Science topic

Migration - Science topic

An interdisciplinary group for research on migration issues.
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Highlight studies on how rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns affect pest migration, reproduction, and survival.
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Certainly! Last year, this paper was published on the topic:
Hong, J., Lee, M., Kim, Y. et al. Potential range shift of a long-distance migratory rice pest, Nilaparvata lugens, under climate change. Sci Rep 14, 11531 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62266-x
And a good complementary read:
Kriticos, D., Szyniszewska, A., Bradshaw, C., Li, C., Verykouki, E., Yonow, T. et al. (2024) Modelling tools for including climate change in pest risk assessments. EPPO Bulletin, 54(Suppl. 1), 38–51. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12994
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With contact education requiring proof of attendance, we are migrating from paper-based registers the students sign, to QR codes. This still means that the lecturer has to access the data and pull it across into the prescribed marksheets. Have you found a better method leveraging technology?
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Please contact med about digital attendence systems: mats.brenner@ki.se
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Anisotropic Pre-Stack Depth Migration of Seismic Data: A Case Study in Southwest of Iran Ebrahim Zare, Mohammad Ali Riahi, Mahdi Nazari Sarem
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The journal “Journal of Seismic Exploration” https://geophysical-press.com/about-the-journal/ is not assigning DOIs to their papers.
The journal provides open access without charging an APC, because of this (?), they have no real presence in Google Scholar (as far as I can see) and assigns no DOI to their papers.
It is as far as I can judge a small but excellent journal with an indexing in Scopus. The paper you mentioned can be found here https://geophysical-press.com/online/Vol33-2_art3.pdf
I presume you wonder how to cite this paper, looking at for example https://academic.oup.com/jge/article/19/2/157/6562529?login=false#347601285 and scroll to the references you see that the citation of Wang Y, 1999 has two links: one to the Google Scholar link (present because the paper was uploaded here in RG) and one to the WorldCat link. I guess somewhere this year the paper you mention might have such links as well. For now, all you can do (if you want to cite this paper) ‘just’ give the proper details (including volume nr. etc.).
Best regards.
PS. A journal does not have a DOI, the individual journal articles published in a journal, that is a member of for example CrossRef, get a DOI assigned.
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I am running SDS-Page western blot using 10% acrylamide gels. However, my samples are not migrating more than 55 kDa. The bands are not defined. I am using 4x Laemmli buffer with LDS from Biorad. The cell lysates are human whole brain lysates. I am wondering if the LDS has something to do with this? I tried to boil the samples at 95 degrees for 5 min; heat at 70 degrees for 10 min, all did not work.
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I'm going through the same too
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I focus on animal taxonomy, where everyone uses ancestral range estimation method to reconstruct species migration in the speciation process. I've operated BEAST many times, and have helped some researchers do their Bayesian stochastic search variable selection (BSSVS) analysis for virus spread. I think this method is wonderful that it can even estimate a rough migration trace. Though, I haven't seen any of my realm's studies used it instead of ancestral range eatimation and I want to know the reason. Doesn't this model have a good accuracy across species, or on a MYA-scaled timeline?
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I think many interesting tools developed by people in phylodynamics are largely underutilized in other branches of evolutionary biology. Indeed, many models might be useful in analyzing processes at macroevolutionary scales. Still, these tools were designed to study viral evolution: viral phylodynamic data typically contain high temporal and spatial information (well, we can track the process itself in a real-time process in many cases), enabling the use of parameter-rich models like complex diffusion models. Unfortunately for the long-term macroevolutionary processes, we often lack such informativeness, and thus the data might not have enough power for parameter inference, leading to nonsensical results.
However, I do think that these approaches might be effective, at least for some types of clades, if their dispersal dynamics are not so complicated and species are well sampled, although further simulation study and empirical validation might be needed to completely justify their uses.
I am not an expert on this topic and my suggestions might not be optimal but I think these studies might be useful to start your investigation on applying diffusion-type models in biogeography at a macroevolutionary scale:
I hope this helps.
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Hello all,
I am currently performing a transwell assay with primary NK cells. I have tested this system under several conditions, including the addition of HIFBS, varying incubation times (1 to 2 hours), and different cell numbers. However, the results have not been consistent, particularly the chemoattractive effect of CXCL10 (50 nM), which is not as pronounced as reported in other papers. Could you provide some advice on how to improve this assay?
Thanks in advance!
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Here are some general tips for consistent cell culture experiments
1. passage and confluency of cells prior to seeding for assay should be similar, especially for primary cells. I'm not familiar with NK cells but primary cells can change a lot from one passage to the next. keeping the passaging and state of the cells similar prior to seeding in the transwells should help minimize if cells were overgrown and might go into G0.
2. enough technical replicates (wells) per condition. I would use at least 4 so if there is a wonky one then it can be excluded and there are still 3. then the average of those 3 wells is one bio replicate.
3. aliquoting the stimulant chemokine - freeze/thaw cycles of this will affect its activity so aliquot it early, don't just use one tube over and over. also the source company for this protein, might vary from one to another.
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I performed a migration assay on MDA-MB-231 cell line. After 24h of serum starvation, the cells were seeded in 6.5 mm 8 um polycarbonate transwells.
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coomassie blue is an organic acid that changes form with increasing acidity so that at pH lower than 2 the colour changes to green in a similar fashion to litmus paper changing colour with changing pH
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I'm running WB for CD9/CD63/CD81. If I don't use the reduction agent my proteins have a deteccion signal but they don't migrate, they stay on the top of the gel. If I use BME I don't get signal as detection antibodies often recognize the disulfide bond (that BME disrupts) on the antigen's epitope. I have used diferent concentrations of BME 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% and any of them works for me. Some advice or other focus to make them migrate?
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Hi Matyas Kutnyanszky I found that my samples were too concentrated, which caused protein aggregation. I had to dilute the samples, ensure they were properly dissolved, and I also switched the Laemmli buffer to BioRAD’s version. This helped my proteins migrate properly.
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CO2 Sequestration
1. To what extent,
the concept of ‘impelling force’
introduced by Hubberts
would be able to provide
a useful means of
visualizing
the net forces acting on CO2?
2.  If the impelling force represents
the negative of the gradient in CO2/brine potential,
will it still remain to be a vector quantity
that would precisely define
the direction
in which
CO2 would tend to migrate,
considering
capillary effects?
Suresh Kumar Govindarajan
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The concept of "driving forces" introduced by Habert could play an important role in understanding and modeling the net forces acting on CO2, especially in the context of atmospheric and climate sciences. This concept is used to analyze and describe the dynamics of gases and other components in the atmosphere, as well as their impact on climate change.
In this context, driving forces can be considered as factors influencing the concentration of CO2 and its dynamics in the atmosphere, such as:
  1. Human activities: The burning of fossil fuels, industrial production, deforestation, and agriculture are major sources of CO2, creating a positive driving force for increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. These activities can be viewed as external driving forces that increase CO2 emissions.
  2. Natural forces: Natural processes, such as volcanic eruptions, soil degradation, or emissions from oceans, also contribute to CO2 concentration, but on different time and spatial scales. These factors represent "driving forces" that can either increase or decrease CO2 concentration, depending on the nature of the process.
  3. Natural absorption processes: On the other hand, there are natural forces that act in the opposite direction. These "driving forces" include the absorption of CO2 by oceans and plants (photosynthesis, solubility in water), which act as negative forces that reduce CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.
