Science topic
Malaria - Science topic
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.
Publications related to Malaria (10,000)
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Artificial intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential in addressing persistent healthcare challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study explores the role of AI in strengthening healthcare delivery through enhanced diagnostics, resource optimization, and disease surveillance. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study synthesizes exis...
African communities that have been forced to leave their homes experience a considerably greater susceptibility to malaria as a result of densely populated living conditions, restricted availability of healthcare, and environmental influences. Internally displaced individuals frequently live in large settlements with restricted availability to drin...
Masalah gizi buruk dan pengelolaan sampah masih menjadi tantangan serius di banyak daerah di Indonesia. Data BPS tahun 2022 menyatakan bahwa jumlah balita stunting di Kupang menempati urutan ke -4 di Provinsi NTT yaitu sebesar 22%. termasuk Kelurahan Kayu Putih. Dalam rangka mencegah dampak dari adanya sampah yang tidak tertangani dengan baik dan d...
Background
Malaria is one of the important diseases that threatens the global health system, especially in developing countries, including Yemen. Based on surveillance data, this analysis aimed to assess the trend of malaria in Yemen over the last sixteen years from 2006 to 2021.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on secondary malaria...
Kawasan Timur Indonesia seperti Papua, Papua Barat dan Nusa Tenggara Timur adalah kawasan endemis tinggi malaria. Lebih dari 86% wilayah ini termasuk dalam kategori endemis tinggi. Penyebaran kasus malaria di Provinsi NTT hingga tahun 2022 terus mengalami penurunan. Jumlah penderita yang positif malaria di Kabupaten Sumba Barat pada tahun 2022 menu...
Dengue is the world’s most significant arboviral disease and it is endemic in contemporary Nigeria. It is usually underreported and misdiagnosed because of its overlapping clinical manifestation with other common causes of fevers such as malaria and typhoid fever. By deploying rich secondary sources, this piece discovered that southwestern Nigeria...
Definition: This entry explores the emergence of ONE Paleopathology as a holistic, inter-disciplinary approach to understanding health through deep time. The entry discusses key areas where paleopathological research provides crucial insights: animals as sentinels of environmental health, the evolution and transmission of infectious diseases, the i...
The objective of this first part of the microscopic diagnosis manual is to improve the technical and practical knowledge of students at the University of Nouakchott and health schools in microscopic diagnosis of parasitic diseases and more specifically malaria.
Le manuel de diagnostic microscopique du paludisme a pour objectifs d’améliorer les conn...
Malaria, a preventable and treatable disease, remains fatal without rapid diagnosis and effective treatment, transmitted solely by infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. In 2022, Indonesia accounted for 22% of Southeast Asia's malaria cases, facing significant challenges in detection and management. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted Indonesia’s RAN-AM...
This paper proposes a double-side polished twin-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for early-stage detection of malaria. The analysis and the assessment of the proposed sensor are done by finite element method using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. The dual-side polished structure reduces the distance be...
Malaria remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, despite ongoing efforts to eradicate the disease. Recent advancements, including the rollout of malaria vaccines, such as RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M™, offer new avenues for prevention. However, the rise of resistance to anti-malarial medication...
In this Perspective article, Lorenz von Seidlein outlines the promise of two malaria vaccines, and discusses some of the considerations for their roll out.
Febrile diseases such as typhoid fever, malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS present diagnostic challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Misdiagnosis leads to delayed treatment, higher healthcare costs, and increased mortality. This study proposes a data-driven diagnostic framework leveraging explainable artificial intelligence (XAI)...
Las hemoglobinopatías son trastornos hereditarios poco comunes que afectan la síntesis de hemoglobina, dentro de estas tenemos la hemoglobinopatía D-Punjab, la cual generalmente es asintomática. En está revisión de caso se presenta una paciente femenina de 15 años, que consultó por fiebre durante 7 días, dolor abdominal, cefalea, emesis, y pérdida...
S Background: Numerous types of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) with wide price discrepancies abound in the Nigerian drug market and some of them may be substandard, thereby predisposing individuals to problems of ineffectively treated malaria and drug resistance. Objective: This study was aimed at investigating types and frequency o...
