Science topic

Mammography - Science topic

Radiographic examination of the breast.
Questions related to Mammography
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
1 answer
Could you please help me find a source for Detection and segmentation by Hybrid Deep Learning EfficientNetV2 and Vision Transformer (EffNetV2-ViT) Model for Breast Cancer using medical mammography images ;
Relevant answer
Answer
Up
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
12 answers
do I have to download each image alone an register it as .jpeg or is there another way to download the entire database?
Relevant answer
Answer
Pedro Henrique Bandeira Diniz
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
It is essential for projection radiography and mammography machines to undergo quality control checks or testing to ensure the machines are operating acceptably and optimally. The tests could be subjective or objective. Objective tests can include modulation transfer function, noise power spectrum, and detective quantum efficiency. Can any explain in a simple way the modulation transfer function, noise power spectrum, and detective quantum efficiency? If you have references, kindly please provide. Thank you!
Relevant answer
Answer
Dr. Robert M Nishikawa has some slides from an AAPM presentation that explain this. You may want to start with this and explore his references to answer the questions you are asking.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
7 answers
I need to use BCDR mammography database (http://bcdr.inegi.up.pt/patient/list). But it includes 4 different mammogram images (LMLO,RMLO,LCC,RCC) for each patient. I am confused with those images. I need to detect microcalcifications on mammograms. Which image do I need to use for this purpose?
Relevant answer
Answer
Where we can download the BCDR mammo database (especially the Digital part of the collection) ? No one seems to answer from the official site. Anyone who can provide a download link?
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
I’m currently undertaking a systematic review comparing Digital Breast Tomosynthesis with Digital Mammography vs. Digital Mammography alone. There are 6 studies that are all prospective and the same
population undergo both DM+DBT and DM alone, 1 is a randomised controlled trial and the remaining 5 are cohort studies.
they all comment on Cancer detection rate, recall rate, positive predicitive value after recall and false positive predictive value after recall.
there is no mention of specificity.
I would greatly appreciate any approach statistical methods in regards to this.
can this data be put into forest plots?- if so how do I do this?
should risk ratios be adopted? How is this then placed into Stata.
I don’t believe I can produce meta-analysis due to heterogeneity.
Relevant answer
1- Berwanger, Otávio et al. Como avaliar criticamente revisões sistemáticas e metanálises?. Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva [online]. 2007, v. 19, n. 4 [Acessado 8 Maio 2022] , pp. 475-480. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-507X2007000400012>. Epub 22 Jan 2008. ISSN 1982-4335. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-507X2007000400012.
2- Legramanti Rodrigues C, Klarmann Ziegelmann P. Metanálise: Um Guia Prático. Clin Biomed Res [Internet]. 2011Jan.11 [cited 2022May8];30(4). Available from: https://www.seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpa/article/view/16571
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
6 answers
I am looking for standard Mammography Dataset. It would be appreciated if any body share it.
Thankx
Relevant answer
Answer
The Mini-DDSM (45GB) is updated and available now for direct download (.png format) at: https://www.kaggle.com/cheddad/miniddsm2
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
How to calculate dose using effective atomic numbers ?
How it (Zeff) is helpful in medical imaging like CT Scan and Mammography ?
Relevant answer
Answer
This would be a great question to post in our new free medical imaging question and answer forum ( www.imagingQA.com ), there are a number of CT experts in the community. If useful, please feel free to open a new topic at the link below :
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
2 answers
I am currently developing a mammography phantom that has an MTF edge portion. The MTF portion is used to test the resolution of the digital mammography unit. My MTF is made of stainless steel with a thickness of 0.8mm and a dimension of 40mm x 40mm.
After exposing the phantom, I have an image of the MTF (a square object with very high attenuation compared to the background). I don't know what the next step is, analyze it or determine the MTF from that image. I just know that you need to put the ROI between the edge and the background. Is there a way I can manually determine the MTF edge of the system? Can you provide me an article or steps on how to do so. Or do I really need software to do determine the MTF? What software can I use to determine the MTF edge? Can you suggest software and the steps on how to determine the MTF from that software.
My alternative way of measuring the MTF of the system is to use a high attenuating material and bar pattern materials. So this MTF is made of a copper sheet (0.2-mm thick), a copper wire that forms 2lp/mm and 4lp/mm, and a transparent area (PMMA). I got this from IEC, and the method of determining the MTF is easy. But this kind of configuration is not used in any commercialized mammography phantom. Most commercialized mammography phantoms used MTF edge. That's why I prefer the 1st MTF configuration.
Do you know the difference between MTF edge and MTF bar pattern?
I really appreciate any help you can provide. Thank you!
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Neil
To calcultad the MTF from edges or slits method you can use some available free softwares. I suggest the following:
(PDF) Free software for performing physical analysis of systems for digital radiography and mammography (DOI: 10.1118/1.4870955)
Best, Alessandra
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
7 answers
I am trying to build a low-cost Mammography Phantom. A portion of my phantom needs a low-contrast object. I am not sure what material to use. Aluminum is a great potential for a low-contrast material. Still, no article or journal proves that Aluminum is really used for low-contrast material, and I am not sure what aluminum represents in the breast anatomy. There is a suggestion to use air. The PMMA is drilled with varying depths which makes the air with different "thicknesses" be a low-contrast object.
