Mixed Methods - Science topic

"I am conducting research on culture shock, and I am utilizing a mixed methods research design that includes both a questionnaire and interviews. I have designed a questionnaire, but I am unsure about the type of questions that should be asked during the interviews. Should I ask the same (or almost the same) questions during the interviews to validate the results of the questionnaire, or should I ask different, more in-depth questions?"

Please do share your best practices in presenting a joint display of a mixed methods research.

Many clinical trialists integrate qualitative and/or mixed methods research as part of their clinical trial projects. Could you please share your experiences and thoughts on the challenges in integrating these methodologies in clinical trials, and how to address them.

There's an increasing number of studies on the use of qualitative and mixed methods research in clinical trials but process of translating evidence from clinical trials to practice and policy remains problematic. Just wondering how qualitative and mixed methods could be used more effectively to facilitate translation.

Hello seniors, I am a PhD aspirant and intrested in Mixed Methods research. I want to learn Qualitative Data Analysis software but a little bit confused in which one will be better suited to my PhD thesis. Seniors please guide me which software should I learn for qualitative data analysis?

Thanks and regards

State and explain the strategies of enquiries for quantitative, qualitative and mix methods researches

Hello researchers,

I'm Niccolò, a student in the Physiotherapy degree program at the University of Florence and I am writing to you because I am conducting a mixed study for my thesis and I need the full text of the article "Systematic Development of Standards for Mixed Methods Reporting in Rehabilitation Health Sciences Research" of Melissa M Tovin, Michelle E Wormley, et al. The DOI of this article is:

I thank you and wish you a good evening,

Niccolò Magherini

I am looking for some guidance which indicates clearly how CR is applied to the methods/ methodology of mixed methods( especially the quantitative elements) research. I am finding it very hard to map the terms and ideas onto my methods, results, conclusions and discussion. Is there clear guidance on this?

1.Where do observations and measures, and the results of correlation, principal component analysis and regression tie in to the three domains?

Examples

2. What is the difference between a regularity and a demi-regularity? Are low correlations the same as demi-regs?

3.When it comes to explaining observations and regularities, what do we classify as entities, structures and mechanisms?

Examples

My finding is that vicarious trauma, burnout, age and poor worker relations lead to turnover intention in social workers, which of these are entities? which are mechanisms?

Is the social worker the entity?

Is vicarious trauma an entity because it causes turnover?

Is it an emergent entity or an emergent property? Is it an emergent entity with properties that lead to turnover?

Are worker relationships an entity? Or do they feed into workplace culture, which in turn influences them? How would this be described in CR terms?

Common practice among MMR researchers to use the same participants particularly In explanatory design, the sample should be the same for collecting both quantitative and qualitative data as following the guidelines by Creswell and Plano Clark (2011, 2018). By the way since there is no definite consensus on whether to use the same or different individuals in MMR, have there any refference articles or books to refer?

How do researchers using mixed methods take into account the challenges of researcher bias on results outcomes?

I collected a primary data and analysed it qualitatively (interpretivism), and I corroborated its results with a secondary data (satellite data) which I analysed quantitatively. What type of mixed method is it? Or should such work still be recognised solely as a qualitative method?

Hi,

I am developing a clinical interview tool using mixed methods, the sample size is small <50 as it is a clinical population. I won't be able to run a factor analysis on it due to the same reason.

I wanted to know what could be some other ways to establish construct validity for this tool (considering changing sample size is unlikely)

Additional information: The conceptual framework for the tool has been developed by our research time using qualitative interviews/FGD/ROL. It is integrated from multiple theories and not validated. I will already be doing content and face validity, and criterion/predictive validity with other established tools

Thank you!

Share examples

I have conducted a multiphase mixed-methods research, through which i developed, implemented and evaluated an injury surveillance system that was tailored for stakeholders as a practical injury monitoring tool and through which i could obtain injury epidemiological data. However, I am not sure whether the following overarching research aim should be phrased in this way:

"The overarching aim of this thesis is to develop, implement, and evaluate a context-specific injury surveillance system tailored to the needs of the U/21 Maltese national football team stakeholders through which a comprehensive year-round study of injury epidemiology within the U/21 National football team could be conducted."

I'd really appreciate your views about this.

Hi, all

First of all, thank you so much for reading my question.

I am writing a manuscript, scoping review paper that includes quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method articles.

As methodological limitations, I have to describe drawbacks and solutions due to reviewing qualitative, mixed, and quantitative studies in one study.

In other words, I want to address the limitation and advantages of collecting and reviewing papers based on various research methods.

