Marine Ecology - Science topic

The vast swathes of kelp forest growing along the world’s coastlines are estimated to generate US$500 billion a year. They provide a habitat for valuable fish and seafood species and remove nitrogen from seawater. Each type of kelp forest generates up to $147,100 per hectare annually, a figure that’s more than three times higher than previous estimates...

Piñeiro-Corbeira says the findings could provide a push for kelp forests to be included more prominently in climate-change policies and could also encourage better ways of managing and conserving them. But she adds that because the study focuses on only three ecosystem services, it could still underestimate the value of kelp forests...

Sebastian Enrique Cornejo Guzmán AI is becoming an increasingly significant tool in oceanography because of its ability to handle and analyze vast volumes of data rapidly and efficiently. It is crucial to highlight, however, that the application of AI in oceanography may result in research inequities, since certain subfields may have more resources and skills to deploy AI-based methodologies than others. Furthermore, it is critical to be open about the limitations of AI in each sector and to utilize the technology with caution, ensuring that the findings are accurate and dependable.

There are several papers that explore the application of AI in oceanography, some of which are as follows:

These papers can give more thorough information on the application of AI in oceanography, including possible advantages and problems.

Thanks Antonio. These flakes probably date to around 1930 or a little earlier. They occur immediately above a charcoal layer (although we can't find any historical records for a fire at this time). Sedimentation rates probably between 1-2mm/year.

Tam Quyet Nguyen Very good picture. May I know the source of it? Thanks.

It's too late, but I will be interested

Dear Bin Xie . See the following useful RG links:

You can have a look at this -------

Sounding the Call for a Global Library of Underwater ...

https://www.frontiersin.org › fevo.2022.810156 › full

08-Feb-2022

Sustainable large‐scale production of European flat oyster ...

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com › doi › full › raq

by B Colsoul · 2021

Also see the following RG link.

Dear Prabhat Ranjan,

Yes, the process of global warming is causing disturbing environmental changes also in the Arctic zone.

Thank you very much,

Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Pierre Cresson , great paper, I downloaded it early today and then came looking for more info on the conversion subject, and found the author himself :D Thank you!

Hello Jahangir; You will want to see this paper.

Riddell, et al. 2021. Exposure to climate change drives stability or collapse of desert mammal and bird communities. Science 371(6529); 553, 633-635.

It makes comparisons over a 100 year span of time in the Mojave Desert in California. Thermoregulation!

Best regards, Jim Des Lauriers

Yes, it should definitely be dried, and that is why proteins (a source of nitrogen) have a high capacity to absorb water and store it in the tissues. Therefore, the final results of calculating the nitrogen percentage will be definitely affected.

Dear Asiel,

The seven principles are 1) maintain diversity and redundancy, 2) manage connectivity, 3) manage slow variables and feedbacks, 4) foster complex adaptive systems thinking, 5) encourage learning, 6) broaden participation, and 7) promote polycentric governance systems.

Profitable how? Just example

1. The Environmental Profit & Loss (EP&L) methodology, a pioneering corporate natural capital accounting methodology is helpful to enrich profit margin of ecology. The same time, Environment & Non-Profit by on Theme Forest to save is profitable to the world.

2. Optimized rainfall.

3. Managing sunlight, plants and time

4. Producing profits from plants and animals

5. Producing time for recreation

6. Producing habitat for flora and fauna

7. Managing for complex perennial grassy woodlands

8. Managing for complex perennial grassy woodlands

Ashish

Go to Google scholar and type " free publishing journals on marine sciences"

yes, it is, because it is very good for health.

Ohad, check this one:

you can go attached paper.

Please also see the following RG links.

For microscopy, we should not forget that determination of refractive indices (RI) can be quite useful and fairly quick. For example, if you use a liquid of RI 1.527, Or grains would have lower RI in any orientation, whereas Qtz and Pl grains would have highern RIs. Carbontes should not pose any problem because of their high interference colour. But the procedure is tedious and gone unpopular.

Levan Mumladze try this one http://chng.it/4KMsV5KbSw or

I studied the fluxes between sediment and water in heavy metal in very polluted river sediments. Redox conditions and dissolved organic matter have a very important role

Follow

Hi Scott, Antje Bierschenk assessed cellulose breakdown across a freshwater-marine continuum in 10 New Zealand catchments using two different cotton material types. Her work is published: "Bierschenk, A. M., C. Savage, C. R. Townsend, and C. D. Matthaei. 2012. Intensity of land use in the catchment influences ecosystem functioning along a freshwater‐marine continuum. Ecosystems15: 637–651."