Btw, the low-contrast object that I am going to use is between the blocks of PMMA.
What low contrast materials can I use for Mammography Phantom? Can you provide an article that proves that the material can be used as a low-contrast?
Thank you!
Relevant answer
Answer
Detection of small low-contrast objects in mammography: effect of viewbox masking and luminance
J Wang 1, J E Gray
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
10 answers
Hello,
The above Link i tired for downloading the DDSM dataset. I am able to download only single case.Iam not able to download entire dataset or entire volume at a time.
Relevant answer
Answer
The Mini-DDSM: When it comes to healthcare, public and private organisations alike are reluctant to share their "wealth” and the "oil" of the modern age, data (i.e., mammograms), with the scientific community (at least not without a long list of conditions and restrains) which is very unfortunate. Hence, seeing many posts asking on how to access the DDSM data set, I introduce the Mini-DDSM. Though not the perfect choice but it is better than nothing. It is the thumbnail version of the popular DDSM (Digital Database for Screening Mammography) data set which currently is obsolete. To answer the nagging question why Mini-DDSM, it is important to know that the DDSM database has a website maintained at the University of South Florida for purposes of keeping it accessible on the web. However, image files are compressed with lossless JPEG (i.e., “.LJPEG”) encoding that are generated using a broken software (or at least an outdated tool as described on the DDSM website). CBIS-DDSM provides an alternative host of the original DDSM, but unfortunately, images are stripped from their original identification filename and from the age attribute. Therefore, we retrieved the thumbnail images and stored them in their respective classes in PNG format (for easy access). You do not need to sign up or provide your information, go to the following link and get it: https://ardisdataset.github.io/MiniDDSM/
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
9 answers
I have some mammogram images which are too large. How can I reduce size of images into 8 bits?
Relevant answer
Answer
You can read this article:
Mammogram Image Size Reduction Using 16-8 bit Conversion Technique
Regards
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
18 answers
We are working on mammogram images. And want to detection the bounded of the tumor via the segmentation method. Specifically, we like to use ACTIVE contour and level set technique. But do not clearly understand the difference between them.
Relevant answer
Answer
There are two main approaches in active contours based on the mathematic implementation: snakes and level sets. Snakes explicitly move predefined snake points based on an energy minimization scheme, while level set approaches movecontours implicitly as a particular level of a function.
Regards,
Shafagat
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
9 answers
Hi every one I hope all of you are fine, I am working In image processing, and  I have got  some  breast cancer images Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM)  to do segmentation of the disease area , but the images I have got are LJPEG file, so any one can tell me how to open this kind of images, or how to convert this kind of images to TIF or JPG file
best regards
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
To classify a tumor in digital mammogram images, I have tested several families of features like ho moments, harralik moments, co-occurrence matrix and walwet.
What are the most appropriate features?
Relevant answer
well, it depends of your application and specially about your image type. How much it' s dense and the kind of the image texture;;;;
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
en la imagen diagnostica aparece el nombre de cada imagen CCD, CCI deseo borrar la imagen del nombre alguien me puede ayudar agradezco su ayuda , gracias
Relevant answer
Alfredo Becerra La forma más sencilla en la que he logrado esto es volver binaria la imagen, identificar clústeres, conservar el clúster más grande y utilizando este como máscara, recuperar la imagen original. De esa manera, quedaría solo la imagen de la mama. Podrías aplicar el mismo código independientemente de la proyección.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
4 answers
Current research challenges in breast imaging using deep learning or ensemble algorithm, Tesoro Flow, Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Relevant answer
Answer
There is a huge gap between the paper and landing of AI on medical. The fact is that some paper just publish toy model with off-the-shelf tool (all kinds of CNN model and opencv) to run the accuracy and metrics without understanding of the details. These models are hard to extend to real scenarios of images with local complex ROI. Resort to some top conference like CVPR and MICCAI as well as some top journals in medical diagnosis. There is also standard open dataset online with order of 10GB and 100GB. If your model can handle that, then your research make sense.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
2 answers
hallo, I need to find literature on comparison about PPV and IC (interval cancer) in screening mammography between women with breast prosthesis and without. Is there a difference?
thank you very much indeed for any help you can give to me.
Cristina Poggi, mammographer in Tuscany, Italy
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you for answering, Robert. I still can't find anything interesting more recent than 2003... I'll keep on searching. thanks again.
Cristina
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
Does the advanced mammography have the ability to change the type of the used filter according to the type of the breast density (dense or non-dense) in one machine today? Can this property available in one machine instead using many machines for each filter?
I mean dense breast that is highly composed of milk glands and ducts, & supportive tissues rather than fatty tissues.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
I am searching for free image analysis softwares especially for calculating volume and density of breast images.
Relevant answer
Answer
For these kind of analysis you can easily use:
ITK-snap (only nifti)
ImageJ (Dicom and nifti)
MRIcro (Dicom and nifti)
Radiant viewer (only Dicom)
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
Hello, we have LO gradient based smoothing technique for natural images. can we expect same performance for medical images also like Mammography?
Relevant answer
Answer
The natural images have different characteristics as compared to the mammography images. Thus they may or may not work as they work on the natural images.
