MSA - Science topic

The current study examined the digital marketing strategies of social media in the convenience sector, in North Greece. Specifically, the evaluation was based on the outranking method Preference Ranking Organization Method (PROMETHE II) and multivariate statistical analysis (MSA).

The hot cross bun (HCB) sign is a cruciform-shaped hyperintensity on axial T2 weighted-image magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mostly reported with multiple system atrophy (MSA). However, several other diagnoses were reported with this radiologic manifestation as well. This review investigates the wide spectrum of disorders in which the HCB sign ha...

Recent breakthroughs in neurodegenerative disease research have markedly advanced our understanding, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), Huntington’s Disease (HD), Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy...

The European beef carcass grading scheme prioritizes meat yield over consumer eating experience, in contrast to the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) grading scheme, which is more focused on eating quality. The Italian-French beef production system, mostly characterized by young bulls and heifers imported from France and then fattened within Italian s...

Objective This study aimed to characterize nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) features in patients with different subtypes of Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) and to investigate the correlations between NVC findings, myositis-specific antibody (MSA) subtypes, disease activity, cytokine profiles, and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression...

Motivation: The latest generation of deep learning-based structure prediction methods enable accurate modelling of most proteins and many complexes. However, preparing inputs for the locally installed software is not always straightforward, and the results of local runs are not always presented in an ideally accessible fashion. Furthermore, it is n...

Background and objectives Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are complex autoimmune diseases that present with a range of systemic and oral manifestations including dental decay and alterations in the oral microbiome profile. The purpose of this study was to compare the fungal and bacterial profile of supragingival den...

The computational complexity of many key bioinformatics problems has resulted in numerous alternative heuristic solutions, where no single approach consistently outperforms all others. This creates difficulties for users trying to identify the most suitable tool for their dataset and for developers managing and evaluating alternative methods. As da...

In Iraq, the high incidence and recurrence rates of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) underscore the need for a multifaceted approach to prevention and management. The study aims to direct molecularly detection of the prevalence of S. aureus among DFUs patients using molecular assay and then nucleotide sequencing of some local S. aureus isolates to be do...

Understanding the formation and stratigraphy of sequences in southern African Middle Stone Age (MSA) sites is vital for contextualizing evidence for the evolution of modern human behaviors and cognition. Deposits at these sites often have complex formation histories, typically involving a range of anthropogenic, geogenic, and biogenic depositional...

Background Accurate differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative parkinsonisms is challenging due to overlapping early symptoms and high rates of misdiagnosis. To improve the diagnostic accuracy, we developed an integrated classification algorithm using multinomial logistic regression and Scaled Subprofile Model/Principal Component Analysis (SSM/PCA...

Efficiently modeling massive images is a long-standing challenge in machine learning. To this end, we introduce Multi-Scale Attention (MSA). MSA relies on two key ideas, (i) multi-scale representations (ii) bi-directional cross-scale communication. MSA creates O(log N) scales to represent the image across progressively coarser features and leverage...

Introduction In neurodegenerative Parkinsonism, biomarkers of α-synucleinopathy (Syn) or tauopathy (Tau) are an unmet need. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) strongly indicates Syn. However, it remains unknown if sleep features other than RBD could reflect underlying neuropathology. Here we assess sleep phenotypes of Syn or Tau...

This course is divided into 6 parts: I. Definition (genetic diversity, species diversity, ecological diversity, speciation, extinction and the birth-death model, background extinction rate, mass extinction, biodiversity hotspot) II. Ecosystem functions and services (definition, natural capital, pollination service, food and feed service) III. Bi...

Species of the genus Mammaliicoccus are recognized as opportunistic zoonotic pathogens. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Mammaliicoccus sp. RAM2, isolated from a flacherie-infected Bombyx mori L. (Nistari race) from Raiganj University, India (25.6071° N, 88.1306° E), which offers valuable genetic insights for precise species-level ident...

As AlphaFold achieves high-accuracy tertiary structure prediction for most single-chain proteins (monomers), the next 2 frontier in protein structure prediction lies in accurately modeling multi-chain protein complexes (multimers). We developed MULTICOM4, the latest version of the MULTICOM system, to improve protein complex structure prediction by...

The empirical study of children’s cognitive and evaluative reception of viewing dubbed versus subtitled animated films in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) remains largely unexplored in academic circles, with few existing discussions often relying on purely speculative assumptions. To address this issue, we conducted a qualitative study to explore the c...