Hi Joseph, I'm not sure if this is quite what is meant by Brian McGill. I will review the article again but I felt that his comments were concerned with

So from your description of your data and the factors:

It really does come down to your understanding of the ecosystems in which you sampled, and the variable you have collected. Investigating the independence of the factor you have collected prior to any construction of models or multivariate analyses is important. If they are independent, the assumption is that they are not confounding (or "blocking") factors and relationships between them can be compared as causal (or not, as the case may be).

From my point of view, I do not think you have done anything untoward in relation to considering all factors as random in the original PERMANOVA analysis. You could play with the Growth and State factors. However, I would suggest that you consider Bayesian analyses to determine the "degree of belief in an event" because (taken straight from Wikipedia but I've never seen expressed more clearly).

Dear thank you very much for your link!

I have also found a direct link for what I was looking for!

Thanks again!

Regards

O Oceanario de Lisboa pode te trazer boas contribuições em Educação para a conservação marinha.

Dear Dr Deepak Samuel Vijay Kumar,

This slug looks like Armina variolosa (Bergh, 1904).

Regards

Ravinesh @ Deepak Samuel Vijay Kumar

I prepare my own Lugol,s iodine dissolution ( concentrate):

ACID ONE: 100g KI 50g I2 1in 1l distilled water + 100g glacial acetic for samples with pH<7 (Willen, 1962)

BASIC ONE: 100g KI 50g I2 1in 1l distilled water + 100g CH3COO-Na for samples with pH>=7 (Utermöhl 1958)

i add 0,5-1 ml Lugol /100ml sample

best regards

Dear Xavier,

I also recommend this reading:

Body morphometrics, swimming diversity and niche in demersal sharks: a comparative case study from the Mediterranean Sea March 2010 Scientia Marina 74(1):37-53 DOI: 10.3989/scimar.2010.74n1037 LicenseCC BY 4.0

Considering the rapid rise of interest in blue carbon as a climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, we argue that calcium carbonate cycling needs to be included when assessing the importance of these globally significant carbon stores as CO2 sinks. Addressing calcium carbonate cycling in blue carbon accounting is timely given that anthropogenic activities and climate change may alter calcium carbonate cycling within coastal ecosystems with unknown feedbacks for climate change. For example, with increasing atmospheric CO2 and ocean acidification, the ratio of released CO2 to precipitated calcium carbonate is expected to rise (Frankingnoulle et al. 1995). Yet increased calcium carbonate dissolution , and decreased calcification rates are also coupled to higher atmospheric CO2, with both processes lowering the rate of CO2 fluxed to the atmosphere. Moreover, partial dissolution of the large calcium carbonate stock deposited in blue carbon ecosystems may provide a buffer to ocean acidification while acting as a CO2 sink. Clearly accounting for calcium carbonates in blue carbon systems is a tricky business.

To Dr. Schembri

We are looking into similar gelatinous spheres from the Norwegian coast, and are very interested in getting in contact With the observer. Could you please give me her/ his name and e-mail adress as soon as possible?

Kind regards, Halldis Ringvold

Hi Alessandro

Similar mix of species to what we have in the Mexican Pacific... We tagged a few M. tarapacana in Brazil and we are writing a paper about that. For those (up to 3 m DW) I see no issue with the 31 mm darts. But for the 1.5 m animals and smaller I would go with the 20 mm darts.

Good luck

Ramón

Check out the GlobColour project, which started in 2005 as an ESA Data User Element (DUE) project to provide a continuous data set of merged L3 Ocean Colour products. Through their website (http://hermes.acri.fr/index.php) you can access datasets dating back to 1997 and have re-processed, integrated and tested multiple freely available datasets. Depending on your time-series requirements, you may go for more reliable/accurate based on more recent/modern (individually or merged) sensors.

Hi Meredith,

Constrained ordination with only one explanatory variable is not the best choice. Yes, you can do it, and there is nothing wrong about it; however, as the main purpose of ordination in general is to reduce dimensionality, in this case you only get one ordination axis (despite the fact that you have several species) and thus you only can assess the gradient in one dimension. The alternative (and not sure how great it is) to 'force' the analysis to by converting your one continuous variable into a categorical variable. Of course, you'd need to have a good and sound rationale to assign categories to it (e.g., natural breaks or something alike). Alternatively, you can double-check if your two other variables are correlated (i.e., colinear) with the one you are interested in, and if not, you can still use them in the analysis. Whether they are significant or not in the model is another story...

Dear Moumita, as you know some marine harp. cop’s. are planktonic. So, for them there is no choice like to develop in plankton. Anyway in freshwater some copepods (cyclopoids) had been found in bottom conditions in wintering (look publ. of Natalia Kovalchuk in hydrobiological J. - in RG! But if I understand well we’re speaking about freshwater benthos! Thus, being involved about 40 years with alive samples of different habitats both fresh and brackish waters I'm absolutely sure that naup. & copep. of h. in freshwaters are mainly inhabited the same biotope as adult that is benthos, periphytos (if fast flow of stream) or submerged in case of lenthic basins! This provide much better survivance of youth as protect them against raptor cyclops!