But if you include the residual with the L0 gradient and tune the parameter, it will definitely improve the mammography images.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
5 answers
I am working on masses classifcation into benign and malignant. So, segmentation and detecting the tumour are out of my project scope. Therefore, I need mammogram dataset that is pre-cropped (ROIs cut out mammograms) to apply my algorithm in classifying the tumour into malignant or benign.
Any help is highly appreciated.
Thank you
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
4 answers
I'm planning to use Geant4 to calculate the effective dose for mammography examination but I faced two problems:
1. I was trying to use the human phantom in advance example but some of the organs eg liver, lung and thyroid etc are missing. People suggests I could use XCAT phantom but it is quite expensive and I'm not so sure whether this phantom is suitable for mammography dosimetry or not?
2. Unlike PET or SPECT in GATE there are no benchmark for mammography unit do I need to build it from scratch? Even I modeled the mammography unit I cannot verify my simulation results...
Relevant answer
Answer
The license policy shouldn't be unfriendly. We're always glad to help as far as I know.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
6 answers
Please tell me, how to download mammography image for dataset training and testing for breast cancer detection.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Desi,
there are many website that give images for dataset of mammography. for example:
The mini-MIAS database of mammograms
DDSM: Digital Database for Screening Mammography
I hope that you benefit for it.
regards
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
Most available diagnostic methods for early detection of breast cancer detect tumor after it had reached a relatively dangerous size concerning tumor pathogenesity. Besides , most are either invasive or harmful of of limited applications.e.g:fna, mammography,C.T scan and others.
Relevant answer
Answer
Genetic Screening BREAST CANCER GENE1 and BREAST CANCER GENE2
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
 any data set of contrast-enhanced
digital mammography
Relevant answer
Answer
Check the following paper:
I hope it helps you!
Cheers!
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
6 answers
I processed a set of mammograpic images to improve the contrast and calculated five quality measures based on regions of interest. The improvement is based on wavelet transform.
Experimentation was performed with a set of wavelets bases and all combinations of decomposition levels to be processed, i.e. all subsets of decomposition levels. For example, I process the combination {1,2,3}, but also {1,2,4}, etc. The size of computation depends on the maximum level of decomposition of the wavelet base.
The question is: how to choose the best wavelet base and the best combination of decomposition levels to process according to the improvement measures used?
Relevant answer
Answer
There are not general rules. It depends on application. The decomposition level must be small enough, to work with sub-bands containing a number of coefficients statistically significant. The decomposition level must be sufficiently big to obtain relevant wavelet coefficients magnitude values of the noiseless component of the input.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
11 answers
A 41 yrs old woman with a 2*2 cm in UOQ left breast cancer and reactive node in axial at USO. Her mother  had breast cancer at 50 yrs and BRCA mutation.Mamography  showed only mass.What is your plan Mastectomy or BCT?
Relevant answer
Answer
NCCN Guidelines Version 1.2016 Invasive Breast Cancer
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS TO BREAST-CONSERVING THERAPY REQUIRING RADIATION THERAPY Contraindications for breast-conserving therapy requiring radiation therapy include:
Absolute:
• Radiation therapy during pregnancy
• Diffuse suspicious or malignant-appearing microcalci cations
• Widespread disease that cannot be incorporated by local excision through a single incision that achieves negative margins with a
satisfactory cosmetic result 1 • Diffusely positive pathologic margins
Relative:
• Prior radiation therapy to the chest wall or breast; knowledge of doses and volumes prescribed is essential. • Active connective tissue disease involving the skin (especially scleroderma and lupus)
• Tumors >5 cm (category 2B)
• Positive pathologic margin1
Women with a known or suspected genetic predisposition to breast cancer:
May have an increased risk of ipsilateral breast recurrence or contralateral breast cancer with breast-conserving therapy Prophylactic bilateral mastectomy for risk reduction may be considered.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
1 answer
Is there an online database to decrease unnecessary breast biopsies according to suspicious mammogram results to detect breast cancer. Database should include breast imaging reports, biopsy reports, and clinical notes.
Thanks in advance,
Pınar.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
1 answer
It is known that younger women in general often have higher mammographic density breast tissue, and the vast majority have no cancer. Did you try to adjust your findings to patient age?
Relevant answer
Answer
Age is a known potential confounder one must always adjust for age . You can use regressin model or can simply do stratified analysis for various age groups from your data
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
5 answers
I want to set up an immunofluorescence staining just to check my spheres and use an inverted microscope instead of confocal. Has anybody tried it? Any tips to collect and fix spheres?
Relevant answer
Hello Christopher,
Its wonderful explanation.
Thanks
Uma
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
Hello I'm searching for studies about opportunistic versus controlled/organized/popoulation-based mammography student for my bachelor paper, can anybody help me? Thank you for helping me.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Sarah, 
I know an excellent publication (in italian though) by Paola Mantellini (Mantellini, I costi dello screening) that you may find through the website of the Osservatorio Nazionale Screening
Alfonso Frigerio
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
4 answers
The recent guidelines published by the American Cancer Society recommends beginning at age 45 for screening to begin, in contrast to the U.S Preventive Services Taskforce of  age 50. The average age in which fmales are diagnosed is between age 58 to 61. However, in AA women risk is early prior to age 40. I can understand a coomom ground related overall age, however young woman are in the spotlight and need if nothing else a clinical breast exam.. The American Cancer Society makes a broad statement, " Due to this lack of evidence, regular clinical breast exam and breast self-exam are not recommended." I'm not sure I can agree on the later part. Would someone clarify the  statement.
