Mental Processes - Science topic

La formación universitaria debe propender por el desarrollo de competencias para la integralidad de los futuros profesionales, en donde la Resolución de Problemas es relevante para solucionar asertivamente los retos que la sociedad impone. El objetivo de éste trabajo es analizar la estrategia que los estudiantes, en diferentes estadios universitari...

What is the meaning of life? What is the nature of the human mind, love, morality? All of these questions tend to be answered and explained in "natural science" terms. Life arose out of inanimate nature by random physical and chemical factors and one should hardly look for any sense in it; man is the product of natural selection and reason, love an...

This monograph discusses the philosophical and neurobiological aspects of the relationship between mental processes and brain activity. Reductionism, which postulates principal reduction of mental processes to processes in the brain, is the dominant worldview among neuroscientists. Existing empirical evidence and the most influential scientific the...

The fuzzy nature of categories of psychopathology, such as autism, leads to significant research challenges. Alternatively, focusing research on the study of a common set of important and well-defined psychological constructs across psychiatric conditions may make the fundamental etiological processes of psychopathology easier to discern and treat...

The formal diversity in designs is achieved by creating shapes and lines with a distinct movement pattern, which are preceded by mental processes. The greatest source of diversity in design in general and industrial design in particular is the creation of multiple directions for the completion of designs and the diversification of intellectual prop...

CONTRIBUTIONS OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND THE MULTISENSORY APPROACH TO SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AT SCHOOL STAGE Cognitive neuroscience is opening new horizons to the research of the relationships established between mental processes and brain functioning in learning situations. Within this context, the purpose of this article is to present a...

This study is concerned with transitivity analysis of selected English-written HND research project abstracts in public administration discipline. The aims of this research are to study the kinds of transitivity processes that are used by the students in their research project abstracts; how the processes are realised by the students in their resea...

Over the past twenty years research interest has been focused on deepening the role of parental mentalizing. Nevertheless, few studies have specifically addressed the role played by fathers' mentalizing. This systematic review aims to bridge this gap by offering an exploration of paternal mentalizing within attachment theory considering three diffe...

Descrizione e contenuto del libro (italiano) Cos'è la psicologia scientifica? Quali sono i requisiti del metodo scientifico? Che materie psicologiche si insegnano all'università? Che cosa può fare uno psicologo? Ha senso osservare il comportamento per capire i processi mentali? La psicanalisi ha validità scientifica? Il cervello spiega il comporta...

Synchrony has been used to describe simple beat entrainment as well as correlated mental processes between people, leading some to question whether the term conflates distinct phenomena. Here we ask whether simple synchrony (beat entrainment) predicts more complex attentional synchrony, consistent with a common mechanism. While eye-tracked, partici...

(1) Background: L-tryptophan is a substrate for the synthesis of many biological compounds through the serotonin and kynurenine pathways. These compounds have a significant influence on gastrointestinal functions and mental processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the urinary excretion of selected tryptophan metabolites in patients with cons...

Advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) and deep-learning guided protein structure prediction have expedited structural studies of protein complexes. However, methods for accurately determining ligand conformations are lacking. In this manuscript, we develop EMERALD, a tool for automatically determining ligand structures guided by medium-reso...

Psychology of time is one of the broadest branches of general psychology. The perception of time on different scales can be found in many branches of science, but not enough attention is paid to its study, despite the fact that there are already many methods of psychological correction based on the perception of time. This article aims to draw the...

Cognition is defined as mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience and senses. It is an age-related degenerative condition, as the age advances, individuals experience dete-riorative changes in their cognitive abilities. It is estimated that nearly four fifth of the elderly above 60 years of age will be livi...

The article reveals the content of the category "inner world of the personality", which, due to its pronounced allegoricalness, allows in an understandable form to present the complex phenomenon of the subject's mental existence, to describe the phenomenology of the functioning of his psyche. In this regard, the expediency of using the concepts of...

