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Maintenance Management - Science topic
Explore the latest publications in Maintenance Management, and find Maintenance Management experts.
Publications related to Maintenance Management (7,679)
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The Global Forum for Maintenance and Asset Management (GFMAM) was established by industry professionals and organizations to view asset management as a strategic activity for achieving organizational goals. In the 21st century, there are two main types of technology-based businesses: rapid technology improvement and slow improvement industries like...
The objective of Health technology management (HTM), is to ensure patient safety and appropriate use of medical devices, towards ensuring quality of health care. The HTM process includes the needs assessment, then procurement and supply, and, after reception of the medical device in the facility, continues with incoming inspections, inventory, trai...
This research proposes an innovative approach to building maintenance scheduling using fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic addresses uncertainty and complexity in decision-making processes concerning prioritizing and scheduling maintenance tasks. This study aims to enhance the efficiency of maintenance scheduling, reduce maintenance costs, and consider the va...
The health condition of rolling bearings directly impacts the service performance and reliability of the entire rotating system, with degradation indexs serving as critical elements for effective bearing health monitoring. To address the challenges in timely and accurate reflecting the degradation state, this study integrates multi-resolution singu...
This dissertation examines the development of a maintenance management system for the hoisting system at Millennium Tower, a high-rise building currently operating with only one functional elevator out of six and two escalators. The rapid stopping of the elevator is caused by a lack of protection from fluctuations in power, which damages the operat...
The study introduces a machine learning model for BMM (Building Maintenance Management), which utilized IPA (Intelligent Process Automation) to predict the material stock required in a period, to manage the cost efficiency. Traditional BMM approaches often prepared not efficient amount of material stock for pending maintenances required materials,...
In recent years, Facility Management has undergone significant technological and methodological advancements, primarily driven by Building Information Modelling (BIM), Computer-Aided Facility Management (CAFM), and Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS). These innovations have improved process efficiency and risk management. However, ch...
The need for animal protein in Indonesia continues to increase, driving the popularity of goat milk as an alternative to cow's milk that is easier to digest and has health benefits. This study aims to review genetic and nutritional factors that affect the production and quality of dairy goat milk. The method used is a literature review of relevant...
Purpose
Digital twin technology offers multiple possibilities for efficient facility maintenance. However, some challenges hinder their usage for managing constructed facilities in the health-care sector. Therefore, this study aims to use the principal component analysis (PCA) to investigate the barriers to digital twin maintenance management of he...
Maintenance Management (MM) of aging buildings is a critical challenge due to complex maintenance operations and limited resources. Digital technologies, such as Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), have improved inspection efficiency and accuracy, while Artificial Intelligence (AI) enhances the reliability of automated analysis of UAS data. However, the...
In a rapidly evolving technological and business environment, business leaders must adapt quickly to maintain their competitiveness. The main objective of this article is to propose a maintenance management guide with the innovation management process to help organizations develop effective innovation strategies and respond to the challenges of the...
In the fast-paced world of architecture, green buildings have emerged as a sustainable development approach, addressing many pressing issues. However, there are shortcomings in implementing quality and subsequent maintenance management aspects. This analysis is based on a comprehensive assessment of green buildings, analyzing their current developm...
Recently, GovTech has gained prominence as a novel approach to fostering government-driven innovation by leveraging technology startups, academia, and innovators to develop digital public services. Although it promises more agile, user-centric, and cost-effective solutions, limited research explores how academic-based startups navigate public procu...
With the evolution of energy pattern and the advancement of science and technology, the operation and maintenance management of thermal power plants has encountered bottlenecks. The traditional model is difficult to meet the current demand. The purpose of this study is to build an advanced three-dimensional (3D) visualization and maintenance system...
Photovoltaic (PV) solar plants require conditions monitoring systems and advanced analytics to enhance performance and reliability. Supervisory control and data acquisition systems are widely applied in PV solar plants to ensure suitable maintenance management. Novel data processing techniques are required for condition monitoring fault detection a...
Featured Application
The models and methods outlined in the article are highly applicable in the development of maintenance processes for industrial systems with high maintenance demands (paper industry, food and beverage production, compressor systems). Through the proposed IIoT solution and the associated real-time optimization, the system’s prod...