Relevant answer
Answer
The issue of cost reduction and adopting other countries model is without a doubt of what has occurred, however we need to address popu!ation studies more closely related to African American, Sub-Sahan women and Hispanic women relatec to mammography.  Early detection does save lives, I have mixed messages because the BSE and Clinical Breast Exam do not have a cost. So without any type of pre diagnostics the only avenue will be the mammogram. The problem is utilization is lower. 
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
4 answers
currently digital tomosynthesis is using for detection of breast cancer in a early stage, is it gives accurate results than mammography?
Relevant answer
Answer
Tomosynthesis is a three-dimensional mammographic examination that can minimize the effects of structure overlap within the breast. In digital tomosynthesis technique multiple images of the breast are acquired at different angles during a sweep of the x-ray tube allowing radiologists to see around overlapping structures.
Please find attached a pdf file with a lot of informations about the advantages
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
I am vigneshwaran, PG student doing a project on detection of micro calcifications in mammogram image, any one knows the procedure for my question please answer me.
thank you
Relevant answer
Answer
thank you sir
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
4 answers
Proposing to increase mammography screening in this population with a faith-based breast cancer education program.
Relevant answer
Answer
Champion, V.L., Skinner, C.S., Menon, U., Rawl, S., Giesler, R.B., Monahan, P. & Daggy, J. (2004). A breast cancer fear scale: psychometric development. Journal of health psychology, 9(6), 753–762.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
9 answers
Hologic is the only company that generates it I presume? It seems to me that it is not a RAW data but a DICOM images.
Relevant answer
Answer
I assume you are talking about tomosynthesis data, and want the original projection images that were acquired and used to create the reconstructed slices that the radiologist interprets. There is a (relatively new) DICOM standard object for them, but it is not widely implemented yet. Hologic encodes them in secondary capture objects that contain the pixel data in private data elements in which the data is JPEG-LS compressed but with the marker segments removed (see Dave Harvey's description in comp.protocols.dicom). GE encodes them as a bunch of single frame MG objects. Samples of Hologic and GE are available at the links below.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
Hello everyone
I am looking for DDSM (Digital Database for Screening Mammography) ground truth images. Please if anyone has these ground truth images send them to me or tell me how can I get them.
Best regards to all.
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello,
You can see my research paper and a Matlab code attached herewith. To get the high quality mammogram image with the ROI, you have to use the matlab function get_ddsm_groundtruth(filename), where "filename" is the name of overlay file. You can save this file directly from the DDSM site. For example : ftp://figment.csee.usf.edu/pub/DDSM/cases/cancers/cancer_05/case0031/
Use "Save link as". with the mouse right key.
The Matlab command returns a white ROI using the chain code in the overlay file. With slight modification in this code you can get your desired image.
Regards.
Arbab Masood Ahmad
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
11 answers
As a radiologist, interested in cancer imaging, i came across a publication
(Atoum, 2012), that could show correlation between elevated CA 15-3 and stage II-III breast cancer.
Of course CA 15-3 cannot detect early stage breast cancer and is therefore not recommended in screening (Duffy, 2006). 
But sometimes it can be challenging to find a 2-3 cm diffusely infiltrating breast cancer in asymptomatic - especially premenopausal - women with dense tissue (Buist, 2004. Kolb, 2002).
A serum marker might be helpful to select patients for further evaluation, e.g. Breast-MRI, tomosynthesis or ultrasound, in order to find “medium size” breast cancers, that otherwise would go undetected by mammography for quite a while with worsening prognosis.
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you for your contributions! Yes, the idea is a simple blood test as a guide to apply further evaluation. maybe a good example is HCC-screening using AFP in patients with liver cirrhosis at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. the key for success is a proper selection of patients with a high pre-test probability.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
6 answers
I would like to use ASM in mammography images to detect blob like tumor. Which shape description will suitable suit for this purpose and how the shape correspondence will take place?
Relevant answer
Answer
 Hi,
I am not familiar with tumors in mammography but you have to remember that ASMs assume a normal distribution of the shape you're trying to model and then to segment. So if the shape of such blobs can be almost anything then the ASM you will have been built will not be as powerful as you might hope.
Assuming these blobs satisfy the normal distribution assumption and you have been able to build such a model, you are still at risk of losing the correspondences even with some good segmentation results. Correspondences are like landmarks only hundreds or thousands of them. If they exist on well defined shapes like bones, you have to decide if they genuinely exist on the shape you're trying to model. Since you describe your object as blob like, I doubt it. For example, in 3d, by looking at a bone and with experience, you can say which part you're looking at, even if you look closely ; if you look at a rugby ball, that's not true anymore all the points are pretty much similar apart from the two poles ; if you look at a soccer ball you can't tell any point from another one : there is no landmark, in other terms there is no correspondences. In 2d the problem is the same, one dimension removed: if your object looks pretty much like a circle or a disk, there is no correspondences. Once again, it doesn't mean an ASM wouldn't work although it wouldn't be as good as you might hope.
May I ask you why you want to use an ASM? If I were to do it, I would probably use voxel classification, something like random forest for example.