  4. Technological and political responses: Policies related to reducing CO2 emissions, such as renewable energy sources, decarbonization, and technological innovations like carbon capture and storage (CCS), represent additional driving forces aimed at reducing CO2 levels.
Net forces on CO2 could be described as the difference between the driving forces that increase CO2 in the atmosphere and those that remove it. For example, if human activities and natural sources of CO2 exceed absorption by the oceans and plants, the net force will be positive, meaning an increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Conversely, if natural absorption processes become stronger, the net force will be negative, potentially leading to a reduction in CO2 in the atmosphere.
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Understanding African refugees migration
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The causes are based on multiple factors-Labor migration: The recruitment of workers from Eastern Africa to the Gulf has increased significantly, creating one of the world's busiest maritime migration routes, like Kenya and Uganda.
Social and political factors: People are leaving their country due to persecution based on their ethnicity, religion, race, politics, or culture, including war, conflict& government persecution.
Environmental factors: Environmental factors can contribute to migration.
Living and working conditions: Poor living and working conditions can lead to migration.
International corporations: The policies of international corporations can impact migration by influencing employment opportunities, incomes, and living conditions.
Other factors that can contribute to migration include: poor governance, nepotism and corruption, human rights violations, political instability, and the real or perceived opportunity for a better life.
The impact of migration can include:
The need to mitigate the impact of migration on health
Cultural and ethnic groups being split by borders
Governments facing challenges in managing international boundaries
The underlying factors can be traced to the organization of tasks, living and working conditions.
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Hi everyone,
I'm working with a protein of interest (POI) that is approximately 200 kDa, which I'm producing in E. coli. After cell lysis and Strep-tag purification, I can isolate my protein, but I still have some impurities. Based on SDS-PAGE analysis, my POI is by far the largest protein in the sample, with the next largest impurity migrating between 100 kDa and 70 kDa under reducing conditions.
I know that Superdex 200, when used on an ÄKTA system, should effectively separate my POI, as it would likely elute close to the void volume, while the impurities should elute later. However, I don’t have easy access to an ÄKTA system at the moment. I’m considering using gravity-flow size exclusion chromatography (SEC) instead, but I’m unsure about the column height required to achieve sufficient resolution.
Has anyone had experience with gravity-flow SEC for proteins of this size range?
Specifically, I’d appreciate any advice on the appropriate column height, resin choice, and any other tips for optimizing this approach.
Thanks in advance for your input!
Best regards, Niklas Eckert Elfving
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Thank you very much for the answer Manuele!
I understand. Sounds like it might be worth investing in an FPLC system.
Best,
Niklas
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Explore the challenges and opportunities that arise as different ethnic groups interact and adapt to global influences. Try to focus on the ethnic groups in your country.
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They will definitely impact the preservation of ethnic identities due to the processes of integration and assimilation. Living in the host country will affect the preservation of ethnic identities whether at school, work, shopping as the persons are supposed to speak the language of the host country and know about the culture of the host country. The process of cultural metamorphosis will be triggered and lead to what Bhabha calls the third space where the contestation between the two cultures, origin and host, take place. The impact on the 2nd generation would be greater than the 1st and so on.
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In metallic materials, the process of grain growth is also the process of grain boundary migration. So what role does atomic diffusion play in this process? Is there long-range diffusion migrating between grains, a process similar to transport; or is there diffusion within grains, where grain torsion occurs; or is it some other process.
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On Annealing a plastically deformed material, there will recovery, recrystallization followed by grain growth. During recovery, internal stress is relieved by dislocation annihilation, point defects re-arrangement and polygonization. During recrystallization, new strain grains are formed more or less of equal shape. During grain growth, these small grains coalesce and coarsen into bigger and fewer grains. This happens mainly by atomic diffusivity and grain boundary migration MAINLY ALONG GRAIN BOUNDARIES between grains. Diffusion flux (atomic diffusivity) happens from grain boundaries INTO the grains, resulting in the disappearance(vanishing) of grain boundaries and MANIFESTING into larger & fewer grains (viz. Grain Growth). This is a complex thermodynamic phenomenon involving free energy change, entropy & temperature.
thanks & regards,
g. sudhakar
PhD(materials engineering)
HCU.
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Dear colleagues,
I am looking for co-author. My scientific inetrests are migration and immigrant integration in the EU.
I will be glad to collaborate!
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While my previous research has not focused on this area, I am very interested in exploring the topic of internally displaced persons (IDPs) due to conflict. Would you be open to collaborating on research in this area? If you have any specific aspects of this topic in mind, I would love to hear your thoughts. Please feel free to contact me at linsanrui@correo.ugr.es
Looking forward to your response.
Best regards,
Linda.
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Existen diversos conflictos y problematicas sociales en el mundo que han causado migraciones. Por ejemplo, la migración venezolana y la reciente migración debido a la guerra entre ucrania y rusia. Adicionalmente, se evidencia una necesidad en otro territorios de repoblar zonas rurales que estan deshanitadas, se requiere una politica migratoria que oriente a dichos fines donde se conecten estas dos problematicas.
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Identifying the exact number of populations in the world that have been repopulated thanks to migrations is complex due to the broad and varied nature of migration patterns throughout history. However, numerous populations around the world have experienced significant demographic changes and even repopulation due to migration. Here are some key examples across different regions:
### Europe
1. **Post-World War II**: Many European countries saw substantial population changes due to forced migrations, refugee movements, and resettlements after World War II. For example, Germany repopulated parts of its territory with ethnic Germans expelled from Eastern Europe.
2. **Jewish Diaspora**: After the Holocaust, there was a significant migration of Jewish survivors to Israel, the United States, and other countries, which altered population dynamics in those regions.
### Americas
1. **Colonial and Post-Colonial Migrations**: North and South American populations have been heavily shaped by European colonization, the transatlantic slave trade, and subsequent waves of immigration from Europe, Asia, and Africa.
2. **Modern Immigration**: The United States has continuously seen population growth and repopulation due to significant immigration from Latin America, Asia, and other regions.
### Middle East
1. **Jewish Immigration to Israel**: Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, there has been massive Jewish migration from Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, significantly altering the demographic landscape.
2. **Syrian Civil War**: The ongoing conflict has caused millions of Syrians to migrate, impacting populations in neighboring countries like Lebanon, Jordan, and Turkey.
### Africa
1. **Rwandan Genocide**: The 1994 genocide led to the migration of millions of Rwandans, both within and outside the country, altering the population structure significantly.
2. **Sudanese Conflicts**: Prolonged conflicts in Sudan and South Sudan have resulted in large-scale migrations, affecting regional demographics.
### Asia
1. **Partition of India**: The partition in 1947 led to one of the largest mass migrations in history, with millions moving between India and Pakistan.
2. **Chinese Diaspora**: Over the centuries, significant Chinese migrations to Southeast Asia, North America, and other parts of the world have influenced the demographics of many countries.
### Australia and Oceania
1. **European Colonization**: Indigenous populations were significantly impacted by European colonization, with subsequent waves of European, Asian, and Pacific Islander migrations shaping modern demographics.
### General Trends
- **Economic Migration**: Many countries have seen population changes due to economic migrants seeking better opportunities. Examples include Gulf States like the UAE and Qatar, which have large expatriate populations.
- **Climate Change and Environmental Migration**: Increasingly, populations are moving due to environmental factors, such as in parts of sub-Saharan Africa and island nations in the Pacific.
