Manipulation - Science topic

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Imitation learning is used for robotic arm manipulation because it allows robots to learn complex tasks by mimicking human actions, effectively leveraging expert demonstrations to improve performance in real-world scenarios. However, starting from 3D reconstruction can present challenges such as inaccuracies in the reconstructed models, noise in the XYZ position data, and difficulties in translating 3D coordinates into smooth, coordinated movements, which can lead to suboptimal performance and increased error rates during execution.

Dear Sameer,

I hope you find the attached article and references helpful for your research.

Best regards,

Hamdi

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Marketing has evolved into a sophisticated discipline that leverages emotional triggers to influence consumer behavior. The extent to which marketing can be considered a tool for manipulating consumers' emotions is substantial, as various studies indicate that emotional marketing strategies significantly affect consumer decision-making processes. For instance, Pollai et al. highlight that anticipated emotions regarding future product use can shape consumer decisions, suggesting that marketing can enhance positive anticipated emotions to influence purchasing behavior, particularly for hedonic products (Pollai et al., 2011). This aligns with the findings of Zheng et al., who assert that emotions play a crucial role throughout the entire consumer behavior process, from information search to post-purchase evaluations (Zheng et al., 2022). The emotional state of consumers is intricately linked to their decision-making, underscoring the potential of marketing to influence emotional responses.

Moreover, emotional marketing strategies often employ storytelling and relational approaches to create deep emotional bonds between consumers and brands. Shao et al. emphasize that brands can effectively connect with consumers through emotional marketing, particularly when these strategies align with corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives (Shao et al., 2022). This connection enhances consumer engagement and loyalty, demonstrating how marketing can influence emotions to foster a favorable perception of brands. Similarly, the work of Yin et al. illustrates that in the absence of product innovation, emotional factors become pivotal in driving consumer purchasing decisions, reinforcing the idea that emotional marketing is a powerful tool for influencing consumer behavior (Yin et al., 2022).

However, the ethical implications of using emotional manipulation in marketing practices cannot be overlooked. The potential for marketing to exploit consumers' emotional vulnerabilities raises significant ethical concerns. For instance, Fisher et al. discuss the concept of neuromarketing, which aims to understand and potentially manipulate consumer behavior through insights gained from neuroscience (Fisher et al., 2010). While such techniques can enhance marketing effectiveness, they also pose risks to consumer autonomy and ethical standards. If marketing strategies are designed to manipulate emotions without consumers' awareness, this could lead to a form of exploitation that undermines ethical marketing practices.

The ethical boundaries of emotional marketing are further complicated by the need for transparency and consumer trust. As highlighted by Rahayu and Setiyadi, emotional marketing can significantly impact consumer decisions, but it is essential for marketers to maintain ethical standards to avoid misleading consumers (Rahayu & Setiyadi, 2022). The balance between effective emotional engagement and ethical marketing practices is delicate; marketers must ensure that their strategies do not cross into manipulation that could harm consumers or erode trust in the brand.

In addition, the role of emotional intelligence in advertising is crucial in understanding how emotions can be ethically leveraged in marketing. The research presented by Liu indicates that emotional marketing can enhance consumer identification with brands, suggesting that when done ethically, emotional marketing can foster positive relationships between consumers and brands (Liu, 2024). However, the challenge lies in ensuring that these emotional appeals do not exploit consumers' vulnerabilities or create unrealistic expectations about products.

Furthermore, the concept of mixed emotions in consumer behavior, as explored by Penz and Hogg, suggests that consumers often experience ambivalence when confronted with marketing messages that evoke both positive and negative emotions (Penz & Hogg, 2011). This complexity necessitates a careful approach to emotional marketing, where marketers must consider the potential for mixed emotional responses and the ethical implications of eliciting such feelings. The ability to navigate these emotional landscapes ethically is essential for maintaining consumer trust and loyalty.

