Microorganisms - Science topic

It is a very common practice and can either be done with MAGs or simply by 16S*.

* = depending on several things.

This research might be helpful to your research dear Saad Ali Hussein .

Herbicides pose risks to the environment and to human health, but they are also the best tool land managers have for controlling invasive plants, which themselves can cause harm to ecosystems. One Mississippi State University graduate student in forestry looks toward potential solutions to this conundrum...

"Although herbicides are currently our best tool in this fight, we cannot and should not rely on them forever. Some invasive plants have already developed resistance, which renders current herbicides useless against them and will likely render them useless against more plants in the future. We could develop new herbicides, but they would likely continue to create issues for both human and environmental health.

The solution to the problems caused by herbicides is not to turn a blind eye to the issues they cause, but to develop better solutions for invasive plant management — ideally, new management methods that are targeted at a few or single species, are safer for humans, and have a lower environmental impact. Research is currently being done to create control methods that target only one species (methods such as biological control, RNAi, and autotoxicity), which would allow us to kill only the invasive plants while leaving other organisms, including humans, unharmed...

It takes more work to develop a species-specific management method for every invasive plant than it does to create one indiscriminately killing herbicide. But I believe that this is the most sustainable way for us to manage invasive plants while causing the least harm..."

"https://undark.org/2025/03/20/opinion-toxic-relationship-herbicides/

Well, Delhi is not a country. So, it is not clear if you are only looking to collaborate with any institute in Delhi or anywhere in India. Contact me if you want to collaborate with university not located in Delhi.

Thanks again, Dr. Katie A. S. Burnette, for your further response.

So, I should write it like this (in Bengali): Although the RNA barcoding technique can be used for species identification, due to certain challenges and costs, it is usually not preferred for this purpose.

By the way, I came across a company that mentions one of their services as follows (https://ohmx.bio/applications/microbiome-analysis-2/): "Direct DNA or RNA sequencing enables base modification identification in relation to microbiome analysis." However, I am unsure whether they specifically offer RNA barcoding for species identification, which is what I am looking for.

Best regards,

Plasmodium species, which are parasitic protozoa responsible for malaria, play a role in the food chain, albeit indirectly. Their role is primarily as parasites within ecosystems rather than as primary producers or consumers. The following elucidates their position in the food chain:

Plasmodium affects hosts such as mosquitoes and vertebrates (e.g., humans, birds, and reptiles), altering their behaviour and increasing their vulnerability to predation.

Infected mosquitoes may become more susceptible to predation by insectivorous animals such as birds and bats.

Infected vertebrates may exhibit reduced fitness and increased susceptibility to predators, contributing to natural selection and population regulation.

As a component of host-parasite interactions, Plasmodium contributes to nutrient cycling. Upon the death of infected hosts, decomposition processes return nutrients to the environment, indirectly supporting detritivores and decomposers.

By inducing disease in host populations, Plasmodium can function as a natural control mechanism, mitigating the overpopulation of certain species, and thereby contributing to the maintenance of ecological equilibrium.

The evolutionary pressure exerted by Plasmodium has resulted in genetic adaptations in hosts (e.g., sickle cell trait in humans), influencing biodiversity and species resilience.

While Plasmodium does not serve as a direct food source, its parasitic interactions influence ecological dynamics, rendering it an indirect yet significant component of the food web.

what if various vibrio species? can ts broth be used?

Root exudates contain nutrients that microorganisms need for their metabolism, making them attractive to microorganisms.

If you want to preserve the consortium (instead of just specific colonies) then I would add some buffer or media to the surface (a few ml) and scrape all the cells off. Mix well and use some aliquot to freeze away. I doubt that a small amount of agar will be inhibitory in any significant way.

No, you can't fully sterilize by centrifugation. Although you can remove many bacteria that way, some will always remain in solution. And viruses would not be removed at all.

Preventing infection after a dental implant procedure is critical for the success of the implant and the patient’s overall oral health. The following steps can minimize the risk of infection:

You have to follow these steps and working closely with the dentist, patients can significantly reduce the risk of infection and ensure the longevity of their dental implants. Thank you.