These examples illustrate how migrations have continuously shaped and reshaped populations across the world. While it is difficult to pinpoint an exact number of repopulated populations, these migration patterns underscore the significant impact migration has on global demographics.
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I wish to perform transwell migration assay for checking the effect of a drug on the migratory properties of Triple Negative Breast Cancer cell line (MDA MB 231). Would a difference in FBS concentration in the upper and lower chambers of the inserts act as sufficient cue to promote cell migration?
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Yes, a difference in Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) concentration between the upper and lower chambers of the Transwell inserts can act as a sufficient chemotactic cue to promote cell migration. The principle behind the Transwell migration assay is that cells will move from an area of lower concentration of a chemoattractant to an area of higher concentration.
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Do embryonic stem cells or iPSCs cultured in vitro on normal culture plates migrate spontaneously without any stimulation?
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No. They grow in colonies that stay in place. When cells divide at the center of the colony, the ones at the rim can be nudged aside sometimes. This slight nudge is the most migration you'll see from them.
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The planned relocation of the seat of Indonesia’s government was announced by President Joko Widodo in 2019 and Indonesia's parliament passed a law enabling that in 2022. Home to more than 11 million people, Jakarta sits on swampy land: it has become crowded, polluted, and is sinking at an alarming rate owing to the over-extraction of groundwater. The question is underpinned by subsidiary sub-questions in the following areas:
  • How will the infrastructure of Nusantara be developed to accommodate 1.5 million civil servants from Jakarta?
  • How will the relocation of Indonesia's capital city to Nusantara be managed to ensure minimal disruption to governmental operations?
  • What strategies are being implemented to ensure that Nusantara will be a sustainable and smart city?
  • What are the implications of the relocation of Indonesia's capital city for indigenous communities in Nusantara?
  • What will happen to the population of Jakarta after Indonesia's capital city has relocated to Nusantara?
  • How will the relocation of Indonesia's capital city to Nusantara affect the socio-economic dynamics of Jakarta and the rest of Indonesia?
The sub-questions address a different aspect of Indonesian capital's planned relocation to Nusantara, providing a holistic view of potential impacts and challenges.
Responses to the question and any of the sub-questions are welcome. Suggestions for further reading, especially technical reports and lessons from comparable relocations in other countries, would be appreciated.
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may be of interest. That article casts environmental and socio-economic perspectives on the relocation of Indonesia's capital city from Java to eastern Borneo, the first instance of large-scale, anticipatory, and managed environmental migration in the Anthropocene.
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What is the real homepage URL of migration letters journal ?
its Scopus and impact factor
and publisher details
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Stay away from this journal "Migration Letters". I see many issues:
-They were Scopus indexed https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/21000195021 but are now discontinued and the Scopus content coverage stopped somewhere in 2022
-In my reply of Janauary 20th 2024 here https://www.researchgate.net/post/Should_articles_published_in_MDPI_journals_be_excluded_in_the_assessment_of_the_scientific_production_Is_this_already_happening_in_your_country/39I wrote: “…(if you click on Scopus content coverage then you can see that) in 2023 the number of accepted and published papers increased a staggering 15-fold compared to the years before 2023.” This is often a reason for discontinuation
-The publisher seems to be that no longer the reasonably trusted “Transnational Press London” https://www.tplondon.com/about-tpl/ According to https://migrationletters.com/index.php/ml/article/view/2914/2138 the new owner is “Emerging Research Library” and if you scroll down here https://migrationletters.com/index.php/ml/indexthe new ‘publisher’ is called “Migration Letters & The London Publishers”
-The suspicious increase is (in part) explained by publishing completely unrelated papers, like for example the following paper https://migrationletters.com/index.php/ml/article/view/3548 which nothing whatsoever to do with the scope of the journal
I think that either the journal is hijacked or more likely it has been sold and is now managed by people with no other purpose than to collect money as much as possible by exploiting their (no longer existing) Scopus indexing as long as possible.
Personally I would avoid this one. And be sure they are not indexed in Scopus and they don't have an impact factor (since they are not indexed in Clarivate's indexes (ESCI, SCIE or SSCI).
Best regards.
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Hello everyone,
My question is regarding the behaviour of a (same) plasmid in two different forms: circular versus linear.
If two identical plasmid, whereas one is in circular form (undigested) and the other in linear form (once digested), is being run in a gel, which one is being expected to migrate faster (travel a longer distance) through the gel?
Thank you in advance.
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Michael J. Benedik Thank you very much for the clearance.
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Do ants in the genus Lasius migrate? If so, what are some of the characteristics of their migratory routes?
Cheers
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Hi Ran; You can get an introduction to the topic in -
Holldobler and Wilson, 1990. The Ants. Belknap Pr.
Best regards, Jim Des Lauriers
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Why did Hamas suddenly attack Israel? Did he not know that the Israeli response would be hideous? Knowing that Hamas planned this attack with the help of international forces with regional and international dominance, broad plans, rational minds, and complete secrecy. Did they not take the results into account? Why did Hamas suddenly attack Israel?
The answer is simply the huge amount of gas reserves at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea on the coast of the northern Gaza region, where the presence of natural gas reserves is estimated at more than a trillion confirmed cubic meters, which has not yet been confirmed, perhaps trillions and much more than what has been announced. Who knows except Israel and let us assume Türkiye?
This huge amount of gas is within Israel's reach, and it is easy to ship it to Europe, which is thirsty for it. It is certain that Israel will seize the opportunity to occupy and exploit it, and anyone who stands in its way.
Russia, preoccupied with the Ukraine war, is planning a deal to guarantee the lands it occupies in exchange for ignoring Gaza gas. China is far away, waiting to prey on Taiwan in exchange for its silence. The European Union is the silent beneficiary, and America is Israel itself. They rule the world, and the rest are the weak and the ruled. Among those affected are the rival country and Turkey. The truth is that Hamas was quick to launch its surprise attack. Hamas was certain that Israel would invade the gas fields on the Gaza coast, whether Hamas attacked it or not. Israel was occupying northern Gaza and its coast without discussion, ignoring all the great powers in the world.
As for Hamas, it attacked with the aim of revealing to the world that Israel would occupy the gas fields in Gaza in broad daylight, so that the whole world would be aware of what is happening in Gaza, and so that the countries of the world would know and bear witness. Serious violations and clear Israeli encroachments on Palestinian natural resources. If the issue is moving from economic geography to political geography, then there is certainly no ideological war there.
For this reason, Israel requires the residents of the northern Gaza region to leave the northern region to the southern Gaza region, and Hamas does not want the residents of the northern region of Gaza to migrate to the southern regions of Gaza. Egypt does not allow them to migrate to Sinai, and the Arab countries will not accept the displaced, and Europe is silent. Or is Turkey and Qatar inflaming the feelings of the world and the people because they are the most economically affected by what will happen? Iran does not respond equally, fearing that it will fall into a trap, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the silent beneficiary.
Starting from Ukraine, through the Republic of Niger in Africa, to Gaza, all these events are interconnected, like the thread that ignites gunpowder. Will the Gaza gas spark reach the borders of India, Pakistan, or Serbia, or where will it reach for the big bomb to explode?
All this is the painful truth, but the most important question is what next? Have we really entered World War III or not?
It is certain that Israel does not want to occupy the entire territory of Gaza, but rather intends to occupy the northern Gaza region and its sea at any cost. If Israel occupies northern Gaza with its coast in the Mediterranean Sea and guarantees its occupation of the treasures of gas fields that many, especially Turkey, covet, it will declare the end of the invasion and there will be a truce.