Andrey

Hi Marina,

Check this : Marine Pollution Bulletin (2018). Low prevalence of microplastic contamination in planktivorous fish species from the southeast Pacific Ocean.

download in goo.gl/AVseJH .

Best

First Image Rhopilema sp, second and third are Cyanea sp.

NOAA's instructions for microplastic.

Hi.

Do you have some publication about this eggs?

Dear

You can read this paper so.

Hope this PDF is useful

Dear Bin,

Please have a look at these useful PDF attachments.

Good luck

Thanks

Thank you all for your answers. I will check the books that you have mentioned in your messages.

Hello, your question is very general, the problems in the use of isotopes will depend on the type of isotope you are using. I recommend that you read this book that will help you answer all your questions.

Hobson, K. A., & Wassenaar, L. I. (2008). Tracking animal migration with stable isotopes (Vol. 2). Academic Press.

Viljoen, G. J., Luckins, A. G., & Naletoski, I. (2016). Stable Isotopes to Trace Migratory Birds and to Identify Harmful Diseases: An Introductory Guide. Springer.

I send it to you in attached

Hi Pieter

The bioturbative effects of the shore crab Carcinus maenas are limited, since many live in hard-substratum environments. But indeed, in sandy areas it shows either locomotion (small footprint but many legs!) or temporary burrowing activity. Burrowing may be either for finding food with chaelae or for hiding. In sandy areas, the shore crab may temporary hide in the sediment completely by digging in backwards. It does not dig deep as it keeps contact with the sediment surface.

This being said, following Kristensen et al. (2012), I would consider the shore crab an 'epifaunal biodiffusor'. C. maenas is not well adapted for living in and moving through the sediment like the examples mentioned for 'surficial biodiffusors' (e.g. burrowing sea urchins). Also following Kristensen et al. (2012) it cannot be considered a 'regenerator' as does not maintain burrows continuously.

I think to fully answer this question one would need to analyse why most western people would give marine mammals higher ethical importance than fish like tuna. Such socio-cultural construction is surely very complex. Who would eat "flipper" or his bigger brothers and sisters, the whales. To search for economic explanations is important, but it finds it limitations as whale meat is also costly, not necessarily in Europe, but Japan for example.

In the Solomon Islands every year thousands of dolphins are killed, which causes much outcries, but such outcry would never happen, when the same fate would meet fishes……, no matter how threatened….. The example of the Solomon Islands might suggest that the difference between fish and mammal is not only a European aspect.

The socio-cultural construction of what should be consumed from the ocean and what not has become the basis of strong protection efforts (e.g. Greenpeace, consumer societies which introduced the dolphin friendly tuna label). In some cases, e.g. the protection of most of the whales from getting extinct, has ecological reasons, but do we condole the extinction of the dinosaurs for example. While I speak in favour of protecting bio-diversity it is still worth reflecting, what ethical principles are behind such calls and how these ethical principles are socially constructed and if it makes differences what animal right are concerned.

Dear all, thanks for the suggestions and sorry for the late answer. I finally did not succeed to grow Nannochloropsis with glucose.

I think the inhibition might be to the difficulty in transporting glucose inside the cell.

Sergio

I'm not sure where you can find this shapefile, but it's likely the authors of the attached 2016 paper "Global patterns of kelp forest change over the past half-century" will have one. See Figure 1A. 

Hi! It is a Syllidae. I would try Exogone, Parexogone or similar genera. I hope this helps. Cheers!

 Dear, 

         Please take jellyfish image within the water .Otherwise identification is difficult process. 

First image is Crambionella stuhlmanni. It is common species in the  East coast of India.

Second image without oral arm I think this specimen has violet Steak in the exumbrella. So it is Thysanostoma loriferum .

Third image is  juvenile stage of Cyanea sp.

Fourth image may be Netrostoma sp. If you have this specimen  please take photos within aquarium tank and send me. I will try to identify .

Fifth one is Pelagia noctiluca .

Please give numbers to the images for identification .

I hope this helps, but if you need more assistance, please let me know! My email is panavoorriyas2@gmail.com

Sincerely, 

Riyas A

 

Dear Thamilla, by the pictures, it is not easy to say which species. did the cells could form the round colony? The cells would be zooxanthellae if they were found in the anemones cultures. I agreed with Nancy. However, zooxanthellae normally has the flagellates to swim . you could check them . 