Good luck,
Gwenael
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
I am working on detection of breast cancer using thermal infrared images. I am in need of a thermal image database for breast cancer. Like mini MIAS database, whether there is database for thermal infrared images for breast cancer . If anyone knows please help me.
Thank you.
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you sir I am waiting for you replies.I am very much interested in studying about DITI so please help me sir.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
2 answers
I am working in detection of microcalcification using thermal infrared images. I am in need of some papers or articles related to detection of microcalcifications in thermal images(breast cancer).If any one knows please help me.
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you sir 
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
6 answers
I am working on the detection of breast cancer using thermal infrared images. I am in need of some papers or articles related to classification of benign and malignant tumors in thermal images(breast cancer). If anyone knows please help me.
Relevant answer
Answer
You're most welcome Mr Waran 
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
5 answers
How I can improve contrast in mammography images
Relevant answer
Answer
refer" histrogram based local contraxt enhancement in mammogram image"in applied soft computing
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
2 answers
I'm in purchase decision process for use in a research project.
Relevant answer
Answer
Yes, if you already have TOR MAS phantom or similar. The TOR MAM is actually intended to perform a check by visual assessment, but of course this will not be a proper calibration of the scanner, that should be done with a proper calibration phantom.
I suggest that for proper calibration you buy the TOR MAS, that is much more standard. If you already have this, then you can go to the TOR MAM that will allow you to do complementary tests.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
5 answers
The wavelets approach to image processing consists in decomposition, coefficients processing and reconstruction. How I process the coefficients?
Relevant answer
Answer
S. Singh, K. Bovis, An evaluation of contrast enhancement techniques for mammographic breast masses, IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed. 9(1)(2005)109–119.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
7 answers
Hi
As you know mini-MIAS dataset contains mammogarm images.
I have a problem. I show you one of the imges which I have determined the location of abnormality based on the coordinates I have from this page:
for image : mdb028 F CIRC M 338 314 56
the corresponding image is attached.
I think the coordinates doesn't match the abnormality.
if you see the attached image, it is clear that in this coordinate , No abnormality exist.
please help me if I think wrong.I am waiting for your response.
Relevant answer
Answer
You're welcome.  Glad it worked for you.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
4 answers
I am vigneshwaran, PG student doing a project on DETECTION OF MICRO CALCIFICATIONS IN MAMMOGRAM IMAGE, any one knows the procedure for my question please answer me.
Relevant answer
Answer
Filtering noise on mammographic phantom images using local contrast modification functions
Original Research Article
Image and Vision Computing, Volume 26, Issue 9, 1 September 2008, Pages 1219-1229
Mouloud Adel, Daniel Zuwala, Monique Rasigni, Salah Bourennane
McLoughlin KJ1, Bones PJ, Karssemeijer N. Noise equalization for detection of microcalcification clusters in direct digital mammogram images. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2004 Mar;23(3):313-20.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
1 answer
I need to know if there is something easy to be downloaded from the net
Relevant answer
Answer
you can view my article in the journal BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING APPLICATION BASIS COMMUNICATION- EFFICIENT EDGE EMPHASIZED MAMMOGRAM IMAGE ENHANCEMENT FOR DETECTION OF MICRO-CALCIFICATION 
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
7 answers
Hi. I am deriving mammospheres from MB231 and MCF7 cell lines, and have been finding it hard to find a proper way to assess and count the mammospheres clusters. Basically, I have them in 6-well low attachment plates, which makes it a bit impossible to take a picture with a camera from the whole plate, so that I can analyze it in Image J, for example. I also tried to do a 96-plate sequential scheme, but although it might be easier, the whole field of the well does not fit within the camera's frame. Since they are suspension cells, I don't think I can fixate and stain them with crystal violet. Does anyone have a good tip for overcoming this? Thanks in advance
Relevant answer
Answer
try to take at least 15-20 pictures per well and count with imageJ. this is acceptable by journal reviewers. we fixed and stain them as well. we did both cryo section and staining on whole spheroids. to begin with using 1ml tips take media and spheroids in eppendorf and allow them to setttle down, care fully suck the media with 1ml tips only, do not use centrifugation or vacuums. All steps have been performed at room temp, using room temp reagents. I have been removing the media (and all subsequent washes/incubations) using a pipette (not an aspirator), fixing cells in 3% PFA for 30 min (3X PBS wash), permeablising in 0.5% T-X100 for 10 min (3X PBS wash) and blocking in 8% BSA-PBS + 0.01% Tween20 for 30 min (3X PBS wash). This is followed by RT Ab incubation, primary 3 hours RT, secondary 1 hour RT, before removing plastic wells and covering slide with a glass coverslip. for cryo section please find the protocol published in 
Good Luck
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
5 answers
From the image itself presence of microcalcification should be detected. Not through any classification
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Collegue,
other 3 tecniques are photon counting mammography and PEM positron emission mammography and tomosyntesis mammography. About this last tecnique there many papers in literature, not the same for PEM and Photon conting mammography
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
2 answers
What is a reasonable distance in mm when applying registration on longitudinal mammograms images ? I would like some state of art measure or personal opinion of some clinical/radiographic specialist.
Relevant answer
Answer
As I stated earlier,  the interested distance was in mm (measure closer to clinicians). I found something from 2 to 4 mm. Something in a real setting definitely will be larger than 1 pixel. The standard is 5 pixels per mm. 
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
2 answers
Breast screening.
