Metrology - Science topic

Energy resources and production are crucial matters for economic advancement. Based on recent global challenges, an energy producer needs to generate energy under the following constraints: harvest energy with minimal environmental impact, invest into appropriate energy projects under minimization of risk and initial expenditure, produce the energy...

Contemporary manufacturing must prioritise the sustainability of its manufacturing processes and systems. Zero Defect Manufacturing (ZDM) focusses on minimising waste of any kind using data-driven technology, hence enhancing the quality of all manufacturing aspects (product, process, service, etc.). Making things right on the first try is the centr...

The report summarizes the final results of the 2022 International Spectroradiometer and Broadband Radiometer Intercomparison. The International Spectroradiometer Intercomparison (ISRC) is a measurement campaign organized by the ESTI laboratories of the Joint Research Centre on an annual basis. The tenth edition has been held in June 2022 at the As...

Unilateral spatial neglect is a common sensorimotor disorder following the occurrence of a stroke, for which prismatic adaptation is a promising rehabilitation method. However, the use of prisms for rehabilitation often requires the use of specific equipment that may not be available in clinics. To address this limitation, we developed a new softwa...

The building sector is responsible for about a quarter of the CO₂ emissions in Germany, and a transformation towards an energy-efficient building stock is an essential keystone for climate protection. In this thesis, a model predictive control strategy is developed and implemented in an office building with the aim of optimizing the energy efficien...

In this paper, we focus on Guangdong province, which is a frontier area of Reform and Opening up, and analyze the variation of urban and rural temperature to detect the urbanization warming effect from 1951 to 2018, based on the daily temperature data of 85 weather stations. We classified the metrological stations into urban and rural stations acco...

Advances in the functionalization of quantum phenomena, which are now included in the discipline known as quantum information techniques, constitute an important element in the development of completely different disciplines, including quantum biophotonics. One of the important research techniques in biology is the detection of low light used in sy...

The understanding of floods has become more complex as the changing climate has made the floods more unpredictable, recurrent, and intensified. The present study focuses on the analysis of behavior of the sub-basins under the extreme rainfall events. For this purpose, an extreme flood event of 2019 in Koyna River Basin located in the Upper Krishna...

In recent years there has been considerable interest in using photonic thermometers such as Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and silicon ring resonators as an alternative technology to resistance-based legacy thermometers. Although FBG thermometers have been commercially available for decades their metrological performance remains poorly understood, hinde...

In recent years, metal–organic gels (MOGs) have attracted much attention due to their hierarchical porous structure, large specific surface area, and good surface modifiability. Compared with MOFs, the synthesis conditions of MOGs are gentler and more stable. At present, MOGs are widely used in the fields of catalysis, adsorption, energy storage, e...

Steel ropes are widely used in various machinery and transportation equipment. Magnetic non-destructive testing (NDT) methods have been used to assess their condition for more than 100 years, including the standardized active magnetic MRT method with artificial magnetization of a rope section and detection of Local Fault (LF) and Loss of Metallic A...

The need to control the real-time location of assets is increasingly relevant worldwide. The Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is an IoT solution for real-time locating systems (RTLS). The location of the asset is obtained by the signal exchange between a wireless tag (asset) and fixed anchors. The tag interacts with the fixed anchors, defining its p...

Due to their greater workspace and lower cost, industrial robots can provide an alternative solution to CNC machine tools for milling of aerospace parts. However, current machining robots fail to meet the required finishing tolerances (0.1 mm) of the aerospace industry. To improve the accuracy of industrial robots during milling, this paper propose...

On-line diagnostic system of Desalination Plant provides early detection of MED equipment malfunctions, gives a possibility to optimize the interval between maintenances/acid cleanings, and increases annual productivity of the Plant. From other side, installation of additional sensors and detectors is followed by significant increase of the Desalin...

Diabetes mellitus is the most acute medical and social problem in almost all countries of the world. The search for evidence-based approaches to the prevention of diabetes continues. Stevia rebaudiana leaves, leaf extracts are used both for the prevention of diabetes mellitus and in the complex therapy of the disease. The main group of biologically...

