Lung Cancer - Science topic

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally, and accurate segmentation of lung nodules is critical for its early detection and diagnosis. However, small nodules often have low contrast and are challenging to distinguish from noise and other structures in medical images, making accurate segmentation difficult. In this...

span>Cancer is a disease that results from the unnatural proliferation of aberrant cells that infest the body’s healthy cells and spread throughout the body. Lung cancer is characterized by an imbalance in the cells of the affected organs, namely the lungs. The prediction of lung cancer at an early stage is very important, particularly in countries...

Background Respirable crystalline silica (RCS) is associated with the development of lung cancer. However, there is uncertainty around the exposure threshold at which exposure to RCS may pose a clear risk for the development of lung cancer. The objective of this study was to review the cut-off points at which the risk of mortality or incidence of l...

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the commercially available artificial intelligence-based software CXR-AID for the automatic detection of pulmonary nodules on the chest radiographs of patients suspected of having lung cancer. This retrospective study included 399 patients with clinically suspected lung cancer who underwent CT and che...

Purpose: Robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) has become popular because of its minimally invasive nature and reduced burden on surgeons. The anterior approach (AA) is beneficial because it utilizes the same field of view and procedures as thoracotomy and video-assisted thoracic surgery, although the disadvantages are less well-known. Methods: We...

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the second most common cancer worldwide, resulting in 1.8 million deaths per year. Most patients are diagnosed with a metastatic disease. Brain metastases are one of the most common metastatic sites and are associated with severe neurological symptoms, shorter survival, and the worst clinical outcomes. Brain ra...

Background: Approximately 5%-15% of surgically treated cN0 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are classified as pN2 disease (cN0/pN2). Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a widely accepted minimally invasive nodal staging modality with a high diagnostic yield. We compared the survival outcome of cN0/pN2...

Purpose Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) has been reported to reduce patients’ quality of life and impair cancer treatment by causing anticancer drug withdrawal or interruption. However, there are currently no effective methods for the prevention of CIPN. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors may be associated with...

Smoking among Spanish women has increased during the last 50 years and is considered by some authors a modern epidemic. However, mortality risk by cohorts may differ at a regional level, given that health inequalities (and the determinants of smoking and its consequences) are regionally patterned. We applied an Age-Period-Cohort model to identify b...

Background The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring neurotrophin receptor kinase (NTRK) family mutations remains obscure. Methods The Zehir cohort from cBioPortal was used to analyze the mutations (MT) frequency of NTRK family in patients with NSCLC, and their correlation with cli...

Simple Summary: This article synthesizes the published scientific literature and covers a lack of evidence related to lung cancer patients, their quality of life and the chance to be improved by the physical activity performance. After including 13 articles and assessing obtained results through five meta-analyses, the findings of the current syste...

Personalization of treatment offers the opportunity to treat patients more effectively based on their dominant disease-specific features. The increasing number and types of treatment, and the high costs associated with these treatments, however, demand new approaches that improve patient selection while reducing treatment-associated costs to ensure...

Osteopontin (OPN)-CD44 signaling plays an important role in promoting tumor progression and metastasis. In cancer, OPN and CD44 overexpression is a marker of aggressive disease and poor prognosis, and correlates with therapy resistance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the OPN and CD44...

We examined device-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour at the time of diagnosis in people with inoperable lung cancer and investigated their associations with 12-month mortality. The people with inoperable lung cancer wore an accelerometer for seven days prior to the treatment commencement. The analysed PA/sedentary behaviour va...

The dendritic cell (DC)‐T cell axis is a bridge that connects innate and adaptive immunities. The initial immune response against tumors is mainly induced by mature antigen‐presenting DCs. Enhancing the crosstalk between DCs and T cells may be an effective approach to improve the immune response to non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this articl...

Lung cancer is the second most prevalent cancer and the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy are currently available as treatment methods. However, drug resistance is a significant factor in the failure of lung cancer treatments. Novel therapeutics have b...

Atezolizumab is an anti‐PDL1 approved for treating lung cancer. A threshold of 6 μg/mL in plasma has been associated with target engagement. The extent to which patients could be overexposed with the standard 1200 mg q3w dosing remains unknown. Here, we monitored atezolizumab peak and trough levels in 27 real‐world patients with lung cancer as part...

Background and aim: A better understanding of resistance to checkpoint inhibitors is essential to define subsequent treatments in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. By characterizing clinical and radiological features of progression after anti-programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1), we aimed to define therapeutic strategie...

Objective: To explore the variation of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen in patients with lung cancer (LC) and their diagnostic value with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). Methods: Selection of 150 patients with suspected l...

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers prevalent and around 80% of all cases are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Due to high recurrence rates, the mortality of NSCLC is high. Conventional staging systems allowed risk classification of patients in order to simplify the patient selection for adjuvant chemotherapy. Gene expression analysis...