Relevant answer
Answer
 Breast tomosynthesis it is like to conventional tomography. However,  In digital tomosynthesis, only a limited rotation angle (e.g., 15-60 degrees) with a lower number of discrete exposures (e.g., 7-51) than CT. This incomplete set of projections is digitally processed to yield images similar to conventional tomography with a limited depth of field. However, because the image processing is digital, a series of slices at different depths and with different thicknesses can be reconstructed from the same acquisition, saving both time and radiation exposure. 
Reconstruction algorithms for tomosynthesis are different from those of conventional CT because the conventional filtered back projection algorithm requires a complete set of data. Iterative algorithms based upon expectation maximization are most commonly used, but are computationally intensive.
.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
1 answer
Basing on the mammography images the lump was seen in the images with that the size of the lump will measure by the image processing technique in the Artificial neural network we can conclude the stage of breast cancer.. bcoz i studied that basing on the size lump the stage of the breast cancer will detected is it correct suggest me plz
Relevant answer
Answer
Could  you  please  upload  one  literature  that  suggests that? Let  us  see  what  they  studied  and  what  they  said. Thanks.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
20 answers
I spent a lot of time looking for it, thanks a lot in advance
Relevant answer
Answer
I have the database for digital mammogram which is older one and the ground truth information is available
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
1 answer
Potential utilisation of XR-QA2 films in mammography dosimetry.
Relevant answer
Answer
It depends on what you need to measure. The XR-QA2 is for general radiography use, including mammo, and can be used also for dosimetry, better in conjunction with an anthropomorphic phantom. For skind dose you could use the XR-RV3, but the energy range starts at 30 keV instead of 20 keV as for the other. There is also a XR-M2 film specially for mammo, but I never saw it used for dosimetry, it is more for QA tests.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
4 answers
The question is addressed to people, who use methodology described in the "European Guidelines 4th Edition" to calculate average glandular dose.
The dose is calculated as K*g*c*s, where 'K' stands for kerma, and g/c/s are factors dependent on characteristics of breast and beam quality. Now an example: 50 mm of PMMA is equivalent to 60 mm of typical breast (there are some assumptions on breast composition behind it). We can assume, that the exposure will be made at the same conditions for 50 mm of PMMA and for 60 mm of breast (let's forget about spacers for a while). In both cases we have e.g. Mo/Rh, 30 kV, 100 mAs, so in both cases kerma at some specified point will be identical. G/c/s factors are the same for "typical breast simulated with 5.0 cm PMMA" and for "6.0 cm breast", thus the only will be in 'K':
a) typical breasts simulated with PMMA: in that case 'K' is kerma "at the upper surface of the PMMA";
b) clinical breast doses: 'K' is kerma "at the upper surface of the breast", closer to the source than in case (a)
Because of that difference, the 'clinical' dose will be slightly higher than the 'phantom' dose. Is there any good reason for that?
Relevant answer
Answer
"the 'clinical' dose will be slightly higher than the 'phantom' dose. Is there any good reason for that?". This slightly overestimation of the mean glandular dose without the proposed corrections has to be  brought into relation to other uncertainties, e.g. the used kV or better the measured Al-HVL which respects the hardening/roughness of the target and the used filtering or the uncertainty of the accuracy of the used dosemeter. The ISO handbook of  error estimations can help you to perform that calculation.
Without any doubt the depth dose curve is different: see comment of Hanno.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
7 answers
We frequently come across spiculated masses of 2-2.5 cm size, with thick spiculations (better seen on tomosynthesis) ; radiating for another 1.5 - 2 cm , In which case total extent of pathology reaches 5-5.5 cm.
In such cases should we include spiculations in tumour size estimation or not ?
Relevant answer
Answer
As another pathologist I'll add my voice to the chorus: the gold standard is the combination of gross and histopathology.  Radiological findings, whether from Xray-based technologies (including tomosynthesis) or MRI or ultrasound, ultimately need to be evaluated and validated by comparison with the definitive pathology examination.  Decision-making as to staging and subsequent clinical interventions depend critically on the pathological findings and less so on the imaging.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
Digital breast tomosynthesis is a tomographic mammography that generates 50 to 80 slices thru the breast at 1mm intervals. These can be reviewed in a cine mode at a user designated rate. For a 3mm lesion that would only be visible on 2 or 3 of the slices, what would be a safe upper limit for cine frame rate in order to perceive an abnormality?
Relevant answer
Answer
I wouldn't present such 3D data as cine at all...
Give the radiologists an easy tool to scroll through a volume at their own leisure, and inspect, zoom, adjust level/window of what THEY think is important.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
8 answers
I need ultrasound breast images. Kindly help me.
Relevant answer
Answer
You can find a starndard dataset here:
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
7 answers
A new research study [1], published in the British Medical Journal, has concluded that: “Annual mammography in women aged 40-59 does not reduce mortality from breast cancer beyond that of physical examination or usual care”.
This paper unavoidable controverts the Swedish study by Tabar et al [2] who concluded in a 37 percent reduction in breast cancer mortality, attributable to screening mammography.
An editorial [3] accompanying the new study, however, said that earlier studies - which concluded that mammograms helped women - were conducted before the routine use of drugs like tamoxifen that sharply reduced the breast cancer death rate. In addition, many studies did not use the gold-standard methods of the clinical trial, randomly assigning women to be screened or not.