I need experienced researchers' precious opinions and thoughts.

Thank you so much for your comments in advance.

Jung

Dear colleagues,

My name is Sabina Augunas, and I hold a Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Currently, I am a fellowship at TIB -Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology and University Library, and I am preparing a grant proposal to participate in a competition for an individual postdoctoral grant. My research topic revolves around examining researchers' perspectives on predatory conferences.

Within this study, I plan to employ mixed methods, including conducting interviews with respondents. In the "Researchers in Germany and abroad with whom you have agreed to cooperate on this project" section of the grant proposal, I am seeking researchers who have experience with mixed methods and conducting research in the field of social sciences. If you possess such expertise, I would greatly appreciate your support and collaboration with this project, as it would significantly enhance my chances of obtaining the individual grant.

Scientific conferences have been an integral tool for scientific communication and knowledge dissemination among researchers for decades. In the modern world, where research evaluation, audit culture, and internationalization of science have become key factors, attending conferences and presentations has become a necessary component for achieving scientific goals in all areas of science. However, despite many scholars exploring available resources, there has been insufficient attention to predatory conferences. There is a lack of knowledge not only about the motivations of researchers to attend such conferences but also about the criteria that define a conference as predatory, as well as about the quantity of such conferences. Of particular concern is the statement that the number of predatory conferences may exceed an acceptable norm. If true, targeted efforts are needed to fill this gap.

The project aims to address the following research questions: What motivates participation in predatory conferences, and what are the long-term consequences for researchers? It is important to distinguish between legitimate and predatory conferences. To achieve these goals, qualitative and quantitative analytical tools will be utilized, including the Delphi method. Expert groups will be formed, taking into account scientific discipline, gender, career stages, and geographical regions, in order to broaden the scope of research. The study will involve comparing predatory and legitimate academic conferences, considering criteria such as peer-review processes, speaker quality, funding sources, publication opportunities, and reputation. The motivation and reasons for researchers participating in predatory conferences, as well as the role of organizers in this process, will be examined. Strategies and ethical principles will be developed during the research to assist researchers in avoiding predatory conferences and safeguarding their scientific interests. The impact of predatory conferences on the academic community, factors contributing to their proliferation, and ethical considerations will also be assessed. Ultimately, the project will enhance understanding of the differences between predatory and legitimate conferences, draw attention to the risks, and help researchers make informed decisions when choosing conferences and managing their careers.

Best regards,

Dr. Sabina Augunas

If you are using a convergent mixed methods design for research, what do you use to determine your sample for the qualitative component?

What are mixed methods research designs?

I was looking for research papers that have employed descriptive statistics to analyse quantitative data which are mostly categorical/dichotomous variables and thematic analysis to analyse qualitative data in a sequential explanatory mixed methods research.

I read an article and was intrigued by their use of discourse analysis + computational methods to track word use associations. Does anyone know suitable primers for computational content analysis? Also, they use QDA Miner-WordStat, but it's only available on PC are there MAC versions available?

I'm hoping to supplement qualitative discourse analysis with content analysis.

As part of my research I have conducted two survey questionnaires where the first one has closed ended questions and the second one has both closed and open ended questions. My doubt was whether to call this a Quantitative or Mixed Methods approach?

As part of my research I have conducted two survey questionnaires where the first one has closed ended questions and the second one has both closed and open ended questions. My doubt was whether to call this a Quantitative or Mixed Methods approach?

As part of my research I have conducted two survey questionnaires where the first one has closed ended questions and the second one has both closed and open ended questions. My doubt was whether to call this a Quantitative or Mixed Methods approach?

Kindly share your thoughts

Hello esteemed colleagues,

I am currently conducting a mixed-methods exploratory sequential design (QUAL+quan) research project. Having completed the qualitative component of my study, which included a thematic analysis of interviews, I am now delving into the quantitative portion.

Data collection for this section is complete, with 120 responses gathered via Qualtrics. However, I am seeking advice on how best to analyze this data and structure the ensuing chapter in my thesis.

Would anyone be able to suggest an effective approach for data analysis that would align with the previously conducted qualitative analysis? Furthermore, I would greatly appreciate if anyone could provide a suitable outline for structuring the quantitative chapter of my thesis.

Any assistance, advice, or resources would be highly valued as I navigate this part of my research journey.

Thank you in advance for your time and contributions.

I have been trying to make a clear solution with a poorly soluble drug with a solubility around (~6.00e-05mg/ml)(weak base) and sulfobutylether-βcyclodextrin by conventional mixing method. (mixing in low shear via a magnetic stirrer). Is there any method i can try to dissolve it?

