Malaria - Science topic

How much efficient is the thick in thin smear in surveillance of malaria particularly if the high-risk individual is asymptomatic?

Through biological research and a case study of why mosquitoes are attracted to humans, is there an ingredient that can be added to insect repellants to ward off mosquitoes?

We did a clinical study at a Malaria endemic region. I prepared microfluidic devices which can be used for sampling patient blood. This device is later used with mass spec to give results for a negative control, a positive control and two test results. I have worked to find a threshold limit above which the output is Malaria positive and below the limit is Malaria negative. I want to find a statistical method based on which I can compare PCR and other conventional method results with my device's results.

Any suggestions are appreciated!

I want to assess Chloroquine and Primaquine Treatment Outcome among Uncomplicated P.Vivax Malaria: Open Label Clinical Trial.Which Study design is suitable for me?

During a malaria parasite infection and treatment, is there any effect on treatment if palm oil based diet is given

Is there a standard lab-based experimental study calculation?

or is it possible to take any number?

Recently , 6 cases de-inductee from endemic area for malaria admitted .All the case were having anaemia. One case had severe anaemia (Hb of 6gm%) and required blood transfusion . A total of 2/6 cases had leukopenia. One case had low platelets . 2/6 cases had indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Further discussion is welcomed.

In a real scenario if group of people coming from highly endemic area for malaria have discontinued mefloquine after de-induction with some of them turned positive. Should the same drug be started, or one can go for different drug like doxycycline. Any role of combination of drugs in prophylaxis?

I want a statistical model to analyze my data on rare a rare disease( asymptomatic or submicroscopic malaria). I want a consultation from experts in the field.

I am convinced that logistic regression is not suitable for my study however there are dozens of published articles used it. I want to see it in different way.

Hence, need your prompt responses.

Abdissa B.

If we assume a person is taking mefloquine weekly in Sudan for malaria prophylaxis and stopped after de -induction. Is there any use of restarting the chemoprophylaxis that too if same drug is not locally available. Moreover if few of them turned positive for malaria

There are incidences of Falciparum malaria cases in my working place who have been de-inducted recently from South Sudan. According to the patients they were using Mefloquine prophylaxis weekly , However discontinued after de-induction(ideally should be consumed for 4 weeks after de-induction). What is the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis and its mechanism

What should be an ideal way ahead? , besides active fever surveillance and health education about continuing prophylaxis and other personal protective measures like barrier clothing , use of repellents and mosquito nets

Can I perform copy number variant analysis on DNA extracted from asymptomatic malaria patients using qPCR?

What precautions should be taken if a patient is admitted as a case of dengue and malaria in hospital setting. Is giving mosquito net to the patient desirable to prevent further spread?

With subtle of biological roadblocks and failure of the conventional malaria diagnostic tools to detect low-density parasitaemia, will the current malaria elimination/eradication programs be achievable?

It is known that malaria has ruled us for 500,000 years. Since its discovery, microscopy has been a gold standard for diagnosing malaria for more than a century. Since 2010, malaria diagnosis has been expanded through the use of malaria RDTs to reach those in need and limit resources. However, both of these traditional tools produce false-negative results that lead to under-treatment and unwanted costs. Plasmodium parasites seem to learn not to be visible to these tools, except for the NAA methods. The case of P. falciparum is bold and obvious (HRP2/3 gene deletion).

So, can we say that resistance to diagnosis is an emerging problem? Or what other scientific scenarios are there?

I want to estimate number of malaria cases averted due to an intervention targeted in reducing malaria incidence. So, how I can estimate it using quarterly incidence survey?

Any suggestion please?

It seems that the issue is not only to develop a vaccine or an effective medical treatment, but is more related to the consequences of an unsanitary environement.

In almost 90 countries and territories, nearly half of the world population lives in areas at risk of malaria transmission.

According to WHO in 2020, 627,000 deaths and 241million clinical cases were caused by malaria. 95% of deaths cases were recorded in Africa.