References:
1. Miller AB et al. Twenty Five Year Follow-Up for Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study: Randomised Screening Trial. BMJ. 2014
2. Tabár L et al. Swedish two-county trial: impact of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality during 3 decades. Radiology. 2011
3. Kalager M et al. Too much mammography. BMJ. 2014
Relevant answer
Answer
Alain L. Fymat - International Institute of Medicine and Science
Mammography for breast cancer screening for women parallels the PSA test in men. This imaging test uses low-energy X-radiation to examine the human (female but also male) breast. It is used both as a screening and a diagnostic test.
The goal of any screening procedure is to examine a large population of patients to find that small number most likely to have a serious condition. These patients are then referred for further, usually more invasive, testing. Thus a screening exam is not intended to be definitive, rather to have sufficient sensitivity to detect a useful proportion of cancers. The cost of higher sensitivity is a larger number of results that would be regarded as suspicious in patients without disease. In mammography, the goal is the early detection of breast cancer through the detection of characteristic masses and/or micro-calcifications. Its use as a screening tool for the detection of early breast cancer in otherwise healthy women without symptoms is controversial.
Like all X-rays, mammograms use doses of ionizing radiation (lower than those employed in bone radiography) to create images that are subsequently analyzed for any abnormal findings. Adjunct procedures to mammography are:
Ultrasound: For further evaluation of masses, including palpable masses not seen on mammograms;
Ductography (not generally used): For further evaluation of questionable findings as well as for screening pre-surgical evaluation in patients with known breat cancer to detect any additional lesions that might change the surgical approach, for instance from breast-conserving lumpectomy to mastectomy;
Magnetic resonance mammography: For greater spatial resolution of mammographic tissue imaging;
Positron emission mammography; and
New procedures, including breast tomosynthesis.
Currently recommended guidelines for having mammography screening tests for the average woman are:
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2009): Screening of women aged between 40 and 49 should not be routine but based on individual's risk factors and values (because the benefits of screenings do not outweigh the risks). Every two years between the ages of 50 and 74;
American Cancer Society, American College of Radiology, American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Annually beginning at age 40;
National Cancer Institute: Every one to two years for women ages 40 to 49;
American College of Physicians: Individualized screening plans as opposed to wholesale biannual screening of women aged 40 to 49;
Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (2012): Every 2–3 years between the ages of 50 and 69. It found that for women aged 50–69, screening 720 women once every 2–3 years for 11 years would prevent 1 death from breast cancer. For women age 40-49, 2100 women would need to be screened at the same frequency and period to prevent 1 death from breast cancer; and
European Cancer Observatory (2011): Every 2–3 years between the ages of 50 and 69.
The reports from the above task forces note that the risks of more frequent mammograms include a small but significant increase in breast cancer induced by radiation, a risk that is greater for younger women.
On the other hand, the Cochrane Collaboration (2011) analysis of screening further concluded that: “Mammograms reduce mortality from breast cancer by an absolute amount of 0.05% or a relative amount of 15%, but also result in unnecessary surgery and anxiety such that it is not clear whether mammography screening does more good than harm... and that universal screening may not be reasonable”. It also states that “the best quality evidence does not demonstrate a reduction in mortality generally or a reduction in mortality from all types of cancer from screening mammography”.
In addition, the Nordic Cochrane Collection (2012) states that “advances in diagnosis and treatment make mammography screening no longer effective today in decreasing deaths in breast cancer, and therefore no longer recommend routine screening for healthy women at any age as the risks might outweigh the benefits... and warns of misleading information on the internet”. Further, their analysis showed that “one in 2,000 women will have her life prolonged by 10 years of screening, however, another 10 healthy women will undergo unnecessary breast cancer treatment. Additionally, 200 women will suffer from significant psychological stress due to false positive results”.
Repeated mammography starting at age 50 saves about 1.8 lives over 15 years for every 1,000 women screened.This result must be gauged against the negatives of errors in diagnosis, over-treatment and radiation exposure. Also, Dr. Newman points out that screening mammography does not reduce death overall, but causes significant harm by inflicting cancer scare and unnecessary surgical interventions.
About 7% (more realistically, 10%-15%) of women screened with mammography will be called back (with great distress) for a diagnostic session. However, most of these recalls will result in “false positive” results. For 1,000 recalls, about 60 will have benign growths and 10 will be referred for a biopsy (of which about 3.5 will have a cancer of which about 2 will be a low stage cancer that will be essentially cured after treatment, and 6.5 will not).
Mammography may also produce “false negatives” (not seeing the cancer), usually around 10%–30%, due to (a) observer error, (b) cancer hidden by other dense tissue in the breast, and (c) cancer overlapping normal tissues. Furthermore, one form of breast cancer, lobular cancer, has a growth pattern that produces shadows on the mammogram which are indistinguishable from normal breast tissue.A meta-analysis review of programs in countries with organized screening found 52% over-diagnosis.
