Mandarin - Science topic

In order to increase the crop water productivity (WPc) of the agricultural systems, and to support farmers in minimizing uncertainty of water availability, we conducted a three-years experiment in a commercial adult mandarin orchard to quantify the effect of sustained and severe deficit irrigation in combination with the use of geotextile mulch on...

This study aimed to create a game as scaffolding in 3D virtual worlds to enhance linguistic communication skills (LCS) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Two ADHD children participated in the 17-week study. In 8 of the 17 weeks of the study, they logged in 3D virtual worlds to learn LCS through play twice a week, one...

A coordinate construction is built by two basic levels of combination: a categoryless functional head is combined with a conjunct, and the result is combined with a categorizer, which is the other conjunct. The first combination is seen in all structures headed by a functional element, and the latter is seen in the categorization of a root. The sam...

This chapter takes an individual-differences perspective on the dual sound systems of American heritage speakers (HSs) of Mandarin Chinese. Based on detailed socio-demographic data and production data on segmentals and suprasegmentals, we build holistic demographic and phonetic profiles for HSs, as well as native speakers and late learners, to expl...

According to the imperial moment of China, a dynasty improved the Chinese military training. Chinese Dynasties to prepare the imperial army performed the training planning. The training plan to be used in sports came to be called by Soviet Union researchers of periodization. This article called the training planning of the Chinese imperial army of...

Background The Mental Health Quality of Life (MHQoL) questionnaire is concise and suitable for rapid assessment of CMP (chronic musculoskeletal pain) patients in primary care. However, there is a lack of Chinese versions of the MHQoL. Objective To cross-culturally translate the MHQoL into Chinese and to assess its psychometric properties in Chines...

Citrus polyploidy is associated with a wide range of morphological, genetic, and physiological changes that are often advantageous for breeding. Citrus triploid hybrids are very interesting as new seedless varieties. However, tetraploid rootstocks promote adaptation to different abiotic stresses and promote resilience. Triploid and tetraploid hybri...

This study investigates the processing of renhe, a negative polarity item (NPI) and a free choice item (FCI) in Mandarin. A self-paced reading experiment examined real-time processing patterns. The results support prior theoretical literature, indicating that renhe requires appropriate licensing contexts for NPI/FCI interpretations. Specifically, w...

This study investigated the acoustic modifications of Mandarin vowels in clear speech and Lombard speech. In addition, their underlying articulatory movements in the tongue and lips were examined using ultrasound imaging and lip videos. Plain (i.e., conversational), clear and Lombard speech productions were elicited through a series a map tasks, wh...

Background To develop effective public health policies, programs, and services tailored to the unique sexual health needs of migrant populations, it is essential to understand the myriad socio-ecological factors that influence their sexual health. This qualitative community-based participatory study aimed to explore factors influencing migrants’ se...

The yearly decline in mandarin production, one of the important citrus fruit in the mid-hills of Nepal could be attributed to underdeveloped and non-systematic market and lack of value-chain participation by farmers leading to low profitability and hence reducing their motivation. So, this research explores market and value chain of mandarin sub-se...

We investigated how neural oscillations code the hierarchical nature of stress rhythms in speech and how stress processing varies with language experience. By measuring phase synchrony of multilevel EEG-acoustic tracking and intra-brain cross-frequency coupling, we show the encoding of stress involves different neural signatures (delta rhythms = st...

In China, the prevalence of academic dishonesty has attracted considerable negative attention. One explanation for observed differences is found in cultural norms around the acceptability of individual unethical academic behaviors. The establishment of international cooperative universities in China presents a unique challenge for educators and adm...

Animals of most species avoid close inbreeding, but the levels of incest avoidance (IA) vary both between and within species. Evolutionary reasons for this diversity are generally unclear. Comparison of IA between closely-related species and between within species categories (sexes, age classes or categories of kin pairs) could provide important to...

Citrus reticulata Blanco also known as kinnow mandarin is a widely grown horticultural crop in Punjab. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is being widely used for generation of varieties with increased resilience towards abiotic and biotic stresses as well as improved horticultural traits. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc)-mediated Agroinfiltration offers a...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic fueled stigmatization and discrimination, particularly towards individuals of Chinese or East Asian ethnicity. We conducted interviews with members of the public in Canada in order to describe and understand stigma perceptions and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We used a phenomenological approach...