A manutenção das edificações em universidades públicas é um ato de responsabilidade com o Patrimônio Público Brasileiro e um desafio para a gestão universitária. Esta pesquisa tem uma abordagem aplicada, quantitativa e explicativa, sendo um estudo de caso sobre a implantação de melhorias no setor de manutenção predial da Universidade Federal do Tri...
Fault diagnosis and prediction method is an effective method for equipment operation and maintenance management, which is mainly used in aerospace, military equipment and other fields in the early stage. With the continuous development of fault diagnosis and data acquisition and analysis and other related technologies, fault diagnosis and predictio...
Performance improvements and features that include complex and cutting-edge technologies are becoming more and more necessary for products in order to provide customers a strong reason to buy. Adopting procedures that operate more quickly, produce better outcomes, and put businesses closer to their customers may be possible if digital twins’ techno...
Accurate and efficient detection of road damage is crucial in traffic safety and maintenance management. Traditional road detection methods have problems such as low efficiency and insufficient accuracy, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale road health assessments. With the development of drone technology and computer vision, new id...
Transformers are pivotal components in power distribution for electrical grids as they directly affect the reliability and efficiency of energy delivery. Effective maintenance of transformers decreases energy losses, improves the grid's reliability, and contributes to sustainable energy management aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Develop...
Abstract: This study presents the development of an immersive training platform based on the Metaverse concept, aimed at enhancing the training of maintenance personnel in foundational reliability and maintenance engineering methodologies. The proposed tool, FMECA-VR-0.1 (Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis – Virtual Reliability-0.1), i...
Wind energy, a renewable resource characterized by its inexhaustibility and absence of pollutants, has garnered significant attention in recent years. The optimization of wind power generation for both economic and environmental benefits has emerged as a solution to contemporary energy challenges. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine...
Firms with sustainable high performance are those that can develop and deliver more value to their clients while maintaining lower operational costs. While increasing innovation is critical to attaining firm performance because it increases a firm’s ability and capacity to overcome the challenges in the operating environments, businesses also have...
Aviation plays a crucial role in global transportation, providing an essential service for passengers and cargo and contributing significantly to economic growth and international connectivity. However, the increasing number of aircraft accidents and high repair costs emphasize the need for robust maintenance systems. With mechanical failures accou...
This study aims to analyze the influence of ship maintenance management, crew competence, and supervision on the smooth distribution of oil and gas mediated by ship reliability at the Special Terminal of PT Pertamina Energy Terminal Tanjung Uban. The study integrates variables that were previously often examined separately in the context of maritim...
Cracks are the most significant type of pavement disease, and the precise segmentation of cracks serves as an important decision-making basis for national preventive road maintenance management. In response to the problem of crack segmentation accuracy of existing pavement models under complex backgrounds, a crack recognition algorithm for remote s...
For a detailed analysis of damage to bridge structures, it is necessary to apply diagnostic methods. The results of these procedures are often complex results represented in heterogeneous and incompatible data formats. These are sometimes difficult to integrate with 3D Building Information Modelling (BIM) models. This article examines two system- a...
This paper conducts a comprehensive review of the role of digitalization in railway maintenance management, particularly through the lens of the International Union of Railways (UIC) asset management framework. The study aims to assess how digital technologies such as Big Data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) serve as...
Recently, there has been a growing interest in issues related to mining equipment maintenance, with particular focus on pumping systems’ continuous operation. However, despite wide applications of pump system maintenance in a wide range of industries, such as water and wastewater, aviation, petrochemical, building (HVAC system), and nuclear power p...
Maintenance plays an important role in ensuring the reliability and safety of rolling stock in the railway sector. This study focuses on the application of an integrated Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) and Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) for wheelsets in a wheel profiling measurement system. The combined use of RCM and CMMS...
In this study, a multi-source collaborative platform integrating geographic information system and building information model is constructed to solve the technical bottleneck of intelligent building life cycle management through an interdisciplinary data integration mechanism. The platform uses big data mining and machine learning technology to ver...