The increasing reliance on emotional marketing strategies in the digital age, particularly through social media, also raises ethical questions. As highlighted by Jiang, the emotional resonance of marketing content can significantly influence consumer behavior, but marketers must be cautious not to exploit consumers' emotional states for profit (Jiang, 2023). The ethical implications of such practices are profound, as they challenge the integrity of marketing as a discipline and the trust consumers place in brands.

Moreover, the implications of emotional marketing extend beyond individual consumer interactions to broader societal impacts. Rytel argues that emotional marketing represents a shift in how brands engage with consumers, moving from purely rational appeals to those that resonate on a socio-emotional level (Rytel, 2010). This shift necessitates a reevaluation of ethical standards in marketing, as brands must consider their social responsibilities and the potential consequences of their emotional appeals on consumer well-being.

In conclusion, while marketing can be a powerful tool for influencing consumers' emotions, the ethical boundaries surrounding this practice are complex and multifaceted. The potential for emotional manipulation raises significant ethical concerns that marketers must navigate carefully. As the field of marketing continues to evolve, it is imperative for practitioners to prioritize ethical considerations in their emotional marketing strategies to foster trust and maintain the integrity of the marketing profession.

References:

1. Fisher, C. E., Chin, L. J., & Klitzman, R. (2010). Defining neuromarketing: practices and professional challenges. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 18(4), 230-237. https://doi.org/10.3109/10673229.2010.496623

2. Jiang, Y., Sun, Y., & Tu, S. (2023). Economic implications of emotional marketing based on consumer loyalty of mobile phone brands: the sequential mediating roles of brand identity and brand trust. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 29(4), 1318-1335. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2023.19278

3. Penz, E. and Hogg, M. K. (2011). The role of mixed emotions in consumer behaviour. European Journal of Marketing, 45(1/2), 104-132. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090561111095612

4. Pollai, M., Hoelzl, E., Hahn, L., & Hahn, A. (2011). The influence of anticipated emotions on consumer decisions. Zeitschrift Für Psychologie, 219(4), 238-245. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000078

5. Rahayu, I. and Setiyadi, D. (2022). The effect of trust, emotional marketing, and spiritual marketing on consumer decisions to choose shopee pay digital wallet services. Business Review and Case Studies. https://doi.org/10.17358/brcs.3.2.162

6. Rytel, T. (2010). Emotional marketing concept: the new marketing shift in the postmodern era. Verslas: Teorija Ir Praktika, 11(1), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2010.04

7. Shao, J., Zhang, T., Wang, H., & Tian, Y. (2022). Corporate social responsibility and consumer emotional marketing in big data era: a mini literature review. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.919601

8. Yin, Z., Tu, Z., Zhao, W., & Li, H. (2022). Design of emotional branding communication model based on system dynamics in social media environment and its influence on new product sales. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.959986

9. Zheng, Q., Zeng, H., Xiu, X., & Chen, Q. (2022). Pull the emotional trigger or the rational string? a multi-group analysis of organic food consumption. Foods, 11(10), 1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11101375

Dear researcher, It is an integrated pest management (IPM) safe tool that suppresses harmful insect pests through bio-pesticides. Petst population can be checked through botanical plant extracts available in the vicinity. My research is also carried out on it.

No

Thank you for your helping

I did what the articles have done. I adopted the manipulation scale from previous studies, and my design is experimental.

I have two groups. The first group was asked to read a scenario regarding economic compensations and then answered the following question: what is the strategy, they rated 1 for economic and 7 for symbolic. so they did well and rated it for 1 because they believed it was an economic strategy. I did the same for the second group, which was symbolic. In the research, they analyzed the manyplation by comparing mean like Anova or T-test, and if there is a difference in the mean, that means the manipulation is implemented successfully. Do I understand correctly?

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The whole geopolitical construct is wrapped in the domination theory. The proponents of the 'great game' between the West and Russia still wield influence in manipulating the narrative. Fear of losing the established position in the international world order is pushing NATO to limit Russian influence from radiating while Russia still carries the baggage of big power ego. Based on a rationalist interpretation of the situation, it is accepted that both NATO and Russia will avoid military confrontation. Functioning under restraint may not lead to aggression by either side, as the societal impact of any such adventure will be catastrophic. However, it opens room for contestation using Non-Contact Warfare. Escalation matrices will be carefully crafted and curated along non-lethal and lethal domains to gain ascendency over each other.