Thinking through reflection from the position of ontology has a long tradition (Medieval scholastics, I. Kant, G. Hegel) and in the future this line continues in psychology and philosophy. Returning to the understanding of the features and essence of the intentionality of mental processes and internalization, we come to the concept of "boundary", w...

Cada persona tiene características y actitudes representativas, lo que nos hace distintos a todos, como lo es la forma de pensar, expresarse, actuar, todo este conjunto forma la esencia de cada ser. Desde la psicología, la cual tiene como objetivo el estudio de lo que es el ser humano, sus procesos mentales, percepciones, sensaciones y comportamien...

The time for hesitation and half measures has already gone. Acceleration of historical time shall shorten decisively the duration of the war and benefit even Russia in realizing the strategic deadlock and inevitable failure of its invasion and contain its own human losses. The point of no return has already been crossed for the Western states with...

Research in dance psychology and mental health is rapidly growing. Yet, evidence in the field can seem dispersed due to few existing meta overviews that outline research in dance related to mental health. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to present an overview of the state of the art and to strengthen future dance research by gathering...

Dual-process theorists posit that human thinking involves two kinds of mental processing: System 1 (an intuitive process), which is generally reliable but can lead to fallacies and biases, and System 2 (a reflective process), which can, at its best, allow human reasoning to follow normative rules. One of the most significant problems with the dual-...

For a long time, experimental moral philosophers have been interested in mental processes underlying decisions to harm. Psychological mechanisms behind decisions to help received far less attention. This paper makes use of psychological research on identifiability effect to assess how justified different kinds of helping decisions are. The effect c...

Hintergrund und Zielstellung Die psychosomatische Rehabilitation stellt eine zentrale Behandlungssäule für Menschen mit psychischen Belastungen und psychiatrischen Störungen dar. Trotz der guten Datenlagen zur Wirksamkeit psychotherapeutischer und psychiatrischer Behandlungen ist die Frage nach spezifischen Wirkfaktoren nicht vollständig beantworte...

Introducción. La metacognición comprende tanto la cualidad de ser consciente de los propios procesos mentales como la de regularlos. Seguidamente se abordarán algunas interacciones entre las capacidades metacognitivas y de mentalización, sus presuntas bases neuroanatómicas, así como sus correlatos psico-neuro-patológicos. Material y método. Sin pre...

How do humans learn language, and can the first language be learned at all? These fundamental questions are still hotly debated. In contemporary linguistics, there are two major schools of thought that give completely opposite answers. According to Chomsky's theory of universal grammar, language cannot be learned because children are not exposed to...

Introduction Freud proposed that names of clinically salient objects or situations, such as for example a beetle ( Käfer ) in Mr. E’s panic attack, refer through their phonological word form, and not through their meaning, to etiologically important events—here, “ Que faire? ” which summarizes the indecisiveness of Mr. E’s mother concerning her mar...

Much research finds that lying takes longer than truth-telling. Yet, the source of this response time difference remains elusive. Here, we assessed the spatiotemporal evolution of electrical brain activity during honesty and dishonesty in 150 participants using a sophisticated electrical neuroimaging approach-the microstate approach. This uniquely...

Purpose of Review Diabetes is a chronic condition that requires consistent self-management for optimal health outcomes. People with diabetes are prone to burnout, cognitive burden, and sub-optimal performance of self-management tasks. Interventions that focus on habit formation have the potential to increase engagement by facilitating automaticity...

Computational psychiatry recently established itself as a new tool in the study of mental disorders and problems. Integration of different levels of analysis is creating computational phenotypes with clinical and research values, and constructing a way to arrive at precision psychiatry are part of this new branch. It conceptualizes the brain as a c...

To address questions about the dependence of human memory on the contingent context in which events occur, the author review research on contingent context-dependent memory in humans. The relationship between the context in which an item is stored and retrieved has a significant impact on a person's ability to recognize the item. The theoretical ap...