Citation: Kostenko, D.; Korotkova, M.; Korotkov, E. Multiple Alignments of Protein Families with Weak Sequence Similarity Within the Family. Symmetry 2025, 17, 408. https:// Abstract: Statistically significant multiple sequence alignment construction is an important task that has many biological applications. We applied the method for multiple alig...

Typical LiDAR SLAM architectures feature a front-end for odometry estimation and a back-end for refining and optimizing the trajectory and map, commonly through loop closures. However, loop closure detection in large-scale missions presents significant computational challenges due to the need to identify, verify, and process numerous candidate pair...

We report a case that outlines the diagnostic challenge faced in differentiating between Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) in a 58-year-old man with a history of PD. Despite treatment, the patient exhibited limited response and presented with symptoms suggestive of atypical Parkinsonism, prompting a brain MRI. The MRI revea...

Sulfamic acid (SFA) significantly impacts atmospheric pollution and poses potential risks to human health. Although traditional sources of SFA and their role in sulfuric acid–dimethylamine new particle formation (NPF) have received increasing attention, the formation mechanism of SFA from HNSO2 hydrolysis with methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and its enh...

Ammonium (NH4⁺) in the marine boundary layer (MBL) was measured during the Chinese Antarctic (2015–2016) and Arctic (2021) Research Expedition. A significant latitudinal gradient in NH4⁺ concentration was observed, and NH4⁺ was mainly in the fine-mode (<2.1 μm) in the MBL. NH4⁺ showed the highest concentration in the coastal East Asia (CEA), follow...

تتناول هذه الدراسة العلاقة المعقدة بين اللغة والحرية في بلدان العالم العربي من خلال منظور المحلية، Vernacularism مستندةً إلى العمل الرائد لناصر الحجاج في كتابه المحلية العربية (2024) إن فرض اللغة العربية الفصحى (أو ما يسمى في الاصطلاح الغربي العربية القياسية الحديثة (MSA) باعتبارها الشكل الوحيد المشروع والمعترف به من بين سائر لغات العرب ـ لا يؤدي إ...

This study aimed to elucidate distinctive patterns of brain functional activity in tremor-dominant Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients and develop a diagnostic model distinguishing between the two conditions based on these changes. Resting-state fMRI data from 45 MSA patients, 55 PD patients, and 48 healthy controls...

Background The Child Opportunity Index (COI) is a measure of neighborhood conditions associated with healthy child development. Inguinal hernia repair (IHR) is a common pediatric procedure. We sought to evaluate the association between COI and complicated inguinal hernia (IH), incarcerated or strangulated IH, among children with employer-based insu...

Objective We aimed to conduct ¹⁸ F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( ¹⁸ F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to investigate the metabolic changes in brain regions associated with cognitive decline in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and to assess the diagnostic efficacy of ¹⁸ F-FDG PET imaging for evaluating the cognitive status of MSA patients....

Understanding protein dynamics and conformational states is crucial for insights into biological processes and disease mechanisms, which can aid drug development. Recently, several methods have been devised to broaden the conformational predictions made by AlphaFold2 (AF2). We introduce AFsample2, a method using random MSA column masking to reduce...

Automatic segmentation and classification of jaw lesions from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images are crucial in computer-assisted diagnosis and treatment planning for oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgery. However, the evolutionary nature of jaw lesions and their morphological diversity pose significant challenges to both segmentation and c...

When simulating new particle formation rates, collisions in the system are approximated as hard spheres without long-range interactions. This simplification may lead to an underestimation of the actual formation rate. In this study, we employ semi-empirical molecular dynamics (SEMD) at the GFN1-xTB level of theory to probe the sticking process of t...

Tight sandstone reservoirs have become a focal area in the exploration and development of oil and gas in recent years. However, the complexity of their geological conditions and the significant heterogeneity of reservoir properties make the identification of sweet spots challenging. Traditional methods heavily rely on the experience and judgment of...

While diagnostic criteria have been established and validated for most neurodegenerative diseases, the considerable overlap between individual nosological entities remains a significant diagnostic challenge. Increasing evidence suggests that neurodegeneration is often initiated by inflammation within the central nervous system. The identification o...

The spatial distribution of vegetation across metropolitan areas is important for wildlife habitat, air quality, heat mitigation, recreation, and other ecosystem services. This study investigated relationships between vegetation patterns and parcel characteristics at multiple scales of the Austin Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), a rapidly growi...

Recent decades have noted the dramatic development of communication technologies. New modes of written, audio, and visual communication have emerged through the Internet. The association between language and media is of great interest to linguists. Examination of the use of Arabic online is of interest to many researchers because of the diglossic p...

