Science topic

Modernization - Science topic

In the social sciences, modernization or modernisation refers to a model of an evolutionary transition from a 'pre-modern' or 'traditional' to a 'modern' society.
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This discussion aims to explore the extent to which China's policies and initiatives serve as key drivers of India's naval modernization efforts. It seeks to analyze how China's expanding influence in the Indian Ocean has influenced India's defense priorities, as well as to assess the implications of this dynamic for regional security. By examining the interplay between Chinese maritime strategies and India's responses, we can gain a deeper understanding of the factors shaping New Delhi's approach to strengthening its naval capabilities and maintaining a balance of power in the region
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China incresing foothools in India's neighborhood and Indian Ocean as well has a major driver for India's Internal balacing efforts from the last decades. India through such as Initiative like SAGAR and Act east Policy serves its external balacing efforts to contain China at the same time focused on building hard internal balancing mechanism
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Are university lecturers obliged to update their teaching methods, and strategies in the age of Artificial intelligence?
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Amel Lamri Higher education students prefer the traditional lecture method of teaching approach as they are very familiar with it. Additionally, Department-Heads recommend and expect the Flipped method of teaching and Blended learning/teaching approaches to be utilized by the instructors/professors in their corresponding departments.
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One of the most pressing open questions for passenger rail transport concerns the sustainability and modernization of infrastructure. This issue encompasses several key aspects:
  1. Infrastructure Investment: Many rail networks worldwide face outdated systems and infrastructure that require significant investment for modernization and maintenance. This includes the renovation of tracks, bridges, tunnels, as well as stations and other facilities.
  2. Technological Modernization: The introduction of new technologies such as automatic train control systems, improved signaling, and digital solutions for reservations and passenger tracking. This is crucial for increasing the efficiency and safety of rail transport.
  3. Environmental Sustainability: The need to transition to more environmentally friendly options, such as electrification of tracks and the use of low-emission trains. This also involves researching and implementing alternative energy sources like hydrogen.
  4. Financing and Economic Viability: Finding sustainable financing models for investments in the rail sector, including public-private partnerships, government subsidies, and European or international funds.
  5. Integration with Other Modes of Transport: Improving the integration of rail transport with other modes of transportation, such as buses, trams, subways, and bike lanes, to provide seamless transitions for passengers between different types of transport.
  6. Increasing Capacity and Reducing Congestion: Particularly in urban and suburban areas, where increasing capacity is necessary to reduce congestion and improve service quality.
  7. Passenger Experience and Safety: Enhancing conditions for passengers, including safety, comfort, and additional services such as internet access, cleanliness, and amenities for people with disabilities.
Each of these issues requires attention and cooperation from various stakeholders, including governments, the private sector, transport experts, and the passengers themselves, to achieve sustainable and efficient solutions for the future of passenger rail transport.
Please share your experiences with the modernization of railway passenger traffic in your country.
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It's currently a work in progress. The Government is trying to revamp the railway system all over the Country.
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Modernization of Agriculture
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Use of drones for different purposes..
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Solar geoengineering is making good progress and demonstrates that the scientific and technology community is responding in spades to the ongoing crisis impacting human and nonhuman flora and fauna around the world (please see the link below). There remains little or no doubt in the minds of both scientists and the general public that "climate change" refers to "long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns," which are caused mainly by "human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels" (United Nations reports). At this stage in the debate over global warming and climate change, it is important to observe that scientific research is resulting in good progress being made to implement technological solutions to the problem of carbon emissions, not only created by humans enjoying their postindustrial lifestyles, transporting themselves in automobiles, jetliners, transcontinental railways, luxury cruise ships, consuming manufactured goods, and freely converting forests, oceans, and land from nonhuman into human living space. As this LINK suggests, scientists are inventing technological solutions in an effort to give back to mother nature a portion of what has been taken; for example there is the "cloud-brightening machine" and other experimental devices being advanced to reverse the runaway inflation of industrialization and modernization, which deplete natural resources.
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Scientists and engineers around the world have been actively working on a variety of strategies to combat global warming and mitigate its effects.
Here are some of the key efforts they are engaged in:
  1. Renewable Energy Sources: Scientists and engineers are focused on developing and improving renewable energy technologies such as solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal power. These sources produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas.