Exogenous orienting of attention can affect the mental processing of time, suggesting the existence of a spatial representation for temporal durations, with shorter and longer durations represented on the left and on the right of a mental timeline, respectively. In this study, we investigated the effects of voluntary shifts of attention on the perc...

Background. Speech and cognitive disorders of vascular genesis account for a significant percentage of the existing consequences of local disorders of cerebral circulation. Approximately 2140% of stroke patients suffer from persistent aphasia, which gradually worsens the quality of life and rehabilitation results. Aim. Improving the quality of neu...

R e s u m o O Design Universal apresenta-se como uma abordagem em potencial para maior inclusão e empatia no design, principalmente por basear-se na consi-deração de necessidades, dificuldades e particularidades dos mais variados usuários. Para isso, a inserção dos usuários faz-se necessária desde a etapa de problematização dos projetos, assim como...

Chunks are multiword sequences with independent meaning and function, or formulaic based on the intuition of native speakers, hypothesized to be holistically restored and retrieved in the mental lexicon. Previous studies suggest that pauses and intonational boundaries tend to occur at the boundaries of chunks, but less discussion was made on the in...

All brain processes that generate behaviour, apart from reflexes, operate with information that is in an “activated” state. This activated information, which is known as working memory (WM), is generated by the effect of attentional processes on incoming information or information previously stored in short-term or long-term memory (STM or LTM). In...

This scoping review provides an overview of standardized instruments used to measure teacher noticing. A systematic literature search identified 37 publications in English-language peer-reviewed journals describing 22 different test instruments. Regarding the underlying conceptualization of noticing, instruments commonly distinguish mental processe...

While a plethora of scholars have explored a growing body of research on women’s involvement in Jihad, there is still a paucity of studies addressing it using the hybridity of transitivity analysis and critical discourse analysis. The present study examined a testament left by an Indonesian woman involved in what she fallaciously called ‘Jihad’. To...

Considering the complexity of knowledge that lies between science and art but also that of self - knowledge and human creation, with a direct impact which is music, the main role is taken by the teacher. This one has to have a clear vision of how he teach each student starting with picking up the violin, from the earliest possible age, to the conce...

Stative verbs are often used to refer to a type of state rather than an action. Essentially, these verbs are manipulated to reflect views, sentiments, relations, senses, conditions of being, and dimensions. Yet, they do not typically come in the progressive aspect though they may undertake temporal expressions such as at the moment, now. This is pe...

Ausgehend von den Verkörperungstheorien, einer aktuellen Theorieströmung, die die konstitutive Rolle des Körpers für sämtliche mentale Prozesse hervorhebt, wird im Beitrag zunächst die Theorie einer ‹Verkörperten Bildung› konturiert. Diese schliesst an grundlegende Konzepte aus Medienbildung, pädagogischer Phänomenologie und ästhetischer Bildungsth...

Practicum is considered an extended internship in schools that future teachers carry out in their training to learn how to teach in educational centres. Their actions are supervised by professional teachers at school and professors from their university. One of the aims of these internships is that students from university education centres relate...

Warning sign plays an important role in risk avoidance. Many studies have found that images are better warnings than text, while others have revealed flaws of image-only warning signs. To better understand the factors underlying the effectiveness of different types of warning signs (image only, text only, or image and text), this study adopted even...

While sustainability is at the centre of many government agendas, there is a great risk of entrusting strategic decisions to those lacking in sustainability expertise. It is therefore necessary to ensure that universities are the green engines of sustainable communities. The present study administered a questionnaire to students enrolled in a Manag...

We propose a novel methodology for general multi-class classification in arbitrary feature spaces, which results in a potentially well-calibrated classifier. Calibrated classifiers are important in many applications because, in addition to the prediction of mere class labels, they also yield a confidence level for each of their predictions. In esse...

Einstein αντιθέτως, η ροή του χρόνου εξαρτάται από την κίνηση του παρατηρητή, ενώ στην Γενική Σχετικότητα δεσπόζει ο ρόλος της βαρύτητας. Λέξεις κλειδιά: νυν, χρονική ροή, παρατηρητής, Νεύτων, Ειδική Σχετικότητα, Γενική Σχετικότητα ARISTOTLE vs EINSTEIN ON ΤΗΕ NOTION OF TIME Konstantinos Kalachanis Abstract Aristotle's conception of time is based o...