Many hotels are now seeking brand differentiation to improve competitiveness in the modern market, strategies are diversified, but a localization strategy of embedding elements of regional culture into marketing activities is popular amongst an array of hotels. The strategies of Emirates Palace, Mandarin Oriental, a luxurious hotel in Abu Dhabi, ar...

A great majority of Taiwanese people declare themselves to be Taiwanese only (61% in 2022) or Taiwanese and also Chinese (additional 31%), which gives an impression of ethnic and national unity. However, the divisive factors of (sub) ethnic grouping, language diversity and historical consciousness are still present. Taiwanese nationalism, which in...

Languages vary in spelling and grammar. Starting from Didactics in the field of Language and Applied Linguistics, our research is conducted on suprasegmental features: contrastive analysis for future Spanish teachers to native Mandarin speakers. Punctuation marks are essential for correctly understanding any written text in any language. However, t...

The aim of this study is to find out how conversation role affects prosodic entrainment in Mandarin interactions. Tongji Games Corpus are adopted for this study, in which two interlocutors play unequal roles in Picture Ordering Games (information giver and information follower), and equal roles in Picture Classifying Games. Based on this corpus, tw...

Perkembangan ekonomi Negara Cina yang pesat saat ini memunculkan fenomena kebutuhan tenaga ahli bahasa Mandarin dengan kualifikasi yang capable di bidangnya. Bersamaan dengan hal tersebut, bahasa mandarin menjadi bahasa asing kedua yang banyak dipelajari baik secara mandiri maupun lembaga. Pengembangan Bahasa Mandarin di Indonesia sebagai bahasa as...

Citrus is a major fruit of Pakistan, which is grown all over the world. Fruit quality is a great concern for growers, consumers, and processors. Different techniques are implemented to improve the shelf life of fruit and vegetables. In the current study, low-temperature techniques are used to improve the postharvest life of different citrus cultiva...

Despite extensive research on the ba -construction in Chinese, the diachronic change in the alternation between the ba and jiang constructions has received little attention. The present study takes a multifactorial approach to examine the factors that probabilistically condition the alternation based on diachronic data across twelve centuries. The...

This study investigates the perception of simultaneous interpreting (SI) quality among accented Mandarin interpreters in Taiwan. Four hundred Taiwanese individuals were recruited online for a controlled experiment, where participants were randomly assigned, in equal numbers, to listen to one of four SI versions. Each version was distinguished solel...

While children's acquisition of recursion has drawn extensive attention in the field, there is less research offering proper evidence for the uniform developmental path of linguistic recursion. To address this issue cross-linguistically, this study examines how 84 Mandarin-speaking children aged between three and six comprehend two to four-level De...

There are few data on the possibility of soil organic carbon sequestration for agroforestry systems (AFSs). Rarely are the effects of AFSs established for the regeneration of carbon in degraded soils of the Indian North Eastern Himalayas (susceptible to soil erosion, carbon and nutrient loss) examined. The effects of five different AFSs on the stab...

We present a cross-linguistic study in which the open source C-LARA platform was used to evaluate GPT-4's ability to perform several key tasks relevant to Computer Assisted Language Learning. For each of the languages English, Farsi, Faroese, Mandarin and Russian, we instructed GPT-4, through C-LARA, to write six different texts, using prompts chos...

The visual cues of lexical tones are more implicit and much less investigated than consonants and vowels, and it is still unclear what facial areas contribute to facial tones identification. This study investigated Chinese and English speakers’ eye movements when they were asked to identify audiovisual Mandarin lexical tones. The Chinese and Englis...

Shanghainese speakers show a variety of phonological phenomena depending on the region and age of the speaker. Junior Shanghainese speakers exhibit a mixture of Mandarin and Shanghainese phonology and usually speak Shanghainese with many discernible differences compared to the old generation of Shanghainese speakers. Crucially, Shanghainese speaker...

This study explores the implications of Talmy's (2000) motion event typology and its subsequent articulations in relation to Slobin's (1996, 2006) thinking-for-speaking hypothesis for the early successive bilingual acquisition of Uyghur (verb-framed) and Mandarin Chinese (equipollently-framed). Specifically, it examines how 4-, 6-, 8- and 10-year-o...

