Lung Cancer - Science topic

Objectives Lung cancer remains a major health concern in Japan, with over 126,000 cases diagnosed in 2019. Surgery is the primary treatment for stage I–III non-small-cell lung cancer. The 6-min walk test is widely used to assess physical endurance before and after surgery, with preoperative distances below 500 m associated with prolong hospital sta...

Chest X-ray (CXR) images are essential tools in the diagnosis of various lung diseases, but their interpretation is complex and requires expertise. Recent advances in deep learning have shown promise in automating the process of multi-label classification, where models simultaneously identify multiple diseases in a single CXR. However, the "black-b...

Lung cancer, known for its high morbidity and mortality rates, remains one of the most critical health challenges globally. Conventional treatment options, such as chemotherapy and surgery, are often limited by high costs, significant side effects, and often yield a poor prognosis. Notably, recent research has shed light on the potential therapeuti...

Background Predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) facilitates clinical treatment decisions. Our study aimed to establish a machine learning model that accurately predicts the pathological complete response (pCR) using ¹⁸F-FDG PET radiomics features. Methods We retros...

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Vinorelbine is a type of chemotherapy that is used to treat people with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It can be infused into a vein or taken orally in the form of capsules, which is easier and more convenient because patients do not have to go to hospital to get treatment. This analysis took data from four clinical tria...

Exposure assessment in occupational epidemiology may involve multiple unknown quantities that are measured or reconstructed simultaneously for groups of workers and over several years. Additionally, exposures may be collected using different assessment strategies, depending on the period of exposure. As a consequence, researchers who are analyzing...

Although pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) are encountered as common incidental findings, limited evidence exists regarding antibiotic prescriptions in managing GGNs. This study aimed to examine the clinical impact of antibiotics in treating patients presenting with GGNs. This retrospective study was conducted at West China Hospital of Sichuan...

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cancer, causing death and disability. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have had an increasing role in the management of patients with advanced NSCLC. These treatments can produce an excellent curative effect, but the side effects should not be ignored. Skin toxicities such as papulopustular er...

Purpose In patients with metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression, there is still a lack of biomarkers to identify patients with maximum benefit from first‐line treatment with checkpoint inhibitor therapy (CIT) alone. This work examines the impact of different ABO blood groups (BG) on the...

Introdução: O câncer de pulmão é uma das principais causas de morte por câncer em todo o mundo, com altas taxas de incidência e mortalidade. Nos últimos anos, houve um crescente interesse por técnicas cirúrgicas minimamente invasivas no tratamento do câncer de pulmão, com o objetivo de reduzir os danos aos tecidos, acelerar a recuperação e melhorar...

Introduction Patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATs) for lung cancer (LC) frequently experience prolonged symptoms that can significantly affect their quality of life (QoL). Patients and methods This study employed a longitudinal observational design. The MDASI and QLQ-C30 were utilized to evaluate symptoms and QoL one day...

O tabagismo continua sendo um dos principais desafios globais de saúde pública, impactando significativamente o sistema cardiorrespiratório. Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar e sintetizar as evidências científicas sobre as repercussões do cigarro tradicional e dos dispositivos eletrônicos de fumar na saúde cardiovascular e respiratória. Para i...

Purpose The low follow-up compliance of young and middle-aged patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary nodules warrants attention, primarily due to a series of factors such as occupational, familial, and social pressures. Enhancing follow-up adherence is essential for preventing pulmonary nodule progression and reducing lung cancer mortality. Existi...

Purpose Appropriate local therapy may provide survival benefits in oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving chemotherapy or targeted therapy. However, its roles in immunotherapy-treated patients have not been fully understood. Methods PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-treated metastatic NSCLC patients were enrolled in a prospective...

The heterogeneous treatment effect plays a crucial role in precision medicine. There is evidence that real-world data, even subject to biases, can be employed as supplementary evidence for randomized clinical trials to improve the statistical efficiency of the heterogeneous treatment effect estimation. In this paper, for survival data with right ce...

Purpose To measure the gradient system transfer function (GSTF) of an MR‐Linac (Elekta Unity, Stockholm, Sweden) using an accessible phantom‐based method and to apply trajectory corrections for UTE image reconstruction in the context of MR‐guided radiotherapy of lung cancer. Methods The first‐order GSTF of a 1.5 T, split gradient Elekta Unity MR‐L...

Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common urological malignancy and second only to lung cancer in incidence among men. Its prognosis varies widely due to its heterogeneity. Research indicates that fatty acid metabolism may play a role in tumor development. Methods The gene expression profiles of PCa cell lines (GSE6919) in GEO database w...