So what can stop China's red dragon? When they prey, they are deaf. Will Taiwan attack the source of technological chips or the source of artificial intelligence, which is the magic treasure of world domination and domination?
If we avoid World War III, what will happen politically and economically?
Will global economies collapse and will there be a financial crisis that destroys global financial markets? What about the worsening debt crisis in the world?
What's the solution? Isn’t the ideal solution to return to the United Nations and become a single global state and renounce all international conflicts, and the countries of the world agree and each of them lives in security and coexistence, and we deal with our humanity as a means of giving birth to a new world order based on artificial intelligence and absolute justice?
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Hamas and Islamic Jihad had been planning their attack for a long time. I believe that Hamas did not anticipate that it would provoke an Israeli ground offensive. Hamas thought Israel would limit itself to airstrikes. The goal may have been to prevent Israel's rapprochement with Saudi Arabia. The war will not escalate at this time.
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We are working on kink nucleation and migration using NEB method in LAMMPS. To provide intermediate replicas we need to make kink pairs. Can anyone suggest a method or tool that can be used to make double kink.
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I've attached a Python script using atomman to create the initial unrelaxed kink configuration and the two compatible end configurations A and B. This just builds the configurations, so it is still up to you to use LAMMPS to relax them as described above, and then do NEB.
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DVM, Carbon cycle,
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DVM is observed in marine and freshwater planktonic animals and results from behavioral responses to light changes at sunrise and sunset. Animals ascend to feed and descend to avoid predators and ultraviolet irradiation. DVM is a phenotypically plastic behavior that often varies in magnitude with predator abundance. The proximate basis of this plasticity involves altering light-mediated zooplankton swimming behavior by chemical cues from predators. Any horizontal displacement during DVM depends upon current flows at different depths.
In contrast, STST is used for horizontal transport and is common among invertebrates and fishes in coastal and estuarine areas. An ebb-tide carrier is used for movement out of an estuary or offshore, whereas a flood-tide page is used for training in the opposite direction. For life cycle stages such as larvae, which have limited swimming abilities, transport by tidal currents is an efficient method for rapid horizontal movement. However, even large fishes that can swim against tidal currents undergo STST, which can lead to a considerable reduction in the energy necessary for horizontal direction. STST commonly occurs only at night, probably an adaptation to avoid visual predators.
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I got comments for my manuscript: For migration assay (checking cell-cell interactions), the authors only used transwell. More approaches should be included.
Can I ask does anybody know other methods for migration assay (not transwell based)?
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Ellen A G Chernoff , thank you very much for your answer. It's very helpful.
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Want to do migration assay in T047 D cell line , please suggest protocols
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Thank you for the answers.
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I know that both Orange G and Bromophenol blue are negatively charged dyes and that Orange G may migrate faster in an agarose gel.
I found a resource that says Orange G can be used in Native-PAGE and in a DNA PAGE but I cannot find any resources that say whether the two dyes are interchangeable in a protein SDS-PAGE.
Any insight would be greatly appreciated.
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Yes, I use it all the time. Works great for NIR scanning with a LiCor. LiCor sells a pre-made 4X loading solution.
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Hi all, apologies if these are very basic questions, but I'm fairly new to FACE.
First, I've seen multiple papers using FACE to separate disaccharides. It is possible to separate chondroitin-4-sulphate and chondrotin-6-sulphate disaccharides, however, I do not understand how this is possible. Both GAG chains are are mono-sulphated, so mass to charge ratio is the same, anionic potential is the same, etc. So how are they separated?
Second, and again sorry if this is basic question, but why do disaccharides migrate in "reverse" order, such that higher molecular weight disaccharides are lower on the gel and lower m.w disaccharides are higher? Eg, ΔHA migrates slower and is at the top of the gel at m.w of 379.3, whereas ΔCS-4S has a m.w of 459.4 and is lower on the gel (m.w data from Osago et al., 2014).
Thank you all very much.
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Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) separates glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) based on differences in their fluorescent properties, which are influenced by the number and position of sulfate groups. While chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) and chondroitin-6-sulfate (C6S) both have one sulfate group per disaccharide unit, the position of this sulfate group differs between the two molecules. Specifically, C4S has a sulfate group at position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) unit, while C6S has a sulfate group at position 6. This difference in sulfation pattern affects the fluorescence properties of the two molecules, allowing them to be separated by FACE.
Regarding the migration order of disaccharides on the gel, it is influenced by the size and charge of the molecule, as well as the charge and composition of the gel matrix. In FACE, the gel matrix is composed of polyacrylamide crosslinked with bis-acrylamide, and the electrophoresis is run under denaturing conditions (e.g. high temperature, low pH), which can influence the migration order of the disaccharides. In general, smaller and more highly charged molecules will migrate faster and farther through the gel, while larger and less charged molecules will migrate slower and remain closer to the loading well. Therefore, the "reverse" migration order observed in FACE likely reflects the combined influence of molecule size, charge, and gel matrix composition on the electrophoretic mobility of the disaccharides.
These video playlists might be helpful to you:
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( i just found out that i could couple darcy flow and particle tracing modules, but still don't know how to model the attraction of a suspended charged solid particle to a charged matrix surface)
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you can use particle-traceing module in Comsol . Afterward , choose suitable material for your fine particles and import you geometry and start meshing. Finally , by adding studing about fluid-particle interaction and optomizing your boundaries , it should work.
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I am trying to understand why H. erectus initially migrated out of Africa and I am trying to understand their foot morphology and locomotive capabilities. I know there is some evidence from Ileret of footprints, but is there physical fossil evidence of a complete (or near complete) H.erectus foot?
Thank you for your help!
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Thank you for your help! Though Turkana Boy is mostly compete and a great example of H. Erectus skeleton, I believe unfortunately the fossil is missing foot bones. Any other suggestions are welcome!
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Hello!
I am struggling with Western blot. I would like to measure protein levels in bacteria cells, so I used western blot technique. Onto gel, I loaded bacteria lysates and the purified protein of interest (his-tagged). I performed WB. The purified protein is recognized by antibodies and has proper molecular weight compared to molecular mass marker, however, native proteins in cell lysates migrate much slower. Bacteria are lysed in Laemlie buffer and boiled at 95C before SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. I do not separate soluble and insoluble fractions of cells or digest DNA.
What could be a possible explanation for this? is it possible that somehow crude extract slowed down protein migration in SDS-PAGE?
I believe that the antibodies, which I used work properly - they recognize purified proteins and work well in ChIP. In the attachments, I loaded the WB result.
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This looks like proteolysis. Another possibility is that the protein forms a very stable complex that survives heating in Laemli sample buffer (rare, but not unheard of). Difficult to tell since it is unclear how big the mass difference betwen the two bands is.
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We are leaving in an era of mass Migration in any part of the World. Three days ago, many migrants from Africa and Asia have been killed in the South of Italy. The Italian authorities are trying to deal with the responsability of such tragedy. On the other side, it seems that the African Institutions are not able to explain the fact. How an entire Continent could observe its population migrate without trying any solution to stop it. What do you think about this matter? I think that International Co-opertion has the most responsability in this. African States are not able to follow their own Endogenous Development Programs. Thank you for your contributions.
