Molecular Epidemiology - Science topic

Australia has multiple lagoviruses with differing pathogenicity. The circulation of these viruses was traditionally determined through opportunistic sampling events. In the lead up to the nationwide release of RHDVa-K5 (GI.1aP-GI.1a) in 2017, an existing citizen science program, RabbitScan, was augmented to allow members of the public to submit sam...

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus , GBS) has recently emerged as an important pathogen among adults. However, it is overlooked in this population, with all global efforts being directed towards its containment among pregnant women and neonates. This systematic review assessed the molecular epidemiology and compared how the lineages ci...

To investigate the clinical and molecular characteristics and evolution of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in Thailand from March 2020 to March 2023. In all, 751 serum samples from hospitalized patients in Bangkok and the surrounding areas were screened for ZIKV using real-time RT-PCR. Demographic data and clinical variables were evaluated. Phylogenetic and...

Background HIV remains a significant public health concern. Both contact tracing (identifying and notifying partners of people diagnosed with HIV) and molecular epidemiology (phylogenetic inference and cluster detection), are used to disrupt transmission. Integration of both modalities may be synergistic, though it is not evaluated or implemented r...

Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE) is an opportunistic pathogen associated with a variety of hospital infections. Treatment of infections caused by PAE is challenging due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), which is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Clonal spread and the presence of resistance gen...

Background Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is a significant human pathogen that is frequently antibiotic resistant and has been associated with post-COVID-19 infections. Methods In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing on AB isolates collected at an academic medical center in Dallas, TX between January 2020 and June 2021. We extracted clin...

Background Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli are a significant public health threat, associated with 2.2 million deaths worldwide. Of particular importance is the rise of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) given the limited options for treatment. The 30-day mortality associated with carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginos...

Background Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) is a common cause of non-invasive mucosal infections in childhood as well as life-threatening invasive infections. Since 1997, emm1 has been the most common emm type associated with invasive GAS (iGAS) in the US. Apparent increases in iGAS have been reported in several countries during the winter of 2022-23....

Background We previously reported a high incidence of C. difficile colonization among parents caring for an asymptomatically-excreting infant (IDWeek 2022, Abs 2007), suggesting infants as a nidus of adult infection. Herein we define the molecular epidemiology of the organisms isolated within these families. Methods Families were enrolled at the b...

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute respiratory illness in young children and elderly people worldwide. It has a complex molecular epidemiology with multiple strains cocirculating during a single epidemic. Whole genome sequencing is a valuable tool for monitoring genetic diversity and providing genomic information...

Background Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has become one of the major gram-negative pathogens causing nosocomial infections. However, comprehensive analysis of the clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of patients with S. maltophilia remains limited. Methods All patients with a clinical culture growing S. maltophilia were collected fro...

Circadian clock dysregulation has been implicated in various types of cancer and represents an area of growing research. However, the role of the circadian clock in prostate cancer has been relatively unexplored. This literature review will highlight the potential role of circadian clock dysregulation in prostate cancer by examining molecular, epid...

As the proportion of non-enterovirus 71 and non-coxsackievirus A16 which proportion of composition in the hand, foot, and mouth pathogenic spectrum gradually increases worldwide, the attention paid to other enteroviruses has increased. As a member of the species enterovirus A, coxsackievirus A14 (CVA14) has been epidemic around the world until now...

Introduction. Molecular epidemiological monitoring of enterovirus infection (EVI) in the territories of the Russian Federation showed that coxsackievirus A6 (CVA-6) had been one of the most prevalent types of enteroviruses that circulated among the country population during last years and had caused majority of EVI outbreaks. Objective — to evaluat...

Introduction: Rotavirus infection is a major cause of mortality among children under 5 years in Bangladesh. There is lack of integrated studies on rotavirus prevalence and genetic diversity during 1973 to 2023 in Bangladesh. Methods: This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence, genotypic diversity and seasonal distribution of rota...

Background Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection and hospitalization, especially in children. Highly mutagenic nature and antigenic diversity enable the RSV to successfully survive in human population. We conducted a molecular epidemiological study during 2017–2021 to investigate the p...