Objective The sensitivity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as monotherapy is low in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations (ex20ins). This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of the combination of ICI and chemotherapy (ICI-combined regimen) in a real-world...

Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally and the most common type of cancer in China, posing significant health and socio-economic challenges. Despite the effectiveness of psychological interventions for death anxiety, discussions around death are often avoided in China due to cultural taboos and neglect of end-...

Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is a rare subtype of non-small cell lung cancer with morphological and immunohistochemical features that are nearly indistinguishable from those of metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Owing to these overlapping features, diagnosis and treatment of PEAC can present a clinical challenge. We report the case of a 78...

O câncer de pulmão é a principal causa de morte por câncer no mundo, sendo responsável por 14,1 milhões de novos casos de câncer e 8,2 milhões de mortes ao ano. O tabagismo é o principal fator de risco para o desenvolvimento do câncer de pulmão (CP). Entretanto, o risco de desenvolver a doença varia de acordo com alguns fatores, como idade, quantid...

Background This study examined the effectiveness of preoperative inflammatory markers in predicting the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia (POP) and clinical outcomes based on chest computed tomography (CT) images in patients who underwent surgical resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods This retrospective study included NSCLC...

Radiotherapy (RT) resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a significant contributor to tumor recurrence. NAT10, an enzyme that catalyzes ac4C RNA modification, has an unclear role in RT resistance. This study aimed to explore the function of NAT10 in RT resistance in NSCLC. RT-resistant NSCLC cell lines (PC9R and A549R) were established...

Lung cancer presents a substantial worldwide health concern, standing as one of the leading causes of cancer-related fatalities. Computed tomography (CT) imaging has become vital for diagnosing lung diseases, especially in identifying pulmonary nodules early on, which is important for planning treatment. Detecting small nodules with variations in C...

Chronic smoking remains one of the most significant public health concerns worldwide, serving as a major risk factor for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as various types of cancer. This study explores the impact of smoking on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer, focusing on aspects such as prevalence, sympt...

Lung cancer is the most lethal form of cancer. This paper introduces a novel framework to discern and classify pulmonary disorders such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and lung cancer by analyzing conventional X-ray and CT scan images called lung cancer risk prediction (LCRP) model. LCRP has four modules, namely data collection and preprocessing, data...

Background Improving the quality of life (QOL) of lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy is an indispensable part of cancer treatment, as it not only pertains to their physical health but also to their psychological and social well-being. Previous research has primarily focused on investigating health-related quality of life, while studies sp...

Lung cancer, one of the most lethal malignancies, has seen its therapeutic strategies become a focal point of significant scientific attention. Intrinsic immune signaling pathways play crucial roles in anti-tumor immunity but face clinical application challenges despite promising preclinical outcomes. Lactylation, an emerging research focus, may in...

Introduction Radiotherapy departments need to allocate appropriate treatment appointment times to maintain quality of care. Lung cancer patients typically exceed their appointment time due to their increased co-morbidities. Modern radiotherapy methods have reduced treatment time; however, different complexity factors cannot be predicted, indicating...

Adjuvant chemotherapy increases overall survival of patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer. Adjuvant therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have further improved outcome in selected patients. These therapeutic achievements are discussed in the present commentary.

Osimertinib—a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor—is recommended as adjuvant therapy for resected stage IB–IIIA epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer, based on significant disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival improvement shown in the previously reported phase 3 ADAURA...

Spread through air spaces (STAS) represents a newly identified aggressive pattern in lung cancer, which is known to be associated with adverse prognostic factors and complex pathological features. Pathologists currently rely on time consuming manual assessments, which are highly subjective and prone to variation. This highlights the urgent need for...

Background: In a previous study, we explored real-world programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) testing and treatment patterns for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the era of immune-oncology. The present study aimed to investigate overall survival (OS) with PD-(L)1 inhibitors with longer-term follow-up in the Swedish setting....

Despite low PD‐L1 (Programmed Death‐ligand 1) expression, this patient exhibited a dramatic positron emission tomography‐computed tomography response to dual immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy. This case highlights the potential benefits of combination therapy beyond traditional PD‐L1‐based treatment selection.

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a standard of care in multiple cancers. Only a minority benefits, thus, optimal use and treatment duration remain indistinct. While biomarkers albeit PD-L1 are scarce, declined performance status and cancer-related systemic inflammation detected by blood inflammatory markers such as C-reactive prot...