The studies of antecedent retrieval of Chinese personal pronouns have been the focus of semantic and syntactic scholars. It has also been a difficult problem for learners. This study works on the actual mastery of native Chinese speakers regarding the pronoun Ta (, he) in the third person singular in terms of anaphor features and antecedent retriev...

This study discusses the challenge of distinguishing between two high-quality mandarin cultivars, ‘Asumi’ and ‘Asuki’, which have been introduced and cultivated in Korea after being developed through crossbreeding in Japan. Owing to genetic similarities resulting from crossbreeding between the same parent cultivars, it is challenging to differentia...

Full text available: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07908318.2023.2285797 - As part of a larger project that investigates the issue of identities in Hong Kong, this study anchored on the sociocognitive paradigm in second language acquisition (SLA) explores the potential relationship between one’s identity and perceived language acce...

Background Following the May 2019 approval of recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) in China, there was a need for real-world information on the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of RZV in a Chinese population. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) to estimate the VE of two doses of RZV in preventing herpes z...

Introduction Previous studies have shown that music training modulates adults’ categorical perception of Mandarin tones. However, the effect of music training on tone categorical perception ability in individuals in Chinese dialect areas remains unclear. Methods We recruited three groups of college students majoring in music in Chongqing, a dialec...

The experiment was carried out in the shade house, Department of Horticulture and Landscape, College of Agriculture, Kerbala University, during the 2021 growing season to investigate the influence of foliar spraying with Nano-NPK to improve the growth indicators& nutritional content of seedlings of citrus rootstocks. The results show the citrus roo...

The present study continues research that takes non-serious language more seriously (Cekaite and Aronsson 2005) by focusing on a central second language (L2) Metaphoric Competence factor, Metaphor Language Play (MLP). For willing learners, MLP offers a diversity of benefits (Bushnell 2009; Bell 2012a) despite being one of the most challenging Metap...

Fruit crops are a major part of agricultural production and fruit crops are currently facing new problems due to the different global climate change scenarios one of them is Khasi mandarin. Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is a commercially valuable fruit crop distributed prominently in Brahmaputra valley of Assam, India. In our effort to...

This article explores a restriction on non-local binding in Vietnamese—the blocking effect—including a systematic comparison with its Mandarin Chinese counterpart. Our finding is that the blocking effect in Vietnamese appeared to be rather different from that in Mandarin but, in fact, employs essentially the same syntactic mechanism. While binding...

Purpose Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) cancer patients report unmet informational and emotional needs when receiving radiotherapy (RT). This feasibility study aimed to evaluate the clinical use of an instant translation device (ITD) to facilitate communication between Mandarin-speaking patients and radiation therapists (RTTs) within t...

The title of this research is the“shèng nǚ” label solution to female main character in the 《剩者为王》movie’s: feminism analysis. In this study the background of the rise of female phenomena aged over 27 years but still does not have the desire to get married so that researchers adjust the formulation of the problem how women look for ways to be free fr...

The resemblance between equivalent phonemes in Mandarin and English may be crucial for Chinese English learners. Three pairs of comparable fricative and affricates exit in the two languages. Prior research on fricatives and affricatives has tended to ignore the outputs of second language learners and instead concentrated on those of monolingual spe...

Aim To obtain an in‐depth understanding of women's decision‐making experiences related to mastectomy. Design A descriptive qualitative interview study. Methods Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted face‐to‐face with 27 Chinese women with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy at two tertiary hospitals in mainland China between Sept...

Beijing Mandarin allows all possible rimes (excluding syllabic [ɚ]) to be applied with the retroflex suffix, and reveals an intricate pattern of rime change and merger. While retroflex suffixation and resultant rime mergers have been approached from phonological and impressionistic phonetic angles, empirical studies remain scarce and inconclusive....

THE SYMBOLIC DIMENSION OF TAIWANESE NATIONALISMA great majority of Taiwanese people declare themselves to be Taiwanese only (61% in 2022) or Taiwanese and also Chinese (additional 31%), which gives an impression of ethnic and national unity. However, the divisive factors of (sub) ethnic grouping, language diversity and historical consciousness are...

Nagpur mandarin is a popular table fruit across India and is exported to various countries. Only 1% of the total production is processed into various products. The development of seedless cultivars will boost agricultural incomes by enhancing the potential for export and processing. At present, only a couple of commercially seedless varieties are a...