Well-differentiated lung neuroendocrine tumors (LNETs) are heterogeneous cancers that are increasing in incidence. Treatment options for LNETs have expanded in recent years, and our knowledge of the molecular subtypes has also advanced. Multidisciplinary teams have an established role in personalizing the best treatment for individual patients. Oth...

On a global scale, lung cancer is responsible for around 27% of all cancer fatalities. Even though there have been great strides in diagnosis and therapy in recent years, the five-year cure rate is just 19%. Classification is crucial for diagnosing lung nodules. This is especially true today that automated categorization may provide a professional...

Lymphoma diagnoses in the U.S. are substantial, with an estimated 89,380 new cases in 2023, necessitating innovative treatment approaches. Phase 1 clinical trials play a pivotal role in this context. We developed a binary predictive model to assess trial adherence to expected average durations, analyzing 1,089 completed Phase 1 lymphoma trials from...

Background In the era of immunotherapy, the optimal combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not defined. The current study investigated the efficacy and safety of definitive CRT(dCRT) plus consolidation ICIs with or without induction ICIs in stage III NSCLC....

This study aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes and safety of afatinib in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (LSCC) who progressed after chemotherapy and immunotherapy. We recruited patients both retrospectively and prospectively and collected the outcomes and safety data. Additionally, we performed next-generation sequencing using t...

Introduction This study investigated the perceptions and feelings of a French sample about the possible introduction of lung cancer screening. Methods A total of 146 individuals, aged between 19- and 64-years, participated in this study conducted between November 2020 and January 2021. Participants were divided into three groups according to their...

Background: To compare the dosimetric difference between volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) using 6MV for locally advanced lung cancer patients. Methods: A total of 30 treatment plans were calculated retrospectively for ten patients with advanced NSCLC using XIO p...

Background: The coexistence of lung cancer and tuberculosis is not rare. Rifamycin plays a pivotal role in anti-tuberculosis therapy. However, its potential impact on the liver metabolism of oncology drugs raises concerns. We performed this study to explore whether Rifamycin affects the survival of patients with tuberculosis and lung cancer. Method...

Background Reliable pre-surgical prediction of spreading through air spaces (STAS) in primary lung cancer is essential for precision treatment and surgical decision-making. We aimed to develop and validate a dual-delta deep-learning and radiomics model based on pretreatment computed tomography (CT) image series to predict the STAS in patients with...

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The main issue is the absence of a screening test available in clinical practice; the identification of noninvasive biomarkers is thus an urgent clinical necessity. Currently, low-dose computed tomography (LD-CT) demonstrates a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality. Howev...

Background Sideroflexin1 (SFXN1), one of the primary sideroflexin (SFXN) proteins, can transport serine to mitochondria and take part in one-carbon metabolism there, with impact on cell proliferation, differentiation and other activities. Numerous evidence suggested that SFXN1 was intimately associated with lung cancer, glioma, and other cancers, i...

Vinorelbine (VRL), a semi-synthetic vinca alkaloid commonly used in humans with ad- vanced lung cancer, reaches high concentrations in the lung tissue, has proven antineoplastic activity and a low toxicity profile in dogs. Treatment-naïve, client-owned dogs with a cyto/histological diagnosis of advanced pulmonary carcinoma, selected from a laborato...

Purpose Selection of thresholds for pain relief remains empirical and controversial. This study aimed to demonstrate the performance of two mostly used concepts, MCID and PASS, in interpreting perioperative recovery in patients undergoing VATS for lung cancer. Methods Patients undergoing VATS were asked to report their pain score daily on a 0–10 s...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death and the most diagnosed cancer. The treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) depends on clinical staging. Surgical radical resection is recommended for patients with stage 1 or 2 of disease and represents the treatment of choice. In the last decades, the surgical approach for lung cance...

This study reports that most patients with NSCLC had a significant increase in the nAb response to the currently circulating Omicron variants after bivalent booster vaccination and had Ab titers comparable to healthy participants. Interestingly, though the durability of the nAb response persisted in most of the healthy participants, patients with N...

Cancer is one of the world’s most significant health problems today. Currently, breast cancer has globally surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. In 2020, an estimated 2,261,419 new cases were diagnosed in women worldwide. Therefore, there is a need to understand the processes that can help us better treat this diseas...

Low‐dose computed tomography screening can increase the detection for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To improve the diagnostic accuracy of early‐stage NSCLC detection, ultrasensitive methods are used to detect cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in plasma. Genome‐wide 5hmC is profiled in 1990 cfDNA samples collected from patie...

Aims The use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is conventional in management of postoperative pain in cancer patients, and further investigations have reported that some of these drugs correlated with the outcome in cancers. However, the prognostic value of the use of NSAIDs during surgery in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the management of non-oncogene addicted non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Blocking the anti-PD-1 axis represents the current standard of care in the first-line setting, with drugs administered either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. Despite notable successes achieved with...