I am conducting a research study using a mixed methods exploratory sequential design (QUAL+quan). I have completed the qualitative phase and I am now in the process of working on the quantitative findings chapter. I'm wondering about the best way to structure this part of my research. Would it be appropriate to structure the quantitative chapter to reflect the same themes that emerged during the qualitative phase? Any advice or resources on how to structure this chapter would be greatly appreciated

During the research with mixed methods, for example, we combine two methods between qualitative approach with case study method and study literature review. We start the research with a qualitative approach through the case study method, then continue with the study literature review.

A researcher has deployed a qualitative approach in the data collection phase of research but has later decided to spice the analysis with some aspect of quantitative analysis. What can such mixing be called? Literature references will be appreciated.

I am going to research the impact of language policy at a university among international students. In this case, should I go for case study or mix method?

Also, do I need to provide theoretical and conceptual framework?

The study will contain a triangulation of data:

Quantitative Questionnaire,

Semi-structure Interviews,

Staff Observations/questionnaire, and

Institutional Records.

Any advice would be much appreciated.

Under which research design should be Multiple approaches place?

Hello everyone!

Hope you are doing well sir/madam.

I am doing PhD in sociology by applying an exploratory sequential design in my dissertation. I am stuck in the methodology section right now and need assistance. my question is should I prepare qualitative, quantitative and mixed method questions or only one question mixed question is enough? and also a hypothesis is needed or not?

thank you very much

I want to study the relationship between parameters for physical activity in a lifespan and the outcome of pain (binary). I have a longitudinal data with four measurement, hence repeated measures.

Should I do an GEE or a mixed method? And does anyone guides on how to rearrange my dataset so it will fit the methods? I have tried the GEE with long data and wide but I keep on getting errors.

To clarify, my outcome is binary (at the last measurement) and further my independent variables are measured at four times (with the risk of them being correlated).

While conducting a mixed methods systematic review of literature, I could not get an adequate guiding manual or videos which explicitly show how the mixing is done, at both the extraction and synthesis stages of the review. Even though there exists a recommendation that data extraction is commendable to do in different extraction formats, to the best of my search, I could not get material with explicit examples of the procedures required for the different types of mixing proposed in some existing manuals like the JBI Manual of evidence synthesis. Can anyone help me with sharing their experience (a self-explanatory article) with the technical steps, be it any of the types of mixing?

Dear experts, I have two questions to ask.

1. Does every research need a TF and CF? (TF means theoretical framework and CF means conceptual framework) P.S. I am planning to do mix-method research.

2. Also, how do you know what kind of methodology is required when writing your dissertation?

Please enlighten me. Thanks!

The action research in our institutions is intended to solve problems in our department. We only have around 10-14 faculty in a span of 4 years when I started. So, when the faculty members are the participants, qualitative research is usually utilized or mixed method.

This is a population data from a small school of faculty members where I am working. This is intended to present baseline data pertinent to the problem experienced in school, basis for an action plan. I have it correlated but I establish first descriptive statistics of the variables. I consider having having a separate thematic analysis and furnish it with related studies to make my Results and Discussions substantial. Any suggestions for the design for improvements? Currently, it is descriptive-correlational in a mixed method approach.

I have conducted a master's level research project on patient experiences of ward rounds

Unfortunately due to the patient group (inpatients on an acute mental health ward) many patients declined to participate and were too unwell which is typical on a ward like this

We did a mixed methods study - semi-structured interview based on a survey we designed, with some quantitative items usually dichotomous yes/no or likert rated questions

We only got 14 out of a possible 32 participants. Our dissertation supervisor told us that 14 is too small to perform any kind of inferential statistics on and to just do descriptive statistics like reporting means etc. as sample is too small for the studied to be sufficiently powered

First of all, wanted to ask:

I just wanted to check that a sample size cannot be calculated because existing research does not have a prevalence estimate for patients experience of how helpful psychiatric ward rounds are (that was one item we asked on the survey) as most studies in this area look at subjective quality of life ratings which we didn't measure

And secondly, what is the minimum sample size supported in research for performing inferential statistics? Google results suggest 30 participant minimum but we cannot find an academic paper to support this figure

Thanks in advance!

Modern research recommends that researchers apply the Mixed Method Research Approach to developmental research studies.

This is both Quantitative and Qualitative data that have to be collected from the field. The former is from the sampled respondents, and the latter is from the non-sampled respondents, like Focus Group Discussions and Key Informants Interviews at the local level.