The Roll Back Malaria partnership launched by WHO, UNICEF, UNDP and the World Bank in October 1998 could not succeed in controlling the spread of the disease.

Was wondering if anyone has done any research on cross-border transmission of Malaria between the Shortland Islands (Solomon Islands) and Bougainville (PNG). The two countries are very close to one another at these two points and people travel by sea between these islands. I have not been able to locate any articles.

Kind regards,

Kerre Ann Willsher, PhD,

Rotarians Against Malaria,

Is anyone researching the relationship between malaria and pre eclampsia? Malaria parasites invade the placenta, and are involved with maternal deaths, stillbirth, prematurity and small for gestational age babies. Pre eclampsia emanates from the placenta causing similar problems plus maternal hypertension, oedema and proteinuria, and can move on to eclampsia with fitting and death. Could placental malaria cause pre eclampsia? I was a midwife for many years.

Kerre Ann Willsher, PhD

Malaria stain preparation

I need an alternative to the use of standard curve for the determination of hemozoin content in the blood of malaria patient.

For instance if one wants to assess effects of Malaria on pregnancy outcomes on pregnant mothers with Malaria infection.

Bearing in mind that they have to collect data from patient case notes of these pregnant mothers who had Malaria infection and were previously admitted and delivered their babies at a particular hospital in the past

As known, licorice root is used for the treatment of peptic ulcers, asthma, pharyngitis, malaria, abdominal pain, insomnia and infections.what is the reason of this diversity?

I need a good reference for that.

Best Regards

Can anyone help me choose primary antibodies for mouse liver hepatocytes and also in conjunction Cd8 cells. Also Cd3 cells. I want to look at hepatocytes and adjacent immune cells in mice with augmented malaria infections. Thanks. Patrick. I need antibodies that react to mice hepatocytes. And also mouse cd8 and Tcells.

Currently, I know of BindingDB but there are not enough drug targets when the canonical smile for Chloroquine was inserted. I have checked different database but the feature is missing in all except BindingDB but not enough drug target to conduct network pharmacology. Please help.

The Anti-Circumsporozoite Antibody Response Of Children To Seasonal Vaccination With The Rts,S/As01e Malaria Vaccine.

Issaka Sagara et al 2021.

Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciab1017,https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab1017

Abstract

A trial in young African children showed that combining seasonal vaccination with the RTS,S/AS01E vaccine with seasonal malaria chemoprevention reduced the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria substantially compared to either intervention given alone. This paper reports the anti-circumsporozoite antibody response to seasonal RTS,S/AS01E vaccination in children in this trial.

Abstract

Background

A trial in young African children showed that combining seasonal vaccination with the RTS,S/AS01E vaccine with seasonal malaria chemoprevention reduced the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria substantially compared to either intervention given alone. This paper reports the anti-circumsporozoite antibody response to seasonal RTS,S/AS01E vaccination in children in this trial.

Can anyone suggest which solvent is used to solubilize beta-hematin or hemozoin (malaria pigment) ?

Hi everyone, so I have been running some assays in qpcr(presence/absence experiments).

My experiment is on detection of human malaria parasites.

My positive controls show as present and usually above the target threshold.

However my samples are usually below the target threshold although they yield some curves.

The positive controls have Ct's around 20 and the samples Ct's range from 26 to 30. I use 5ul of DNA for this assay.

I ALSO USE THE ABI 7500 FAST REAL TIME MACHINE.

How do I fix this?

PLEASE NOTE: I have attached some pictures of the results

Thanks.

Experts say knowing the vectors present is a key factor in putting an end to high malaria prevalence. Nigeria accounts for the highest malaria cases and global malaria death . .. Finding the way forward

I'm working on malaria DNA extraction.

In my lab, we have DNA sampled extracted from patient's whole blood 3 years ago. This sample can be amplified by our primers (designed to be specific to 18s rRNA gene and other gene), so I use it as a positive control.