Cognitive failures at the information acquiring (safety training), comprehension, or application stages led to near-miss or accidents on-site. The previous studies rarely considered the cognitive processes of two different kinds of construction safety training. Cognitive processes are a series of chemical and electrical brain impulses that allow yo...

Executive Functions (EF) is an umbrella term for a set of mental processes geared towards goal-directed behavior supporting academic skills such as reading abilities. One of the brain’s functional networks implicated in EF is the Default Mode Network (DMN). The current study uses measures of inhibitory control, a main sub-function of EF, to create...

In complex visuomotor tasks, such as cooking, people make many saccades to continuously search for items before and during reaching movements. These tasks require cognitive resources, such as short-term memory and task-switching. Cognitive load may impact limb motor performance by increasing demands on mental processes, but mechanisms remain unclea...

People in the life sciences who work with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are under increased pressure to develop algorithms faster than ever. The possibility of revealing innovative insights and speeding breakthroughs lies in using large datasets integrated on several levels. However, even if there is more data at our dispos...

Reason and experience are the generally accepted means to gain reliable knowledge. Objective principles of the scientific method that applies these means are first summarized. Then, its successes are briefly overviewed, as well as limitations revealed by its successes. For example, the principle of subject/object independence core to the scientific...

Perception is our primary means of accessing the external world. What is the nature of this core mental process? Although this question is at the center of scientific research on perception, it has also long been explored by philosophers, who ask fundamental questions about our capacity to perceive: Do our different senses represent the world in co...

This study will examine the genre analysis of the contents of Hamid's letter to Zainab contained in the novel "Di bawah Lindungan Ka’bah" by Buya Hamka. The subject of this research is Hamid's letters. The object of research is genre. The data obtained is the documentation of their letters contained in the novel. The method used to analyze the data...

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by both abnormal time perception and atypical relationships with external factors. Here we compare the influence of external photic stimulation on time production between healthy subjects (n = 24) and patients with schizophrenia (n = 22). To delve into neuropsychological mechanisms of such a relation...

In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelic substances such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). This renaissance of psychedelic studies opens the door for a new paradigm in psychiatric medicinedrug-facilitated psychotherapy. In this study we report the findings of a randomized, double...

Compassion-Focused Therapy is an integrative therapeutic model with a wealth of evidence behind its efficacy. Its accessibility leads it to be a helpful therapeutic modality for the intellectual disability population. Its ability to aid the understanding of the person, us as clinicians, and the wider context around us give a depth of understanding...

Intensive care medicine is complex and resource-demanding. A critical and common challenge lies in inferring the underlying physiological state of a patient from partially observed data. Specifically for the cardiovascular system, clinicians use observables such as heart rate, arterial and venous blood pressures, as well as findings from the physic...

Introduction. The multidimensional concept of mindfulness includes voluntary attention, focus on the "present moment", monitoring of mental processes, and inhibition of impulsive reactions. Examining the impact of the level of mindfulness on the quality of the relationship between the special educator and the student requires an instrument with sat...

For optimal performance in soccer, high-level technical, tactical, and physical competencies are required, but they are not enough. Research shows that successful athletes apply psychological skills for high performance and need the presence of psychological aspects in sports. In this context, in addition to physical characteristics in soccer, psyc...

The Feelings of Knowing - Fundamental Interoceptive Patterns (FoK-FIP) is a transdisciplinary theory developed to explain elusive phenomena suspected to exist that do not easily lend themselves to empirical measurement. The FoK-FIP theory posits that specialized self-generated biomagnetism and “pure mental” process share similarities with the hypot...