Most development practitioners and Social Science researchers are interested in using this Mixed Methods Research Approach.

The main advantage of using this mixed-method approach is that it could help the researchers ascertain the results' validity and reliability.

This Quantitative data can be triangulated with the Quantitative data to measure the validity of the research.

If possible, please provide some references.

Pragmatism is the overarching theoretical lens I have used to conduct my mixed methods PhD research. I have used reflexive thematic analysis for the analysis of my qual data and felt critical realism would have been a good fit for how I want to analyse the data, however I have read much about the tendency for these two theories to be at odds. Is it possible for me to use both in my project?

Hi everyone,

I am setting out my thesis. I will be using mixed methods research(Survey & Interview)

I have my research question and 3 research objectives.

I want to use an established academic framework that gives me 3 themes and apply these themes to each of my objectives, they work really well to help answer my RQ.

At what stage do I introduce and the themes? is it after my lit review, something like "Based on X23) framework of themes 1,2 and 3. I will apply these to my research methodology, findings and discussion

Or do I introduce the framework at the introduction? if so, how do I justify using them from the introduction?

TIA

Hi all,

Having a brain-freeze moment!

My research is a mixed methods approach or survey and interview, I am using my research objectives and I formed my hypothesis at the Li Review. At my findings and discussion chapter, I am analyzing the data by the RO and Hypothesis

Am i correct in saying, I dont need to have inductive or deductive themes also?

TIA!

Mixed methods research resides in the middle of this continuum because it incorporates elements of both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Mixed methods research is an approach to inquiry involving collecting both quantitative and qualitative data, integrating the two forms of data, and using distinct designs that may involve philosophical assumptions and theoretical frameworks. Mixed methods combine qualitative and/or quantitative methods during either collecting or analyzing data. The main assumption is that combining qualitative or quantitative methods provides a comprehensive understanding of the research problem.

Since mixed methods research refers to some form of integration of qualitative research methods and quantitative research methods in a single research, it combines at least one qualitative component and at least one quantitative component (Guest & Flemingo, 2015: 582). According to Fischler (n.d), mixed methods research methodology utilizes both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, for example, interviews and questionnaires, performance tests and observation, etc.

What about mixing investigators of different paradigms to process mixed methods effectively?

SLR is just a phase in my research

Hello

I would value thoughts on the strengths, weaknesses, advantages and disadvantages of the MMAT as a critical appraisal tool, used to appraise qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method studies. In advance an abundance of thanks.

Hello

What are the strengths, weaknesses, advantages and disadvantages of the MMAT as a critical appraisal tool, used to appraise qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method studies. In advance an abundance of thanks.

kindly provide any study materials or references that could help determine the sample size for this type of research design.

The theoretical framework is vital to all researches to clarify the implicit theory in a manner that is more clearly defined. It may also provide researchers to consider their limitations and alternative theories that challenge their perspective.

I did key informant interview for a research earlier. I published a paper using in-depth interview / key informant data. I used comments from the interviewees in my earlier papers.

Now I am planning to publish a mixed method paper combining interview data with questionnaire data. If I use those comments from my earlier paper in the mixed method paper will it be considered plagiarism?

Thank you

The empirical procedure for the Qual part of the study is phenomenology (I'm a novice)

I have done a qualitative study and my teacher is asking me now to add a quantitative analysis including 20 variables and 200 respondents do I need to add a model and hypothesis or not

Good Day! I am confused of what should be the statistical treatment for my study which is a Mixed methods approach. My study is about religious perceptions and behavior in pandemic.

My study use a demographic profile (age,gender and religion) and followed by the qualitative questions. Now, my question is How will I analyzed three religious groups? What should be the statistical treatment for analyzing my demographic profile. I am so confused. I am willing to accept advices and learnings. Thank you ..

Hi everybody.

I plan to collect data using a mixed - method approach a) case studies in six schools, including interviews and observations of both leaders and teachers), and at the same time, b) I will send a questionnaire to a random sample of leaders and teachers in the city, in order to carry out the concurrent triangulation design. My question is, "How can Ian describe my research methodology?" Can I use case studies with survey methodology, or case studies and descriptive questionnaires? s)

Thank you for your assistance.