Recently, I used QIAamp DNA Blood kit (Qiagen) to extract malarial DNA from malaria-infected patients who had high % parasitemia, also including the previously PCR-positive sample. I followed manufacturer's protocol with 200 µl of heparinized whole blood (acute phase within 14 days after admission to clinic). Yield of DNA appears to be good 30-40 ng/ul per each 100 ul elution. My positive control always gave positive PCR results. Unfortunately, extracted DNA from new 13 samples and a previously PCR-positive sample gave negative PCR results.

Possible causes that I am considering are:

- incomplete malarial cell lysis during DNA extraction

- the presence of inhibitor(s)

- low malaria DNA compared to human DNA

What I have tried:

- adding more DNA template for PCR reaction

- using prolonged lysis time and increased temperature

I would like to know what factor I have to adjust?

Thank you for your kind response.

Good afternoon ma, my name is Idemudia Nosakhare Lawrence, I am a PhD research student of the University of Benin, Nigeria trying to look at the "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Antibodies to Artemisinin and Artemisinin Resistance Genes amongst Malaria Patients in Benin City, Nigeria. So i want to know how many genes actually codes for artemisinin resistance and how i can do a collaborative study with you ma  

Hello,

Does anyone have articles about Malaria cases in the Torres Strait? Papua/New Guinean people often seek treatment for a variety of medical conditions at Saibu Island. Relates to border transmission issue.

Kind regards,

Kerre Ann Willsher, PhD

Several studies have proposed that sickle cell trait individuals (HbAS) confer partial protection against Malaria. Even though the mechanism is not clear, various mechanisms have been proposed as a means of malaria resistance by HbAS individuals of which some are sickling of their RBCs and splenic Phagocytosis. Thinking deep into this, I was wondering why then do people with HbSS develop severe malaria because if these mechanisms contribute to people with the Sickle cell trait malaria resistance, then people who are homozygous to the sickle gene should be more resistant to malaria. Any contribution?

Was wondering if anyone has done any research on cross-border transmission of Malaria between the Shortland Islands (Solomon Islands) and Bougainville (PNG). The two countries are very close to one another at these two points and people travel by sea between these islands. I have not been able to locate any articles.

Kind regards,

Kerre Ann Willsher, PhD,

Rotarians Against Malaria,

kerre.willsher1@bigpond.com

Is there any chance by which an individual with sickle cell trait can develop virulent malaria disease as a result of P. falciparum infection?

I am a Ph.D student of Public Health Microbiology in a Nigerian University. I will be embarking on a research entitled “Polymorphisms of Plasmodium Merozoite Surface Proteins 1 and 2, kelch13 and pfatpase6Genes in Symptomatic Malaria Patients in Calabar, Nigeria. Please I am seriously in need of a grant to mitigate the expected high cost on this research. Many thanks.

The pandemic has revealed how much the rest of the world has been left behind in terms of pharmaceutical/healthcare research. What models can you offer for kick-starting vibrant local financing of drug development in developing countries?

I need to collect dry blood spots on filter papers for future PCR analysis. I'll be collecting the blood samples from patients visiting clinics in a community. What is the procedure? How can I be sure of my sample size? What is the best method of storage?

Malaria is the highest killer disease in Africa, yet no vaccine has been developed against it. Any hope in sight?

Iam asking about the association between monocyte receptor CD163 and severity of malaria

Hello everyone,

I am about to do my PhD candidacy exam, and one of the evaluators raised an important point of the genotyping malaria project. Basically, in the malaria field it is very common to genotype different strains by using length markers or just polymorphic markers of the same size. The number of different variations of size or SNPs will determine the number of different clones found in a human host infected with malaria. MOI is define as 'multiplicity of infection' and it basically tells you this number of clones found in an individual. When looking at publications, it is very common to see a MOI of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and even 6. However, one of my PhD examiners asked this question:

"How is it possible to have 1 to 6 genotypes of malaria, when its genome is 23'000,000 bases, and it can populate the human host to 1x10^12 cells?"