The association of genetic polymorphisms with the individual sensitivity of humans to the action of pesticide pollution is being actively studied in the world. The aim of this study was a molecular epidemiological analysis of candidate polymorphisms of genes involved in pesticide metabolism, detoxification, and antioxidant protection. Some of the s...

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex (CRECC) constitutes a global public health threat challenging clinical treatment and infection control, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as India. We analyzed the antimicrobial susceptibility, major β-lactamase genes, plasmid profiles, and genetic relatedness to understand the mol...

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are an urgent public health threat. Genomic sequencing is an important tool for investigating CRE. Through the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion Sentinel Surveillance system, we collected CRE and carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE) from nine clinical laboratories in the USA from 2013 to 2...

Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) is the causative agent of Borna disease, a progressive and mostly fatal neurologic disorder of domestic mammals and humans, resulting from spill-over infection from its natural reservoir host, the bicolored white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon). The known BoDV-1 endemic area is remarkably restricted to parts of Ger...

Purpose In this article, we studied in detail 74 Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) in Shanxi to provide essential insight into development of effective strategies for control of CRKP. Patients and Methods From 2018 to 2021, we collected 74 clinical CRKP from 11 hospitals in Shanxi Province. Clinical data were obtained from medical...

Introduction Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) bacteria are the most prominent etiological agents of lymphadenitis in pigs. M. avium subspecies hominissuis (MAH) is a member of MAC and has been reported in many parts of the world to be the most prevalent non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) to cause mycobacteriosis in humans, mainly in children. Thus...

Infections due to antimicrobial resistant gram-negative bacteria cause significant morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. To elucidate the molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacteria, we characterized beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseu...

From 1 January to 31 December 2022, fifty-five institutions across Australia participated in the Australian Enterococcal Surveillance Outcome Program (AESOP). The aim of AESOP 2022 was to determine the proportion of enterococcal bacteraemia isolates in Australia that were antimicrobial resistant, and to characterise the molecular epidemiology of th...

The global decline in biodiversity is a matter of great concern for members of the class Reptilia. Reptarenaviruses infect snakes, and have been linked to various clinical conditions, such as Boid Inclusion Body Disease (BIBD) in snakes belonging to the families Boidae and Pythonidae. However, there is a scarcity of information regarding reptarenav...

Blastocystis sp. is currently reported as the most frequent single-celled eukaryote inhabiting the intestinal tract of humans and a wide range of animal groups. Its prevalence is especially higher in developing countries linked with fecal peril. Despite a growing interest in this enteric protozoan, certain geographical regions potentially at high r...

Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) are major plant pathogens that cause severe epidemics in cucurbit crops. While there has been an increasing interest in molecular epidemiological studies on both viruses at regional scales, their phylodynamic analysis by using the temporal data at global scale remains unex...

Bacillus cereus is an important zoonotic foodborne conditional pathogen. It is found in vegetables, dairy products, rice, and other foods, thereby greatly endangering human health. Investigations on B. cereus contamination in China primarily focus on raw milk, dairy products, meat, and others, and limited research has been conducted on plant-based...

Prevalent cervical HPV infection and high-risk HPV persistence consequences have been extensively investigated in the literature; nevertheless, any causative interrelations of other sexually transmitted bacterial infections (STIs) with cervical HPV infection have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the possible associatio...

Background Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease with oncogenic potential that causes destruction of parietal cells and severe mucosal atrophy. We aimed to explore the distinctive gene expression profiles, activated signaling pathways, and their underlying mechanisms. Methods A comprehensive gene expression analysi...

Background Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, and underlying mechanistic pathways associated with breast cancer-specific and non-breast cancer-related deaths are of importance. Emerging evidence suggests a role of oxysterols, derivates of cholesterol, in multiple chronic diseases including breast cancer and coro...

Introduction Human astrovirus (HAstV) is an important pathogen of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. This study was aimed at investigating the diversity and epidemiology of classic and novel HAstV in outpatient children aged 0–16 years old with AGE in Shanghai. Methods From May 2020 to December 2022, a total of 1,482 stool samples were colle...