  2. Energy Efficiency: Engineers are working to make appliances, vehicles, buildings, and industrial processes more energy-efficient. This reduces the overall demand for energy and subsequently lowers carbon emissions.
  3. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): CCS technologies involve capturing carbon dioxide emissions from power plants and industrial facilities before they are released into the atmosphere. These emissions are then transported and stored underground in geological formations.
  4. Afforestation and Reforestation: Planting trees and restoring forests help sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, as trees absorb CO2 during photosynthesis.
  5. Climate Modeling: Scientists are using advanced climate models to predict future climate changes and their potential impacts. This information is crucial for policymakers and governments to make informed decisions.
  6. Alternative Transportation: Engineers are working on electric and hybrid vehicles, as well as improving public transportation systems, to reduce emissions from the transportation sector.
  7. Sustainable Agriculture: Scientists are researching and promoting agricultural practices that reduce emissions, conserve soil health, and optimize land use.
  8. Circular Economy: Engineers are designing products and systems with a focus on minimizing waste and maximizing the reuse, recycling, and repurposing of materials.
  9. Carbon Pricing: Economists and policy experts are advocating for the implementation of carbon pricing mechanisms, such as carbon taxes or cap-and-trade systems, to incentivize businesses to reduce their emissions.
  10. Climate Adaptation Strategies: Scientists and engineers are developing strategies to help communities adapt to the current and anticipated impacts of global warming, such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and changing ecosystems.
  11. Green Infrastructure: Engineers are designing urban landscapes that incorporate green spaces, permeable surfaces, and sustainable drainage systems to manage stormwater and reduce urban heat islands.
  12. Research and Innovation: Scientists are continuously researching and developing new technologies and strategies to combat global warming, such as advanced materials, carbon-neutral fuels, and novel carbon capture techniques.
Remember that this is not an exhaustive list, and the field of climate science and engineering is rapidly evolving. To get the most up-to-date information, I recommend checking with reputable sources like scientific journals, research institutions, and climate-focused organizations.
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How can we bridge the gap between traditional farming practices and modern agricultural technologies to ensure sustainable and inclusive agricultural development in both developed and developing regions?
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What are the objectives? If it's short-term maximisation of output it may be difficult to bridge the gap. Starting point should be the recognition, as Yeslando suggests, that knowledge of what works has been previously evaluated by experience and that more research is directed to better appreciation of such traditional forms - perma-culture concepts may help appreciate that sustainable production along the lines of circular consumption and production has an ecological, but also a social dimension.
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Dear colleagues,
I am looking for papers about the effects of modernization of irrigated areas (for example by means of drip irrigation) on total evapo-transpiration of fields. Any suggestions on papers are welcome.
Best regards, Julia
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I think may it become less
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Technology becomes fundamental for the modernization of productive systems, the area of ​​services, medicine, among many other important areas for society. For the professional to be prepared for modernizations, innovations, among other things, schools and education systems that are also capable of preparing him are needed. In a reality such as that of Brazil, where there are still schools without an adequate structure for what is considered conventional teaching, how can access to technological resources be made available? There is a lack of adequate classrooms, adequate teaching material, laboratories that, when they exist, do not include updated resources, not to mention libraries with little or no collection. How to implement a teaching plan that prepares the student for the job market based on the proposal of industry 4.0? What skills and competencies will be considered essential for this new market? Will schools be prepared for this? And the teachers, were they trained? Are you interested in this proposal for IoT, Machine Learning, among others? Will we have areas of society where automation and technological intelligence will not be paramount?
There are certainly several issues that somehow need a more critical look, as the future of some regions may depend on that.
Those of you who are reading my concern, how is the reality in your region?
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You have provided an excellent suggestions to improve schools, teachers and other facilities. I am not exaggerating if I say there are millions of schools suffer from very simple teaching equipment in many countries all over the world. Best wishes.
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Hello to all!
Recently, I am researching on the changes in urban jobs (modernization of jobs, replacement of new jobs with old ones, developing online and smart jobs, etc.) and its impact on the formation and morphological changes of cities.
My problem is that despite a lot of searching in books and articles (especially in google scholar), I haven't yet been able to find appropriate sources for this research.
What do you suggest to me? also im wondering if you know any appropriate articles related to this research, may you introduce to me? Even interduce the important researchers who have done research in this field?