Normally the ALPHA come with the Mentor package enabled in OPUS. To see the normal user interface, right-click on the OPUS shorcut icon and select properties. At the end of the target text add /MODE=OPUS.

I do not think that the NATO would attack Russia or Russia genuinely feels threaten by direct attack.

I think it is more about its position in geopolitics and about its sphere of influence. By containing the Russia and moving closer to its borders, the Russian Federation feels that it is becoming a power of second category with less of a say in international politics. By loosing of deterrence power against the west, its sphere of influence may be diminished also in other parts, like central Asia. If Russia would be seen as weak, states in its sphere of influence would look rather to China or the West.

Here are the main differences between ADP and ADP-BeFx:

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate):

ADP-BeFx (Adenosine Diphosphate Beryllium Fluoride):

Key Differences:

It's not about controlling electrons, but about controlling energy. The more you go to infinitesimal distances, the more you find out that also foundamental particles are nothing than energy grids which behave in a discrete manner with respect to energy levels. But this is alchemy ahaha

To evaluate the results of your manipulation check in a choice-based conjoint analysis, where you included two seven-point Likert scale questions, you can use the following statistical tools and methods:

Reducing optimization errors in multi-objective optimization algorithms like NSGA (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm) or MOPSO (Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization) can be approached through several strategies. These can be broadly categorized into parameter tuning, algorithm modification, and problem-specific strategies. Here are some methods to consider:

Parameter Tuning

Algorithm Modification

Problem-Specific Strategies

Algorithm-Specific Strategies

Computational Resources

By carefully tuning the parameters, modifying the algorithms, and applying problem-specific strategies, you can significantly reduce optimization errors in multi-objective optimization tasks. Experimentation and empirical analysis are often necessary to find the best combination of methods for a given problem.

By following these methods, you should be able to control the vehicle entry times in VISSIM according to your specific requirements. If you have any further questions or need additional assistance, feel free to ask.

I don't know if my answer can be helpful for you, I asked your question to chat GPT and copy and paste its answer, let me know

Maybe the context of a dinner with people who on purpose show social-status seeking behavior

I think because males don’t know the anatomy of women

Unfortunately, I am not familiar with this list

Many thanks for the links. I will go through them.

The choice of method depends on factors such as the complexity of the system, availability of computational resources, desired level of optimization, and familiarity with the optimization technique. For simple systems with known dynamics, heuristic methods like Ziegler-Nichols may suffice. However, for complex or nonlinear systems, metaheuristic optimization algorithms like GA, PSO, ACO, or WOA may offer better performance and convergence properties. Experimentation and comparative analysis can help determine the most suitable method for a particular application.

Dr. Harri Shore's statement regarding the requirement for classical communication in quantum teleportation resonates perfectly with the interpretation presented in my initial question. It reinforces the understanding that despite the remarkable properties of quantum entanglement, the process of quantum teleportation still relies on conventional communication channels to convey information about measurement outcomes. This acknowledgment underscores the essential role of classical communication in completing the teleportation process and utilizing the transferred state effectively. It further emphasizes the fundamental constraints imposed by the laws of physics on the direct transmission of information through quantum entanglement alone.

you can use silvaco examples. there are some codes for p-n diodes.

Hello Lilian Hoogenboom. I find your wording confusing. In particular, I do not know why you want to compare two F-values.

Here is my guess as to what you have.

From what you said, I speculate that factor A (positivity of content) is your focal variable (i.e., the variable of primary interest), and B (tone) is being viewed as a potential "moderator", or as I prefer to call it, effect modifier. If I'm still on track here, the F-test for the interaction term is a test of the null hypothesis that the simple main effects of positivity for the polite and impolite groups do not differ. I speculate that the F-test for the interaction addresses your question. If I am wrong about that, you'll have to have another go at explaining what your question is. HTH.