Since then I am struggling with it and I have narrowed down some evidence to answer this question... In the pathogenesis of malaria, it is common to see a few bottlenecks of transmission. When a mosquito inoculates a human host with the plasmodium parasite, between 10 to 200 circumsporozoites will make it to the liver. After an incubation period of 7 to 10 days, each circumsporozoite will release 30,000 daughter cells into the bloodstream. Each cell will replicate into 8-32 times inside a red blood cell (RBC). So in theory, all of these cells should be clones of the parent cells. However that is not the case given that the average mutation rate of malaria is 4x10e-10 base substitutions per mitosis. How can I answer this question?

In practice is common to see the use of polymorphic genes with a expected heterozygosity close to 1.0, that would yield as many genotype retrievals as possible, and those genes typically vary in size of 300 to 500 base pairs. Some people use a panel of microsatellites to determine these genotypes.

Am I missing a key concept here?

Thanks everyone!

I have been looking at the biological threat of malaria to the control efforts, where the world is in the move to eliminating and eradicating malaria for good.

Looking at different perspectives, I have finally arrived at there could be a real diagnostic resistance in malaria.

Does it give a sense in such a pre-elimination era?

I need an experts' view here and stretched my neck to read your prompt responses

Is anyone interested?

please don't hesitate to contact me @:

Abdissa BH

Thanks

Malaria caused by Malaria parasites (Plasmodium species) is transmitted by Mosquitoes. Malaria especially in the sub-Saharan African region remains a major public health due to associate high mortality and morbidity particularly in the under-five.

Mosquitoes repellents are a major tool for the control of spread of the disease.

What is your take on the above question?

The theme of World Malaria Day 2020 is "Zero malaria starts with me." It is a grass-root campaign with an objective to keep malaria high on political agenda, mobilize additional resources and empower communities to take ownership of malaria prevention and care.

The Corona virus has shut down large-scale treatment and prevention programs around the globe, which could send malaria deaths skyrocketing this year. Malaria may back again in its devastating form in Corona crisis and will be the major killer in 2020.

Some researchers have claimed that Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) can enter cells and make the environment more "alkaline" by soaking up protons. Many publications discuss only 2 nitrogen atoms that can accept a proton, however the molecule possesses 3, and therefore I would be interested to learn about the transport of HCQ, which is in the diacid form in the commercial Sulfate compound, is potentially in a triacid form in the stomach and is known to be predominantly in the diacid form in Blood at pH 7.4.

There is research demonstrating that the acid form is hydrophobic, compared to the neutral compound, which accounts for its much lower activity against Plasmodium, in which the neutral compound is lipophylic.

How many molecules of HCQ per cell have been found in clinical settings, and would this have any real impact on internal pH compared to natural buffers?

The world war started in silence against the unseen enemy since the beginning of 2020. Just created black smokes disturbing global temperature and so many showdowns were completed all over the world to set the accuracy of nuclear weapons for many decades. Nature has showed its revenge by the smallest weapon so far and we are calling it the deadliest one in this 21st century.

We know about the global influenza pandemic of 1918-1919, which killed more than 20 million people worldwide, and the HIV/AIDS pandemic, which began to accelerate in the early 1980s and continues unabated in some parts of the world. In addition, at least 30 other new and reemerging diseases and syndromes have been recognized since the 1970s

New diseases are superimposed on endemic diseases such as diarrheal diseases, malaria, tuberculosis (TB), and measles, which continue to exact a huge toll. Indeed, malaria and TB, among others, are reemerging in a drug-resistant form. Today, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Many pathogens are becoming increasingly resistant to standard antimicrobial drugs, making treatment difficult and in some cases impossible. Moreover, chronic conditions generally considered noninfectious actually have been found to have a microbial etiology.

