Methodology - Science method

Faced with increasingly unpredictable, dynamic, and complex threats and adversaries, European defence forces experiment with design thinking as an alternative to more traditional military planning perspectives and methodologies. Reviewing the current state of military design in Europe, this chapter provides an overview of recent design developments...

Faced with increasingly unpredictable, dynamic, and complex threats and adversaries, European defence forces experiment with design thinking as an alternative to more traditional military planning perspectives and methodologies. Reviewing the current state of military design in Europe, this chapter provides an overview of recent design developments...

In this Special Issue, we are interested in the modeling and optimization to sustainable operations management in a broad sense. The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together high-quality contributions in multiple application fields tackling real-world optimization problems where mathematical programming-based methods are used. A particular in...

Conversational agents (CAs) primarily adopt knowledge scaffolding (KS) or emotional scaffolding (ES) to intervene in learners' knowledge gain and emotional experience in online learning. However, the ill-defined design for KS and ES, as well as insufficient understanding of their interactive effects on learning outcomes, have hindered the advanceme...

In the present work, we solve the nonlinear Helmholtz differential equation by means of the Jacobi elliptic functions in the context of the problem of the deflection of light in the gravitational field of the Sun and taking into account the cosmological constant in the Einstein equations. The proposed methodology can be of great help for students a...

In this study, the enhanced hybrid empirical mode decomposition with autoregressive integrated moving average (EMD-ARIMA) method is proposed and applied to forecast daily new COVID-19 reported cases in Jordan. The EMD method is applied to decompose the COVID-19 data into a number of IMFs components as a simple time series. Then, the appropriate ARI...

Composite steel decking concrete slabs are an important structural member in building construction. Research on its thermal behavior should be developed to understand its fire performance. In this paper, a comparison of the temperature distribution in the cross-section of steel decking concrete slabs subjected to fire is made through three differen...

Book has been written with the aim of providing systematic guidelines to practicing structural engineers to implement FEM theory using STAAD.Pro, while solving complex structural engineering problems. Book covers various assumptions, considerations, methodologies, and guidelines for interpretation of results.

Chapter contributions are invited from leading scholars, eminent experts and researchers in the field of Cyrus the Great studies for an exciting new comprehensive series of books "Encyclopedia of Cyrus the Great Studies", to be published in 2023 and the following years. This book will be submitted to Springer for publication. Previous books by the...

This paper presents a review of major recent contributions in the emergent field of ecostylistics. Moreover, this study deals with the issues, roots, and meanings of the field. The main focus is on how and why style is combined with "eco" to become ecostylistics and how language is related to this subject. It also deals with the theoretical and met...

Objective: to evaluate the diverse scientific evidence on the methodologies used by Nursing professionals in the production of educational videos. Method: an integrative review. The search for primary studies was carried out in the CINAHL, LILACS and MEDLINE/PubMed databases. The sample consisted of 19 research studies. The methodological quality o...

To encourage customers to make larger purchases, suppliers frequently offer price discounts. This study presents the construction of EOQ models with price discounts that can occur at reorder points or in between reorder points. The supplier offers the consumer a price discount all at once when they request a special order quantity. Numerical exampl...

User-Centered Design (UCD) has taken great relevance in software development since it allows to know characteristics and particularities of the end users to whom the system is addressed, generating applications with great acceptability. Consequently, many software development methodologies decide to implement this approach, however, it is important...

Process design kits (PDKs) enable the rapid design of photonic integrated circuits with predictable performance. Compact modeling is an important step in developing PDKs. We explain the methodologies developed for creating compact models of some of the key silicon photonic components in AIM Photonics PDK.

Dynamic progressive collapse tests are becoming more and more popular in recent years since this approach captures the real structural behavior more robustly, and progressive collapse response more accurately. The results of dynamic tests are of great importance for defining computational models and improving current codes and guidelines. Even for...

Predictive control can substantially improve the energy performance of buildings during operation, but it requires a model of the building to be implemented. Gray-box model identification starts from a physics-based model (white-box element) and complements it with measurements from the operation of the building (black-box element). The level of de...

Differential marking as applied to direct objects has long been discussed as one of the characterizing traits of many Romance languages. There is, however, wide consensus that a detailed investigation into the nature of this phenomenon raises numerous challenges both at the empirical and theoretical level. Many questions are still being raised rega...