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Quite simply, African leaders would not have cared about the reasons and motives for their youth to emigrate, so how do you expect them to care about addressing the post-migration repercussions? The problem is that the nature of the ruling regimes in the majority of African countries are regimes that lack legitimacy and are corrupt and linked to external powers. They do not care about the interests of their people, but rather the personal interests of leaders and their survival in power for as long as possible, even at the expense of their people and the interests of their nations.
📷
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This question is for creep specimens.
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In general, high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) are easier to migrate than low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs).
HAGBs are characterized by a large misorientation angle between adjacent grains, typically greater than 10 degrees. These boundaries have a higher energy and are more mobile than LAGBs. The reason for this is that HAGBs are composed of a larger number of dislocations, which are defects in the crystal lattice that can move through the material to allow for boundary motion. The large number of dislocations in HAGBs means that they can move more easily, making them more mobile.
In contrast, LAGBs are characterized by a smaller misorientation angle, typically less than 10 degrees. These boundaries have a lower energy and are less mobile than HAGBs. The reason for this is that LAGBs have fewer dislocations than HAGBs, making it more difficult for the boundary to move.
However, it is important to note that the migration of grain boundaries is a complex process that depends on a variety of factors, including the type of material, the temperature, and the applied stress. So, while HAGBs are generally easier to migrate than LAGBs, this may not always be the case in every situation.
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Hi,
I am currently working on my master thesis and I want to do a transwell migration assay with bone marrow derived macrophages in January. I have aliquots of the macrophages in liquid nitrogen storage and when I use them for different experiments, I usually let them recover for about 2 days with daily medium changes. The harvest (I scrape them off the dish) and the freezing-thawing process puts a lot of stress on them, so I like to give them this time of recovery and get rid of dead cells.
When I searched for protocols for the migration assay, I only find that the cells are grown in another dish prior to migration and then detached by Trypsin and seeded into the transwells for the migration. I would like to go around this detachment-step, as it would be additional stress for the macrophages. So could I also seed the macrophages directly into the transwells (5 µm pore-size) after thawing them and let them recover in there (including medium changes) or would they already start migrating even without a stimulus? Or is there any other way how I could go around the stress of the additional detaching?
Thank you for your help!
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Hi Jana,
I have the same doubt and just wanted to check with you whether you find the answer for this question?
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The question seeks to analyze the impact of immigration in Europe in different aspects and to explore the policies and measures that are being implemented to address its challenges and opportunities. Aspects such as the economy, politics and society are considered to better understand the migration phenomenon and how it can be managed effectively.
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Migration of many types in general. Immigration is the legal entity of an individual who has valid Passport and Visa to enter the country in order to carry out the assigned tasks, projects or assignments over there in the European countries.
It could be time bound tasks for the period of one year or more that could bring the changes in the economy, political and social transformations in the course of life.
The matter is that how could we measure these three dimensions in terms of growth and development of the country.
The institutional factors such as Immigration, Judicial, Administration, could have led the effect of admitting and monitoring the entry and exit of the people either legally or illegally.
Of course, the population of each European country is minimal of 3 to 5 million at maximum and to have assured all kinds of facilities in the given environment.
I strongly confirmed that the mass migration will bring productive labour force, generate income and wealth, mobilization of money and exchange of the resources etc.
They have interested to employ the servants, workers from the developing countries on salary monthly basis. None can expect the citizenship in these European countries because the Government rules and regulations by itself couldn't accept if any one who is looking for citizenship. It is very hard to get to those status except anything.
The countries economy secenario will change definitely.
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What is the purpose of resting T cells before a migration assay? Is it necessary? Do you need to have them in IL-2?
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T cell migration assays are used to study the migration of T cells in response to various stimuli. Before a migration assay, T cells are typically rested to ensure that they are not in a state of activation, which can affect their migratory behavior. Resting T cells are T cells that have not been activated and are in a quiescent state. Resting T cells are typically maintained in culture with cytokines such as Interleukin-2 (IL-2) to support their survival and proliferation. It is not necessary to have T cells in IL-2 before a migration assay, but some researchers use IL-2 to help the health of the cells during the assay.
Whether or not to rest T cells and in which conditions to rest them can depend on the specific goals of the migration assay and the research question being addressed. In some cases, it may be appropriate to activate T cells before a migration assay to study the migration of activated T cells in response to a stimulus. Whether and how to rest T cells before a migration assay depends on the experimental design's specifics and the study's goals.
The resting of T cells before a migration assay is crucial to obtain reliable results and avoid any interference of the activation state on the migration behavior of T cells. By having T cells in a uniform, non-activated state, researchers can study the true effect of the stimulatory agents on T cell migration without any confounding factors. Also, adding IL-2 to T cells during the assay can help maintain cell viability and health, but it depends on the specific goals and requirements of the experiment. The use of IL-2 or other cytokines can also affect the migration behavior of T cells, so it's important to consider the potential impact of these factors on the results.
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I have heard that 13% of the world speaks at least three languages (trilingual) but cannot seem to find a reliable reference. Has anyone come across any sources that talk about the number of trilingual speakers in the world? Thank you!
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The answer to your question depends on what you consider to fit the term "reliable"!
I could not find an answer from a journal. But I found that information also - with the conclusion of 13% - in a few websites.
The most well-known is Rosetta Stone:
(That just means I've heard of them before today!)
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Following Migration types needs to analyse
1) Intra-district
2) Inter-district
3) Intra-state
4) International Migration
D-2: MIGRANTS CLASSIFIED BY PLACE OF LAST RESIDENCE, SEX AND DURATION OF RESIDENCE IN THE PLACE OF ENUMERATION - CENSUS, 2011
following file conatins in the data like
1) Last residence within India
2) Within the state of enumeration but outside the place of enumeration
3) Elsewhere in the district of enumeration
4) In other districts of the state of enumeration
5) States in India beyond the state of enumeration
On the basis of above mentioned data catagories how to cacluate diffternt types of migration ?
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Good Morning,
Please are you able to give more hint on what you are asking? Are you looking to inform on how to analyze patterns and streams of migration using Census OR could it be you are asking for ideas/contributions on how to do it?
Migration / Census are areas of research interest. Thanks
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Hi everyone.
I have a batch of microglial cells differentiated from PBMCs that I want to use for a migration/invasion assay when exposed to some chemotactic cues. I am trying to use the Boyden Chamber (aka Transwell) system. However, since I need to differentiate these PBMCs in microglia for 10-14 days and they die if I attempt to split them, I have to plate them directly inside the transwell and keep them for very long in culture. I cannot add media into the plate well, as cells may migrate towards the external side of the transwell membrane during their differentiation.
The problem is: since the transwell membrane is porous, after ~ 7 days media leaks through and I can't finish the differentiation completely without losing cells to the other site.
Does anyone know an assay that I could run to evaluate cell migration that would not require splitting cells, enabling to keep these cells for longer in culture?
Or alternatively, does anyone know a way to prevent liquid to leak through the transwell in longer-than-usual culture systems?
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Thanks for the tip Soenke. I'll look into those plates you suggested!!! Since I have several groups to analyze, I'd want to give another shot to the transwell system, before moving to the Chemotaxis chamber, since I can read several analytes at once using this assay.
If it doesn't work, I'll prioritize my targets and move to the chemotaxis chambers, instead
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Good time of day!
I am trying to determine whether my protein is a multimer or a monomer by NativePage.
It is expressed in e. coli as an MBP tagged version, with the option of keeping or cleaving off the tag.