Hello everyone. I am going to write my research proposal on the topic of influencer marketing. I will use the mix-method to study social media influencers and their followers' travel intentions. I want some recommendations as part of my qualitative method. How to apply the qualitative method to understanding the relationship between social media influencers and their followers, or any paper or some theoretical recommendation. Thank you

We are running a systematic review of methods used to assess toxicity from glucocorticoids in inflammatory conditions (Prospero registration: CRD42022346875). We are in the process of screening and selecting papers for full-text review. As part of the quality appraisal we are thinking using the MAPP tool but several studies (e.g., DOI: 10.1111/jep.12884, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.03.008) present some conflicting findings as for the tool's usefulness. Studies conclude that Additional validation research on the MMAT is still

needed. In our review we will include some mixed methods studies but most quantitative studies (e.g., RCT, observationals, cross-sectionals, validation, etc.). Given the broad nature of the study, we think this tools deemed appropriate, yet, we doubt as for its sound efficacy. Any previous experience or thoughs, would be much appreciated.

It seems that interpretivism is for the qualitative methods but what if the content analysis is combining qualitative and quantitative methods?

To clarify -

is it possible to have different approaches to multi-stage mixed method research design depending on the research questions - both in terms of number of stages as well as type of research in each stage?

Like for Research Problem A I have quali-quanti-quali, for RP B I have quali-quanti-quanti-quali and so on?

I am conducting a Systematic Review of mixed methods approach. Is it permissible to include a repository copy of a University of another paper that im already including in my SR? although it has some different content in term of its results and discussions too.

hello ..

thank you for reading my quistion and i will appreciate any help. i am doing my master dissertation now which i am investigating gender represenatation in textbooks. my method is content analysis and i will collect data which includes genders of poets, scientists, authours, leaders and so on. i also will look at the appearance of each genders in varied areas. the data will be gathered from texts and pictures and i will interpret it (after analising) in charts and diagrams.

my quistion is does this process considered as qualitative or quantitave or mixed methods? and about the data is it qualitative data or quantitative ?

thank you

Fatema

Which is better to use concurrent or sequential and why

I am currently doing some research exploring the impact of Junk Food marketing on the consumer behaviour of children and parents using both surveys and observation - thus qualitative and quantitative- what would my philosophy be

As in mixed methods, we use qualitative and quantitative methods; so in triangulation what methods do we use?

For example, one researcher adopt constructivist and pragmatism in one mixed method research?

I'll create a paper with the following RQs. What kind of mixed method is this?

RQ1. How do students perceive cheating? (survey; descriptive statistics; quanti)

RQ2. Why do students cheat? (Open-ended question; thematic analysis; quali)

I'm a newbie. Pls help. Thank you!

Mixed methods approach: the initial qualitative findings were used to build an intervention, from which I collected quantitative results (seq exploratory). The last qualitative strand was used to expand on quantitative findings (seq explanatory) but interview questions have also been informed by the initial QUAL findings.

QUAL -> QUAN -> QUAL

Is there a particular nomenclature to this approach whereby qualitative findings inform future qualitative interview question design?

i 'm doing the research on conceptual framework development of online assessment in new normal environment. due the data collection and analysis in embedded mixed method, my respondent for primary data is from undergraduate student throughout the questionnaire and interview the small group of undergraduate student as a secondary data. however, in a way to justify the best element in the framework according to the questionnaire , what kind of statistical analysis that able to be applied to get the result?

To define quantitative analysis as such in a mixed methods approach, is it necessary to include a regression analysis?

How do you write an OBJECTIVE with a Moderating variable, considering that its a mixed method study?

There seem to be a scholarly debate on the specific difference(s) between multi-methods and mixed methods. To what extent does multi-methods differ from mixed methods?

Mixed Methods Study

Please recommend an article.

Hi, I am using interviews and questionnaire in my exploratory research. I know it is called exploratory sequential research. But I am confused if I can call it pragmatic approach as I am using mixed methods? Can someone please justify it? Thanks you

What is the best technique to determine the sample size for a mixed-method, e.g., quantitative, qualitative, quantitative and qualitative? Considering a mixed method is employed for a complementarity purpose?

Hello,

I am conducting a qualitative study with semi structured interviews (N=10), and the method of analysis is thematic analysis. In my questionnaire, I included 3 dichotomous questions related to participants' knowledge, education and experience. I would like to present the data on a likert scale. Could that be possible? Preferably, I would not like to change my method to a mixed method analysis.

Thank you very much.

Dear fellow researchers,

Usually we use lavaan for continuous variable, so can we still use lavaan for categorical variable (e.g. high and low ethnic diversity composition)?

Thank you very much!

Best,

Edita

Exploring challenges and prospects of online assessment at higher education. I want to explore challenges by students and prospects by teachers so please guide me accordingly