"Scientific publishers have started to use AI tools such as ImageTwin, ImaCheck and Proofig to help them to detect questionable images. The tools make it faster and easier to find rotated, stretched, cropped, spliced or duplicated images. But they are less adept at spotting more complex manipulations or AI-generated fakery..."

I think about strategies to modify things, for instance, combining an inner loop MRAC for dealing with system uncertainties and an outer loop using a Fuzzy Proportional-Integral Controller for external disturbances, as found in recent research.

I'm sorry that I can't help you much.

You can do it; never give up.

Making the robot manipulator suitable for unstructured environments is an important part of the process of using the robot for tasks such as picking an object. Here are several strategies and technologies that can be employed to enhance a robot manipulator's adaptability:

Sensory Perception:

Vision Systems:

The robot should be fitted with complex visioning devices e.g. cameras/depth sensors like LiDAR or Kinetic. It enables the robot to determine the objects, obstacles, and the general scene.

Tactile and Force Sensors:

Incorporate tactile and force sensors onto the robot’s end effectors or grippers. This makes it possible for the robot to feel what kinds of characteristics things have like, shape, rigidity, and texture.

Machine Learning and AI:

Object Recognition:

Machine learning will be used to train the robot to identify and categorize objects on a real-time basis. This gives the robot a versatile nature to accommodate different object shapes.

Adaptive Planning:

Develop dynamic trajectories and grasping strategies for the robot’s movement, which will be implemented based on information received from the environment and the object properties.

Collision Avoidance:

Obstacle Detection and Avoidance:

Develop algorithms for detecting environmental obstacles and computing collision-free path planner; The presence of obstacles makes this important as it aids navigation within the crowded area to avoid any collision.

Flexible Manipulation:

Compliant Actuators:

Deploy actuators that move comfortably with non-conforming objects on the system. The robots are thus able to comply easily with the shape of the objects they interchange with to minimize damage during impact against them.

Soft Grippers:

Use soft grippers or adaptive grippers which will be able to grip any object. They tend to be far better at handling uneven objects.

Learning from Demonstration:

Programming by Demonstration (PbD):

Demonstrate and teach robots through training in the environment. With such demonstrated examples, the robot can generalize on its actions to accommodate changes in the environment.

Simulations and Virtual Environments:

Simulation-Based Training:

Train the robot using a simulated environment with various scenarios before deployment in the real world. This can also allow the robot to learn faster.

Hybrid Systems:

Wheeled or Tracked Mobility:

Add another wheeled base with the manipulator to enhance mobility, especially from areas of mixed terrain.

Modular Robotics:

Make the robot a modular system so that it can be tailor-made for a particular function.

Human-Robot Collaboration:

Collaborative Robots (Cobots):

Facilitate teamwork between robots and people. Such can also be in the form of shared control whereby the robot and human cooperate to succeed in an objective, taking advantage of each other’s strengths.

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Hi Brendan,

Your university should have a copy of "A Manual of Acarology" (Ed. Krantz & Walter). There's a whole chapter in that about slide-mounting mites, which is useful for all sorts of creatures < 4 mm or so. I could send a copy of that chapter if you can't find it, but you'd have to give me a couple days. It's essential for anyone getting into mites.

Clearing your animals prior to slide-mounting lets you see the dorsum and venter of a small mite without flipping. For bigger animals (e.g. thrips) you generally go through more of a process to clear, with harsher agents, and they get mounted in "stronger, long-lasting" media (like Euparol). Fine-bodied animals like mites often get cleared and mounted in Hoyer's, a chloral-hydrate based medium. Great optics, easy to use, but slides will spoil in time (quickly if not kept in a climate-controlled environment). Spoiled slides are thankfully fairly easy to remount, but that's still a nuisance.