The rise of drug resistances in malaria necessitates the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting epigenetic pathways could open new, promising treatment avenues. In this study, we focus on PfBDP1, an essential bromodomain protein in P. falciparum. Utilizing the pan-selective bromodomain inhibitor MPM6, we identified a potent initial...
When models are used to inform decision-making, both their strengths and limitations must be considered. Using malaria as an example, we explain how and why models are limited and offer guidance for ensuring a model is well-suited for its intended purpose.
Malaria poses a significant global health challenge, with millions of cases and fatalities reported annually, primarily in the WHO African Region and SouthEast Asia Region. Mixed-species malaria infections are common but often underestimated, even in regions with low transmission rates. Mathematical models have been instrumental in studying parasit...
El propósito del artículo es analizar las condiciones materiales de la entidad mexicana de Morelos, en articulación con la persistencia del paludismo o malaria, entre 1880 y 1917; e identificar algunas de las interpretaciones científicas y sociales que dominaban con relación a la enfermedad. Dicho período abarca los inicios de la promoción e instit...
Background
Global progress toward malaria elimination and eradication goals has stagnated in recent years, with many African countries reporting increases in malaria morbidity and mortality. Insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying are effective, but the emergence and increased intensity of insecticide resistance and the challenge of o...
Background
Acceptability of malaria chemoprevention interventions by caregivers is crucial for overall programme success. This study assessed coverage and acceptability of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) in selected communities in the Northern part of Ghana.
Methods
An analytical cross-sectional design was conducted from “July 23rd to Augus...
Malaria remains a critical global health issue due to high mortality rates, drug resistance, and low treatment efficacy. The genetic variability of Plasmodium proteins complicates the development of long-lasting immunity, as it impedes the human immune system’s ability to sustain effective responses. T cells play a crucial role in combating malaria...
Background:
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) used to diagnose Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) predominantly target the antigen Histidine Rich Protein 2 (HRP2) exclusively. With the emergence of hrp2/hrp3 gene deletions, RDTs targeting other antigens such as the essential enzyme Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) are needed. The dynamics of LDH relative to HRP2 ar...
The clinical development of novel vaccines, injectable therapeutics, and oral chemoprevention drugs has the potential to deliver significant advancements in the prevention of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. These innovations could support regions in accelerating malaria control, transforming existing intervention packages by supplementing interventi...
Background
Under-5 children have been known to bear a significant burden of malaria in endemic countries. Though significant progress has been made towards malaria prevention and control in Nigeria, it is expected that the addition of new malaria prevention strategy, such as perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC) can contribute to a more rapid dec...
Telfairia occidentalis Hook (Cucurbitaceae family) is a pumpkin widely used for dietary purposes and in traditional healthcare by Ibibios of Nigeria, as remedy for various diseases such as malaria, diabetes, pains among others. Telfairia occidentalis stem extract and fractions activities were assessed in mice for effect on parasitaemia, hematologic...
Background: Malaria is a major global health hazard, particularly in developing countries such as Ethiopia, where it contributes to high morbidity and mortality rates. According to reports from the South Omo Zone Health Bureau, despite various interventions such as insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying, the incidence of malaria...
Background: An appreciable reduction in parasite clearance time (PCT) following artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) is a strong prognosis for resistance, which hitherto threatens the global malaria elimination. The study exposits the accurate measurement of PCT following clinical ACT regimen among inhabitants in a malaria hyper-endemic focus, Ilo...
Malaria disrupts neurocognitive homeostasis in humans, including in the non-severe manifestation of the disease - which is the most prevalent form of malaria in the world. This disruption is classically observed in human and experimental models of cerebral malaria. More recently, we demonstrated that this can also be observed in an experimental mod...
The effective prevention of many infectious and non-infectious diseases relies on people concurrently adopting multiple prevention behaviors. Individual characteristics, opinion leaders, and social networks have been found to explain why people take up specific prevention behaviors. However, it remains challenging to understand how these factors sh...
Background
Mosquitoes are important drivers of infectious diseases transmission, with Anopheles mosquitoes being responsible of malaria transmission. In Cambodia, where malaria is prevalent in forested regions, understanding the ecology of these vectors is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the abundance, distribution, seasonal patterns, biti...
