Lipids - Science topic

Ageing substantially impairs skeletal muscle metabolic and physical function. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial health is also impaired with ageing, but the role of skeletal muscle mitochondrial fragmentation in age‐related functional decline remains imprecisely characterized. Here, using a cross‐sectional study design, we performed a detailed comparis...

We report the discovery of a novel mechanism for the assembly of giant unilamellar vesicles, where fluid shear-induced fragmentation of a foam-like lamellar lipid mesophase occurs in lipid mixtures containing 3 mol% PEG2000-DSPE.

Here, we report the functional characterization of the point mutant J1-1_K45E derived from the type I antibacterial defensin J1-1. This point mutant showed a lipid-independent oligomerization, a distinct lipid binding specificity and animproved antibacterial activity. Compared to J1-1, the point mutant defensin J1-1_K45E showed improved antibacteri...

This study evaluated the physico-chemical properties of unripe plantain peel, as affected by different drying temperature regimes. The plantain peels were subjected different drying temperatures of 60, 75, 90 and 105 o C for 12 hours, using a laboratory Oven to produce flour samples. Results of the physico-chemical analysis of the flour samples sho...

RNA extraction from frozen brain using Qiagen's RNeasy Lipid Tissue Mini kit.

Abstrak Mikroalga Chlorella vulgaris memiliki potensi yang sangat besar sebagai bahan baku pembuatan biodiesel. Hal ini karena Chlorella vulgaris memiliki kandungan lipid yang dapat mencapai 53% dari berat kering apabila dioptimalkan dengan manipulasi kondisi stress seperti kelaparan nitrogen dan peningkatan salinitas selama tahap kultivasi. Tulisa...

In this study, the effect of eggshell added to the diet as a calcium source on the growth performance of juvenile land snails (Cornu aspersum) was evaluated. In the study, 3 experimental diets were prepared using eggshells added to the diets in two different ways: with (ES) and without (MES) membrane with limestone (LMS). Experimental diets were pr...

Self- and individual discrimination are needed to maintain social relationships. However the extent of precision of these abilities may depend on the social strategy of each individual, which may vary with ontogeny. Many animals use chemical cues to discriminate conspecifics. For example, many lizards use femoral gland secretions, which are compose...

This study investigates the effects of continuous and short-term direct current (DC) stimulation on the growth and nutrient composition of Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima, a marine diatom with significant potential in aquaculture feed. We explored the optimal conditions of DC stimulation by applying both short-term and continuous treatments at...

Body condition may be an important additional tool for ecological studies. However, this information is still lacking for many arachnids such as scorpions. In addition, sex can be considered as a determining factor in the body condition of individuals since it can present differences in lifehistory traits. Thus, we evaluated the body condition of t...

Aging increases the risk of a myriad of chronic diseases, which are expensive and difficult to treat owing to their various risk factors. Repurposing existing anti-aging medications has accelerated the development of therapies aimed at slowing aging. In this study, we revealed that enalapril, a drug widely prescribed for hypertension, can improve b...

The generalized hydrodynamic model for the motions of hydrocarbon chains of lipid molecules in lipid bilayers on the picosecond time scale is studied numerically. The model considers the length scales up to the average distance between neighboring hydrocarbon chains of lipids. The dependence of the dynamics on the velocity of the initial spatially...

Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of loci for disease-related human traits in cross-sectional data. However, the impact of age on genetic effects is underacknowledged. Also, identifying genetic effects on longitudinal trait change has been hampered by small sample sizes for longitudinal data. Such effects o...

Delivering ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) for in vivo genome editing is safer than using viruses encoding for Cas9 and its respective guide RNA. However, transient RNP activity does not typically lead to optimal editing outcomes. Here we show that the efficiency of delivering RNPs can be enhanced by cell-penetrating peptides (covalently fused to the pro...

Yeast mitochondria receive the majority of their lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the heterotetrameric ERMES lipid transport complex. This complex is thought to establish a lipid transporting tube of fixed composition spanning the space between both organelles. Intriguingly, however, some of the lipid-transporting components of the co...

Bu çalışmada, rat diyetlerine katılan farklı protein kaynaklarının serum dokularında karaciğer enzimleri ve lipit profili üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada protein kaynağı olarak soya küspesi, buğday ve mısır gluteni kullanıldı. Araştırma Grup I, Grup II ve Grup III olarak üç grup şeklinde dizayn edildi. Araştırmada her grupta 8 adet erkek...

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG/3TC) in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-experienced people living with HIV (PLWH). A total of 303 PLWH in Shanghai, China, who switched from triple ART to DTG/3TC between January 2019 and June 2022, with a minimum ART duration of 6 months, were retrospectively...

Purpose This study aims to explore the relationship between BMI and chronic inflammation and to investigate the interaction and mediation of physical activity (PA), cardiopulmonary function, and visfatin. Methods A total of 119 participants were included in the study, 60 in the obesity group, 30 in the normal weight group, and 29 in the overweight...