Thanks in advance for your help
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You may need to tap into adjacent fields of research and there are some grey literature out there (reports) that will point to emerging trends, which you can then build on. Additionally, there are some great bibliometric analysis which outlines emerging patterns. We did one, available here: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/13/7140
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hai,
seeking your valuable suggestion and guidance for technological modernization using information technology.
Our plan is to create a forum / IT club internally.
The Club members are from different departments/ units.
The members shall collect innovative ideas/enhancements in existing systems/technology modernization projects from their team and form a plan of action.
these plans are reviewed by the IT and management team and set the priority by various factors.
once the projects get approved by management, the core team member shall head the implementation under the guidance and technology support from the IT team.
once the projects getting completed, the core member shall hand over the project to his team for business use.
similar to the above, I would request all of you to contribute your thoughts for finalizing the topic.
Thanks
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Yes using the digital forum during these Covid times. The students in tertairy area will do well to keep up with their studies.
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Are there any structural factors in the different regions that could define idoneity for this type of collaboration? Are you willing to explore them?
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I recommend the following jobs: Public-private partnerships (PPP): an option for hiring administrative in Latin America and APP PUBLIC-PRIVATE ASSOCIATION IN LATIN AMERICA Facing the challenge of connecting and improve cities.
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Defining the abovesaid two terms and contextualising them in your own environment would be highly honoured.
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Westernization takes up the currebt pattern of parebting in Indian context which is more conservative and its complete heritage root is customised for an altered parenting to suit the currebt scenario ( technology, Higher education, marriage, autonomy and so on)
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While all the sectors getting improved worldwide, what is the reason of the farmers be run down from their states even though food is our daily essential.
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Indian farmers are not properly educated to utilize modern technologies. It's the fault of the Indian education system. In India, Agriculturists are not trained properly.
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I am intrerested in modern interiors, history of them, design understanding.
I would like to study about the modernization processes and changing interiors, how they were affected by the movements of the period.
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Other magazines, journals etc are Domus (https://www.domusweb.it/en/home.html), The Architectural Review, The Architects' Journal (AJ), Interiors, Dezeen (online), ArchDaily (online), Architect, Building Design (BD), RIBA website and this website has Top 10 in their opinion some of which are already stated:
https://blog.feedspot.com/architecture_magazines. There will be others. Happy browsing, reading, discovering.
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General observations reveal that the built environment in our traditional settlements have undergone major transformations in the past few decades ,where scientific and technological advancements has been one important factor for the transformations with respect to architecture. The rapid ‘modernization’ as we call it, has often led to clashes between the traditional values and the new imported ideas.
Aishwarya Tipnis in her book 'Vernacular Traditions Contemporary Architecture (2012) mentions that when buildings (traditional) fail to meet the basic requirements of contemporary standards, conflicts arise and often lead to redundancy , vacancy and overcrowding.
My PhD research is an attempt to investigate such conflicts wrt traditional and contemporary architecture. The attached images are from case studies in India. But how do we study a conflict with respect to architecture?
Please share your views and also links to any research papers, journals, books etc related to the topic.
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The conflict you're talking about has at least 2 dimensions. One is about technology, and the other one is about identity. Technological development in the contemporary era of global networks is in a way that results of a new innovation in one country can become a fashion in another country in another continent. There's nothing wrong with this as long as it serves people and their needs.
Regarding identity:
Identity, arguably has had a notable destructive function on people's lives throughout the history. In this regard I would suggest searching about what some Indian yogis (e.g., Osho and Sadhguru) have said about identity. Identity is the source of separation between people. It never results in global integration and sustainability. It always defines us vs them. What today's world needs is unity.
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Transformation is an agrarian process. It has been changing due to various reasons such as modernization, adaptations, climate change, social change, technical change and so on. The process may be change from country to country.
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See "Drought Follows the Plow: Cultivating Marginal Areas" from Cambridge University Press edited by Michael H. Glantz https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sHhn55kRqWIC
He also edited the book "The Politics of natural disaster: the case of the Sahel drought" (Praeger) in 1976 which still has plenty of useful insights.
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Ever increasing population, urbanization and modernization are posing problems of sewage disposal and contamination of surface waters like lakes. Species and habitat dynamics in the face of climate change are complex and have many aspects. Increased temperatures and CO2 concentrations will have an effect on different processes such as photosynthesis, respiration and decomposition and generally speed up these processes. Climate-induced changes in ice cover period, thermal stratification and nutrient availability and longer growing seasons affect species composition and food web structures.