Background Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) is gradually becoming the dominant nosocomial pathogens in the healthcare setting. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients with CR-KP from July 2021 to May 2022 in a teaching hospital. We identified bacterial isolates, collected the clinical data, and per...

As doenças cardíacas congênitas (DCC) são as anomalias congênitas mais frequentes entre recém- -nascidos, com prevalência de 4–10 em 1000 nascidos vivos. Em aproximadamente 70% dos casos as DCC ocorrem como malformações isoladas (não-sindrômicas). Postula-se que fatores genéticos desempenham um papel significativo na patogênese das DCC, no entanto,...

Phleboviruses are classified into two main groups: the sandfly fever group (transmitted by sandflies and mosquitoes) and the Uukuniemi group (transmitted by ticks). Old World sandfly-borne viruses (SBVs) are classified into four main serocomplexes; sandfly fever Naples viruses (SFNVs), sandfly fever Sicilian viruses (SFSVs), Karimabad viruses (KARV...

The aim of the study was to track the spread of antimicrobial resistance among the different sectors of One Health through the detection of Multidrug-Efflux-System in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) S. aureus isolates were selected: 25 of human, one of animal and eight o...

Epigenetic changes may be biomarkers of health. Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), the discrepancy between epigenetic age measured via epigenetic clocks and chronological age, is associated with morbidity and mortality. However, the intersection of epigenetic clocks with microRNAs (miRNAs) and corresponding miRNA-based health implications have not...

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an important pathogen that can cause harm to the pig population. Since 2011, there have been a number of large-scale outbreaks of pseudorabies on Chinese farms where animals had been vaccinated with the Bartha-K61 vaccine. In order to understand the epidemiological trend and genetic variations of PRV in Guangxi province,...

European-ancestry populations are recognized as stratified but not as admixed, implying that residual confounding by locus-specific ancestry can affect studies of association, polygenic adaptation, and polygenic risk scores. We integrate individual-level genome-wide data from ~19,000 European-ancestry individuals across 79 European populations and...

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important swine pathogen affecting the global swine industry. The first open reading frame 5 (ORF5)-based genetic lineage classification system describing global PRRSV-2 genetic diversity was introduced over a decade ago. Although refinements have been proposed for the predominant li...

Background and purpose: The increasing rate of opportunistic infections caused by Candida and other yeasts is becoming a major health concern worldwide. However,systematic data on the epidemiology and the yeast species infections in Malaysia is still limited. In this regard, the present research aimed to identify pathogenic yeasts utilizing an econ...

Introduction The rise in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dairy cattle farms poses a risk to human health as they can spread to humans through the food chain, including raw milk. This study was designed to determine the status, antimicrobial resistance, and pathogenic potential of ESBL-producing - E. coli and...

Background Enterovirus 71(EV71)-associated hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) decreased dramatically in Beijing from 2009 to 2019. This study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics, evolutionary dynamics, geographic diffusion pathway, and other features of EV71 in Beijing, China. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of EV71-...

Molecular Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Molecular Epidemiology of Visceral Leishmaniasis

Aim . To investigate the molecular-epidemiological characteristics of the territorial distribution of HIV infection in the Sakhalin region. Materials and Methods . A comprehensive analysis of molecular-genetic characteristics of HIV-1 and clinical-epidemiological data of 64 HIV-infected residents of the Sakhalin region was conducted. Nucleotide seq...

Purpose Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a major cause of child death. We investigated the epidemiology of S. pneumoniae in a pediatric fever clinic and explored the genomics basis of the limited vaccine response of serotype 14 strains worldwide. Methods Febrile disease and pneumonia were diagnosed following criteria from the WHO at the end of 20...

Senecavirus A (SVA) is a single member of the Senecavirus genus within the Picornaviridae Family. SVA infection causes ulcerative lesions in swine, indistinguishable from foot and mouth disease (FMD) and other vesicular diseases. Here we described the first detection and genetic characterization of SVA in Mexico from two trade-related swine farms....