Background Early stridor onset (≤ 3 years from disease onset) is a predictor of shorter survival in Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), but its role on disease progression is not yet established. In MSA, previous studies on trajectories of disease did not include stridor and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) as clinical variable. The aims of the study w...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, with Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) playing a pivotal role in its pathology. This study integrates Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and structural bioinformatics to investigate the A25T Transthyretin crystal structure of LRRK2, aiming to elucidate its functional and evolutionar...

Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) is a challenging task that aims to understand human emotions from text, visual, and audio modalities. Existing studies struggle to capture the monotonic relationship between emotional expressions. This monotonic relationship means that the emotional intensity changes consistently with the expression amplitude whe...

In Turkey, the Development Contribution Share (DCS), used to provide public areas, has significant changes with the enactment of Law No. 7181. With this amendment, the DCS rate has been increased, its scope has been expanded, and municipal service areas (MSA) have been included within the scope of DCS. The fact that the capital of MSA’s can be part...

Background Taste impairment is a prevalent issue among individuals with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (iPD). However, understanding taste disorders among different Parkinsonism remains incomplete. Our objective was to assess the incidence and severity of taste responses to sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami substances in patients with iPD, prog...

The management and development of the Kalong Cave tourist attraction has become part of the economic source for the people of Kampung Rinca, Komodo National Park. The sustainability of the management of this tourist attraction depends on the balance between four main aspects, namely ecology, social, economy, and institutions. Therefore, a comprehen...

AlphaFold2 (AF2) has transformed protein structure prediction by harnessing co-evolutionary constraints embedded in multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). MSAs not only encode static structural information, but also hold critical details about protein dynamics, which underpin biological functions. However, these subtle co-evolutionary signatures, whi...

Recent generative learning models applied to protein multiple sequence alignment (MSA) datasets include simple and interpretable physics-based Potts covariation models and other machine learning models such as MSA-Transformer (MSA-T). The best models accurately reproduce MSA statistics induced by the biophysical constraints within proteins, raising...

The conversion of solar energy into electrical power through silicon-based photovoltaic cells faces substantial efficiency losses due to both physical and technological limitations. A key factor in these losses is the material composition of photovoltaic cells, which impacts their absorption capabilities. This paper proposes a novel metasurface-bas...

α-Synuclein (aSyn) is an intrinsically disordered protein involved in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. The pathological aggregation of this protein is a hallmark of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD) or Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). Misfolded aSyn, which primarily originates in cell cytosol, transmits between neurons, pro...

Proteins with near-identical sequences often share similar static structures. Yet, comparing crystal structures is limited or even biased by what has been included or omitted in the deposited model. Information about unique dynamics is often hidden in electron-density maps. Currently, automatic map comparisons are limited to sequence-identical stru...

Academic resilience (AR) could function as a preventative factor in mitigating a potential risk of the rising prevalence of excessive screen time and multi-screen addiction (MSA) among adolescents. The study examines the relationship between MSA and AR and the critical factors associated with these two variables in middle and high school students....

We identify galaxies hosting ionised-gas high-velocity outflows from the complete sample of medium resolution (R1000) JWST/NIRSpec MSA spectroscopy taken as part of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). From a total sample of 1087 [OIII]5007 emitters we identify 40 galaxies with a blue-side broadened [OIII]5007 line at z=2.5-9. Of th...

Ischemic stroke (IS) presents a significant challenge to global health, as conventional reperfusion strategies aimed at restoring cerebral circulation paradoxically exacerbate neurological damage. This injury primarily results from the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the initiation of a widespread neuroinflammatory respons...

Background/Objectives: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) presents a challenging diagnosis due to its clinical overlap with other neurodegenerative disorders, especially other α-synucleinopathies. The main purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess neurofilament light chain (NfL) differences in the CSF and blood of patients with M...

The goal of the study is to create an evaluation instrument to measure faculty performance under flexible learning delivery mode during pandemic. This tool will be called the Flexible Learning Delivery Evaluation Instrument (FLDEI). The goal of this research is to identify the latent components of the developed FLDEI. The study began with 31 items...

AlphaFold2 (AF2) has transformed protein structure prediction by harnessing co-evolutionary constraints embedded in multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). MSAs not only encode static structural information, but also hold critical details about protein dynamics, which underpin biological functions. However, these subtle co-evolutionary signatures, whi...

Time Series Alignment is a critical task in signal processing with numerous real-world applications. In practice, signals often exhibit temporal shifts and scaling, making classification on raw data prone to errors. This paper introduces a novel approach for Multiple Time Series Alignment (MTSA) leveraging Deep Learning techniques. While most exist...