It is suspected that the protein is a dimer since it consistently fails to separate from cleaved MBP on a size exclusion chromatography column (as a monomer it is about 25 kDa, so about 50 kDa as a dimer, and it comes out as an overlapping peak slightly earlier than the 43 kDa MBP).
I ran several samples on a 4-16% NativePage Novex Bis-Tris gel.
On the gel, lane 1: MBP-tagged version of the protein;
lane 2: the protein alone
lane 3: MBP alone
lane 4: a mix of the protein and MBP (cleaved off)
The green box shows the MBP position, the blue and orange boxes show the approximative theoretical MW of the monomer and dimer respectively (+/-15% to account for size estimation error mentioned in the NativePage Novex Bis-Tris gel system protocol).
Off the bat, the MBP appears to be heavier than the expected 43 kDa, despite being a globular protein and having an acidic pI (so theoretically migrating relatively fast). It also comes out as two bands (three if more protein is loaded) - which I am assuming is due slight conformation differences? (should not be due to gel quality, it is new and was stored at 4°C).
So already, the first question is, why does MBP appear heavier?
The protein is even stranger, as it appears much heavier than a dimer (related proteins can be monomers up to tetramers, but are usually dimers). There is no obvious reason for it to be migrating much slower (it has a pI similar to MBP, it's a soluble protein, not a glycoprotein and there shouldn't be any glycosylation). My only explanation besides it being a higher multimer, is it possibly having a shape that slows down migration (no structures available in the literature, so can't confirm). But can protein shape alone slow down migration that much?
There is some salt in the protein alone and protein+MBP mix samples, but below 50 mM (as required per protocol), but no salt in the MBP-protein or MBP samples (I've read this can affect migration).
Alternatively, if it is a higher multimer, then why doesn't it separate from the MBP by size exclusion chromatography?
Has anyone else had problems of proteins seeming inexplicably much heavier on a Native gel ?
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Katrine, this is weird. I have one guess. The light smear above your bands suggests you may have failed to complete the sample prep SDS solvation reaction. I recommend you try again, and make sure you cook the samples hot enough. But first double check your loading buffer.
I note your MW ladder looks good, but if it's pretreated, it's not a good control for sample prep.
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We assume that they perform only two degrees of freedom, as shown by experimental evidence.
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In 3D geometric space we have 3 translational degrees of freedom x, y, z, but the question suggests something less for bacteria.
As far as I know, they have only two, as some experimental results suggest.
And yet, the question remains open how much and why? NB.https://ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT21OCT596.pdf
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Let's say I have a population consisting of two patches. In addition to recombination in each patch, there is a probability of migration between the patches. How can I incorporate migration into the Wright-Fisher model?
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Thank you for your answer. Yes, I think the same. I was more thinking about the migration part. The way I implement the migration is to generate a random variable for each individual in each patch and based on this decide if the individual migrates or not.
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I am looking for Machine Learning based migration papers, there doesnt seem to be that many??? I have already seen Micevska 2021, Best 2022, Kiossou 2020, Guy 2021, Molina 2022.
Are there any more?
Thanks!
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Dear researchers/lecturers
Does anyone know why the non-steady state chloride migration test (NT BUILD 492 nordtest method) is only applied on mortar and concrete specimens? Has anyone tried this test on a paste sample before? I want to learn this so I can do microstructural analysis on samples after exposure to the chloride test.
Thanks...
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No reason it couldn't be applied on a hardened paste. There was some early work on the changes to microstructure that takes place on an accelerated chloride diffusion test.
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Hello everyone!
I am performing migration assays using SW480 cell line in type I collagen coated plates.
I normally add collagen solution into the plates, incubate 1 hour at 37°C and then remove the solution, let them dry and use them. But now I was reading that collagen polymerization needs a base (such as NaOH).
Do you use NaOH or something similar? How can you confirm that collagen is well polimerized on the plates to use it as a migration substrate?
Thanks in advance !
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The collagen polymerization is pH-driven. You may follow the protocol attached below where in NaOH has been used. Please follow step 4 carefully.
Good Luck!
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Hi everyone,
i'm writing my thesis on bilateral migration flows using a Gravity Model and I'm new to the topic. I'm using country and yearly fixed effects. Can I include a control variable on distance?
Thank you.
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Gravity model is derived from physics and is used to explain the bilateral flow of trade determined by GDP per capita, population, and distance. It is assumed that trade flow between the two countries is positively related to their economic size and population.
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I am doing a Transwell experiment to look at monocyte migration. The cells are migrating to the bottom of my plate and some adhere some are suspended. I would like to count the cells without removing them with accutase or scraping to avoid losing cells. I have looked at CellTiter-Glo as an option. Are there other options that work better?
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You could take images of the transwell insert and use ImageJ-based automated method for rapid quantification of cell number. Please refer to the articles attached below.
Best.
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I am an international student and I am studying sociology at McGill University.
I am interested in the sociology of immigration (in particular, immigration in Canada) and have read research papers about this topic. However, I feel I'm stuck generating possible research topics for my final Master's research paper (it will be 30 to 40 pages long).
Does anyone have any exciting immigration study subjects in Canada for a Master's research paper? I am looking for both qualitative and quantitative research topics.
I also would appreciate it if you could introduce any interesting papers about immigration, mainly, in Canada
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(PDF) Immigration: analysis, trends and outlook on the global research activity (researchgate.net)
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I'm doing a research on migration process and history of migration and looking for scientific specific data about what kind of challenges migrants can face in foreign countries
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The life of a refugee is hard, they’re fleeing places of war, hunger, famine, persecution and have gone through a tough journey to find a safe haven for themselves in a completely different journey.
What challenges do Refugees and Migrants face? – Epimonia
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Hi everyone!
I would like to know if you have experience with migration and invasion assays using transwells (boyden chambers). If I use type I collagen coated trnaswells, is that migration or invasion assay? I thought only with matrigel it was possible to asses invasion but if I block the pores with type I collagen and then measure the migratory cells, in fact, I'd measure the cells with the ability to degrade collagen in the pores and then migrate, right?
All comments are welcome :)
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It's an invasion assay . Invasive cells secrete proteases that degrade the matrix ( Matrigel or Collagen ) and enable invasion .
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People migrate for many reasons. These reasons can be classified as economic, social, political or environmental: economic migration - moving to find a job or following a certain career path.
Migration can expose hosts to a greater number of infectious diseases, as it covers a larger area and visits more habitats than residents. However, because long-distance movement is energy consuming, migration can have a devastating effect on infected hosts, reducing the risk of infection.
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Greater human mobility, largely driven by air travel, is leading to an increase in the frequency and reach of infectious disease epidemics. Air travel can rapidly connect any two points on the planet, and this has the potential to cause swift and broad dissemination of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases that may pose a threat to global health security.
Population migration, spread of COVID-19, and epidemic prevention and control: empirical evidence from China | BMC Public Health | Full Text (biomedcentral.com)
Human Mobility and the Global Spread of Infectious Diseases: A Focus on Air Travel (nih.gov)
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What type of models are recommended to show the relationship between the migration behavior and the socio-economic status of in-migrants?
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Migration is considered to be one of the important strategies for the progress and development of rural poor. People migrate from one place to another for the development of their overall living standard and to enhance their social position. Social survey technique and Focused Group Discussion (FGD).