Standardized precipitation index prediction and monitoring are essential to mitigating the efect of drought actions on precision farming, environments, climate-smart agriculture, and the water cycle. In this study, four data-driven models, additive regression, random subspace, M5Pruned (M5P), and bagging tree models, were adopted to predict the sta...

Here, we experimentally demonstrate a straightforward-to-implement scheme that enables the rotating velocimetry of a noncooperative target at large deflection angles. This scheme is based upon the combination of digital modal decomposition with the rotational Doppler effect of orbital angular momentum (OAM)-carried light modes. To achieve this, we...

Thermal metrology is critical in many high-energy industrial processes to optimize the process efficiency, energy consumption and quality of end product. Here, we present the design and development of a double thimble type standard type-1 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) high temperature sensing probes. Two different probes named probe-1 and probe-2 are d...

The novel weak-value-amplification (WVA) scheme of precision metrology is deeply rooted in the quantum nature of destructive interference between the pre- and post-selection states. And, an alternative version, termed as joint WVA (JWVA), which employs the difference-signal from the post-selection accepted and rejected results, has been found possi...

Wearable and portable devices capable of acquiring cardiac signals are at the frontier of the sport industry. They are becoming increasingly popular for monitoring physiological parameters while practicing sport, given the advances in miniaturized technologies, powerful data, and signal processing applications. Data and signals acquired by these de...

At the Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine a modern technology for ground investigation has been created for solution of the engineering geological problems, including seismic microzonation. Technology is based on the methods and apparatus of radioactive logging (RL), which involves neutron-neutron logging (NNL),...

Early experiments with transiting circular Rydberg atoms in a superconducting resonator laid the foundations of modern cavity and circuit quantum electrodynamics¹, and helped explore the defining features of quantum mechanics such as entanglement. Whereas ultracold atoms and superconducting circuits have since taken rather independent paths in the...

Drawing inspiration from a remarkable chiral force found in nature, we show that a static electric field combined with an optical lin$\perp$lin polarization standing wave can exert a chiral optical force on a small chiral molecule that is several orders of magnitude stronger than other chiral optical forces proposed to date, being based on leading...

Better knowing the precision on the measured value of the Brillouin peak frequencies is essen-tial in order to use it to deduce parameters related to studied materials. Modern methods for evaluating uncertainties are based on the recommendations of the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. After checking the agreement between the m...

p>As semiconductor manufacturing is moving towards 3 nm nodes and beyond, the development of advanced metrology techniques to control the quality of fabricated features on silicon wafers is becoming more and more crucial. Among the popular metrology methods, Scanning Electron Microscopy is one of the most important techniques since it can produce i...

This paper presents a practical way of using the method of evaluating the metrological properties of eddy current sensors. The idea of the proposed approach consists of employing a mathematical model of an ideal filamentary coil to determine equivalent parameters of the sensor and sensitivity coefficients of tested physical quantities. These parame...

Blender is a free and open-source 3D animation software, which can be used as a simulation tool in metrology, to build numerical models that can be used in the design and optimisation of camera-based measurement systems. In this work, the relevance of using Blender to model reality from an observer's point of view, according to the laws of optics,...

Topological response of matter to electromagnetic fields is the property in demand in materials design and metrology due to its robustness against the noise or decoherence, stimulating recent advances in ultrafast photonics. Similar topological robustness is desirable in enantio-sensitive detection but is currently missing. We introduce the concept...

The ultraviolet index UVI is a very important parameter used to inform the public about UV cons. This can affect human health and lead to several issues. Many manufacturers have developed UV-index UVI radiometers based on the detection of the UV actinic spectral range. The response band of these radiometers is far from the actual actinic spectral r...

Laser cavity-solitons can appear in systems comprised of a nonlinear microcavity nested within an amplifying fiber loop. These states are robust and self-emergent and constitute an attractive class of solitons that are highly suitable for microcomb generation. Here, we present a detailed study of the free-running stability properties of the carrier...

The influence of structure and technological parameters (STPs) on the metrological characteristics of hydrogen sensors based on MISFETs has been investigated. Compact electrophysical and electrical models connecting the drain current, the voltage between the drain and the source and the voltage between the gate and the substrate with the technologi...