Hey Fang, Did any report or paper ever come from the study on marine microbial metabolism? May I ask you who you were working with? Would love to hear more about your results as I am looking to start some microbial sampling in the bay myself. Thanks!  

There are numerous adaptations that marine invertebrates have in sandy shores. In order to not be swept away from the powerful waves, marine invertebrates such as the paddle crab use paddles on their legs to burrow into the sand (Science Learning Hub 2012). These invertebrates also use this mechanism to prevent desiccation. 

Other marine invertebrates, such as olive snails, have streamlined body shapes (Cabrillo Marine Aquarium 2012). This body shape allows these organisms to burrow into sand easier and to let water pass through right their bodies. 

In addition to that, an issue in terms of access to oxygen arises when these organisms burrow in sand. To address this issue, a siphon, otherwise known as a specialized breathing tube, is used to gain access to the dissolved oxygen from the water by extending this part to the water from the sand (Cabrillo Marine Aquarium 2012). The bent-nosed clam actually makes use of this tube. This particular part is efficient since it also has the ability to prevent sand from gaining access to the gills of the bent-nosed clam(Cabrillo Marine Aquarium 2012).

References:

Cabrillo Marine Aquarium. 2012. The sandy beach environment [Internet]. Los Angeles: Cabrilla Marine Aquarium; [cited 2017 May 12]. Available from: http://www.cabrillomarineaquarium.org/_publications/tr-ss-sandy-beach-environment.pdf

Science Learning Hub. 2012. Adapting to marine habitats [Internet]. New Zealand: University of Waikoto; [cited 2017 May 12]. Available from https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1126-adapting-to-marine-habitats

Hi, Jaafar, thats nice to read you - it seems that you are still looking for corals...

Most pictures also show Acropora, but not in all cases its easy to know what coral in particular you're asking for. The photos ## 2 and 3 show some Xeniids, possibly Ovabunda sp., but for species ID samples would need to be checked. Further on # 3: Pocillopora, Millepora exaesa. Photos ## 8, 9 remind me of A. humilis, may be # 5 as well, together with 2 colonies of Montipora sp. For the other Picture I can't enlarge some details, if you send the pictures directly to me, I could try to ID the genera. Good luck for your work, cheers, Goetz.

Siddhartha:

Your question embraces broad spectrum of shallow marine environments, but this classic link would provide you essential insights:

Best

Syed

Lots of checks! I was going to go with 11 years old with your first image-- great to have Beth weigh in.  

Hi Alex. I fear that the answer depends on what you understand by "destructive" and what are you focusing at when assessing the effects: endangered species, community-wide effects, ecosystem services, or other.

Destructive can be translated into a number of attributes as being non-selective in the target, persistent in its effects, or effective in removing individuals. From this perspective, explosives and cyanide are the less selective and effective, while ghost fishing is the most persistent and less effective.

When one comes to focusing on response variables to assess the severity of the effects, shark finning remove top predators that are both important in structuring the community, can eventually lead to the alteration of ecosystem services (for example through releasing prey fishes and thereby altering the balance between coral-dominated and algae-dominated ecosystems) and generally endangered.

Still one can put the question in the perspective of wide-scale management for conservation purposes. Then other practices like bottom trawling (cited in the previous post) and also drifting nets would have higher impacts. The former because of its spatial extent and pervasive effects through communities and ecosystems. The second because its impact on charismatic species like dolphins, whales and turtles, which raise public concern and trigger in-the-field actions.

Possibly a multivariate approach in which you combine the scores given under different criteria for each activity, tailored for the societal values rooted in your study area, would provide a more complete albeit perhaps not definitive answer.

Thank you for all your answers. I have something to work with now :-)

Helle

@Henrik

You are correct, assuming each sample is exactly 1.00g, and the volume is 50 mL.  Your calculation assumes that all 15 weight measurements are exactly 1 gram.  The spreadsheet should have separate columns for the weight extracted and volume used of each sample. 

Tubular Immersion heaters are best option. It can be designed to based on Tank dimensions n with a suitable control System ( Panel). We make such heaters.

Thank you John!

That was definitely useful!

Dear Younes 

ANOVA IS GOOD FOR SUCH DATA 

Thank you very much to all. I've used Dismo and SDMtools packages. NicheOverlap function (dismo) calculates an index proposed by Warren et al. (2008). But now, I'm going to try with ENMtools (Warren et al., 2010). Thanks again! Best regards.

In Reunion, it seems we have the same whitish-violet "humps of Cyanophytes", Phormidium sp. Humps are ca 5 cm in diameter and they occur on corals in eutrophic/dystrophic areas (Naim et al., 2013a). They have a "stromatolit-like" internal structure.