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown promise as a delivery system for nucleic acid-based therapeutics, including DNA, siRNA, and mRNA vaccines. The immune system plays a critical role in the response to these nanocarriers, with innate immune cells initiating an early response and adaptive immune cells mediating a more specific reaction, sometimes...

Regulated cell death (RCD) refers to the form of cell death that can be regulated by various biomacromolecules. Each cell death modalities have their distinct morphological changes and molecular mechanisms. However, intense evidences suggest that lipid peroxidation can be the common feature that initiates and propagates the cell death. Excessive li...

Purpose of Review To consolidate key information on the efficacy and safety of ezetimibe, with a focus on the latest evidence. Recent Findings While ezetimibe has long been used alongside statins to help achieve lipid goals when statins are insufficient or in statin-intolerant patients, recent studies confirm and extend its benefits. Ezetimibe, wh...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as the predominant form of primary liver cancer, characterized by a dismal prognosis. Therapeutic options for advanced HCC remain sparse, with efficacy significantly hampered by the emergence of drug resistance. In parallel with research into novel pharmacological agents, advances in drug delivery systems repre...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in cell-to-cell communication. Following uptake, EV cargo molecules, including DNA, RNA, lipids, and proteins, influence gene expression and molecular signaling in recipient cells. Although various studies have identified disease-specific EV molecules, further research into their biogenesis and secretion me...

Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (FD) is a highly atherogenic, prevalent genetically based lipid disorder. About 10% of FD patients have rare APOE variants associated with autosomal dominant FD. However, there are insufficient data on the relationship between rare APOE variants and FD. Genetic data from 4720 subjects were used to identify rare APOE...

Over the last few decades, extensive investigations on spatial and dynamic heterogeneity have been performed on carefully reconstituted biological lipid membranes. Characterising the molecular features in heterogeneous membranes is extremely challenging due to experimentally inaccessible time- and length-scales of these emergent systems. In this co...

Cymbopogon citratus methanolic extract shows anti-obesity effects in HCHFD rats by reducing lipids, glucose, and gene expression. Flavones bind to APJ protein, confirming its hypolipidemic activity and potential for managing obesity.

Usaha pengembangan budidaya abalon secara massal pada skala industrial dan small holder masih terkendala oleh lambatnya pertumbuhan abalon, sehingga penelitian mengenai peningkatan produktivitas abalon penting untuk segera dilakukan mengingat besarnya minat masyarakat untuk budidaya dan permintaan dari industri kuliner yang sangat besar. Untuk menc...

Progressive neurodegeneration and decline in neurogenesis are characteristic features of brain pathology in Alzheimer's diseases (AD); however, the underlying mechanism(s) remains unclear. Recent evidence suggest that lipids/fatty acids accumulated as a consequence of enhanced de novo lipogenesis (DNL) ……………..

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common respiratory infections worldwide, and it is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb employs immune evasion mechanisms that allow the disease to become chronic. Despite extensive research, the host–pathogen interaction remains incompletely understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane...

X-ray radiation treatments are largely adopted in radiotherapy, and Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (μ-FTIR) has already been demonstrated to be a useful instrument for monitoring radiotherapy effects. Previous works in this field have focused on studying the changes occurring in cells when they are fixed immediately after the irradiat...

Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a neuronal metabolic product that plays an important role in maintaining brain homeostasis. Normally, intensive brain Aβ formation is accompanied by its effective lymphatic removal. However, the excessive accumulation of brain Aβ is observed with age and during the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) leading to cognitive im...

Transplantation of ex vivo engineered hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can lead to robust clinical responses but carries risks of adverse events from bone marrow mobilization, chemotherapy conditioning and other factors. HSCs have been modified in vivo using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) decorated with targeting moieties, which increases manufacturing...

Lipids are the basic biological molecules in plants, serving as glycerolipids for cell membranes and triacylglycerols as an energy source. Fatty acids are the major components of plant lipids. Both lipids and fatty acids significantly influence rice quality. Recent studies, through genetic analysis, have made significant progress in uncovering the...

Chlorella has been widely used in bioenergy, environmental protection, carbon reduction, food, pharmaceutical and other fields. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis is made on the optimization of light conditions in chlorella in recent years by way of literature review. The results showed that the biomass accumulation rate of chlorella was faste...

Lipids are major constituents of food but are also highly relevant substructures of drugs and are increasingly applied for the development of lipid-based drug delivery systems. Lipids are prone to oxidative degradation, thus affecting the quality of food or medicines. Therefore, analytical methods or tools that enable the degree of lipid oxidation...

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death characterized by increased intracellular lipid peroxidation. Inducing ferroptosis has shown significant potential in eliminating various malignancies. However, the effectiveness of ferroptosis-based treatments is hampered by the intrinsic or acquired resistance of some tumors. In this review, we delineate...