Intrathecal Exosome therapy in Multiple System Atrophy

N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) are the two solvents/reagents most widely used in solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). While DMF is already regulated in Europe, TFA – a member of the polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) family – is expected to face similar restrictions soon. These compounds break down slowly and pose risks...

Misfolded α-synuclein (αSyn) is the hallmark of α-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). While seed amplification assays (SAA) have demonstrated ultrasensitive detection of misfolded αSyn, they have been primarily used reliably to provide binary (positive/negative) res...

This study examines the partial intralingual subtitles of the vernacular Syrian Arabic series "De'ah Dai'ah" into Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). It investigates how the audience reacted to the partial intralingual subtitling of the series and probes into how vernacular words are rendered in MSA. The current study utilizes a hybrid method, integratin...

Post-synthetic modification (PSM) is a useful strategy to introduce new functional groups to metal–organic framework (MOF) structures in order to tune their properties for different applications. One of the methodologies used for PSM of MOFs is click chemistry known for their high reaction efficiency and good compatibility with various functional g...

In the context of economic globalization, waterborne transportation plays an important role in international trade and logistics. However, waterborne traffic accidents pose a severe threat to life, property safety, and the environment. To gain a deeper understanding of the causal mechanisms behind waterborne traffic accidents, we conducted a data-d...

Query-based Transformers have been yielding impressive performance in object localization and detection tasks. However, their application to organ detection in 3D medical imaging data has been relatively unexplored. This study introduces Organ-DETR, featuring two innovative modules, MultiScale Attention (MSA) and Dense Query Matching (DQM), designe...

In response to the issues of insufficient audio feature representation and insufficient model generalization ability in music structure analysis methods, a music structure analysis method based on beat feature fusion and an improved residual network was designed. Music structure analysis (MSA) contains two tasks, boundary detection and segment labe...

Despite progress in Arabic large language models, such as Jais and AceGPT, their evaluation on commonsense reasoning has largely relied on machine-translated datasets, which lack cultural depth and may introduce Anglocentric biases. Commonsense reasoning is shaped by geographical and cultural contexts, and existing English datasets fail to capture...

We report a method of spectrum reconstruction in mid-infrared (MIR) range with a single photodetector (PD), enabled by a pre-patterned MIR filter whose transmittance spectrum is modulated by a micromechanical system (MEMS) microshutter array (MSA). By changing the opening states of the MSA pixels, a variety of transmission spectra can be generated...

With the rapid popularity of short video content, multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) has attracted extensive attention. Most previous MSA studies have focused on manually transcribed benchmark datasets, which are both costly to generate and limited in availability. In real-world applications, MSA often relies on Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR)...

The CdSe nanocrystals were synthesized in an aqueous medium containing mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA). The X‐ray diffraction study verifies that CdSe‐MSA has a cubic phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show an array of approximately spherical nanoparticles with very small sizes. The electrical and dielectric properties of these nanocrysta...

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein, progressive neuronal loss, motor impairment and widespread pathological changes, which include significant involvement of the cerebellum. To understand the early molecular mechanisms that might underlie α-synuclein-triggered MS...

Multiple system atrophy (MSA), corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are the most common atypical parkinsonisms. These adult-onset and lethal neurodegenerative disorders of unknown etiology are clinically characterized by varying combinations of autonomic, levodopa-poorly responsive parkinsonsm, motor, non-motor,...

Among the Pilates-based exercises, the modified side-arm (MSA) and modified high-five (MHF) are commonly used for shoulder strengthening and rehabilitation. This study examined shoulder girdle muscle activity and ratios across different spring intensities. Twenty-two healthy males performed the MSA and MHF using yellow (low), blue (medium), and red...

Biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was rotaxanated with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and α-CD/2-hydroxypropyl-α-CD (HP-α-CD) mixture. Stoppering was achieved by 2-mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) via disulfide linkage. The structure of these polymeric supramolecular entities was...

Given the significant damage caused by earthquakes over the years, accurate prediction and assessment of the extent of structural damage is critical to ensure safety and guide post-disaster recovery efforts. This study examines the effectiveness and reliability of various damage indexes for reinforced concrete buildings, particularly in the context...

Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA) aims to recognize human emotions by exploiting textual, acoustic, and visual modalities, and thus how to make full use of the interactions between different modalities is a central challenge of MSA. Interaction contains alignment and conflict aspects. Current works mainly emphasize alignment and the inherent diff...