The paper aims to evaluate the state of predictive management technologies for reducing crude oil losses reducing costs and operating problems, improving the reliability and flexibility of technological installations, and minimizing the negative impact on the environment. In this research, we evaluated the qualified technological documentation of a...
Reproductive performance is one of the top priorities in the development of sustainable swine farming. A lack of breeders’ knowledge about reproduction can hinder future maintenance management. This study aims to determine the reproductive performance of swine and factors that affect business sustainability. This study uses survey methods and direc...
This research aims to determine the application of technical aspects of goat farming in Kutalimbaru District. This research was carried out for 1 month from 10 May to 10 June in Kutalimbaru District, Deli Serdang Regency, consisting of 4 villages (Lau Bakeri, Perpanen, Sampe Cita, Pasar X). This research used a survey method of 96 Etawa crossbreed...
Focusing on two different application scenarios and their entire lifecycle of gearboxes, covering various stages such as design, manufacturing, use, and disposal, this article focuses on exploring the impact of key material selection, manufacturing processes, and operation and maintenance management on the performance and sustainability of gearboxe...
This study presents a comprehensive systematic literature review aimed at analyzing and synthesizing current advancements, applications, and challenges in maintenance optimization within smart manufacturing facilities. Guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) framework, a total of 112 peer-revie...
The regulation of medical devices is governed by the Law on Health, the Law on Medicines and Medical Devices, and the Lawon Metrology. While these laws provide definitions of key terms, they lack detailed regulations. The Law on Health addressesissues related to special licenses, while the Law on Metrology covers metrological inspections. According...
Medical devices are essential in healthcare, and their availability and reliability are critical for quality service. In most Saudi hospitals, maintenance schedules for these devices follow manufacturer recommendations, which often do not account for Saudi Arabia's unique climate and lifestyle. This research introduces a mathematical model to optim...
With the expansion of scientific research activities and the increasing demand for interdisciplinary collaboration, the traditional scientific research management model is facing challenges in terms of efficiency, synergy and data-driven decision-making. Based on the research and implementation of scientific research project management platform, th...
Long term use of concrete bridges faces problems such as aging and decreased structural performance, posing significant safety hazards to their use. To address this issue, a long-term reliability analysis method for concrete bridges based on an improved Bayesian network is proposed. Hierarchical and expert methods are used to analyze the influencin...
Smart Maintenance in Industry 4.0 is reshaping asset management by integrating cyber-physical systems, real-time data analytics, and advanced optimization methodologies to enable predictive, autonomous, and efficient maintenance strategies. In this context, the integration of Digital Twins (DTs) and Lean Six Sigma (LSS) presents a powerful approach...
Data Centers (DCs) are critical infrastructures that support the digital world, requiring fast and reliable information transmission for sustainability. Ensuring their reliability and efficiency is essential for minimizing risks and maintaining operations. This study presents a novel availability-driven approach to optimizing maintenance costs in D...
The characteristics of pavement texture are key determinants of skid resistance, directly affecting tire-pavement interactions. This study examines the relationship between separated pavement textures and friction coefficients under dry and wet conditions. Using 3D laser scanning, texture data were collected from 40 asphalt pavement sections in Nan...
Abstrak Jembatan adalah infrastruktur penghubung dua bagian daerah terputus karena adanya rintangan. Berdasarkan bentangnya, jembatan diklasifikasikan menjadi jembatan pendek dengan panjang L≤ 30 m, jembatan sedang dengan panjang 30 < L < 100 m, dan jembatan panjang dengan panjang L ≥ 100 m. Tahun 2019 Bina Teknik Jalan dan Jembatan telah mend...
This article focuses on improving the effectiveness of slope protection and proposes a series of effective strategies. In terms of vegetation selection, based on local natural conditions, drought tolerant vegetation such as lemon and sea buckthorn are selected in arid areas, rhododendrons and tea trees are selected in acidic soil areas, and Robinia...
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a critical technology for ensuring infrastructure safety, extending their service life, and reducing their maintenance costs. With the rapid development of digital twin (DT) technology, an increasing number of studies have implemented DT in SHM systems. This study provides a detailed analysis of the role of DT...