Purpose Proton (¹H)‐MRSI via spatial‐spectral encoding poses high demands on gradient hardware at ultra‐high fields and high‐resolutions. Rosette trajectories help alleviate these problems, but at reduced SNR‐efficiency because of their k‐space densities not matching any desired k‐space filter. We propose modified rosette trajectories, which more c...

This study investigates the combined effects of Vitamin E and temperature on the growth, biochemical composition, and immune responses of juvenile snubnose pompano ( Trachinotus blochii ). A 70-day experiment was conducted with six treatments combining two levels of dietary Vitamin E (0 and 400 mg/kg) and three temperature levels (28°C, 31°C, and 3...

Eastern larch beetle Dendroctonus simplex LeConte has been outbreaking for the past two decades in the Great Lakes region of North America, impacting approximately 400,000 hectares of eastern larch Larix laricina (tamarack) forest in Minnesota, United States, alone. Range expansions of some Dendroctonus species driven by climate change have occurre...

The tumor microenvironment (TME) fosters cancer progression by supporting the differentiation and proliferation of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which play a critical role in suppressing immune responses and facilitating tumor growth. Recent findings by Dahal et al. reveal that platelet‐activating factor (PAF), a lipid mediator elevated...

Purpose of Review Ceramides are lipid species that play several physiological roles in the body, including stress response, inflammation, and apoptosis, and their involvement in lipid metabolism and energy production makes them crucial in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). Recent Findings Several species of ceramides and ceramide signature...

Purpose of Review Statins are first-line pharmacotherapy for the treatment of elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and are generally well-tolerated. However, some patients may experience statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). This paper reviews recommendations for identification and management of patients with SAMS. Recent Findings The...

Chronic alcohol-related myopathy (CAM), characterized by muscle atrophy and weakness, arises from prolonged excessive ethanol (EtOH) intake. The precise mechanisms by which EtOH induces skeletal muscle atrophy are not fully understood. This article posits that the pathophysiology of CAM may be significantly influenced by how EtOH modifies lipid pro...

Ferroptosis is a distinctive process of cellular demise that is linked to amino acid metabolism, lipid oxidation, and iron oxidation. The ferroptosis cascade genes, which are closely associated with the onset of lung diseases, are among the regulatory targets of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Although the regulation of ferropto...

Surimi products are favored by domestic and foreign consumers due to their distinctive gelatinous texture, rich nutrition, and convenient consumption. Gel properties are key evaluation indicators for the quality of surimi products, which was mainly determined by the gel‐forming ability of the myofibrillar protein (MP). In recent years, the surimi p...

TEAD proteins are the main transcriptional effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway and a pharmacological target in oncology. Most TEAD-targeting small molecules act by disrupting interaction with the oncogenic transcriptional activators YAP and TAZ. Here, we describe an alternative mechanism for TEAD lipid pocket binding molecules. We report that...

This metabolomic analysis of the phase 1b study data explored miricorilant’s mechanism of reducing LFC with the following aims: a) Test the hypothesis that rapid enhancement in metabolic activity can lead to transient ALT elevations. b) Characterize metabolomic profiles in plasma from responders vs non-responders following miricorilant treatment....

Previous studies have reported that a potential association between exposure to outdoor light at night (LAN) and diseases. However, there is no evidence regarding the impacts of outdoor LAN exposure on lipid metabolism in humans. This study aims to evaluate the associations between outdoor LAN exposure and the prevalence of dyslipidemia, using a na...

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of valsartan versus valsartan-hydrochlorothiazide on the lipid profile parameters in hypertensive patients in comparison with control. Healthy control and hypertensive patients of either sex participated in this study; they were assigned into three groups (of twenty-three subjects each). Grou...

The impact of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance, feed utilization, and serum biochemical indices of Furong crucian carp was examined. Five hundred and forty carp (2.35 ± 0.08 g) were randomly assigned to nine groups and fed diets with three different protein levels (30.0, 35.0, and 40.0%) and three different lipid levels (4...

A recent global study revealed that approximately 80–90% of the population are deficient in vitamin D, a crucial nutrient for maintaining normal physiological functions. This widespread deficiency is quite alarming, as it can lead to significant health risks and increase susceptibility to various diseases, thereby compromising overall well-being. V...

The relationship between nontraditional lipid profiles and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains ambiguous within the hypertension population. The objective of this study is to examine the association between nontraditional lipid profiles and T2DM in Chinese adults with hypertension. The current investigation encompassed 13 728 participants with...

Background Circadian disruption and sleep disorders have been shown to increase the risk for many cardiovascular diseases. Their association specifically with valvular heart disease, however, is inconclusive. Methods We leveraged large electronic health record datasets (the TriNetX network and the All of Us study) to test whether sleep disorders a...

C.F. suffered myocardial infarction despite low cardiovascular risk as defined by the Swiss Working Group on Lipids and Atheriosclerosis (AGLA). C.F. wished replacement of his synthetic blood pressure lowering and antilipidemic medication by phytomedicines. A combination of standardized cocoa and black garlic extracts with coenzyme Q10 plus black s...