This study conducts an experimental exploration and thorough analysis of the influence of annealing on the impact resistance of PLA 3D-printed components. The investigation extends its scope to encompass the influence of printing parameters, specifically layer thickness and infill percentage. The research highlights that the impact resistance of an...

This book presents the application of the current concept of sustainability to the management of natural resources, such as water, land, minerals and metals using theoretical field knowledge and illustrative real-world examples. Initially, the book defines sustainability, detailing its evolution and how it has been adapted to each of the contexts i...

High-speed rail vehicles are equipped with yaw dampers to avoid the arising of hunting motion when running at high-speed. Although these suspension components provide a stabilizing effect on the vehicles, they also influence the ride comfort performances by affecting the accelerations perceived by the passengers. In this context, this paper aims to...

Objective To explore and critically appraise the evidence supporting the role of estrogen withdrawal in menstrual migraine. Main body Menstrual migraine, impacting about 6% of reproductive-age women, manifests as migraine attacks closely related to the menstrual cycle. The estrogen withdrawal hypothesis posits that the premenstrual drop in estroge...

With the recent extension of application of spatial audio in the entertainment industries, an increasing number of academic institutions are renewing their interest in the subject. However, the plethora of techniques and practices, together with the relative novelty of them, has resulted in a lack of a methodology for teaching these technologies. T...

Artificial intelligence (AI) alignment is an open and important problem within AI, and there is no solution that is able to address this problem fully. To alleviate this situation, in this article, we formally and completely demonstrated the concept of discovering scientific paradigms (SPs) for AI alignment. Primarily, we systematically established...

Relevamiento en instrumentos de evaluacion de poblacion de desarrollo infantil tenmprano en países seleccionados de América Latina

Telework in institutions is based on the paradigm of instrumental rationality. However, the increase in productivity and well-being of the individual can raise categories related to substantive and communicative rationalities. This article will analyze how telework was developed in the Federal Executive Branch from September 2018 to January 2023, w...

This write-up is a selection of 10 peer-reviewed articles from reputable journals that are pertinent to the authors field of study. Each review gives a brief summary of the study's objective and main findings. It critically assesses the statistical methodologies used in the paper with regards to appropriateness of the statistical methods to the res...

The Risk Sharing Mechanism (RSM) program which is a risk mitigation scheme for the early-stage geothermal resources in Türkiye, is implemented as an insurance program. Owing to this program, it is aimed to reveal the geothermal fields in Türkiye potential of which has not been discovered yet. The RSM program funded by the World Bank and the Clean T...

Background: it is necessary to instruct teachers on the structure and development of the instructive methodological class as part of the methodological work. Objective: to design a manual for the preparation of teachers in the development and structure of the instructive methodological class. Methods: a qualitative-quantitative research was carri...

The main objective of the study was to statistically model students attendance to University of Ghana of Ghana hospital. Series was used as methodology in analysing the data. The findings revealed that the students attendance was increasing over the forecast period. Among the recommendations were that, the university management should prepare for i...

Auxetics are a rare class of materials that exhibit a negative Poisson's ratio. The existence of these auxetic materials is rare but has a large number of applications in designing exotic materials. We build a complete machine learning framework to detect Auxetic materials as well as Poisson's ratio of non-auxetic materials. A semi-supervised anoma...

The purpose of this article is to create and calibrate a high-speed rail passenger traffic-based ranking model using historical high-speed rail ridership data from Spain. The existing literature is scarce, and the models used have several main issues, such as arbitrariness, and not representing the real relations of variables. These models are anal...

One of the main objectives facing climate protection targets is how to deal with the existing building stock. Refurbishment measures are essential to ensure sustainable urban transformation. Life cycle assessments (LCAs) enable refurbishment measures to be evaluated holistically at the environmental level. However, there is still no sufficient meth...

The article analyzes the approach to conducting debates in modern logic and epistemology, examining the process of knowledge acquisition in debates, the practical aspects of conducting scientific discussions, especially in formulating and solving scientific problems, based on the analysis of scientific sources.

The article discusses the components of a cloud-oriented environment for flipped learning in higher education institutions. It presents a methodology that utilizes various services and resources available in the university's cloud-oriented environment. The methodology is divided into three stages: preparatory, basic, and integrated. During the prep...

