Mammal Taxonomy - Science topic

Slender squirrel is to be expected there. The interesting thing about Pygmy Squirrel (Excilisciurus) was that Mueller's accounts of seeing the species in Sumatra has been dismissed as erroneous by subsequent experts. That's why the hunting account is of interest (and also because we did find the species on Sumatra, so Mueller was right).

The process of fixation is irreversible - I agree to that.

But I am wondering, why you would like to rehydrate the viscera. Wouldn't it be easier to simply 'wash out' the helminths (I suspect that they are in the lumen of the intestines?), then make a cell block of the fluid and then look an it via microscope?

The capybara, capybara, chigüiro or chigüire, which is a species of rodent of the Caviidae family typical of South America, being the largest rodent in the world

support values would be low for deep branches and/or they would be unresolved (as Artur already mentioned). And COI is NOT suited to resolve deep branches. For closely related species it is fine, but also for closely related species you always have the problem that if you analyze a single gene, you will only receive a gene tree. Not the underlying species tree and that might be quite different

I thank everybody who shared their opinion on this question. I have reported C. elaphus fossilis and C. canadensis fossilis as homonyms in my recent paper:

The important argument for this conclusion is that subspecies names theoretically may be elevated to species rank, and thus those names become obvious primary homonyms as Prof. Hołyński suggested here.

Dear Andrè,

You should take a look at Fonoteca Zoológica of the National Museum of Natural Sciences, Madrid, ─ http://www.fonozoo.com/; Maculay Library of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, New York ─ https://www.macaulaylibrary.org; and the Fonoteca Neotropical Jacques Vielliard of the Campinas State University, São Paulo ─ www.2.ib.unicamp.br/fnjv/).

The are the three references for anuran calls.

Good luck,

Cristian.

I guess it depends on the subspecies...

I found information on the type series of Cuon alpinus hesperius on that website:

In all rivers around the world you can always find single bones. The bone seems undoubtedly old but an accurate dating will be difficult and costly.

Dear Charlotte, I am fully agree with Chris Samek, It is a digenean, Oral sucker is clear.But for the correct identification anterior part is completely twisted (upside down). Ventral sucker can be seen in the overlapped portion(But  not clear). Vitelline glands very clear, embryonated eggs are also visible. Testis at the posterior end , not  tandem( oblique)

With regards

Subair

... And you will find some people loooking and looooooooooooking to all genes of their dataset until they find THAT marker (in the middle of a neutral global result) that will show that HIS/HER SPECIES is statistically "real" (for example, frequencies of an allele coding for color under a strongly selective environment for that color). And the worse part: they get published in more-than-good journals. Now with RADs, for example, you could "find" a species almost everywhere, if you look enough.

Dear Dr. Ali:

Number 1: Fetus dicephalus

Number 2. It should be Arachnomelia. Please see the article by Gentile and Testoni published in Slov Vet Res 2009; 43:17-29 (page 23)(http://www.arcangelogentile.it/Files/Lavori_Scientifici/Slovenian%20veterinary%20Research.pdf).

Best Regards,

Juan

Dear Mehmet,

Thank you very much for your recommendation. I will take it into account.

All the best,

Jasmin

Dasyurus viverrinus refers to the Eastern quoll, but this specimen looks more like a spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus).  Both species are Australasian marsupials.

Dear Erik,

Ask Marta Manser: marta.manser@ieu.uzh.ch

All the best,

Indrikis

Hmm . Good question. I am wondering whether the anal scent glands shared with some carnivores could be plesiomorphic.

For anyone who's still interested, I think I may have tracked down where this rumor got started. In their 2007 paper on the ptolemaiid Kelba, Cote et al. mention the fact that (at least according to their study) researchers have tended to look outside Africa for the sister taxa of various African groups rather than looking for possible relationships with other African taxa. They mention Afrotheria as the prime example of how the previous idea may not be the case, and also mention that hyaenodontids may have originated in Africa, and they word it in such a way that it might be ambiguously interpreted as hyaenodontids possibly being afrotherians.

Yes, it was officially changed and it is pretty accepted in the literature. See some references below. Other current studies is already citing Sapajus as a valid Genus.

Bests

Alfaro JW, de Souza e Silva J, Jr., Rylands AB. How different are robust and gracile capuchin monkeys? An argument for the use of sapajus and cebus. Am J Primatol. 2012; 74: 273-286.

Lynch Alfaro JW, Boubli JP, Olson LE, Di Fiore A, Wilson B, et al. Explosive Pleistocene range expansion leads to widespread Amazonian sympatry between robust and gracile capuchin monkeys. J Biogeogr. 2012; 39: 272–288.

Mammals are endothermic and homeothermic vertebrates whose bodies are maintained according to the environmental fluctuations by the systems.  One group of therapsids, the cynodonts, gave rise during the Triassic to therians devoid of this, property. Mammals possess following skin glands: sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine), scent glands.Sweat glands are located over most of the body surface in primates. Apocrine glands, or scent glands, secrete substances that are used for chemical communication, such as in skunks. Mammary glands produce milk that is used to feed newborns. While male monotremes and eutherians possess mammary glands, male marsupials do not. Mammary glands likely are modified sebaceous or eccrine glands, but their evolutionary origin is not entirely clear. Most mammals have eccrine glands on palms & soles. AFAIK, apes & catarrhini also have body sweat glands (though less than humans),  platyrrhini & other primates also possess eccrine glands either clear or degenerated.

I agree with Karl. Bayesian statistic is a good choice (Structure, Genland or BAPS), you can perform admixture analyses or population grouping/subdivision. These methods were for ex. sucesfully used in a wide ranging and diverse species of turtles. You need of course a database for populations you want to compare. Standard procedure is to complement microsatellite analyses with mtDNA analysis, I mean a species specific mtDNA region.