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"What methods of analysis can I use for water quality assessments?"
Basically there are Biological, Physical and Chemical parameters to asses water quality.
Best thing to new starter is to refer USEPA or your county effluent discharge standards.
In case you want to analyze the impacts due to polluted water etc., there are impact assessment methods such as ISO.
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the importance of urban agriculture is to achieve food security for the urban population as well as to improve the city's environment
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Dear Dr Haider,
I expect the urban agriculture will be the most important factors in distribution the land use in the city in future.
regards
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I have been in the Military Defence Institute in Bangkok where I had some briefings about the actual situation either internal either in the borders.
Thailand is a key country for US control of the region and actually with the intentions of China expansion. It seems to me that will be a very big effort to have strong and modern Armed Forces without a full US help.
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My research focuses on the Thai military's civil affairs projects only. I try to examine how the military trying to control politics through these projects. I not an expert on the weaponry aspect. Anyway, as of now, I don't see any attempt to reform the Thai armed forces in any aspect. In the future, if Thailand's democratization has a chance, the reform must be comprehensive, removing it from politics, strengthening civilian control, reducing the size but enabling its efficiency.
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Democratic life is a basic requirement in people's lives
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I take your question to mean, assuming a situation like the present in the Arab world. Try studying with special attention the experience of Turkey since 1980 and that of Tunisia in the last decade. Also study transitions to democracy from autocracy in relatively recent years in countries like South Africa, Spain, Portugal, South Korea. Putting religion in a more limited role seems to be the key issue for the Arab world. That would be a long-term project, over generations, with children’s education at the center.k
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I would be very interested in reading your publications related to measuring health and safety/ quality/ operations management performance - especially those related to recommendations for modernization of performance metrics to include more proactive measures.
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Can you specify what area you are looking at?
Certainly, within performance management metrics largely used in the public sector to measure school/hospital/university performance on an organisational level and at an individual employee level, many problems can be identified. These relate to the quantitative metrics used and the politics of performance management ie. making public services more like the private. The metrics and assumptions underlying them - that public service delivery is like car production on an assembly line are deeply flawed and a major cause/indicator of public sector crises. New and critical approaches are urgently required that are informed by an understanding of the distinctiveness of public sevice organisations, staff and services.
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In India where labour availability is cheap, conventional construction methods are very well developed.
Is mechanization a viable option considering employment to labours?
Is technology like Maywan shuttering a good replacement option to conventional shuttering?
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I quite agree with Tom however this process takes time. Actually my answer is closer to no. 
Right now and in my experience, European construction companies trying to sell modern construction methods and products in India are facing huge difficulties to come up with a positive bottom line. Basically you hit the point in your comment, modern technologies are great due to two factors: time savings and less labour required. 
The fact labour and time is so cheap in developing countries makes it quite difficult to sell them because when you compare with traditional methods they look so expensive. Furthermore you have to take into account those new methods / products /technologies require qualified people that is not always so easy to find in India and sending European people suppose always a huge investment for the mother company. 
Just so you can put some figures and real feeling, look at concrete structures (labour intensive) and steel structures (faster and lower labour required). I guess steel contractors who have decided to go to India must be struggling to make a profit.  
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Why modernization of intelligence organization is required for air force?
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Another good text is "On Being Different - Diversity & multiculturalism in North American Mainstream" by Conrad Phillip Kottak and Kathryn A. Kozaitis: 
ISBN:  978-0-07-811701-5. TEXTBOOKS CAN BE FOUND ONLINE @ AN  Y COLLEGE BOOKSTORE SUCH AS AKRON UNIVERSITY OR KENT STATE UNIVERSITY OR OHIO STATE U.
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Which mean traditional is better then modernization for keeping our identity without change. Or we can change but respect our traditional. Or we respect and like the modernization and neglect the old  traditional way.
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@ Dear All
The modernization brings a change in the behavior of people vital therefore may impact on identity. It would be much more profitable for people to keep some values of their own culture while aspiring to open up to the outside world anyway it's inevitable with rampant globalization
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Hi everybody,
Someone has models for GAMS for Water Pricing Policies? 