Sisal bole rot disease is the major phytosanitary problem of Agave plantations in Brazil. The disease is caused by a cryptic species of Aspergillus: A. welwitschiae. To date, the only way to diagnose the disease was to observe external symptoms, visible only when the plant is already compromised, or through the isolation and sequencing of the patho...

GeneXpert MTB/RIF, a tool widely used for diagnosing tuberculosis, has limitations for detecting rifampin resistance in certain variants. We report transmission of a pre-extensively drug-resistant variant in Botswana that went undetected by GeneXpert. The public health impact of misdiagnosis emphasizes the need for comprehensive molecular testing t...

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by Cercospora beticola , is a major foliar disease impacting sugar beet production worldwide. The development of new resistant sugar beet hybrids provides a powerful tool to better manage the disease, but it is unclear how these hybrids affect CLS epidemiology. We used a molecular epidemiology approach to dissect...

Introduction: Klebsiella pneumonia causes serious infections in hospitalized patients. In recent years, carbapenem-resistant infections increased in the world. The molecular epidemiological investigation of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates was aimed in this study. Methodology: Fifty carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates from six...

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) causes a disease of economic importance affecting cattle. Its global epidemiology is complex due to the combination of vector-borne and anthropogenic spread, the circulation of vaccine-like recombinants, and the use of vaccines. The slow molecular evolution of its DNA genome limits the utility of genetic variation fo...

Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are enteric protozoan pathogens in humans. and animals. Companion animals infected with zoonotic species/assemblages are a matter of major public concern around the world. The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalences of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis infections and their c...

The hepatitis B virus (HBV), comprising of ten genotypes (A-J), has been a silent threat against humanity, constituting a public health problem worldwide. In 2016, the World Health Organization set forth an impressive initiative for the global elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030. As the target date approaches, many nations, particularly in the L...

Purpose Carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with nosocomial infections and can cause high mortality, which poses great threat to human health. This study was aimed at investigating the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and providing clues for mana...

Background This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes and the clonal relationship of the carbapenem-nonsusceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strains by molecular methods which are isolated from various clinical specimens from patients treated in tertiary care hospital in Turkey. Methods Identification of 32 carbapenem...

Tall stature is defined as height greater than the threshold of more than 2 standard deviations above the average population height for age, sex, and ethnicity. Many studies have described the main aspects of this condition during puberty, but an analysis of the characteristics that the physician should consider in the differential diagnosis of gig...

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) poses a significant threat to the global shrimp industry. We investigated the presence of WSSV in frozen shrimp (n = 86) and shellfish (n = 185) from the Korean market (2010–2018). The detection rate of first-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in domestic shrimp was 36.8% (7/19), whereas that in imported shrimp wa...

Detailed knowledge regarding norovirus transmission within hospitals is limited. We investigated a norovirus hospital outbreak affecting 65 patients at five different wards. PCR showed that 61 (94%) of the patients were infected with genotype II.4 strains. Successful Ion Torrent deep sequencing of GII.4 positive samples from 59 patients followed by...

Fowl adenovirus-induced hepatitis–pericardial effusion syndrome outbreaks have been increasingly reported in China since 2015, resulting in substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. The genetic diversity of indigenous chicken results in different immune traits, affecting the evolution of these viruses. Although the molecular epidemiology...

Coronaviruses, re-emerging in human populations, cause mild or severe acute respiratory diseases, and occasionally epidemics. This study systematically reviewed human coronavirus (HCoVs) infections in Africa prior to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Forty studies on the prevalence or molecular epidemiology of HCoVs were available from 13/54 African countri...

Group A Rotavirus, Human Astrovirus, and Norovirus (RVA, HAstV, and NoV) are recognized as the major causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in children and adults worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of RVA, HAstV, and NoV in wastewater from three cities in Uruguay. Thirty-six samples from B...

Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) is prevalent in Pakistan causing enormous economic losses. To date no clear data is available on circulating genotypes and phylogeographic spread of the 2 virus. Hence current study assessed these parameters for all available IBV Pakistani isolates, based on the nine new sequences, with respect to other Asian and n...