The home language environment is a critical point of investment in early language skills. However, few studies have quantitatively measured the home language environment of low-socioeconomic-status households in non-western settings. This mixed methods study describes the home language environment and early child language skills among households in...

Language impairments often arise from severe neurological disorders, prompting the development of neural prosthetics based on electrophysiological signals for the restoration of comprehensible language information. Previous decoding efforts have focused mainly on signals from the cerebral cortex, neglecting the potential contributions of subcortica...

This paper provides an HPSG analysis for the morphosyntax and the semantics of deadjectival change of state (CoS) verbs in Mandarin Chinese. We first show that adjectives are a distinct word class from verbs in Mandarin Chinese and argue for the derivation of CoS verbs from property concept adjectives. We then model this derivation with a lexical r...

Background Chinese/Mandarin language instruction to undergraduate students from non-Chinese speaking countries has become a topic of increasing interest, driven by China’s influential role in global political and economic dynamics. With Mandarin being the language spoken by approximately 70% of Chinese speakers, it is not only taught within China b...

As an opportunistic pathogen, Aeromonas veronii can cause hemorrhagic septicemia of various aquatic animals. In our present study, a dominant strain SJ4, isolated from naturally infected mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), was identified as A. veronii according to the morphological, physiological, and biochemical features, as well as molecular ident...

In studying language acquisition in children, sizable research studies have been focusing on the investigation of form and lexical semantics. This study aims to establish a child language database annotated both syntactically with part of speech and semantically with semantic content category to supplement the study of child language acquisition in...

Current end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) models have achieved good results in phonetic language such as English and French. However, Chinese character is a typical ideographic writing, and there is no direct correspondence between Chinese characters and phonetics, but Pinyin, as a mark of the pronunciation of Chinese characters, has an...

In this study, the transcendental logarithmic cost function model was used to measure the rate of technological progress in seven major mandarin-producing regions and seven major tangerine-producing regions in China from 2006 to 2021. The modified gravity model was used to establish spatial correlation networks. The social network analysis method w...

Somatic hybridization has emerged as a valuable tool for developing novel genetic combinations in citrus breeding programs, including the creation of salt-tolerant rootstocks. In this study, the performance of a tetraploid somatic hybrid, obtained by fusing protoplasts derived from salt-tolerant Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni hort. ex Tanaka) an...

The development of immersion vaccines for preventing viral aquatic infectious diseases is important for Asian aquaculture. Gene-deletion-attenuated vaccines have good potential for administration via immersion. However, most gene-deletion viruses still have residual virulence, and thus, gene-deletion immersion vaccines for aquatic viruses are rarel...

//Unpublished preprint// In Singapore Colloquial English (SCE or "Singlish"), the where got construction exists as a calque of Mandarin na li you and Hokkien dolo u, all of which are used idiomatically to express a challenge or retort to a previous statement. Following a Hallidayan multi-strand view of meaning structure, this paper investigates the...

Fruit cracking is a preharvest physiological rind disorder in citrus, sometimes causing considerable yield loss. In recent years, reports from Israel and other countries suggest that cracking incidence has increased, which might indicate that climate change intensifies the phenomena. The study aims to develop a machine learning (ML) model for predi...

Humans are able to represent events in time with several cognitive processes: (a) localizing them on the timeline according to oneself (LOCALIZATION), (b) reasoning about the temporal order between events and sub-events (SEQUENCING), and (c) assessing the belief/truth-value of the existence of the event (EXISTENTIAL), among others [1-3]. The timing...

A conversation analytic study on justifying as a responsive action to third⁃party complaining Using conversation analysis as its methodology and taking natural mundane interaction in Mandarin as its data， this study examines “justifying” the complainable as a response to third⁃party complaining. Three practices of justifying are identified out of...

In an increasingly globalized world, the dominance of the English language has profound sociolinguistic consequences that spread through various aspects of society, culture, and identity. The current study explores Robert Phillipson's concept of linguistic imperialism (1992), as the central theoretical framework for analyzing the topic of linguisti...

This is an acoustic and articulatory study of the two rhotic schwas in Southwestern Mandarin (SWM), i.e., the er-suffix (a functional morpheme) and the rhotic schwa phoneme. Electromagnetic Articulography (EMA) and ultrasound results from 10 speakers show that the two rhotic schwas were both produced exclusively with the bunching of the tongue body...