On 12 January 2024, Cabo Verde was officially certified by the WHO as a malaria-free country after six consecutive years without local transmission. This study analysed the malaria history of Cabo Verde from 1953 to certification in 2024, highlighted the valuable lessons learned, and discussed challenges for prevention reintroduction. Malaria data...
INTRODUÇÃO: A malária é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo parasita do gênero Plasmodium, transmitido para os seres humanos através da picada do mosquito do gênero Anopheles (“mosquito-prego”). Com importância histórica e social dentro do contexto da Amazônia Legal, que possui 99,8% dos casos da doença, a malária nessa área é objeto de estudo deste...
In order to simulate the mathematical model of eliminating malaria by controlling the population of mosquitoes with insecticide and the insecticide's residual effects, the study developed a four-points hybrid block algorithm. The convergence and stability qualities of the block method are established. The block approach is applied after the variabl...
Introduction: A malaria case-based surveillance system (mCBS) was established in Kilimanjaro, Arusha, and Manyara regions in Tanzania following reports of very low parasite prevalence. The system aims to eliminate malaria by 2030, but had not been analyzed since its start. Our study used data from August 2021 to May 2022 to identify factors associa...
Background
In Myanmar, progress towards malaria elimination has stagnated in some areas requiring deployment of new tools and approaches to accelerate malaria elimination. While there is evidence that networks of community-based malaria workers and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) can reduce malaria transmission in a variety of settings, evidence fo...
The global tuberculosis (TB) response is at a crossroads. In recent years, new ideas, technologies, and political commitments have reinvigorated the fight against this age-old disease that kills more people each year than HIV and malaria combined. But with key indicators just beginning to recover after moving in the wrong direction during the COVID...
Background
Some infections may be associated with poor brain health, but evidence from low and middle‐income countries (LMICs) is limited. Therefore, we aimed to investigate associations between nine infections and cognitive function, depression, and frailty in India.
Methods
We conducted a cross‐sectional study using data from Wave 1 (2017‐2019)...
Overview
Chloroquine-resistant malaria poses a significant treatment challenge, especially in endemic areas. Host-targeted therapies, like tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib, have shown potential to improve malaria treatment outcomes by disrupting parasite egress from red blood cells. This study investigates the efficacy and safety...
Objectives
To determine the prevalence and pattern of hypoglycemia among children admitted to the Emergency Pediatric Unit (EPU) at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and September 2020. Blood glucose, along with other relevant laboratory investigations,...
Background
The Highlands of Papua New Guinea are non-endemic for malaria compared to the rest of the country. This study aimed to explore the local transmission of malaria in the Highlands through a cross-sectional school survey coupled with reactive case detection.
Methods
Between July and November 2019, 5575 schoolchildren and 1048 household mem...
This text is a Spanish translation of the following article: "Assessing the Incidence of Symptomatic Respiratory Syncytial Virus Illness Within a Prospective Birth Cohort in Managua, Nicaragua." It was published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America on July 29, 2019: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz585 Encontramos...
Malaria still remains a significant global health challenge that requires innovative strategies for its control and eventual eradication. In this article, we present a malaria vaccination model to assess and predict the effects of vaccination interventions. The model parameters are learned via feedforward Neural Network. We employed Residual Neural...
BACKGROUND: Malaria is a major public health issue with high rates of morbidity and mortality in the United Republic of Tanzania. To ensure that all households remain protected, national malaria control programs and partners in 2022 implemented free mass distribution of long-lasting insecticides nets to population at risk and high prevalent regions...
Background An appreciable reduction in parasite clearance time (PCT) following artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) is a strong prognosis for resistance, which hitherto threatens the global malaria elimination. The study exposits the accurate measurement of PCT following clinical ACT regimen among inhabitants in a malaria hyper-endemic focus, Ilor...
Background: Vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and long-acting injectables are being developed to prevent Plasmodium falciparum malaria. These therapeutics may target multiple stages of the parasite life cycle, and evidence is needed to articulate their benefits with chemoprevention and prioritise candidates for clinical development.
Methods: We used...