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I agree with Bruno. Those look like ascidian spicules. Although identification from transmitted light is more challenging than SEM pics, you can see their crystalline structure (they are most probably aragonitic). More precise assignment would be problematic from these pictures, but the one from the picture 1402.2 could be some Didemnum species  "(...) namely

D. membranaceum Sluiter, 1909 is characterized by similar spicules (Kott 2004, fig. 19g). There is also D. candidum described by Van Name as D. candidum fusiferum (1945, fig. 37), in which some of the spicules are of similar shape." (like the spicules illustrated on the Fig. 2 W, X of my latest paper).

If you need a more precise assignment you should consider taking SEM photographs of these spicules. You definitely have some shallow water (?) marine deposits mixed up with volcanic sediments there...

Sesbania decomposition enriches the soil with a variety of beneficial microbes, beyond just Rhizobium. Key microbial groups that increase include:

Benefits in Saline Soils

These microbes enhance nutrient availability, improve soil structure, and increase plant salt tolerance, all of which contribute to better soil health and plant growth in salty conditions.

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are high-molecular-weight polysaccharides secreted by microorganisms into their surrounding environment. They play critical roles in various biological functions, including biofilm formation, cell protection, and intercellular communication. In food systems, EPS are particularly valued for their functional properties, which can enhance texture, stability, and flavor. Below is a discussion of various types of EPS produced by microorganisms, examples, and their applications in food systems.

### Types of Exopolysaccharides and Their Sources

1. **Dextran**:

- **Source**: Produced by *Leuconostoc mesenteroides*.

- **Use**: Commonly used as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier in food products like sauces, salad dressings, and dairy products. It can improve mouthfeel and prevent syneresis in gels.

2. **Xanthan Gum**:

- **Source**: Produced by *Xanthomonas campestris*.

- **Use**: Widely used in gluten-free baking, salad dressings, and sauces due to its thickening and stabilizing properties. Xanthan gum can also improve the texture and viscosity of beverages and dairy products.

3. **Gellan Gum**:

- **Source**: Produced by *Sphingomonas elodea*.

- **Use**: Utilized as a gelling agent in jellies, desserts, and yogurt. Gellan gum can form firm gels at low concentrations and can be tailored to create a range of textures.

4. **Guar Gum**:

- **Source**: Derived from the guar bean (*Cyamopsis tetragonoloba*).

- **Use**: Employed as a thickening agent in various food applications, including baked goods, dairy products, and sauces. It enhances moisture retention and improves the texture of gluten-free products.

5. **Alginate**:

- **Source**: Extracted from brown seaweeds (e.g., *Laminaria* species).

- **Use**: Commonly used in the food industry as a thickening and gelling agent. Alginate is also utilized in encapsulation technologies for flavor and probiotic delivery in food products.

6. **Carrageenan**:

- **Source**: Extracted from red seaweeds (e.g., *Chondrus crispus*).

- **Use**: Used for thickening and stabilizing dairy products, plant-based milks, and meat products. Carrageenan can also enhance texture and mouthfeel in various applications.

### Functional Properties in Food Systems

- **Thickening and Gelling**: Many EPS, like xanthan and gellan gums, provide thickening and gelling properties, enhancing product texture and stability.

- **Emulsification**: EPS can act as emulsifiers, helping to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions, which is critical in dressings and sauces.

- **Stabilization**: They help prevent phase separation and improve the shelf life of products by stabilizing dispersions.

- **Texture Modification**: EPS can alter the mouthfeel and overall sensory properties of food, contributing to consumer satisfaction.

- **Prebiotic Effects**: Some EPS can act as prebiotics, promoting the growth of beneficial gut microbiota, which can be advantageous for health-focused food products.

### Conclusion

The use of exopolysaccharides produced by microorganisms in food systems is diverse and impactful. Their unique functional properties make them valuable ingredients in improving food texture, stability, and shelf life. As consumer demand for clean-label and natural ingredients increases, the utilization of EPS from microbial sources is likely to expand in various food applications.

We may publish one of our research in to the mentioned special issue of this reputed journal. Thanks for sharing @ Dr. Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian

There is no best method.

1) they are not cultivable

2) complex environments will have their own flora that will obscure the putative 1st time isolate

3) ypu'll have no ide what the novel growth will appear to be