(PDF) Internal Migration and Socio-Economic Status of Migrants: A Study in Sylhet City, Bangladesh (researchgate.net)
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In the legal field of custody pending deportation (Abschiebungshaft) in the Federal Republic of Germany, errors happen more frequently in the lower instance, the district court. Above all, it is procedural errors that lead to decisions later being found to be unlawful, for example, a lawyer who can be seen from the files is not contacted or there is insufficient language mediation. In terms of reasons for this, the lack of time and the density of court proceedings are often put forward first, leading to a lower qualitative examination. In the same way, legal ignorance can sometimes be observed in the legal field of custody pending deportation.
I am interested in whether there are other areas of law in which similar errors can be identified at the lowest level? In other words, procedural errors that happen again and again.
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Are there any instructive and recommendable studies about the preunderstanding of a judge?
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hello everyone
I'm writing scenarios with fsc26
however, I have trouble filling the sample sizes in tpl files
so far I just fill the sample sizes with *2 of my empirical sampling sizes (cause my focal species is diploid so pop0=181*2, pop1=24*2)
however, these sample sizes tremendously increase the computation time to almost 1 month (I'm using Linux with 10 cores for each model)
to save computation time, will the estimated parameters be strongly affected by the smaller sample sizes I give in my scenario (e.g., only use half the original sample sizes)?
thanks a lot!
below is one of my tpl and est files of an early migration model
//Parameters for the coalescence simulation program: fsimcoal2.exe
2 samples to simulate :
//Population effective sizes (number of genes)
NEW
NHC
//Samples sizes and samples age
362
48
//Growth rates: negative growth implies population expansion
0
0
//Number of migration matrices : 0 implies no migration between demes
3
//Migration matrix 0
0 0
0 0
//Migration matrix 1
0 MIG1
MIG2 0
//Migration matrix 2
0 0
0 0
//historical event: time, source, sink, migrants, new deme size, new growth rate, migration matrix index
2 historical event
TNOMIG 0 0 0 1 0 1
TDIV 1 0 1 RESIZE0 0 2
//Number of independent loci [chromosome]
1 0
//Per chromosome: Number of contiguous linkage Block: a block is a set of contiguous loci
1
//per Block:data type, number of loci, per generation recombination and mutation rates and optional parameters
FREQ 1 0 1.8e-9 OUTEXP
// Search ranges and rules file
// ****************************
[PARAMETERS]
//#isInt? #name #dist.#min #max
//all Ns are in number of haploid individuals
1 NEW logunif 10 1e7 output
1 NHC logunif 10 1e7 output
1 NANC logunif 10 1e7 output
0 MIG1 logunif 0.00001 1 output
0 MIG2 logunif 0.00001 1 output
1 TNOMIG logunif 10 1e5 output
1 TPLUS logunif 1 1e5 output
[RULES]
[COMPLEX PARAMETERS]
0 RESIZE0 = NANC/NEW hide
1 TDIV = TNOMIG+TPLUS output
by the way, this model will stuck sometime and I have to re-simulate the model, could I edit something in this scenario to avoid stuck? thanks for any suggestion!
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Cause no one is answering, I will share a paper someone shared with me recently
The samples sizes In this paper is 20-40 among models, however, it seems to work quite well for estimating parameters
So maybe it is acceptable to use small samples sizes using fastsimcoal2
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I hope to have any explanation about migration of RNA, when i finish extraction i make electrophoresis in TAE buffer with 1% agarose but the result (no bands of RNA) but after a few days when I repeat the elctrophoresis the bands are present, what's the wrong ? and I hope to have some advice please to get a good migration. Many thanks
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The obvious answer is as Asmita and Marisol mentioned, just making sure that ethidium bromide was included in the gel, but if that isn't what happened, consider the following: RNA can be slow to go into solution, and sometimes after sitting for a while or after freeze-thaw it will be solubilized and the apparent concentration can increase. Also if the TAE used was old it may contain RNases from microbial contamination. Was it fresh TAE or a different batch of buffer the second time? Did you measure the concentration of your RNA by UV spectroscopy? It would be helpful if you could share that information and an image of your gel.
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Dear all,
I am trying to over-express some me the NaPi2b membrane protein in HEK293 cells to later run some Co-Ip. The protein has a DDK tag and seems to be expressing as I can detect a strong band at the top of the gel with a DDK antibody. The problem is that when I run my Western blot to check it it expressed the the protein seems to stay at the interface between the stacking and the resolving gel, and does not migrate to where it should be at around 76KDa. So I cannot be sure that it is expressing correctly. I have tried some methods mentioned here, where they suggested not to boil the samples before I run the gel and got relatively better results never the less there is still allot of protein stuck at the top. The gel seems to be running ok as GAPDH migrates to its correct place. I am using a RIPA buffer with protease inhibitors and my no transfection controls don't have this band so I don't know what exactly it is I am doing wrong.
I the picture picture you can see the strong band at the top of the membrane and the correct band at the 76 KDa where the protein should. The upper membrane is one in which I did not heat the samples and the lower membrane was with heated samples . Is these anything I can do to solubilize these proteins? What am I doing wrong? Thank you so much for your help
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Dear Andre,
do you check the pH of your samples before transfer on the gel (after adding the loading buffer and boiling)? In the case of the problems with electrophoretic mobility in the gel, I can advise using the gradient gel (for example 4-15% or 4-20%). There are dedicated primarily for the proteins with high molecular weights, but maybe for your protein also will be good.
Good luck!
Chris
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Hi guys!
Sorry for bothering. This is Haochen, MA student from Royal College of Art, London, Design Futures. I'm working on a project on fishing and hunting communities in Bangladesh in 2050, and it's looking at the future impacts of global warming on the lifestyle of local fishermen. But I now have some confusions and may need more professional advice and guidance. I sincerely hope to get feedback and comments from you, which will be critical and precious to my project. Thank you so much for your patience and time to read this question!
My research focuses on the effects of freshwater river salinization caused by rising sea levels. After watching some documentaries, news, I realized that the problem of salinization of freshwater not only seriously affects the stable food and economic sources of many people (migration and extinction of many fish species), but also directly affects their health (access to drinking water). Finally, I would tell a series of stories of Bangladeshi fishermen in 2050, to show what their dilemma could be, what their future lifestyle would be like and what tools they would use under the influence of freshwater salinization. But now I'm missing some deeper insights to enrich my story, so I'd like to sincerely ask you some questions. thank you very much!
The following are some of my confusions:
1. Regarding fishing: If in the southwest coastal rivers of Bangladesh, will the salinity of the rivers change significantly in different months of the year? If so, how much change could be happened? Does this monthly salinity change depend not only on monthly precipitation, but more on local geological conditions? And will this change radically affect the migration of fish and thus affect the harvest of fishermen?
In 2050, with the possibility of more extreme weather, is it possible that seasonal or monthly changes in the salinity of a river will be more dramatic than today, forcing fishermen to move more frequently to maintain a stable food source? Suppose that the middle section of the Pasur River has a salinity of about 5 in the rainy season, and in the dry season, the salinity of the middle section rises to 20, causing many low-salt-tolerant fish to leave or migrate, while saltwater fish are not adapted to inland channels environment, so there is no corresponding immigration from brackish fish, which causes fishermen do not have enough fish to harvest?
Does the salinity of a river increase uniformly from upstream to downstream? Is the salinity change of the river water regular or predictable every month and every year? Can we help fishermen have a more stable source of income in different seasons by measuring the regularity between river salinity and fish migration? If this is possible, what data could be measured?