Women whose breast cancer was detected by screening mammography before the appearance of a lump or other symptoms commonly assume that the mammogram "saved their lives". In practice, the vast majority of these women received no practical benefit from the mammogram. There are four categories of cancers found by mammography:
Cancers that are so easily treated that a later detection would have produced the same total cure (that is, the woman would have lived even without mammography);
Cancers so aggressive that even "early" detection is too late (the woman dies despite detection by mammography);
Cancers that would have receded on their own or are so slow-growing that the woman would die of other causes before the cancer produces symptoms (mammography results in over-diagnosis and over-treatment); and
The small number of breast cancers that are detected by screening mammography and whose treatment outcome improves as a result of earlier detection.
Clinical trial data suggests that 1 woman per 1,000 healthy women screened over 10 years falls into this category. Screening mammography produces no benefit to any of the remaining 87% to 97% of women.
In summary: The guidelines for screening mammography advocated by the several professional associations or/and governmental organizations are conflicting and even confusing. Would it not be helpful for patients if these entities were to agree to a uniform set of guidelines (even though these would still be “guidelines”)? Further, because mass screening as a tool for the detection of early breast cancer in otherwise healthy women without symptoms is controversial, shouldn't this screening be conducted on an individual basis and only in case of significant risk? Still further, since the radiation sensitivity of the breast in women under age 35 is greater than in older women, should it not be generally imperative that these women be screened only if there is a significant risk of cancer (such as, BrCa positive, very positive family history, palpable mass) and even in these circumstances to employ ultrasound or magnetic resonance for imaging? Also, and likewise, should screening of women aged between 40 and 49 not be routine but based on individual's risk factors and values (because the benefits of screenings do not outweigh the risks)? Additionally, beyond age 50, should screening not be conducted systematically and only infrequently at appropriate time intervals to be defined? Lastly, based on the important Cochrane Collaboration and the Nordic Cochrane Collection, should not routine screening be discouraged for healthy women of any age as the risks might outweigh the benefits? The above provides more evidence that population medicine (in this case, mass screening) disregards individual variability and promotes considerably more unnecessary medical testing and procedures.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
4 answers
I require an image showing DCIS in a male although this is rare.
Relevant answer
Answer
As you know these are difficult to obtain. I did find some excellent images on google med.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
I have a quick question regarding the recently published Supplements to the "European Guidelines 4th edition". There is a PDF for download here:
I believe that "Table A5.5: Additional g-factors" is wrong. Seems that someone replaced "Breast thickness (cm)" with "Breast thickness (mm)" and multiplied g-factors by 10. Am I right, or am I missing something?
Relevant answer
Answer
You are fully correct. The breast thickness is in cm instead of mm and there is a mistake of a factor 10 in the g-factors. I will try to get this rectified/corrected. Thanks for your feedback.
Ruben van Engen
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
8 answers
I want to segment the masses from the mammogram images to reduce the false positive. Can anybody suggest a good method or some code for this? I have used morphological operation with the watershed, but it gives too many false positives and displays the over segmentation problem.
Relevant answer
Answer
It seems to me there are two distinct issues. Segmentation of a lump, and classification of it: is it benign or malignant.
For classification, just the size of it (result of segmentation) is not good enough. You will need to incorporate more features to improve your ROC curve.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
1 answer
From 2-01-2014 onwords the DDSM Mammography link page http://marathon.csee.usf.edu/Mammography/Database.html is not opening. I couldn't even open the thumbnails. Can any one help in this regard?
Relevant answer
Answer
Ping thier server first, if no response contact their system administrator, authors listed in some papers referring to it. Check if there are some mirror servers ?
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
23 answers
presently mammogram was using to detect the breast cancer, but there is any technique in ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK using to detect the breast cancer
Relevant answer
Answer
There were happy times when medicine was evidence-based, but even then there were always two roads: aggressive treatment or active observation. Usually the patient's opinion is taken into consideration: can they live with "precancerous"lesions and be happy (I know I can, especially with all the imaging techniques we have) , or it would poison their mind and they usually insist on immediate removal/aggressive treatment of the suspicious spot. The more is the danger of cancer, the more one chooses to undergo treatment (e.g., bilateral mastectomy, better scars, than death). However, Steve Jobs postponed his treatment for 9 months which he regretted later (as I read). Anyway, what I am trying to say is that "early" cancer and "pre-cancer" is close, but not necessarily stages of the same process. Something should go really wrong (on molecular level) to allow cancer to develop. Just imagine millions of cancer-initiating cells in your body appearing every minute, and how many of then will make it? To Zuzanna Mooore: what life style changes did you undertake to improve defense system?
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
4 answers
Can anyone suggest any tool/software available to predict/detect cancer from mammogram images?
Relevant answer
Answer
Hi
there are not any apropriate and specific technique or tools for this goal but with combination of tissue sampeling and histology,mamograms and other clinical and paraclinical methods we are able to diagnose cancers.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
2 answers
Is any one working on biomedical image processing?
Relevant answer
Answer
Synthetically, enhancement and segmentation are both techniques used in digital mammography for detection of microcalcifications or masses. They consist in the implementation and application of
1. image enhancement techniques such as contrast-limited histogram equalization, contrast stretching, adaptive neighborhood contrast enhancement, unsharp masking and adaptive unsharp masking;
2. adaptive treshold, adaptive treshold followed by morphological operators, treshold and difference of Gaussians, region growing of selected areas, active contours of selected areas and edge detection.
  • asked a question related to Mammography
Question
3 answers
Algorithm used for feature extraction.
Relevant answer
Answer
"Rangaraj M. Rangayyan" pls see the site of these Prof.