Malaria is a parasitic infection that can be caused by the bite of infected anopheles’ mosquito and can progress from mild symptoms to severe forms which make it crucial to understand its potential consequences. This study majorly focusses on multiclass classification and provides an ensemble framework for the detection of stages of malaria parasit...
Introduction: Spontaneous rupture of the pathological malarial spleen (SRPMS) is a rare condition with a mortality
rate among travelers of approximately 38 %, whereas it was around 10 % for local citizens. The mortality
rate for overwhelming post-splenectomy sepsis was reported to be about 50 %.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from feb...
Background
Malaria incidence in the Greater Mekong Subregion has been on the decline, and most remaining malaria risk in the region is concentrated among hard-to-reach populations, especially those with exposure to forested areas. New vector control tools focused on outdoor protection in forest settings are needed for these populations.
Methods
Th...
Apresentamos aqui um caso de um jovem de 29 anos com diagnóstico de malária grave internado no Serviço de Medicina Intensiva. Estava sob tratamento com dihidrocloridrato de quinina e doxiciclina, quando, ao quarto dia, desenvolveu um quadro agudo de colecistite alitiásica. Foi efetuado tratamento conservador com antibioterapia e o doente evoluiu fa...
This article presents and analyzes a deterministic model for malaria transmission that incorporates infected individuals who are unaware of their infectious status (ignorant infected humans) and accounts for relapse dynamics. We explore the invariant region and positivity of the model and calculate the effective reproduction number using the next-g...
Quinine is known for treating malaria, muscle cramps, and, more recently, has been used as an additive in tonic water due to its bitter taste. However, it was shown that excessive consumption of quinine can have severe side effects on health. In this work, we utilized fluorescence spectroscopy to measure the concentration of quinine in commercial t...
Background: We investigated the accuracy of predicting preload responsiveness by means of a passive leg raising test (PLR) using the perfusion index (PI) in critically ill patients showing signs of hypoperfusion in a resource-limited setting. Methods: We carried out a prospective observational single center study in patients admitted for sepsis or...
Background
While the global burden of malaria cases has decreased over the last two decades, the disease remains a major international threat, even on the rise in many regions. More than 85% of Peruvian malaria cases are in the Amazonian region of Loreto. Internal mobility primarily related to occupation is thought to be primarily responsible for m...
In the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, the expression of many genes is regulated by heterochromatin (HC) based on the histone mark tri-methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3). HC assembly involves three distinct steps: de novo nucleation, spreading and maintenance. Nucleation, which consists in formation of HC in a previously euchromat...
Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, with nearly half of the world's population at risk of infection. In 2022 alone, malaria claimed approximately 608,000 lives, with 76% of these fatalities occurring in children under the age of five, underscoring the disease’s disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations. Africa bears the h...
Background/Objectives: Pharmacogenetics (PGx) aims to identify individuals more likely to suffer from adverse reactions or therapeutic failure in drug treatments. However, despite most of the evidence in this area being from European populations, some diseases have also been neglected, such as HIV infection, malaria, and tuberculosis. With this rev...
Introdução: A cloroquina e a Hidroxicloroquina são derivados de quinino utilizados no tratamento de malária, doenças reumatológicas e dermatológicas. O uso prolongado dessas medicações precipita o surgimento de doenças na visão como maculopatias, as quais estão relacionadas com a dose e o tempo de uso dos derivados do quinina. Objetivo: Analisar os...
The significance of multiplication rate variation in malaria parasites needs to be determined, particularly for Plasmodium falciparum, the species that causes most virulent infections. To investigate this, parasites from cases presenting to hospital in The Gambia and from local community infections were culture-established and then tested under exp...
Vector resistance, human population movement, and cross-border malaria continue to pose a threat to the attainment of malaria elimination goals. Border malaria is prominent in border regions characterised by poor access to health services, remoteness, and vector abundance. Human socio-economic behaviour, vectoral behaviour, access and use of protec...
Antimicrobial resistant pathogens are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with overuse and misuse of antimicrobials being key contributors. We aimed to identify factors associated with antibiotic prescriptions among patients presenting to clinics in Kenya. We performed a retrospective, descriptive cohort study of persons presentin...