I´m working with two cases in Ecuador, but there is not possible to apply market of water. So the application of water pricing policies go for modernization of the agriculture.
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I do not have GAMS model but I have written something about water pricing; see Water: Spatial Network Pricing (45th Congress of the European Regional Science Association) on my page in RG.
I suggested that the price along channel should be heterogeneous and account for water evaporation. In reality, most countries even with regional water scarcity (like Spain) do not have water pricing. Instead they regulate water supply to farmers so that hey can irrigate only a certain fraction of their land.
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The transhumant pastoralist all over the globe are making their livings on raising of livestock. But, it is found that their number is declining in recent days due to changing living conditions, impact of modernization as well as the changing environmental conditions. I particularly refer to the transhumant Brokpas of West Kameng and Tawang districts of Arunachal Pradesh, India. The number of these people is in declining trend in recent decades and thereby the number of livestock especially the yak population is also declining. The improved living conditions and the likelihood of living the lifestyle of neighbouring people has influenced them to change this arduous occupation...There may be number of factors responsible for their declining population which needs to be discussed at large. Hence, anyone who is working on such transhumant pastoralists may ponder upon..... 
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Yes, their number is declining and perhaps that lifestyle will disappear in a short while. The world is in a process of grand homogenisation in terms of lifestyle, in terms of dress, food, even the very thought process.  
Of course, these are all part of a change; but whether all such changes are for good or bad, whether fitting in the context of limited natural resources, whether fitting for the larger good of humankind and other life forms, I think these are all matters one need to think about. 
I think life, the biosphere, humankind, and the species at large, all cannot be just left to the mercy of so called market driven changes, while the market that is driving the change itself is forcefully guided and manipulated and is not free (although many of us want to believe it as free). I think the so called well-read (educated and thinking) ones need to really ponder about these issues.
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I am doing a research on the implications of developments on traditional cultures and I need some help from any other researchers.
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I would suggest beginning by problematizing the very terms of your exploration.  What is traditional culture/knowledge?
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How could you explain the difference and similarity between "reforms" process and "modernization" process in public administration?
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According to Pollitt and Bouckaert, reforms are deliberate changes to the structures and processes of public sector organizations with the objective of getting them (in some sense) to run better. Although modernization is often perceived as a synonym of reforms, this term often means the objective or outcome of transition into a more advanced state/situation.  
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Support your answer with arguments if yes how and if no how?
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I have always wondered why this idea of "third world countries" and "a third world culture" have become thought of as a homogenious intercontenential culture? When in-fact there are many cultures, diverse peoples, ideas, and landscapes.
Secondly from those who have used that term in my presence there is a sense of romanticism,   
As far as I can tell the term "third world" has two originans, one economic and one derogatory. So whenever I hear the term I always wonder in which context is the word used in.
Last, the word interculturalism. This word to I have the same questions as to the context the speaker is using it in. It appears to me that an idea of culture having not already been affected by other cultures, intermingling, and modernization is a naive. Could it be a hope by some that we have not exported the inhuman way we act toward ourselves and others as "first and second worlds"?
To answer the question directly, death and exploitation.
Douglas
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Modernization and Postmodernization presents an interesting and quite cogent theory about the congruity of change in economic, social, political and cultural factors, and about the path of development.
How we can adapt the curriculum to this kind of needs and especially for social development?
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I think that besides criticising the traditional curriculum, post-modernism and post-colonialism helps little with the question of what content ought to be taught to the next generation...they give more on pedagogy - like 'border-crossing'pedagogy -  the curriculum could make known what is relevant in local contexts but what about decontextualised/objective/conceptual forms of knowledge?  
I think the curriculum ought to make students aware of other realities and contexts as well as their own...the knowledge society requires them to know more... globalization  has disrupted local and antional boundaries. 
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That is what a government can do, so that in the public sphere are discussed in more serious social problems?
Often, in many countries, issues are treated very superficially in the media by people who have not the vaguest idea about it.
All ideas are welcome to try to build a methodology of discussion for the media and it has some social meaning.
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And the government people themselves have to be enthusiastic and interested what they do. Very often they seem only bureaucratic and routine oriented. One of the reasons for that I see the disappearance of clear left-right political division in internal affairs of the countries. Social problems can not be discussed without left-right discussions.
A.Guogis