An experiment was carried out at the Tissue culture laboratory, micro-propagation unit under RKVY, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, West Bengal during the year 2021-2023. Eight different citrus species i.e., NRCC 1, NRCC 2 (Rough lemon x Troyer citrange), NRCC 3 (Rough lemon x Troyer citrange), NRCC 4 (Rough lemon x Trifoliate orange),...

Bilingualism has been shown to modulate neural mechanisms of auditory selective attention, due to the constant need to select the target language and inhibit the unwanted ones. To investigate the impact of typological similarity between bilinguals’ languages on attentional modulation, this study investigated the neural adaptation of selective atten...

The Yi language is a unique language spoken by the Yi minority in China. Despite Mengzi City having one of the largest Yi populations in Yunnan Province, there are very few studies about the Yi language from an ecolinguistics perspective in this region. The primary aim of this study is to investigate language competence, language use, and language...

Background Persistent cough is one of the most frequent complications following lung cancer surgery. To promote optimal recovery, we conducted a study to investigate the trajectories of coughing symptoms and their impact on quality of life (QOL), as well as to identify potential risk factors of persistent cough after pulmonary resection (CAP). Met...

A magnetic adsorbent based on a C-nanofiber (Fe3O4@C–NFs) nanocomposite was synthesized using a simple one-pot co-precipitation method. The characterized results showed that the obtained C–nanofiber–coated magnetic nanoparticles had many attractive features such as a large specific surface area and a highly interwoven and branched mesoporous struct...

Cold is one of the major limiting factors for citrus production, particularly extreme cold waves. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop cold-tolerant varieties and clarify their cold tolerance mechanisms in citrus breeding. In this study, comparative transcriptomic and physiological analyses were performed to dissect the cold tolerance me...

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is one of the serious diseases of loquat, but diversification of the species of Colletotrichum associated with loquat in Japan has not been adequately surveyed. In this study, 46 isolates were isolated from diseased leaves and fruits of loquat in Kagawa and Tokushima prefectures in 2017 and 2018. Using a...

2023). Mandarin Chinese version of the Aging Voice Index. Laryngoscope, 8(4), 980-988. • In conclusion, the study revealed 10.64% older adults self-reporting swallowing difficulties and 14.89% self-reporting voice difficulties • These preliminary findings indicate age-related red flags in the physiology of larynx; a larger sample study is however w...

The largest fruit in Nepal is citrus, which takes up 2684 of the country's total fruit-growing land. 71.65% of the nation's citrus-growing land is devoted to the planting of citrus called mandarin oranges. Pectin is a structural hetero-polysaccharide that is integral to the motion of terrestrial flora. The fact some components are becoming resistan...

Objective To understand the digital literacy and attitudes towards telehealth of Asian limited-English proficient (LEP) patients at Asian Health Services in Alameda County, California. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 814 patients at a Federally Qualified Health Center in Burmese, Cantonese, English, Khmer, Korean, Mandarin, Taga...

This thesis presents an empirically oriented investigation into Mandarin-Chinese control and complementation. It provides an in-depth systematic classification of Chinese matrix predicates based on their control and complementation properties. The classification draws on a range of diagnostics, including cross-linguistically valid ones and language...

Citrus fruits are popular among consumers because of their flavor, health-beneficial properties, and nutritional value. The peel and flesh pigmentation of different citrus species and cultivars ranges from green, to yellow, orange, pink, and red. Pigmentation is influenced by genetics, environmental conditions, and tree management. Mature, edible f...

To analyze the association between stable asymptomatic white matter lesions (WMLs) and the cochlear implantation (CI) effect in congenitally deaf children, 43 CI children with stable asymptomatic WMLs determined via preoperative assessments and 86 peers with normal white matter were included. Outcome measurements included closed-set Mandarin Chines...

Efficient extraction of bioactive compounds with minimal environmental impact is a significant challenge. Among these compounds, carotenoids, natural pigments found in abundance in citrus peels, are of particular interest due to their potential health benefits. However, traditional extraction methods often involve the high consumption of energy and...

The use of English as a global language has led to a growing number of non-native English speakers, including Chinese learners, who speak English with an accent influenced by their first language. This phenomenon can be explained by the mutual exclusivity assumption, which means that our first language will interfere with the second language acquis...