This research activity regards the development of a sensor based on a Sansevieria cylindrica plant for the measurement of visible radiation. The proposed solution, based on the adoption of a soil-plant system as a chemo-electrical transducer, goes beyond “classical” silicon-based approaches that are not biodegradable nor eco-friendly and that produ...

Optical interferometers are pillars of modern precision metrology, but their resolution is limited by the wavelength of the light source, which cannot be infinitely reduced. Magically, this limitation can be circumvented by using an entangled multiphoton source because interference produced by an N-photon amplitude features a reduced de Broglie wav...

Zero signifies absence or an amount of no measure. This mathematical object purportedly exemplifies one of humanity’s most splendid insights. Endorsement of the continuum consolidated zero as a cultural latecomer that, at present, everybody uses daily as an indispensable number. Zero and infinity represent symmetric and complementary concepts; why...

A single layer frequency selective rasorber exhibiting dual-band transmissive and dualband absorber characteristics is proposed. The dual-band absorber characteristics are achieved by two concentric circular rings with circular stubs on outer ring and circular slots in inner ring. The dual-band transmissive characteristics are achieved by two conce...

In distributed quantum sensing the correlations between multiple modes, typically of a photonic system, are utilized to enhance the measurement precision of an unknown parameter. In this work, we investigate the metrological potential of a multimode, tilted Bose-Hubbard system and show that it can allow for parameter estimation at the Heisenberg li...

In the industrial semiconductor plasma processing, plasma density and its spatial distribution are critical for the understanding of discharge physics and the enhancement of the processing yield via monitoring of the status of plasma processing. Thus, real-time monitoring of plasma density and uniformity in the wafer region during wafer processing...

Mechanical frequency combs are poised to bring the applications and utility of optical frequency combs into the mechanical domain. So far, their main challenge has been strict requirements on drive frequencies and power, which complicate operation. We demonstrate a straightforward mechanism to create a frequency comb consisting of mechanical overto...

Delamination in the interlayers of multi-layer systems can cause a degradation in functionality, stability and life span of such systems. This is even more pertinent for systems at high temperatures. Laser flash analysis (LFA) has long been used for thermophysical properties measurements at high temperatures. In the European Metrology Programme for...

The optimization of the sampling scheme is particularly important in order to achieve sustainability in quality management. This paper discusses the problem of optimizing the design of metrological sampling scheme when the mean is a random variable. Assuming that the prior distribution of product means is known, a Bayesian posterior probability is...

We report on the creation of an array of spin-squeezed ensembles of cesium atoms via Rydberg dressing, a technique that offers optical control over local interactions between neutral atoms. We optimize the coherence of the interactions by a stroboscopic dressing sequence that suppresses super-Poissonian loss. We thereby prepare squeezed states of $...

The quantum mechanical weak value $A_w=\left\langle {\phi}|A|\psi \right \rangle / \left\langle \phi | \psi \right\rangle$ of an observable $A$ is a measurable quantity associated with an observable $A$ and pre- and post-selected states $\vert \psi\rangle, \vert \phi \rangle$. Much has been discussed about the meaning and metrological uses of anoma...

The requirements for thermal analysis instruments are increasing in terms of increasing the measurement ranges and improving their accuracy due to the development of scientific and technological progress in the field of metrological supervision, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The study of determining the melting point of organic substances...

Hidden corrosion, not detected timely, may significantly affect durability and integrity of aircraft structures, therefore improvement of non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques is of high importance for reliable and safe operation of aircraft. One of the commonly used NDT techniques for detection of such type of corrosion is the D-Sight technique...

The surgical procedure that lessens edema formation after frenectomy surgery is important. Re-epithelialization with lasers occurs differently from conventional surgery, and this can affect the salivary EGF level. The aim of this study was to determine edema caused by frenectomy surgery and compare the amount of EGF in saliva. Conventional and 810...

The Tsallis $q$-Gaussian distribution is a powerful generalization of the standard Gaussian distribution and is commonly used in various fields, including non-extensive statistical mechanics, financial markets, and image processing. It belongs to the $q$-distribution family, which is characterized by a non-additive entropy. Due to their versatility...