Language and culture are two components that cannot be separated when learning a language; therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the impact of Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA) and Universidad Hispanoamericana (UH)’s English teaching major's cultural courses in 2022 senior students’ interpretation of conversational implicat...

In this paper, a novel global optimization approach in the form of an adaptive hyper-heuristic, namely HyperDE, is proposed. As the naming suggests, the method is based on the Differential Evolution (DE) heuristic, which is a well-established optimization approach inspired by the theory of evolution. Additionally, two other similar approaches are i...

Novel amino-substituted pyridoquinazolinone derivatives have been designed and synthesized as potential c-MYC G-quadruplex (G4) ligands, employing an efficient methodology. All the new compounds exhibited moderate to good antiproliferative activity against the human osteosarcoma U2OS cell line. NMR and docking experiments revealed that the recently...

This text delves into the methodology and considerations that must be taken into account when applying the direct approach to solve SSI problems in reinforced concrete buildings subjected to dynamic wind forces specifically, but it can also be useful for those who wish to do so under other conditions. It is worth noting that it has an eminently pra...

This contribution highlights that conventional social mobility research in the sociological sciences is faced with a severe limitation, as it neglects the importance of intercohort changes in the social origin structure. This is illustrated by the example of OED triangle research, in which compositional changes are only partially recognized as impo...

In emergency scenarios, lane changing can provide a considerable advantage over braking by aiding in the prevention of rear-end collisions. However, executing lane changes on horizontal curves might lead to rollover collisions. This study proposes a systematic methodology for quantifying the rollover safety margin during lane-changing maneuvers by...

BIM has become an intrinsic tool in managing building projects due to its ability to comprehensively represent information in digital form. However, using BIM as an information exchange tool is still in its infancy, particularly with regard to construction progress monitoring beyond time schedule information. The current study focuses on the develo...

The transformation of university teaching towards a competency acquisition approach requires an update of teaching methodologies. In the case of laboratory practices, the application of the Problem-Based Teaching methodology encourages students to apply their knowledge to solve problems based on real situations, as well as efficient communication i...

Social Informatics (SI), in its broadest sense, is an approach for understanding interactions between various societal systems and information-communication technologies. SI is an established and internationally recognized scholarly field, with roots stretching back to the 1970s. However, it is not a conceptually or methodologically coherent field...

Many technological advancements in the modern era have made actual use of electrical power and the constrained operating of power systems within stability limits. Some expeditious load variations and rising power demands initiate complications in voltage stability and can put stress on performance, leading to voltage instability. Voltage Stability...

Reactive power management has grown more crucial for increased synchronization in modern power systems, since transmission loss minimization is a basic condition for secure power system operation. This paper proposes the Oppositional-based Harris Hawk Optimizer technique as an advanced meta-heuristic nature inspired methodology, which is applied on...

The knowledge of genetics, using innovative technologies and methodologies that allow the analysis and comparison of multiple genomes of viruses, vectors and hosts, as a function of time and space is very informative because it allows the understanding of the origin, evolution and geographical dispersion of the disease.

The article presents the concept of ethical management of the educational process as a basis for forming the professional ethics of a personality. The main idea of the concept is to achieve organized and regulated ethical management of the educational system based on the finding or recreation of its value meaning as an imperative necessity for the...

Photovoice has been indicated to have an awareness approach and benefits for its participants, such as empowerment and critical reflection. This method has not gained setbacks being examined its potential exclusively in sex workers.

The spread of a disease, product or idea in a population is often hard to predict. We tend to observe one or few realizations of the contagion process and therefore limited information can be obtained for anticipating future similar events. The stochastic nature of contagion generates unpredictable outcomes throughout the whole course of the dynami...

Initiatives such as the Open Educational Resources (OER) World Map provide a systematic means towards recording activities, documents and individuals related to open education (OE). In this article – which is part of a larger effort to evaluate and extend this World Map – the entries on Brazil and South Africa were critically evaluated in terms of...

Automating discovery in mathematics and science will require sophisticated methods of information extraction and abstract reasoning, including models that can convincingly process relationships between mathematical elements and natural language, to produce problem solutions of real-world value. We analyze mathematical language processing methods ac...

This paper defends an interpretation of Plato, Soph . 259c7–d7, which describes a distinction between genuine and pretender forms of ‘examination’ or ‘refutation’ ( ἔλεγχος ). The passage speaks to a need, throughout the dialogue, to differentiate the truly philosophical method from the merely eristic method. But its contribution has been obscured...