We also use a cavity-slide method. Clear in lactic acid, put your animal into a cavity slide with a few drops of lactic acid, and place a coverslip half over the cavity. You then use a mounted micropin to manipulate the animal while under the coverslip (simply an entomological micropin shoved into the end of a wooden skewer - wet the skewer first to make it soft). That's a preferred method for heavily sclerotised globose mites like oribatids.

Those mounted micropins can also be fashioned into micro blades, loops and hooks with a pair of fine foreceps. Before long, you'll have a small set of favourite tools made for a few cents each - the good pair of forceps are the expensive part.

Good luck!

Owen.

Hello Mohammad Rakibul Islam Bhuiyan

You are quite right that this is becoming more and more common, especially as many seek increased citation rate.

I'll attempt to answer your questions:

a) I find it quite common

b) it is very hard to detect or prove - and that is why many get away with it

c) the consequence should be retraction of the work/publication and it be consider invalid (but this is rare and difficult to prove and difficult to enforce)

It is actually more common than we think and in our day-to-day lives.

Tom Koch This is the answer.

Dear Doctor

Go To

The Limits of X-ray Diffraction Theory

by Paul F. Fewster

Crystals 2023, 13(3), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030521

"Introduction

All X-ray diffraction theories have limits, and knowing these is crucial to interpretating the data correctly [1]. Typically, conventional kinematical theory starts with Bragg’s law and assumes a perfect crystal [2]. The profile shape is interpreted by including smearing functions, e.g., those due to crystal size broadening and diffuse scattering from defects. Ideally, a theory would include all known information about the X-ray photons and the full nature of the crystal under investigation. This is presently impractical since this requires intensive calculations. There is also the influence of the diffractometer to consider. The conventional kinematical theory is used in powder diffraction and single crystal structure determination, whereas the closest example of the more complete approach is used in the study of near perfect semiconductor crystals with dynamical theory. The reason for this is that the sample is very well defined and dynamical theory is a more exact description of the diffraction process. If, for example, Bragg’s law and kinematical theory were applied to semiconductor heterostructures, the derived information will contain large errors [3], which are resolved by applying dynamical theory. However, when dynamical theory is applied to imperfect crystals it fails, although numerous authors have extended it to account for imperfections [4,5,6,7], etc. However, as will be illustrated, dynamical theory within this conventional formulation has its limits and cannot reproduce the whole of the diffraction pattern observed, even with perfect crystals.

Concluding Remarks

The conventional kinematical and dynamical theories account for most features in a diffraction pattern. However, there are clear limits with dynamical theory away from the Bragg condition and questionable statistics associated with kinematical theory, e.g., the number and reliability of the peaks observed in powder diffraction, and the Bragg peaks in single crystal studies follow kinematical theory rather than dynamical theory, which is required at the Bragg condition.

There exists subtle streaking close to the Bragg scattering angle that is neither addressed nor can be accommodated in conventional theories and requires a physical explanation. This streak is always present, but weak, e.g., ~10−3 to ~10−5 of the peak intensity in perfect crystals.

This streak can be explained by considering that each X-ray photon forms a diffraction snapshot of a crystal. The photon samples the atoms when they are distributed about their average positions through thermal vibrations. That is, the experimental observations are averages of the snapshots, NOT the average of the atom positions. Each snapshot no longer occurs from a perfect array, which in turn prevents the phase-cancellation of waves generated outside the Bragg condition. The effect is subtle, but profound.

The detector will intersect this streak and register weak peaks appearing close to the Bragg scattering angle, which can be remote from the Bragg condition. These peaks will be additive and create measurable intensity in powder diffraction scans. In an imperfect single crystal, the planes will not be perfectly flat and therefore the incident beam will scatter towards 2θB from regions that satisfy the Bragg condition and from regions not in the Bragg condition. Although the latter may be considerably weaker than the former, as the proportion of the non-Bragg diffraction increases compared to the Bragg condition diffraction, the intensity will change from dynamical to kinematical in nature."

People do many things without adaptive control.

However, at some point, we may understand that the performance may not be what we were looking for. Either the plant parameters were not exactly what we thought, or they might have changed from what they were in the beginning. Moreover, the object of control could be time-varying, nonlinear, etc.