Background Fei Yanning Formula (FYN) is extensively applied in clinical lung cancer treatment. However, the specific active constituents and targets of its therapeutic effects remain unclear. Objective The study aims to explore the active constituents and mechanism of FYN in delaying osimertinib resistance by network pharmacology analysis and expe...

Plain language summary Review on the use of immunotherapy in lung cancer harboring KRAS G12C mutation In lung cancer, certain genes drive the growth of the disease. One common mutation is in the KRAS gene, specifically the KRAS G12C mutation, which occurs in about half of KRAS lung cancer. This mutation is particularly important because there are t...

Background. If lung cancer in never-smokers was a single disease entity, it would be the sixth most commonly occurring malignancy. Despite the population impact, its risk factors are poorly understood owing to a dearth of larger-scale, well-characterised studies. Methods. We pooled individual-participant data from 18 prospective cohort studies comp...

This work presents a Bayesian classifier technique to categorize patients based on predictive biomarkers of time-to-event data utilizing the Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) model incorporating the frailty effect. Before classification, efficient and significant markers from a high-dimensional gene expression dataset need to be identified. Currently,...

Objective To investigate the feasibility of active heart sparing (AHS) planning in patients with locally advanced and centrally located NSCLC receiving standard definitive radiotherapy (RT), while maintaining or improving appropriate lung, esophagus, and spinal cord constraints and planning target volume (PTV) coverage intent. Methods and material...

Introduction: Nodal involvement is one of the most important prognostic factors in NSCLC. Skip-N2 metastasis (N0N2), which is N2 metastasis in the absence of N1 metastasis, occurs in approximately 20–30% of patients. According to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, N1 and N0N2 patients may have comparable long-term survival,...

ROS1 chromosomic rearrangement is a rare oncogenic driver, and patients with this rearrangement benefit from specific targeted treatments in the first-line setting. However, therapeutic options are limited in pretreated patients. Brigatinib is a validated drug for ALK rearrangements, and also has an in vitro activity against ROS1. In vivo efficacy...

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor. Lung cancer patients with ALK and EML4 fusions respond significantly to ALK inhibitors. The EML4-ALK fusion gene mutation is the result of an inversion of chromosome 2, which juxtaposes the 5 end of the EML4 gene with the 3 end of the ALK gene. In SCLC, the frequency of fusion gen...

Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), has become a cornerstone in the treatment of EGFR-mutated (EGFRm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with notable efficacy against common EGFR mutations, the T790M resistance mutation, and in treating brain metastases. Despite its benefits, resis...

Aims. This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of frailty, and investigate the impact of frailty on adverse outcomes, in older patients with cancer in Vietnam. Methods. A prospective, observational study was conducted in adults aged 65 or above with cancer who attended the outpatient clinics of two urban hospitals in Vietnam from September 2023...

Objectives Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has displayed considerable advantages in consolidation therapy of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT). However, many patients are considered unsuitable for cCRT owing to concerns with tolerability. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy...

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely expressed in a variety of cell types and are involved in multiple physiological regulatory mechanisms in cells, tissues and systems. Increasing evidence suggests that the α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α5-nAChR), encoded by the CHRNA5 gene, is one of a key mediator involved in lung cancer...

Background and Objectives: ROS1 rearrangement is a rare but targetable alteration in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), occurring in 1–2% of cases. Crizotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials, but real-world data remain limited. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of crizotinib in ROS1-rearranged...

Finding cancerous tumors before they spread is very beneficial and might potentially save patients' lives. The availability of reliable and automated lung cancer detection devices is crucial for both cancer diagnosis and radiation treatment planning. Because of the abundance of data, the tumor's size fluctuation, and its location, a CT scan of a lu...

Lung cancer remains the most common cancer worldwide, with a limited prognosis despite personalized treatment regimens. Low-dose computed tomography (CT) scanning as a means of early diagnosis has been disappointing due to the high false positive rate. Other non-invasive means of testing need to be developed that offer both timely diagnosis and pre...

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. In China, nearly half of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients carry epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have significantly improved the prognosis for patients with EGFR mutations and are considered the preferred...

Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) is an effective tool for reducing lung cancer (LC) mortality by enabling early detection. In 2022, the European Commission endorsed LDCT screening for smokers; however, to date, only a few countries have implemented LC screening programmes. Effectively reaching groups most likely to benefit from LC screening and...

Background of this study was among cancers; lung cancer is a major killer on a global scale. It is essential to accurately classify cancer subtypes in order to determine effective therapy options for lung cancer, a common and fatal disease. The methods used in the study were classification algorithms for analysing data of lung cancer cases. Lung ca...