The challenge of securing IT environments has reached a new complexity level as a growing number of organisations adopt cloud solutions. This trend increases the possibility of overseen attack paths in an organisation’s IT infrastructure. This paper proposes a methodology for assessing the security of a Microsoft cloud tenant based on the relations...

In this article we consider the estimation of static parameters for partially observed diffusion process with discrete-time observations over a fixed time interval. In particular, we assume that one must time-discretize the partially observed diffusion process and work with the model with bias and consider maximizing the resulting log-likelihood. U...

The methodology for the complex analysis of biofouling communities (from microalgae to meio- and macrofauna) on the plastic surfaces was represented.

Statistical matching is progressively emerging as a straightforward approach to data integration. This method of increasing importance and interest is useful to address the unsolved challenges posed by data shortage as well as the several opportunities occurring in the present data flood era. This paper offers an exhaustive review of the methodolog...

This article explores the transformative journey of educational technology, tracing its evolution from the traditional chalkboard to the cutting-edge smartboard. The narrative unfolds as technology progressively redefines the landscape of education, offering innovative tools and methodologies. It examines the benefits and challenges of these advanc...

A general methodology for reduced-order modeling of geometrically nonlinear structures is proposed. This approach is built upon equivalent elimination of low-order nonlinear terms by employing a key concept termed ‘passive patterns’, defined to be essential dynamic features of nonlinear structures, produced by, namely slaved to, the active mode via...

在研究的海洋中，有一座坚实的灯塔，指引着研究者的方向，那就是研究哲学（Research Philosophy）。这个看似复杂的概念，其实可以简单地分为四个关键要素：本体论、认知论、方法论、和价值论。无论你是刚踏入研究的大门，还是对研究感兴趣的普通大众，了解这些哲学基础将有助于你更好地理解研究的本质和意义。 In the ocean of research, there is a solid lighthouse guiding the direction of researchers, which is Research Philosophy. This seemingly complex concept can actually be divided into four key eleme...

研究哲学（Research Philosophy）是科学研究的基石，它帮助研究者界定研究的范围、明确研究的目标、选择合适的方法，并考量伦理和价值观。无论你是刚刚踏入研究领域的新手，还是对研究充满好奇的一般大众，了解研究哲学的基本概念对于理解研究的本质和意义都至关重要。在本文中，我们将深入探讨研究哲学的四大要素：本体论、认知论、方法论、和价值论，并详细解释它们在研究中的作用。 Research Philosophy is the foundation of scientific research, as it helps researchers define the scope of their studies, clarify research objectives, select appr...

The aim of this paper is to study the cost efficiency of the Ukrainian banking sector based on the data from banks’ annual reports to the National Bank of Ukraine. This study applied the stochastic frontier methodology to a sample of 233 Ukrainian banks for a six-year period between 2014 and 2019, which showed that the overall mean cost efficiency...

Inspired by Jamie Peck’s recent article on conjunctural methodologies, we discuss how geographers might interpret these troubling times. We hope to keep the conversation going by suggesting that a strength of conjunctural analysis lies in trying to get to grips with multiple crises without always knowing precisely where to look. Another strength of...

The aim of the paper is to shed light on the approaches to determining the level of teacher readiness for mentoring and to identify possible conditions for its improvement using the method of comparative analysis. The paper substantiates the main factors that actualise the need for mentoring in the pedagogical environment. The basic approaches to t...

We use the Clayton and Frank copulas and the exponentiated odd log-logistic family to define a new flexible bivariate model to fit bimodal and asymmetry data. The copulas allow different distributions for the response variable, thus making analysis more suitable. We present some structural properties of the new model and describe a simulation study...

During an ethnographic experience, which took place in a rehabilitation clinic, I had to deal with situations that required me to make a series of adjustments to my role in the clinic, so as to reduce my involvement with both patients and therapists. Although I expected to feel more at ease as the field progressed, instead, I felt as if my presence...

The integration of AI systems in education faces significant challenges in terms of transparency and accountability. Here, we propose a two-step methodology that distinguishes between epistemic and pragmatic applications, involving human experts in the process. We conduct a case study focused on predicting low student achievement, using a large Ita...