This is what led people to think about “adapting” the control parameter to the actual situation.

A first idea was to only change the main control loop gain. This was called the MIT rule and it worked nicely and was even implemented on a plane that flew nicely…until it crashed. Comes out that working with time-varying control parameters is not the same as fixed parameters.

This made people reluctant to the idea of adaptive control.

Then, some names, such as Prof. Kumpati (Bob) Narendra from Yale, contributed a lot to the theory of stability and also came up with their own idea of adaptive control. This appears in literature as Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) and this is what you usually see in literature.

It requires the plant to behave like some ideal model of the same order and indeed, it tries to modify the parameters of the big plant.

As it happens, by 1980, after some engineering experience, I came to RPI (Rensselaer) for a PhD. The “problem” was that the Professor’s grant was for Large Flexible Structures (LFS). They were not only large plants but also MIMO, so there was not much we could do with the classical MRAC.

They started using another idea, which was called Command Generator Tracking (CGT). You don’t try to make all state variables of the big plant follow all state variables of some big model. Instead, you define some low-order model that only defines the trajectory that you would like your plant output to track. They had some publications, yet the idea was negatively received, so they were almost on their way out. However, the grant forced my advisor to let me “try to do something.”

As I was coming from the industry, I liked this idea of a simplified controller with varying parameters, and I even “felt” that it should work. The plant can be of order 20 or 50 and yet the model and the controller can be of order 5.

What can I say? I ended up with a low-order adaptive controller that managed to control the pretty big LFS. It was interesting that people at JPL liked the idea and even dared to implement it on their large flexible antenna.

After playing with it, I decided to call our approach “Simple Adaptive Control (SAC).”

I won’t make this message a dissertation, but if you write Simple Adaptive Control on Google, you can see quite a bit, of publications from all around the world.

Also, please always feel free to come back with any questions.

Have you separated protein and ligand in .pdb file with TER? If not, the unusual bond might form by the charmm-gui. when you run it system simply explodes.

Christian Schmidt Thank You

My book "Public Participation as a Tool for Integrating Local Knowledge Into Spatial Planning" answers to this question.

Yes, manipulation of human emotions or desires can affect the economy in a big way. According to Harvard Gazette, consumer spending makes up about 70 percent of the U.S. economy so shifts in sentiment can result in big positive or negative changes.

Jil Ullenboom Thank you for providing this article!

Hello Bieke,

The two moderators represent between-subjects factors. So, the basic design, in anova terms, is a two-between (moderators, each having two levels), two-within (IV1, IV2; each having two levels) design. Of course, you could also evaluate this via OLS regression.

As I'm sure you know, evidence for moderation effect/s comes in the form of significant IV * Moderator interaction terms (whether singly or jointly).

Good luck with your work.

Hi Anuradha,

One solution could be to use other market-based performance measures.

Best

Sarit

Some tips on how to post-process GRACE Level 2 RL06 data are:

- Download the GRACE Level 2 RL06 data products from the GRACE Tellus website or the PO.DAAC website. You can choose between different data centers (JPL, CSR, GFZ) and different solutions (GSM, GAC, GAD). The GSM solution contains the spherical harmonic coefficients of the gravity field variations¹.

- Subtract a long-term mean field from the data products. You can use the mean field provided by GFZ or calculate your own mean field as an unweighted average of the available GSM products in a certain period².

- Replace the coefficients C20, C30, C21 and S21 and their formal standard deviations by values estimated from a combination of GRACE/GRACE-FO and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). You can use the values provided by GFZ or other sources².

- Apply a filter to reduce the noise and enhance the signal in the data products. You can use different types of filters, such as Gaussian, DDK, VDK, or Swenson¹. The choice of filter depends on your research question and the spatial and temporal resolution that you need.

- Subtract a linear trend caused by Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) from the data products. You can use a numerical model for GIA correction, such as ICE-6G_D_VM5a provided by GFZ or other sources².