Management of hemoptysis begins with an angio-CT to identify the location, the bleeding vessel, mapping of systemic arteries and the cause of the hemoptysis. Endovascular treatment is the first-line therapy, in 90% of cases by embolization of the systemic arteries and in 10% of cases by occlusion of the pulmonary arteries.

Emerging evidence suggests that lamin functions are not limited to maintaining the structural integrity of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells but that these functions affect many facets of cancer biology. An increasing number of reports suggest that adaptive changes in the lamin subtype composition within the nuclear lamina could affect essential feat...

The Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors (ALKi) represent the standard of care for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EML4-ALK rearrangements. Various ALKi agents are available; however, not all eligible patients receive treatment with them due to various reasons. Given the limited real-world data available in our country,...

According to the WHO (World Health Organization), lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths globally. In the future, more than 2.2 million people will be diagnosed with lung cancer worldwide, making up 11.4% of every primary cause of cancer. Furthermore, lung cancer is expected to be the biggest driver of cancer-related mortality worldwide...

In this study, the effect of Veronica officinalis methanol extract on lung cancer was evaluated by molecular docking method using molecular and protein connections. Herbal methods are among the methods used to prevent diseases rather than treat them. However, it can be a choice for people in case of resistance to drugs acquired over time and someti...

The majority of cancer-related deaths globally are due to lung cancer, which also has the second-highest mortality rate. The segmentation of lung tumours, treatment evaluation, and tumour stage classification have become significantly more accessible with the advent of PET/CT scans. With the advent of PET/CT scans, it is possible to obtain both fun...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown significant efficacy in various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, melanoma, classical Hodgkin lymphoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial cancer, and renal cell carcinoma [...]

Our lungs are amazing organs that take up a large volume of air daily. Lung cancer is one of the world's most frequent lung disorders. The vast field of gene therapy holds promise for a variety of innovative treatments that could be important in preventing cancer deaths. In this article, we briefly discuss this treatment method.

This study presents a comprehensive assessment of indoor particulate matter (PM) concentrations, focusing on PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 in five Primary Health Centers (PHCs): Arakale, Federal College of Agriculture (FECA), Iju, Oba-Ile, and Owode within Akure Local Government Areas in Nigeria. The primary novelty of this research lies in its detailed exp...

Hsa_circ_0022383 (circ_0022383) is a newly discovered circRNA. Its functions and relevant molecular mechanisms in tumorigenesis have not been reported. Here we aimed to explore how circ_0022383 regulates the tumorigenesis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We found thatcirc_0022383 expression was dramatically elevated in NSCLC tissues and cell...

This study determined the temporal variation of PM2.5 in ambient air in Thohoyandou and further assessed the associated health risks. The levels of PM2.5 were quantified for a period of 1 year (April 2017-April 2018) using the gravimetric method. There was no significant difference (P-value = 0.18) in concentrations of both PM2.5 samples collected...

A liberação miofascial é considerada uma terapia promissora para alívio da dor em várias populações clínicas. No entanto, sua aplicação e eficácia em idosos com câncer de pulmão sob cuidados paliativos são temas pouco explorados na literatura científica. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o papel da liberação miofascial na dor miofascial em ido...

Occult nodal metastasis (ONM) plays a significant role in comprehensive treatments of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aims to develop a deep learning signature based on positron emission tomography/computed tomography to predict ONM of clinical stage N0 NSCLC. An internal cohort (n = 1911) is included to construct the deep learning n...

Background The migration of lymphocytes shares many similarities in mode and mechanism with the metastasis of lung cancer tumor cells. But changes in the expression of lymphocyte migration regulation related proteins in urine exosomes remain unclear. This study is to investigate the expression changes of lymphocyte migration regulation related prot...

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have led to durable clinical response in multiple cancers, only a small proportion of patients respond to this treatment. Therefore, we aim to develop a predictive model that utilizes gene mutation profiles to accurately identify the survival of pan-cancer patients with immunotherapy. Here, we develop and evalu...

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate a first-site-metastasis pattern (FSMP) in unresectable stage III NSCLC after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) with or without immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). Methods We defined three patient subgroups according to the year of initial multimodal treatment: A (2011–2014), B (2015–2017) and C (2...

Background This study was undertaken to explore the predictive value of the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) combined with the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) for all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). Methods and results We enrolled 1123 patients with HF admitted to our cardiology department from January 201...

Purpose This study aimed to identify the heterogeneity of dyadic quality of life (QoL) profiles, determine whether these profiles differ in terms of demographic and medical factors, neuroticism, resilience, and family functioning, and explore the combined effect of patient and caregiver neuroticism, resilience, and family functioning on dyadic QoL...

Introduction: Staging of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) cases and planning the treatment are of great importance in terms of the prognosis of the disease. Size of lung lesion (T) and lymph node status (N) are of the most reliable indicators of prognosis in patients with lung cancer. In this study, we evaluated whether there was a survival diff...