New and Reemerging Diseases: The Importance of Biomedical Research

Anthony S. Fauci

If there is any ongoing projects on identifying cures for COVID-19 or an alternative one for Malaria, I'll love to know and most likely be involved if there is a chance, thanks

Current situation of COVID19 is playing a huge impact on community and the health professionals in Bangladesh like any other affected country. But as a developing country with dense population it is almost impossible to identify and point out the COVID19 cases in mass population living in a non understanding situation. Curretly the testing facility for COVID19 is not available except only one centere in the capital of of Bangladesh. Also this is the time of viral flue presenting with similar symptoms like COVID19 infection. A broad spectrum antibiotic is given to treat and prevent secondary infection during this time in most of the patients. Besides as tropical country malaria is a common disease; often the treatment of malaria is offered based on symptoms only. Chloroquine has been described as a potential anti 2019-nCoV drug along with other antiviral agents. Currently Faviparavir is not available in Bangladesh. So my question is can we prescribe a early treatment in combination with Chloroquine and Azithromycin with or without Glucocorticoids (Depending on cases only) in all the suspected COVID19 cases as a routine (unless there is any existing contraindication to these drugs)? What could be the outcome? What difficulties we might face? What might be the potential risk and befinit situation regarding this regiment?

I am working on liver stage malaria infection.

Please I need:

1. A simplified method of inoculation.

2. A less expensive method of determining the parasite count in the liver.

Thank you.

Regarding a research on the effects of humidity to the transmission of Bancroftian filariasis.

Covid infections as of today can be dependent variable. Prevalence of TB or Malaria (per 10000 population) in all countries can be independent variable. The problem is a majority of countries have Covid but zero TB or Malaria. Correlation turns out to be positive at p 0.05 . What could be wrong in my design of study?

how H CQ+Azi acts against covid 19?

Kindly discuss your ideas and viewpoints on the probable correlation between the SARS CoV-2 and the malarial parasites.

It is generally observed that the cases of people affected with the COVID-19 is more prevalent in countries where there is very few cases of people suffering from Malaria and vice versa.

As an example we can cite many African countries and tribal areas of India, which have not been seriously hit by COVID-19. At the same place the European countries which had negligible cases of malaria, have turned into the global epicentre for this ongoing pandemic.

It draws a generic attention towards the epidemiological analysis when we considerably observe that even Hydroxychloroquinone and Chloroquinone is commonly prescribed nowadays as an alternative treatment for COVID-19 in many countries. Where these drugs are commonly prescribed for the treatment of malaria.

Even it is quite surprising to speculate - places in central Asia(Mangolia) where liver cancer cases are the maximum, we can observe a very less no. of COVID-19 cases.

So there must/might be any specific underlying mechanism that could be similar in both these pathogens - one a deadly virus and another a detrimental plasmodium!

Development of the vaccine against the malaria has long been worked upon what is its clinical outcome any experience regarding its current status ?

In my country, Jordan, the borders have been closed, tracking cases infected with the virus inside Jordan, quarantine, and the use of malaria treatment for some cases infected with the virus, the curfew for long periods of time with the end of the week the curfew extends to 48 hours, the suspension of work in most sectors, and distance education Online, is this correct?

What is the pathogenesis of anemia caused by malaria?

The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the worst challenges the modern medicine has ever encountered. There is no standard treatment for this infection, and there are many ongoing clinical trials to find a possible treatment regimen. Among different tested medications, chloroquine was promising likely by having immunomodulating properties.

Strangely, the highest mortality rates of the COVID-19 have been reported in the developed countries with robust healthcare systems. The tropical countries have witnessed less fatal cases (1). The less fatality of this virus in these regions (with a high prevalence of malaria) may be related to Hemoglobin structure. Given the natural selection, the structure of Hemoglobin in these regions is slightly different than the rest of the world (e.g., high prevalence of the Hemoglobin S). It is possible that altered Hemoglobin not only helps these people to survive malaria but the COVID-19 virus as well. We suggest adding medications capable of changing the hemoglobin structure to COVID-19 clinical trials. Increasing hemoglobin F level may have a therapeutic effect in these patients (higher levels of hemoglobin F can be a reason for lower mortality in children as well). In this context, “Pomalidomide” appears to be a suitable candidate. Its role in increasing Hemoglobin F level as well as immunomodulatory effects have been well documented (2-4). The same as chloroquine, Pomalidomide can regulate the cytokines. By increasing the Hemoglobin F and immunomodulation, pomalidomide can have dual effects on this infection.