2. Regarding population migration: If the river water in southwestern Bangladesh is salinized, will the local soil be salinized accordingly, making the arable land uncultivated and the groundwater undrinkable? Is this likely to lead to a large-scale migration of large southwest populations to live in the freshwater areas of the north? Combined with the question regarding fishing, is it possible that fishing and hunting groups living on migration will increase as a result?
These are the questions I am confused about, thank you very much for your patience! I would appreciate so much if I could receive your reply and guidance. Wish to have further opportunities to learn more in-depth and detailed knowledges from you guys, thank you very much!
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Babita Mehta Thank you so much for your reply, Ms. Babita.
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Dear distinguished colleague,
Recently we have started comparative global research that we have started recently on 'Students' perception on the Russia-Ukraine war 2022' (link to the website: http://www.covidsoclab.org/russia-ukraine-war-2022/), covering various economic and social effects of this war. The global comparative analysis helps us formulate the most useful recommendations for policymakers.
If you are interested in participating (as a contact person and a potential co-author of a joint paper, do let me know to give you further guidelines – see also research guidelines on the webpage: http://www.covidsoclab.org/russia-ukraine-war-2022/research-guidelines/). Your main task at this stage would be to motivate students from your institution (or wider in the country) to complete the online questionnaire by 30 April 2022 at the latest (here is only a preview link: https://1ka.arnes.si/a/60ee60a0&preview=on). When we have the results, we will analyse and compare them (between countries included in our study - then is a plan to prepare academic article(s) relating to different (e.g., economic and social aspects) of the Russia-Ukraine war 2022 together with the analysed results of our questionnaire survey). You will also receive data from your country/institution in order to deploy it in further research. The detailed dissemination plan will be finalised later according to the interests of international partners.
If your time is limited and do not allow you to fully join at this moment, we would kindly ask you if you could motivate and share a link with your students to fill out the questionnaire (please, do see a message and a link for students below) and we will be happy to provide you with the data/result/report for your institution.
Please, do not hesitate to contact me in case of any further queries.
Prof. dr. Aleksander Aristovnik
CovidSocLab
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🥰🥰🥰ok
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Essentially, we have various HCC cell lines that we plan to do a migration assay using corning transwell 8.0 um pores w/ matrigel. Utilized a chemoattractant of 5% FBS/DMEM serum as the chemoattractant. Utilized some growth factor + inhibitor that was present in other wells for variation. We seeded 50,000 cells and they were visible in the insert following seeding. However, when I washed/scrubbed the insert following fixation (4% PFA, then 1% crystal violet soln). The issue comes when I observed the cell/inserts under the microscope for imaging. I noticed that there were only cells present around the edges of the insert..My assumption is during the scrubbing with the cotton swab, the cells were removed. In this assumption, I would then assume that the cells never migrated down through the pores. For the chemoattractant with the growth factor, we used a concentration of 50 ug/mL and on the last variable, we used an inhibitor following that pathway with a concentration of 1.0 uM. The cells were allowed to migrate for ~24 hrs. I suppose, we could increase invasion time to 36 hrs to see if that works, but not sure what else to troubleshoot, as scrubbing is necessary to remove non-invaded cells..
Thanks in advance for the assistance.
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This is invasion assay actually. Migration assay would be free of matrigel.
Except for what have mentioned by Abderrahman, which I strongly agree with, here are something you may want to try.
1. Coat the transwell with collagen.
2. Increase your cell load.
3. Try scratch assay in parallel.
Hope this can help.
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Hello everyone,
I was performing migration assays using wound healing and transwells. I had different results in both analysis. Actually, with transwells I got significant results but by wound healing assays there is no difference between control and experimental. Is it possible to have these results?
I have read about different types of migration (collective and individual) but I do not really understand it.
Could someone tell me how these types of migrations work? and how is it measured by different assays?
Thank you in advance :)
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Usually, sample buffer comprises 10% SDS, however, if it is reduced to 4-5%, does it affect the protein migration in gel?
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Thanks a lot! @Nazlican and Kousalya
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I have timelapses of migrating cells and want to analyze the behavior of the the cell processes, (like extension and retraction) as well as look at their length and branching etc. What software could I used best to do that? Any automated software available?
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cloud computing
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You can use Cloudsim simulator is suitable such that purposes
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Can the crosslinking of preoteins, intra or intermolecular, change the electrophoretic migration behaviour of proteins on SDS-PAGE so extraordinarily, that they migrate much lower then estimated? how to explain? higher globularity of crosslinked proteins ?
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Please refer to the article attached.
Best.
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The concept of immobility is showing up -- and often in relation to the closures that the pandemic has created. My concern or interest is in the way immobility is used. Often it seems posited as the opposite of mobility (or in other words NOT migration) and that is rather narrow. Immobility is also used to describe the limits on peoples who would otherwise cross national/international borders. Shouldn't internal movement factor into our discussion as an alternative? And immobility is more than not migration, would be interested to hear thoughts on this.
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Max J. Stein , yes, it does show up in discussions of social mobility (immobility) but in migration - it is often approached as what people DON'T do, and while there are links between mobility and immobility, NOT migrating is not the same as being immobile, it has to be more than a physical movement defined by a relationship to a geographic point in time as both Nicolas Parent and Neema Ghenim argue. At an institutional level, if immobility is referenced as NOT mobility, we lose the complexities that drive immobility as a household decision for example.
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I'm working on a Research focused on this theme and I would be grateful if some of you can share his/her knowledge about the topic. Any input is appreciated, thank you.
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You are welcome!
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Aim of qualitative research study is to elucidate the migratory push factors determining locally born and educated registered nurses to migrate from the only tertiary level hospital located in the small island, modern metropolitan capital city. in a country maintaining fairly stable economic and political conditions..
Undoubtedly, in consideration of globalization, an escalation in the number of native RNs migrating from a ''destination nation' for nursing migration, has grabbed the attention of healthcare systems stakeholders in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is no empirical evidence available to provide answers toward the planning and implementation of policies and strategies to stem the flow of these limited human healthcare resources' out of the nation's public healthcare system.
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Migration of labor like healthcare workers depends on several pull and push factors
Pull factors are better opportunities available at the destination sites for career advancement, better remuneration at the destination sites, job security at the pulling site, presence of high technology to make the work more fulfilling and enjoyable, adequate holiday periods for workers at the destination sites, higher and better pensions at the pulling sites and many others.
The push factors includes poor working environment, lack of technology, poor pension, absence of job security, comparatively low salaries etc. are but a few..
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Can anyone help me to formulate my research question for a thesis paper? I would like to do a research regarding the influence of sustainable development agenda 2030 on migration flows and human rights. Yet I also want to include in my research the fact, that not only safe and regular migration can help to achieve sustainable development, but the agenda 2030 can also have a positive impact on regular migration and human rights security (may be with a reference to gender issues or climate refugees).
I will be grateful of you could help me out!
Thank you!
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How migration contributes to local economic growth?
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What migration has to do with it?
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Richa Dobal Read it. You will get the answer.
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What do you think is the general framework for analysing migration? What are the goals and objectives of this analysis? How are migration patterns best categorized? What is the practical application of migration models?
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I'm looking for a questionnaire or survey the focuses on "reason for migration". I know there are questionnaires that include "reason for migration" items, but they tend to be focused on acculturation or some form of trauma.
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Dear Patrick, how will you handle the problem of honesty? - Some refugees do not tell the truth about their motives to migrate. Sometimes they even hide their nationality and pretend a certain kind of persecution.