Wind turbine operation and maintenance (O&M) faces significant challenges due to the complexity of equipment, harsh operating environments, and the difficulty of real-time fault prediction. Traditional methods often fail to provide timely and accurate warnings, leading to increased downtime and maintenance costs. To address these issues, this study...
Airport facility management requires innovative and coordinated techniques due to the infrastructure’s complexity, stakeholders’ diversity, and the necessity of safety. Adopting building information management (BIM) as an advanced technology has several benefits, including increased productivity, lower cost, and higher quality of service. This stud...
This research aimed to developed a predictive mathematical model for sustainable residential building maintenance and assessed the level of physical condition of residential buildings in Tambari Housing Estate (Bauchi state). A case study design approach was adopted for this research to develop models for sustainable residential building maintenanc...
This research paper evaluated the level of effectiveness of facilities management in the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital (ATBUTH) in Bauchi town; the existing scope, strategy, practices & roles, challenges with regard to the effectiveness of their management of facilities, engineering and maintenance services. The state of facil...
Proper management of vehicle structural factors related to public transportation safety is vital to formulate maintenance strategies and to enhance transportation safety. Therefore, this work aims to comprehensively identify potential structural factors, assess their impacts as regards causing public transportation vehicle malfunctions, and underst...
Downtime in production lines poses significant challenges to manufacturing efficiency, leading to financial losses and reduced productivity. This study explores the impact of proactive maintenance strategies in minimizing unplanned equipment failures and improving operational performance. By shifting from corrective maintenance to preventive and pr...
The excellence in maintenance is closely linked to an organization's ability to ensure safety, performance, adequate costs, and reliability of its assets. Achieving maintenance excellence requires the adoption of effective management practices that elevate the maturity level of processes. This study explores a model for evaluating maintenance manag...
With the rapid advancement of information technology, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is being increasingly utilized in the construction industry, demonstrating significant potential and value in construction operations and maintenance management. Based on this, this paper conducts an in-depth discussion on BIM technology in building operation...
The research investigated the determinants of maintenance of hospital buildings.
Background: Heart failure is a chronic illness that lowers quality of life and causes recurrent hospital readmissions. A nursing education program can enhance quality of life, reduce stress levels, and promote self-care. Aim: To estimate the effectiveness of a nursing educational program on self-care heart failure index in patients with heart failu...
Purpose
The research objective is to establish a smart system for building operation and maintenance using self-organizing map-based cluster merging (SOMCM) algorithm.
Design/methodology/approach
The process begins with a thorough literature review to establish the interface framework, followed by its design. An empirical study in Taoyuan City’s i...
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the maintenance strategies applied to the Latifiya-Musayib highway section to improve the pavement condition that significantly deteriorated due to military operations during and after the third Gulf War. The functional evaluation measured the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) every five years. The measuremen...
The implementation of a ship machinery maintenance management system is an important aspect to improve operational efficiency and reduce costs. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the success of the maintenance management system, focusing on training and human resource development. The method used in this research is secondary dat...
Cattle farming in Merauke Regency is still mostly simple, maintained semi-intensively and extensively. Most farmers keep livestock only as savings. Most still depend on nature, especially in the provision of feed, and leave livestock for days in the forest, this will have an impact on the health and productivity of livestock, and this is thought to...
Using an integrated method of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Corrective Maintenance (CM), and Preventive Maintenance (PM), this study created an optimal maintenance scheduling model for industrial systems. When the concept was applied to power generation equipment, it resulted in notable increases in cost savings, efficiency, and dependability....
This research develops a hierarchical framework for adopting lean and agile maintenance practices enabled by Industry 4.0 in the automobile industry. Nineteen factors from agile manufacturing, lean concepts, industry 4.0 technologies, and maintenance management were identified. A structured self-intersection matrix was constructed and then converte...
In recent decades, the condition of many bridge structures has deteriorated and the need for maintenance measures has increased. Until now, these maintenance measures have mainly been carried out manually and reactively. The use of digital 3D models based on Building Information Modelling (BIM) can remedy this situation and create the basis for pre...
As China’s tourism industry enters a new era of high-quality development, the immersive experience becomes a business form full of challenge to keep theme parks’ sustainable development. In order to promote win-win strategies for theme parks and tourists, this paper takes Chengdu Happy Valley as an example to focus on the tourist satisfaction and c...