Background: Half of NSCLC patients present with stage IV disease where a cure is not possible. The use of a hypofractionated RT schedule has economic and logistic advantages for Radiation Oncology departments and a higher degree of patient convenience than conventional fractionation. Objective: To evaluate outcomes between 17 Gy in 2 fractions and...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs which are associated with post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Dysfunction or aberrant expression of miRNAs is predominant in various malignancies including lung cancer. Lung cancer is one of the commonest causes of cancer-related death worldwide, with a five-year survival of...

Background Bone metastasis (BoM) is common in advanced cancer, but its incidence in pleural mesothelioma (PM) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the incidence of BoM in PM patients and assess its prognosis and risk factors to clarify its clinical significance. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 515 histologically confirm...

Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Targeted therapies, specifically attacking cancer cells based on genetic mutations, offer promising alternatives. ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) fusions result in aberrant proteins that drive cancer growth. Drugs like crizotinib and ceritinib have shown efficacy in treating ALK-posit...

A conferência familiar é uma ferramenta terapêutica desenvolvida para aliviar o sofrimento dos pacientes em cuidados paliativos e de seus acompanhantes, que frequentemente enfrentam conflitos, sobrecarga física e sofrimento psicológico. Este estudo investigou, de maneira exploratória, a experiência da participação na conferência familiar de pacient...

Background Machine learning (ML) based mortality prediction models can be immensely useful in intensive care units. Such a model should generate warnings to alert physicians when a patient’s condition rapidly deteriorates, or their vitals are in highly abnormal ranges. Before clinical deployment, it is important to comprehensively assess a model’s...

Recent advances in imaging and sequencing technologies have led to significant advancements in clinical research on lung cancer. However, the amount of information that the human brain can properly digest and utilize is limited. Lung cancer has been extensively detailed by integrating and analyzing this vast and complex amount of data from a variet...

The EarlyCDT-Lung® test detects elevated levels of tumour-associated autoantibodies generated in response to immune recognition of cancerous cells, and these autoantibodies have previously been shown to precede clinical presentation of lung cancer. Using a longitudinal cohort from the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (...

Objective: To study the measures and effects of advanced lung cancer patients in terms of complication prevention and care. Methods: 50 cases of advanced lung cancer patients were selected for data study during January–December 2023, where the patients were divided into two groups. The study group used complication prevention and nursing care, whil...

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Purpose: An inverse association between the use of platelet inhibitors and the risk of cancer has been reported by numerous epidemiological studies in the past. The effects of antiplatelet agents on the cerebral metastasis formation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are largely unknown. We therefore, investigated the effect of platelet inhibiti...

Lung cancer remains a major global health challenge, and accurate pathological examination is crucial for early detection. This study aims to enhance hyperspectral pathological image analysis by refining annotations at the cell level and creating a high-quality hyperspectral dataset of lung tumors. We address the challenge of coarse manual annotati...

Advancements in immunotherapy, the phenomenon of hyperprogression in cancer patients, have garnered increasing attention. We herein report a case of acute adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) that developed after administration of the PD-L1 inhibitor durvalumab in a patient with lung cancer. Although the patient was a carrier of human T-cell leukem...

Background Black patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are more often diagnosed at a later stage and receive inadequate evaluation and treatment compared to White patients. We aimed to identify factors representing exposure to structural racism that mediate the association between race and NSCLC care. Methods We queried Surveillance, Ep...

Aims Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) pose a significant challenge to the clinical use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer immunotherapy. This study aims to determine whether comorbid conditions such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia affect the risk of irAEs in cancer patients receiving ICIs treatments....

Purpose This is a preliminary analysis of one of the secondary endpoints in the prospective study cohort. The aim of this study is to assess the image quality and diagnostic confidence for lung cancer of CT images generated by using cadmium–zinc–telluride (CZT)-based photon-counting-detector-CT (PCD-CT) and comparing these super-high-resolution (SH...

Current European/US guidelines recommend that molecular testing in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) be performed using next‐generation sequencing (NGS). However, the global uptake of NGS is limited, largely owing to reimbursement constraints. We compared real‐world costs of NGS and single‐gene testing (SGT) in nonsquamous aNSCLC. This o...

Objective: To identify differences in systemic cancer therapy for the four most incident cancers among different treatment centers in the PuHS and to compare these treatments to Protocol and Treatment Standards (PTS) established by the Ministry of Health (MH) as well as to the standard practiced in the private health system (PrHS). Methods: Using t...