This manual provide a framework on the use of Kaleidoscope Model (KM) to analyze policy and institutional constraints and key drivers of agrifood policy change inCWANA. This research is being implemented by a team of researchers from CGIAR research centers ICARDA, IFPRI, and IWMI and in collaboration with international and national partners across...

This study aims to assess the behaviour of women using the Facebook application in Algeria. From the Methodological site, an online survey was executed from 13/05/2023 to 12/08/2022 among 411 respondents. Therefore, the data collected were processed via SPSS V26 software As a result, after using cross-tabulation and the Chi-square test, it has been...

Bu çalışmanın amacı, iktisadi analizde yirminci yüzyılın sonlarına doğru ortaya çıkan yeni yaklaşımlardan olan yeni davranışsal iktisat yaklaşımına metodolojik olarak bir eleştiri sunmak ve bu eleştiri doğrultusunda bu yaklaşımın günümüz iktisadi problemlerinin toplumsal boyutunu ihmal etmesi sebebiyle başarılı bir yaklaşım olmaktan uzak olduğunu s...

Purpose: The primary objective of this study is to assess the market share of cruises in the Adriatic region regarding the total worldwide in 2023. Methodology/Design/Approach: A novel approach has been employed by utilizing two separate databases, one containing information on ships and the other including information on routes. The analysis cente...

This article aims to identify the most effective strategies for enhancing the environmental reliability of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method used in green building classification. This work considers that green building rating systems use different criteria to assess environmental impact, including life cycle assessment. The methods studied in...

Medicaid conducts statistical audits to determine whether providers appropriately billed for Medicaid services. The basis for any claimed liability is an audit based on statistical extrapolation derived from a sample drawn from the totality of claims filed by the provider. Auditor error may be present in nearly every Medicaid audit, yet it is rarel...

Understanding and improving methodologies for evaluating and comparing charities across domains: Collaborative book. Written by students taking an “Advanced Social Psychology” course at University of Hong Kong, as part of CORE Team (2023).

This article presents a detailed aerodynamic investigation on a transport aircraft with a box-wing lifting system. The aerodynamic development of this configuration is presented through the description of the collaborative and multi-fidelity design approach that took place within PARSIFAL, an European project aiming to develop the box-wing configur...

Анализа три основне теоријске и методолошке парадигме објашњења и разумевања узрока кризе 2008. и одговарајућих препоручених стратегија изла- ска из кризе, потврдила је да је у основи идејних неслагања и сукоба између неосмитоваца, неокејнзоваца и неомарксиста, неслагање и сукоб интереса великих друштвених група да очувају, реформишу или укину пост...

This research belongs to more extensive research where autonomy was the focus. In this article, the importance of creative teaching is highlighted, and these teaching methodologies empowered both teachers and learners, in the words of participants

critically evaluated statistical methodologies employed in some published peer-reviewed articles.

ملخص البحث: جاء بحثنا هذا (إسلوب الإحتباك في آيات العبادات دراسة بلاغية) في الكشف عن احدى الاساليب البلاغية التي تعد من أدق تفصيلاتها، ومكنوناتها وتفرده بالحسن والرونق في الكلام وهو اسلوب الاحتباك.ذكر هذا الفن منذ عصور الادب القديمة والبلاغة خاصة، وزيد البحث فيه لانه يزيد الكلام حسنا ورونقا، ويعطي المؤلف مساحة واسعة للتعبير عبر الاهتمام بالمفردة وج...

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relation between real exchange rates (RER) misalignments and export concentration in developing countries. Particularly, we explore the relation between these variables in cases of episodes of profound over and undervaluation. The methodology is based on a dynamic model (2S-SGMM estimator) where the conce...

This paper is the subsequent chapter in a series that systematically addresses the real-world challenges of constructing an arbitrary-precision arithmetic toolkit. This installment specifically targets the algorithms and methodologies for calculating factorials, as well as falling and rising factorials, and binomial coefficients. Often categorized...

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT)-connected devices have obtained a growing interest in both research and practice. Despite the success of these devices, prior literature shows the existence of barriers limiting their mass diffusion. One of the major challenges is about how to integrate smart connected objects in consumers’ daily routin...

El mejoramiento de la productividad de las empresas es la principal preocupación de las industrias a nivel general, empresas manufactureras en donde la coherencia entre máquinas, equipos y personal deben funcionar sinérgicamente para mantener estándares de calidad y eficiencia en el trabajo, el objetivo de éste documento es el difundir la aplicació...