The reliability of the power supply in medium voltage distribution networks is crucial in the Kinondoni North region due to the growing demand for reliable electricity, increasing by approximately 20 MW per year. However, power supply reliability is compromised by several factors such as aging infrastructure, equipment failures, vandalism, natural...
With the increasing complexity of offshore wind turbine structures and the rapid expansion of wind power projects, efficient, reliable, and robust fault diagnosis and condition monitoring methods have become crucial for effective operation and maintenance management. Wind turbine condition monitoring plays a pivotal role in improving operational ef...
This study aims to determine the success rate of artificial insemination of Simmental and Ongole crossbreed cattle in Purwanegara and the factors that influence its success. The results of the study of the success rate of artificial insemination showed that the average value of Secvice Per Conception (S/C) Simmental was 1.394 ± 0.125 and Ongole cro...
Over recent decades, the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across various industrial fields from automation to cybersecurity has been transformative. Whilst the implementations of linking AI and data sciences remain complex and thus limited, they both aim to harness data for actionable insights and future predictions. A research focal...
Subsurface drip irrigation is an advanced technique that significantly enhances agricultural water efficiency and conserves irrigation resources. The Heilonggang region is highly representative of the maize–wheat rotation system in China. This region was selected for conducting operations and maintenance experiments on subsurface drip irrigation sy...
To address the challenge of inefficient data management in computer operation and maintenance across various scales, the author suggests an artificial intelligence-driven platform for computer system operation and maintenance interaction. A computer operation and maintenance management approach has been devised, leveraging artificial intelligence t...
This study analyzes the legal responsibility of road organizers, legal protection for road users, and public participation in the maintenance of provincial roads in East Java. The background of this research is the significant road damage, covering 154 kilometers, which impacts the safety of road users and the smoothness of socio-economic activitie...
With rapid technological evolution, Energy Management Information Systems (EMIS) have improved energy and water consumption visibility and provided the ability to rapidly detect
energy and water waste. However, their integration with facilities management has had little attention from researchers. This study explores the design and optimization of...
In the process of urban development, old blocks face issues such as long construction times, outdated buildings and facilities, and poor environmental quality, which do not meet the current requirements for the construction and development of resilient cities. Resilience regeneration of old blocks is an important measure to improve public satisfact...
An effective maintenance management is predominantly important for university building, but commentators advocated it is more important for the maintenance strategies to be designed based on the efficient use of capital and resources. Commentators pointed out there has been a critical demand to improve the traditional building maintenance policy th...
This research explores the multifaceted domain of Building Maintenance Management (BMM), focusing on issues, challenges, and assessment methodologies. A comprehensive review of literature spanning various academic disciplines and professional fields was conducted to synthesize existing knowledge and identify gaps in understanding. The study investi...
This study proposes a comprehensive framework for digitalizing and managing assets with low initial digital maturity, focusing on their operation and maintenance (O&M) lifecycle. The framework integrates Internet of Things (IoT) networks with Asset Health Index (AHI) models through four interconnected components. The Asset Definition Model ensures...
The need for sustainability assessments in the built environment is growing due to the rapid changes in the environment as a result of global climate change, resource depletion, and environmental degradation. Therefore, the study aims to establish a comprehensive model that considers sustainability principles when evaluating the facilities performa...
This study has established that studies have not yet been applied to any sector of the economy except for few that studied hotel facility management because most studies in Nigeria have mostly been devoted to clarifying what facilities management (FM) really entails and distinguishing it from the traditionally practiced property management and main...
Power transformers are critical assets in TANESCO's grid substations, playing a vital role in ensuring a reliable and uninterrupted power supply. However, the growing challenges of ageing infrastructure, increasing energy demand, and reactive maintenance practices often lead to unplanned outages, higher operational costs, and reduced transformer av...
The Sobangan Cattle Breeding Center is currently relying on a manual recording system administered by the office to document cattle data. Due to the substantial number of cattle, such a manual method proves inefficient. The solution lies in SIDEWI, a comprehensive digital recording system for the data. Therefore, this research assessed the breeding...