(1) Background: The aim of the study is to develop a set of models for managing a fleet of complex technical systems with metrological support, allowing the simulation and management at all the stages of the life cycle of the complex technical systems, as well as to simulate the functioning of large fleets of complex technical systems, including up...

Critical quantum systems are a promising resource for quantum metrology applications, due to the diverging susceptibility developed in proximity of phase transitions. Here, we assess the metrological power of parametric Kerr resonators undergoing driven-dissipative phase transitions. We fully characterize the quantum Fisher information for frequenc...

This work describes a full-field and near-common-path in-line laser interferometer and interferometric microscope utilizing a wire-grid polarizer (WGP) placed normally on the laser beam illuminating the sample. The WGP serves the dual purpose of a beam splitter and a polarization separator where the reference and sample beams reflected and transmit...

Objectives To assess construct validity of the CT Syndesmophyte Score (CTSS) for the measurement of structural spinal damage in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Methods Low-dose CT and conventional radiography (CR) were performed at baseline and 2 years. CT was assessed with CTSS by two readers and CR with modified Stoke Ankylos...

This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of the printing orientation on parallelism, distance, and thickness between adjacent cylinders of 3D-printed surgical guides. CAD software was used to design a surgical guide with two adjacent parallel cylinders (reference); the design was saved as standard tessellation software (STL) and 63 sampl...

Strain sensors, especially fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, are of great importance in structural health monitoring, mechanical property analysis, and so on. Their metrological accuracy is typically evaluated by equal strength beams. The traditional strain calibration model using the equal strength beams was built based on an approximation method...

In this Perspective, we summarize the status of technological development for large-area and low-noise substrate-transferred GaAs/AlGaAs (AlGaAs) crystalline coatings for interferometric gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. These topics were originally presented as part of an AlGaAs Workshop held at American University, Washington, DC, from 15 August...

The incident and emitted radiative energy data for the top of the atmosphere (TOA) are essential in climate research. Since East Asia (11–61°N, 80–175°E) is complexly composed of land and ocean, real-time satellite data are used importantly for analyzing the detailed energy budget or climate characteristics of this region. Therefore, in this study,...

With the rapid and continuous development of nanomanufacturing technology, the demands for both large range and high precision metrology of structured surfaces are becoming increasingly urgent. This paper proposes a metrological measurement system based on a commercial atomic force microscope. By using the nano-positioning platform from SIOS, the m...

Mirror-centered, closed-form expressions for hyperbolic surfaces used in X-ray beamlines have been derived. Hyperbolic mirrors create a virtual focus or source point and can be used to lengthen or shorten the effective focal distance of a compound optical system. The derivations here express off-axis segments of a hyperbolic surface in terms of the...

We propose a protocol for preparing spin squeezed states in controllable atomic, molecular, and optical systems, with particular relevance to emerging optical clock platforms compatible with Rydberg interactions. By combining a short-range, soft-core potential with an external drive, we can transform naturally emerging Ising interactions into an XX...

Light-matter interactions that are nonlinear with respect to the photon number reveal the quantum nature of coherent states. We characterize how coherent states depart from Gaussian by the emergence of negative values in their Wigner function during the evolution while maintaining their characteristic Poissonian photon statistics. Such states have...

The paper presents probabilistic aspects of diagnostics of grinding processes with consideration of metrological aspects of evaluation of topography of machined surfaces and selected problems of assessment of machining accuracy. The processes of creating the geometric structure of the ground surface are described. It was pointed out that the distri...

We applied a recently developed method, laser metrology, to characterize the influence of collector rotation on porosity gradients of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) widely investigated for use in tissue engineering. The prior-and post-sintering dimensions of PCL scaffolds were compared to derive quantitative, spatially-resolved porosity 'maps'...

The article describes the use of multi-criteria optimization methods during the calibration of digital multimeters. Currently, calibration is based on a single measurement of a specific value. The aim of this research was to confirm the possibility of using a series of measurements in order to reduce the measurement uncertainty without significantl...

The study described in this paper was conducted in the framework of the European nPSize project (EMPIR program) with the main objective of proposing new reference certified nanomaterials for the market in order to improve the reliability and traceability of nanoparticle size measurements. For this purpose, bimodal populations as well as complexly s...