Ehsan Sotoudeh MD

Red Crescent Iranian Hospital in Dubai, Dubai, UAE

Houman Sotoudeh MD

University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA

1. Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU).

2. Chanan-Khan AA, Swaika A, Paulus A, et al. Pomalidomide: the new immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2013; 3: e143.

3. Meiler SE, Wade M, Kutlar F, et al. Pomalidomide augments fetal hemoglobin production without the myelosuppressive effects of hydroxyurea in transgenic sickle cell mice. Blood 2011; 118(4): 1109-12.

4. Richardson PG, Mark TM, Lacy MQ. Pomalidomide: new immunomodulatory agent with potent antiproliferative effects. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 88 Suppl 1: S36-44.

The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the worst challenges the modern medicine has ever encountered. There is no standard treatment for this infection, and there are many ongoing clinical trials to find a possible treatment regimen. Among different tested medications, chloroquine was promising likely by having immunomodulating properties.

Strangely, the highest mortality rates of the COVID-19 have been reported in the developed countries with robust healthcare systems. The tropical countries have witnessed less fatal cases (1). The less fatality of this virus in these regions (with a high prevalence of malaria) may be related to Hemoglobin structure. Given the natural selection, the structure of Hemoglobin in these regions is slightly different than the rest of the world (e.g., high prevalence of the Hemoglobin S). It is possible that altered Hemoglobin not only helps these people to survive malaria but the COVID-19 virus as well. We suggest adding medications capable of changing the hemoglobin structure to COVID-19 clinical trials. Increasing hemoglobin F level may have a therapeutic effect in these patients (higher levels of hemoglobin F can be a reason for lower mortality in children as well). In this context, “Pomalidomide” appears to be a suitable candidate. Its role in increasing Hemoglobin F level as well as immunomodulatory effects have been well documented (2-4). The same as chloroquine, Pomalidomide can regulate the cytokines. By increasing the Hemoglobin F and immunomodulation, pomalidomide can have dual effects on this infection.

Ehsan Sotoudeh MD

Red Crescent Iranian Hospital in Dubai, Dubai, UAE

Houman Sotoudeh MD

University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA

1. Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU).

2. Chanan-Khan AA, Swaika A, Paulus A, et al. Pomalidomide: the new immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2013; 3: e143.

3. Meiler SE, Wade M, Kutlar F, et al. Pomalidomide augments fetal hemoglobin production without the myelosuppressive effects of hydroxyurea in transgenic sickle cell mice. Blood 2011; 118(4): 1109-12.

4. Richardson PG, Mark TM, Lacy MQ. Pomalidomide: new immunomodulatory agent with potent antiproliferative effects. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 88 Suppl 1: S36-44.

It is said that chloroquine (Anti protozoal drug and has anti inflammatory property usually used to treat malaria and a few chronic inflammatory diseases) assumes to be effective in limiting the replication of SARS-CoV-2 (virus that causes COVID-19) in vitro. [Cortegiani, Andrea; Ingoglia, Giulia; Ippolito, Mariachiara; Giarratano, Antonino; Einav, Sharon (10 March 2020). "A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19". Journal of Critical Care. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.03.005. ISSN 0883-9441. PMID 32173110.]

Hydroxychloroquine have similar actions but more available in some countries.

Azithromycin an antibacterial drug used to treat many bacterial infections. It is also used to treat malaria in addition to other drugs.

Do you believe in that Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Azithromycin are effective against SARS-CoV2 (Causes of COVID-19)? If your answer is yes, would please explain, how?

Good day house.

I am conducting a research on hemoparasites like plasmodium, hemoproteus, leucocytozoon (Phylum Apicomplexans). Before running my PCR, I intend to check my PCR primers using in silico PCR in the UCSC Genome browser. But I can't find any genome for protozoans/parasites, rather only genomes for the hosts of these parasites are there - homo sapiens, megabats, microbats etc.