- Insert geocenter coefficients (C10, C11, S11) into the data products. You can use the geocenter coefficients estimated by GFZ or other sources².

- Remove the estimated aliased signal of the S2 tide (161 days period) from the data products. This step is optional and depends on your research question².

(1) Data Updates & Announcements | Data – GRACE Tellus. https://grace.jpl.nasa.gov/data/data-updates/.

(2) Post-processed GRACE/GRACE-FO Geopotential GSM Coefficients GFZ RL06 .... https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/gravis/showshort.php?id=escidoc:4175889.

(3) UTCSR/JPL GRACE Level-2 RL06 datasets release | PO.DAAC. https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/announcements/2018-07-16_UTCSR/JPL_GRACE_Level-2_RL06_datasets_release.

Sachin Suknunan

One of the problems this statement ignores is the competence of data analysis and conclusions of authors. This can be an issue. Sometimes the conclusions are not supported by evidence. So at this level sometimes there are 'wrong' findings in research.

The question needs to be more nuanced as there are different levels of competence among those who do conduct research, as well as different interpretations of what is meant by the word 'wrong'.

Hello Erica,

You could treat IV as either: (a) a single factor, having 8 levels, or (b) as three factors, each having two levels (present/absent). The latter form makes it easier to draw inferences about the influence (and potential interaction) of individual factors. Either way, IV(s) is/are within-subjects influence(s).

If you have one outcome score for each of the eight stimulus conditions, then you have a univariate design; if multiple outcome scores per condition, then it is a multivariate design.

Good luck with your work.

good luck Philipp Mackert

Hi Alessandro,

To calculate the concentration of oleylamine-capped Ag nanoparticles, you will need to use a combination of techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Here are the general steps you can follow:

The accuracy of the concentration measurement will depend on the precision and accuracy of the measurement techniques used. Additionally, the presence of impurities or other factors can affect the measurement, so it's important to perform appropriate quality control measures to ensure the accuracy of the results.

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Anything in the Multi-Universw can be quantized and both continuized.

Hi..

Bovine serum is often used as a supplement in cell culture media to promote cell proliferation. There are several factors that can affect the ability of bovine serum to support cell proliferation, including:

By understanding the key factors that can affect cell proliferation, it is possible to optimize the use of bovine serum to support cell growth in culture.

Regards .

Integral of Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) can be used as a cost function for tuning PID, however, the question here is how to combine errors of two measured parameters to calculate PID output.

Khaled Badawy Thanks for your reply sir, Its reported in the literature.

I am trying to regenerate the reported conditions as a hand on.

I am honestly puzzled by such questions. I am not sure why our time is being wasted with basic questions like that. If you can google the answer - please do so first.

Best,

Very True and real problem.

I don't know whether the question is still under debate, but maybe it is helpful. You could present a difficult or a non-sensical performance test and provide fictitious feedback ("Your test score was among the lowest 5% of all participants tested"). The non-sense task could be even better to avoid that the participants have any prior experience or knowledge regarding any particular test (e.g., intelligence test). This is adapted from a study but unfortunately, I cannot remember the study itself.

I would suggest the following lecture notes:

They are part of B. Zwiebach’s lecture notes on quantum physics, taken from MIT OpenCourseWare. They are at an advanced-undergraduate level and may help you, since they focus on the mathematical aspect of entanglement, which, in my opinion, is the only real aspect of entanglement, contrary to what many believe.

Data mining is the process used to analyze data for relationships that have not previously been discovered, typically within existing large databases that work on mega data.

Moreover, there are four main vital properties of data mining which are;

I. Automatic Discovery of patterns

II. Prediction of likely outcomes

III. Creation of actionable information

IV. Focus on large data sets and databases

Dear Ahmed Elfayoumy ,

Applying machine learning techniques to biometric security solutions is one of the emerging AI trends. Today I would like to share some ideas about how to develop a face recognition-based biometric identification system using OpenCV library, DLib and real-time streaming via video camera.

