutes (I soak the gel in transfer buffer for the same time) before assembling the transfer sandwich and doing a semi dry transfer.

Just to be clear I am talking about the appearance of the PVDF membrane straight after the transfer step. No antibodies have been applied and the blot has not been developed.

This is a question on statistical methods used in DNA research

Lately, many plant species are changing from species, genera, or even families due to studies in molecular makers. For example, teak and gmelina tree species were changed from Verbenaceae to Lamiaceae. The old Bombacopsis quinatum was changed first to Pachira quinata and now to Pochota fendlery. In the case of Orchids, the species of the genera Cattleya, Laelia, Schomburkia, and Sophronitis are suffering continuous changes in the classification of the various species within these genera. How sound are statistical techniques used to ensure these are real differences. What is the sampling method used?

There are a number of molecular markers such as RAPD, RFLP etc.. Why are SSR markers gaining popularity and attention as the markers of choice?

Hello,

I am starting a new project with DNA barcoding and I am not sure how to codify sequence DNA. In this project we are using the following molecular markers: rps16-trnk, rpl32-trnl and trnl-trnf (chloroplast).

Can anyone suggest me about-

We did MALDI- TOF/MS analysis for 15 protein spots in different time intervals and idetified both downregulated and upregulated proteins. Now how do we conclude those proteins were molecular markers for copper metal stress?

CURRENTLY AM DOING A RESEARCH FOCUSING ON TEA BREEDING USING MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR SPECIFIC TRAITS, I ALSO DO SAMPLE COLLECTION AND DNA EXTRACTION ON THE SAME

Cancer drug hobbled by diagnostic-test confusion

A landmark cancer drug was approved last year to target tumours with specific mutations, no matter where in the body the cancer first took root. Yet physicians are struggling to identify which patients are likely to respond to the treatment, because of limitations in diagnostic tests to pick out molecular markers that indicate susceptible tumours.

Please suggest inflammatory markers, in particular.

Dear Friends, Please suggest me , how i can calculate resolving power and allele frequency of a molecular marker (RAPD/ISSR). Is there any software to calculate these parameters?

Its to write a paper on sex differentiation of a population.

Hey, So i have a 39kDa Membrane Protein, cloned into pRSET C and transformed into C43, sequenced to makes sure everything is there and made a glycerol stock of.

From that glycerol stock i start a culture overnight, next day i pellet it, resuspend in fresh LB and inoculate a culture and let it grow to OD 0.6-0.7 where i add 1mM IPTG and let it grow for 4 more hours for induced and without iptg for uninduced. all at 37C. All standard stuff.

I tried lysis in about 500ul of 2 different buffers for 4ml cell cultures:

Buffer A: 25 mM TRIS-Cl, 2 mM EDTA, pH 7.6. 5mg/ml lysozyme

Buffer B: 40mM Na2HPO4, 300mM NaCl, 10mM Imidazole. ph 8. 1mg/ml lysozyme

Incubated at RT for about an hour( checked cells under phase microscope and i did see a bit of lysis but most of the cells were still intact with both buffers even tho the lysis was more with the EDTA but i observed the E coli aggregating into huge clusters in that buffer)

So lysozyme alone isn't working for lysis for me, EDTA or no EDTA

*Worth saying cell suspension turbidity was obervable higher for uninduced samples, i'll bring this up again later.

Sonicated both solution until turbidity was gone.

Centrifuged at 20000g for 20min

Separated into supernatant and pellet

Supernatant stored at 4C till next day, Pellet incubated in 8M Urea in respective buffers overnight.

Next day i run 12% SDS-Page and ive attached a picture. my protein is about 39KDa

Lane M , Molecular markers, Lane 1 supernatant uninduced Buffer B, Lane 2 supernatant induced Buffer B, Lane 3 supernatant uninduced Buffer A, Lane 4 supernatant induced Buffer A, Lane 5 pellet uninduced Buffer B, Lane 6 pellet induced Buffer B, Lane 7 Pellet uninduced Buffer A, Lane 8 pellet induced Buffer A

Could it be the basal expression is toxic? and like i mentioned uninduced cells also grew much more turbid. Could it be plasmid containing cells are dying upon induction?

I will try 1% glucose before induction to see if that will resolve the issue or at least give me a difference between induced and uninduced. Also will run an empty plasmid transformed cell.

Will Also try to Ni purify the pellet , in case the arrow ive indicated might be my protein. but i doubt it.

Is it possible they aren't toxic and just aren't being expressed, or solubilized by 8M Urea?

Western is not an option if you will recommend it.

PS Should i just go for a cell free system such as

PURExpress supplemented with liposomes?

I would like to put my cells in ATP depletion condition (10 mM NaN3, 6 mM 2-Deoxy-D-glucose) for 30 min to see the effect on the mobility of nuclear protein.

What would be good readout of ATP depletion in cell culture? Any molecular marker I get check by qPCR or Western Blotting?

Thank you

I have quantified astrocytes with GFAP in a series of westerns. I would like to know if the lower level of GFAP I am seeing is because it is non-reactive due to a healthy environment or non-reactive due to inability to signal an inflammatory response and therefore, pathological. I would not like to do a morphological analysis at this point. I was more looking for a molecular marker.

Thanks in advance! 

The date palm is one of the most important fruit tree in Iraq and other parts of the Middle East. detecting seedling  sex early is important. various techniques are used to do so ,one of which is molecular markers,

I recently stumbled across MCLab's alternative size standards, which appear to be very similar to ABI's LIZ and ROX 500 size standards.  Has anyone used these for fragment analysis with ABI sequencers (eg 3130 or 3730)?  They seem like the same thing for half the price.  Any obvious drawbacks I'm overlooking?  Thanks!

 I am working on cancer and molecular markers. I tried to find out which was the first marker identified for cancer, who discovered it and where was it published?

I am doing an in situ hybridization and have localised my expression to the developing zebrafish eye. I would like to have some kind of positive control, but am not too familiar with eye development in the first 5 dpf. Is there a gene that is expressed symmetrically during zebrafish eye development?

Thank you!

How to improve the inheritance of pigeons, selection or crossbreeding? 

whats most important traits we study? Can we use molecular markers in enhancement? What is the suitably markers we use?

how these molecular markers work ,  what is the procedure for generating  these markers