Background: Saccade, pupil, and blink control are impaired in patients with α-synucleinopathies (αSYN): Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Isolated REM (rapid eye movement) Sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD) is a prodromal stage of PD and MSA and a prime candidate for investigating early oculo-pupillo-motor abnormalities that m...

As the adoption of new energy sources like photovoltaic and wind power increases alongside the influx of advanced power electronic devices, there has been a significant rise in power quality disturbance events (PQDs) within power systems. These disturbances, including harmonics and voltage dips, severely impact the stability of microgrids and the e...

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative synucleinopathy. Differentiating MSA from other synucleinopathies, especially in the early stages, is challenging because of its overlapping symptoms with other forms of Parkinsonism. Thus, there is a pressing need to clarify the underlying biological mechanisms and identify specific...

Micro-expressions (MEs) are unconscious and involuntary reactions that genuinely reflect an individual’s inner emotional state, making them valuable in the fields of emotion analysis and behavior recognition. MEs are characterized by subtle changes within specific facial action units, and effective feature learning and fusion tailored to these char...

Background Cognitive dysfunction is increasingly recognized in multiple system atrophy (MSA). Locus coeruleus (LC) integrity is associated with cognitive performance both in healthy controls (HC) and neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Furthermore, cortical glucose hypometabolism is associated with impaired cognitive perf...

Alpha-synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the spread of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates throughout the central nervous system in a stereotypical manner. These diseases include Lewy body disease (LBD), which encompass Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson’s Disease (PD), and Parkinson’s Disease Dementia (PDD), a...

This study investigates the microbial quality of ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetable salads sold in Eke-Awka market, Anambra State, Nigeria. Five salad samples were collected and analyzed for total bacterial and fungal counts using Nutrient Agar (NA), Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB), Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Bacterial i...

The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the mixtures of Eugenia polyantha (EP) and Piper betle (PB) leaves against oral bacteria. Four compositions of EP and PB were made and observed on tryptic soy agar (TSA), blood agar (BA), MacConkey agar (MCA), and mannitol salt agar (MSA). Inhibition analysis was conducted at concentrations...

Background Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common symptom of multiple system atrophy (MSA), however, its role in cognitive impairment and the mechanism in these patients remains unclear. This study aims to assess the role of OH on cognitive impairment in MSA patients, as well as to explore the potential association of cerebral autoregulation (CA)...

Protein family design emerges as a promising alternative by combining the advantages of de novo protein design and mutation-based directed evolution.In this paper, we propose ProfileBFN, the Profile Bayesian Flow Networks, for specifically generative modeling of protein families. ProfileBFN extends the discrete Bayesian Flow Network from an MSA pro...

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a vast corpus of online conversations regarding vaccines, predominantly on social media platforms like X (formerly known as Twitter). However, analyzing sentiment in Arabic text is challenging due to the diverse dialects and lack of readily available sentiment analysis resources for the Arabic language. This pape...

Nodal displacement sequences of transmission towers display high spatial coherence with changes in node positions. However, existing prediction models frequently neglect the relationship between temporal and spatial, resulting in suboptimal prediction performance. Therefore, we proposed TS-Net, a novel short-term state prediction model for transmis...

Using methods of physicochemical analysis: differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), microstructural analysis (MSA), as well as determination of microhardness and density, the As2Te3-TlS system was studied and a T-x phase diagram was constructed. The phase diagram of the As2Te3-TlS system belongs to the partially quasi-...

شكّلت ظاهرة الازدواج اللغوي في اللغة العربية، والمتمثلة في وجود لغتين إحداهما تمثل الشكل الأدبي المكتوب (اللغة العربية الفصحى) والأخرى المتمثلة باللهجات المحكية المتنوعة، موضوعاً للبحث الأكاديمي منذ زمن طويل. في حين أن الدراسات المبكرة، مثل تلك التي أجراها چارلز فيرگسون وصالح جواد الطعمة، قدَّمت الازدواجية على أنها تطور لغوي طبيعي، فإن أبحاثاً حديث...

Introduction Hiatal Hernia (HH) repairs are commonly performed using a laparoscopic (L) approach. Recently, the robotic-assisted (RA) approach was introduced. The objective of the study is to describe our experience and analyze patient-centered clinical outcomes of RA-HH repairs with and without MSA (Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation). Methods Patie...

The face of education has been changing over the past couple of decades-from new teaching methodologies to a greater emphasis on student-centered learning. Indeed, research has documented that academic satisfaction is a leading contributor to students’ successful and healthy experiences throughout college. Furthermore, this growth in technology has...