Regards,

Shafagat

I understand manipulation of data from the past. How will we manipulate data from the future? Further the analysis of data seems constrained by science and mathematics development. David Booth

There are three cut-off points (-1.89, -1.78 and -1.49) derived for the 'assumed' different error cost ratio levels of 10:1, 20:1 and 40:1 respectively, derived by using the cut-off probabilities along with the normal probability table.

So, to minimize the the expected cost of wrong (mis) classification, the cut-off probabilities are determined using the formula:

ECM = P(M)PICI + [1 - P(M)]PIICII,

where;

ECM = Expected Cost of miscalculation, P(M) = the prior probability of encountering earnings manipulators, PI = the conditional probability of a Type I error occurring; PII = the conditional probability of Type II error; CI = Cost of Type I error and CII = Cost of Type II error.

However, it remains hazy how this ECM was minimized in the determination of the cut-offs or how the cut-offs were even derived except as indicated above. Therefore, for now, any score above the cut off implies likelihood of manipulation, while a 'less than' M-score signals a low probability that the company's earnings have been manipulated.

@Rayappa, thank you for your response. I still do not understand how the speed of piston-die displacement versus temperature in figure 2 (of the document CTE3) was converted to strain in figure 3 of the same document. What relationship does the graph of figure 2 have with figure 3?

Hi Veronica,

I am also dealing with a similar situation. While I have not tried it myself, I was wondering if the method of washing discussed herein (refer attached file) would help, i.e., by washing repeatedly with sodium chloride to phase separate the mineral oil.

blood should warmer mosquito should not have taken other meal for a day or so and room should be darker lights should be off and provide dawn dusk mimic in insectory to make them function properly

Kindly see also the following useful RG links:

Hello Abdulrahman Abdo Ali Alsumeri if you want to control an industrial robotic arm using your own laptop, you can see if that model that you are using has ROS conecction. If this is the case, you can just suscribe to the topics that are usefull for your task and send the required ofnormation for each of the different joints of the robot.

If there is not a ROS interface, you can try to use some other controller created especifically for the industrial robots, that works using 7Step lenguage for example, but normally those programs are controlled by the company that owns the robot.

In ths case, for your model, it has a ROS Interface that you can use. There is the link to ROS WIKI for your model: http://wiki.ros.org/aubo_robot

I hope my comment has helped you.

Prof. Sandeep Kumar I will answer your question intuitively, i.e., using the old USSR style of my physics professors at MSU:

For the normal state-n part of the JJ acodlighty Ohms law:

I_n = V_n/R_n & the equation for the Ohm resistance is R_n^-1 = σ ∫ ∇ f(r) dS where f(r)

is an arbitrary function or coordinates with the boundary condition ∇²_r f(r) = 0 &

n . ∇ f(r) | _border = 0

This is part of the Aslamazov–Larkin theory for the superconductors links * and the special Josephson junction not only describes the Josephson effect for weak links but also makes it possible to clearly see its physical origin.

* Presented in 1968, the Aslamazov–Larkin theory of fluctuation contributions to paraconductivity—the conductivity of a superconductor in its normal state—remains a foundational paper of the field.

So it is easy to see from R_n^-1 = σ ∫ ∇ f(r) dS that by decreasing the conductivity σ for example adding impurities to decrease it, 1/ R_n will decrease and R_n by itself will increase.

* L. Aslamazov & A. Larkin, Soviet Solid State 10, 875 (1968); Phys. Letters 26A, 238 (1968).

Best Regards, very interesting question.

Excuse me sir. I did processing my field data and try to manage the scale by the solution above but it doesn't work out. Could you please help me for this problem?

Perhaps you may ask this question at the forum:

Using cold tips would be recommended when manipulating the collagen solution once it has been neutralized. In soluble form; in 0.2% acetic acid, polymerization is unlikely, but cold tips might still be recommended to lower the risk of thermal denaturation. Typically i would leave my tips in the fridge at 4 degrees before using them and then maybe keep the tip box on ice if the collagen is neutralized.