Resumen El Mantenimiento Productivo Total (TPM) como estrategia integral ha demostrado reducir los costos de mantenimiento, aumentar la disponibilidad de equipos y mejorar la calidad. Sin embargo, su adopción global ha sido desigual: algunas regiones lideran su implementación, mientras que otras enfrentan desafíos como la falta de compromiso de la...
Risk-based maintenance is a well-known maintenance concept in the oil and gas sector, especially in the Norwegian continental shelf and has been supported by the NORSOK Z-008 standard since 2011. Green transition and Industry 4.0 with its digitization and technology transformations have enforced the risk-based maintenance program to be dynamic and...
Building information modeling (BIM) has proven to be a valuable technology in the fields of architecture, construction management, and maintenance management. However, its full implementation in structural engineering remains unfulfilled due to the persistent use of outdated design methods. Insufficient automation in the design process could lead t...
The versatility of Industrial Engineering means that professionals face productivity and efficiency challenges in different types and sizes of organizations. To deal with these challenges, practical tools for process optimization are needed, such as Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), which are highly relev...
Industry 4.0, leveraging tools like AI and the massive generation of data, is driving a paradigm shift in maintenance management. Specifically, in the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI), traditionally “black box” models are now being unveiled through explainable AI techniques, which provide insights into model decision-making processes. This stu...
The emergence of the digital twin (DT) concept provides a new development direction for the digital transformation and upgrading of road health monitoring and maintenance management. Current road digitization technologies primarily focus on the integration and management of easily perceived and measurable asset and maintenance data. However, they s...
Maintenance system is an activity conducted to ensure that machines or equipment are always ready to use. PT. RAPP uses a filler machine in the nursery area to fill cocopeat media into trays. The filler machine works optimally at a capacity of 600 kg (multiplied by two cycles) to fill 180 trays per day. When experiencing damage, this filler machine...
Industrial buildings are a key element in the industrial fabric, and their maintenance is essential to ensure their proper functioning and avoid disruptions and costly economic losses. Continuous maintenance based on an accurate diagnosis makes it possible to meet the challenges of aging infrastructures, which demands a reliable data-based assessme...
PT. Vertikal Akses Asia is a company that distributes parking machines. Initial studies indicate that parking machine malfunctions and maintenance data have not been well documented. Therefore, PT. Vertikal Akses Asia needs a system that can improve the efficiency of its machine maintenance management. This research aims to design and develop the i...
The maintenance of medical equipment is one of the major factors that enhance healthcare quality and decrease costs around the world. Proper maintenance of medical devices guarantees assistance, reliability, and efficiency, which are vital for effective healthcare service in resource-limited nations. The failure of properly effective systems of mai...
This study examines the effects of maintenance on public school buildings in Oshimili South, Warri South, and Ughelli North Local Government Areas of Delta State, Nigeria. Utilizing a survey research design, data were collected through questionnaires of 56 public school buildings, supplemented by secondary data from literature and online resources....
The mining industry is vital in securing Indonesia's energy security and economic growth. Within these facilities there exist many pieces of equipment that require maintenance. To ensure the safety, operational performance, and cost-effectiveness of this facility, proper maintenance management is crucial, one of them being Reliability Centered Main...
Background: Blockchain technology can transform military operations, increasing security and transparency and gaining efficiency. It addresses many problems related to data security, privacy, communication, and supply chain management. The most researched aspects are its integration with emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, the I...
The long-term safety and durability of anchor systems are the focus of slope maintenance management and sustainable operation. This study presents the observed temperature, humidity, and anchor bolt stress at varying depths from four-year remote real-time monitoring of the selected loess highway cut-slope. The potential correlation between slope hy...
The orthodontic–paediatric interface ensures that children are assessed and managed by the right people, in the right place, at the right time. This two-part series offers general dental practitioners (GDPs) and specialists an update on common joint orthodontic–paediatric problems in the mixed dentition alongside practical considerations to resolve...
In order to improve the safety and reliability of nuclear reactors, and improve the digital and intelligent level of operation and maintenance management, a digital twin technology architecture for nu-clear reactor intelligent operation and maintenance was proposed based on the connotation analysis of nu-clear reactor digital twin technology. Based...