In this article, I would like to take a closer look at the philosophical meaning of the term “process,” which is a fundamental category in Arnold Mindell’s psychology. The Taoist origins of this concept go back to the Tao – the principle of the universe. Tao is the process of passing into each other the opposite aspects of the monastically understo...

For optimal performance in soccer, high-level technical, tactical, and physical competencies are required, but they are not enough. Research shows that successful athletes apply psychological skills for high performance and need the presence of psychological aspects in sports. In this context, in addition to physical characteristics in soccer, psyc...

The paper attempts to investigate the constructivist approach to the social world and its implications for social forecasting. Social forecasting is mainly based on the idea that a human is "determined ontologically". Using the methodology of the natural sciences, most predictions and forecasts fail to encompass all the multiplicity and variability...

This study sought to observe the therapeutic relationship experience of art therapists working with children on the autistic spectrum through a psychodynamic paradigm, in light of the unique role of art in the therapeutic dynamics. The study examined how art influenced therapists’ experience, their ability to cope with the complexity of the autisti...

In this research, it is defined that in the world scientific linguistic literature until this time the main concept is “language processes are connected with thinking, mentality processes” and it is proved that a language of fiction should be considered from the point of national character that transmits by words. Through the scientific views and o...

Increasing evidence from neuroimaging and clinical studies has demonstrated cerebellar involvement in social cognition components, including the mentalizing process. The aim of this study was to apply transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to modulate cerebellar excitability to investigate the role the cerebellum plays in mental state recog...

Current cognitive architectures are either working at the abstract, symbolic level, or the low, emergent level related to neural modeling. The best way to understand phenomena is to see, or imagine them, hence the need for a geometric model of mental processes. Geometric models should be based on an intermediate level of modeling that describe ment...

En este documento presentamos el resultado de una investigación documental que permitió la contextualización cognitiva de la interactividad soportada en la teoría de la actividad como una perspectiva holística de la actividad humana.Contextualizar cognitivamente la interactividad busca brindar fundamentos de diseño de Objetos Interventivos de Apren...

Esta pesquisa está alicerçada aos estudos de neurociências cognitivas e neuromatemática com base em, principalmente, 4 autores: Dreyfus (1991); Harel e Sowder (2005); Leikin et al (2014); Alvarenga (2020). Para a coleta de dados, foram examinadas, em 2021, provas aplicadas no 1º ano do ensino médio cujo intuito era revisar o conteúdo do ano anterio...

Background. The translation process is to be considered not merely as a cross- language, but as a cross-cultural interaction as well, since two language systems and two cultures operate simultaneously. The translator’s mission is to adequately transfer the source code of information into the translation language and adapt the national and cultural...

Background. Currently, there are two main areas of study of the impact of a new coronavirus infection on mental processes: the first is in connection with the regime of self-isolation and restrictions in a pandemic; the second – with the impact of the pathological process itself and the post-covid syndrome on the central nervous system. The results...

Background: Childhood interspecific relationships can be viewed as a mirror of the person’s capacity to interact with other living beings. The interspecific relationship can involve different attachment styles, affect regulation skills, transitional object dynamics, and self-awareness and mentalization processes. Yet interspecific relationships can...

Resumen El objetivo de este reporte breve es el de describir la influencia de la neuroquímica y los aportes de la neurociencia en la dinámica de los procesos cognitivos y la producción del conocimiento. Fueron explorados aspectos referentes a las áreas del cerebro involucradas en estos procesos, la neuroquímica y las vías vinculadas, el proceso pro...

Background Problem‐solving competences have evolved into key skills for professionals. Computer‐based business simulations enable the analysis of problem‐solving processes beyond end results. An important aspect of successful problem‐solving is to systematically use built‐in tools and process the provided information efficiently. Objectives This i...

This study aims to determine the effect of using discovery learning models on improving the cognitive aspects of students. Discovery learning model emphasizes mental processes where students can assimilate a concept or principle with the result that discovery learning model can make students more active, think critically and develop creativity and...