Please how do I go about this? I mean which genome can I use on the UCSC genome browser to conduct in silico PCR for protozoans/parasites given that their genomes are not listed?

Secondly, what tools can I use to assess my PCR primers? I mean tools that will easily tell me whether there are hairpins in my primers and possibility of self dimer?

Thanks.

How to use malaria parasite prevalence data to determine endemicity

Indonesia committed to go for malaria elimination, step by step islands wise, beginning in 2010 until 2030, in east part of Indonesia ( Maluku and Papua ).

Indonesia malaria prevalence is on all stages, high endemic need to have control program , meso endedic, low endemic to non endemic areas. This comiitment supported by top leaders as well as inside the MoH organization from central level down to Health centre, It needs all stake holders to work together, supported by community itself.

The early stage of malaria parasite life cycle is mainly in the liver, I want to believe continuous life cycle of this parasite in its host could lead to liver damage or may be something as serious as cancer.

How can the long term impact of this parasite on the liver be assessed?

Doing a Comparative study on the Cytokine profile of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Malaria individuals.

HMSS- hyper reactive malarial splenomegaly syndrome, is one of the chronic form of malaria. it commonly occurs in peoples from malaria endemic areas who have recurrent malarial attacks.

Glucose 6 phospho-dehydrogenase deficiency predisposes malaria patients receiving drugs like primaquine to develop hemolytic anemia.

Studies have shown poor healthcare professionals' prescription/counselling practices and patients' in-ability to correctly follow their medication regimens as some of the common causes of malaria treatment failure among patients, kindly share your perceptions on the topic, for the purpose of creating awareness.

How long does it last? Can it prevent attacks altogether?

This is very important if we must prevent deaths especially in children.

In the last few months I observed some acute leukemias associated with positive malaria or with history of recurrent malaria manifestations.

I am working on the association of CLEC4C rs12310416 polymorphism with clinical malaria in children in South Western Nigeria, however, I need a publication that has worked on this before so I can see the primers they used and the restriction enzymes I can use for my research

The signs and symptoms of malaria are quite nonspecific - one of the few real distinguishing features is its periodic febrile paroxysms. Hence, what should be the basis for administration of pre-referral artesunate? Is just a history of periodic fever enough? Should you just use a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) to confirm the diagnosis?

Any suggestions? I'm trying to get some help by OPS or UNICEF

We have developed a SYBR Green method to reveal our antiplasmodial assays but we have experienced some troubles when testing some pure polyphenols. The fluorescence level of the corresponding wells in the plate was much lower than negative control and thus, inhibition level was higher than 200% for known inactive compounds such as gallic acid. Has anyone observed same interferences ?

I am currently looking for academic professional that can accept my studentship for PhD program in any of the following research area:

1. Antimalarial or anticancer novel compound synthesis and biochemical evaluation.

2. Structural biology of uncharacterized enzyme target for malarial or cancer therapy.

3. And other related research topics.

These studies will involve the use of bioinformatics/computational and biochemical/biophysical techniques.

Country of interest: Brazil, USA, Germany and other available countries.

Kindly let me know your willingness

Kind regards.

Sofola (Delgoa bay), Mozambique, was renown among Portuguese as the Biblical Orphis, with streets paved with gold. Antonio Manutius, in 1538 , recalls this alluvional gold was almost extinguished when Portuguese "conquered it" (before being wipe out by malaria, the proof Romans already knew and used the place). But I consider the last deadly cyclones, in that poor country so dramatically affected, may have unveil new gold deposits. What is your opinion at the respect?

I am currently carrying ou a study on Plasmodium faclciparum malaria and concomitant bacteria infection. I will need an expart to collaborate with especially in molecular epidemiology, and immunology with the possibility to carryout a sandwich PhD study.

Sequel to this I will like to have your kind suggestions that may be of help