Recent developments in neuroscience and artificial intelligence have allowed machines to decode mental processes with growing accuracy. Neuroethicists have speculated that perfecting these technologies may result in reactions ranging from an invasion of privacy to an increase in self-understanding. Yet, evaluating these predictions is difficult giv...

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender a relação entre a História, a história das mulheres e as dissertações e teses produzidas pelo Núcleo de História e Memória da Educação, vinculado à Universidade Federal do Ceará. O estudo analisa a compatibilidade das produções acadêmicas com a Escola dos Annales e suas propostas vinculadas aos processos mentai...

Mental processes that facilitate goal-directed behavior can be negatively affected by age-related biological and physiological changes. Such cognitive changes impact daily activities like driving and using the computer, which can in turn influence social relationships and capacity to work. Previous research has shown that older adults are more affe...

From smoothly pursuing moving objects to rapidly shifting gazes during visual search, humans employ a wide variety of eye movement strategies in different contexts. While eye movements provide a rich window into mental processes, building generative models of eye movements is notoriously difficult, and to date the computational objectives guiding e...

A matemática está presente em vários contextos da criança, por isso, a compreensão dos seus conceitos e relações com o cotidiano necessita ser desenvolvida desde os Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Este estudo objetiva analisar as contribuições das produções acadêmicas para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da matemática nos Anos Iniciais do...

Este artigo apresenta como tema principal a teoria semântica de Frege para sentenças da linguagem natural e dos processos mentais associados à sua significação. Frege se fundamenta na análise da linguagem para distinguir na mente humana os elementos lógicos de outros de aspectos psicológico. Portanto, nossa investigação visa apresentar nos escritos...

Conclusion This presentation outlines an initial screening test which can lead to a broad evaluation of brain function with biological, psychological, and social components. MemTrax and CogniFit are effective for screening and longitudinal assessment of cognitive function for clinical and research purposes. Cognitive and functional impairment are s...

Whenever people think about something or engage in activities, internal mental processes will be engaged. These processes consist of sensory representations, such as visual, auditory, and kinesthetic, which are constantly being used, and they can have an impact on a person’s performance. Each person has a preferred representational system they use...

In wines, minerality is a complex concept with increasing popularity in scientific research and the wine press. The flavour conceptual space of mineral wines comprises sulphur-reduced aromas, such as flint, wet stone or chalk associated with freshness and lingering mouth perceptions. Professionals do not consider the perception of sulphur-reduced f...

Resumo: No trabalho é apresentado uma discussão sobre como ocorre a formação e desenvolvimento de conceitos em dois contextos, o cotidiano, que chamamos de selva, e na escola, no processo que chamamos de domesticação dos conceitos. A partir de uma perspectiva vygotskiana, descrevemos a diferença nos processos mentais dos sujeitos em atividade de ap...

This article explores the psychology that motivates Yang Jung-Ung and his actors in the process of translating Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream into a Korean style. By focusing on the ways of showing the theme of the play in modern styles fused with traditional modes of theatrical practice, the director attempts to develop his own ways of ex...

The present paper addresses the evaluation of the cognitive dimension of translation considering the six phases proposed by Wilss (1996) in the decision-making process. Its importance springs from the fact that it is pivotal to view translation as a cognitive activity rather than a mere linguistic process and evaluate it by carrying out cognitive a...

This paper tackles the role of social-media in performing biopolitical incursions into the so-called "immunization" process that harmed communities and collateral victims of the Russian-Ukrainian war deal with, in overcoming abusive actions policies applied by aggressors. My argument is that within the era of post-truth, social-media transgresses a...

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of physical activity in physical education classes on the thinking indicators of schoolchildren. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a secondary school number 60 in Kirov (Russia), attended by ninth graders aged 15-16 years (141 schoolchildren). The main method of re...

This exploratory project directly challenges the “black-box” approach to psyche that typically dominates religious history by explicitly employing a cultural‒historical psychological analysis. It does this by contextualizing Japan in a wider global perspective by applying the theories of Julian Jaynes. First, conceptual obstacles that hinder a cult...