Leukocytes - Science topic

Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno‐occlusive disease (SOS/VOD) is a lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). According to the 2016 European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation criteria, SOS/VOD is classified into classical SOS/VOD and late‐onset SOS/VOD, but their similarities and differences...

Background Epidemiological and clinical studies have reported an association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, genetic association between the two phenotypes remains largely unknown. We aimed to elucidate the potential shared genetic architecture between LTL and AD. Methods Summary statistics from genom...

The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in newly diagnosed aplastic anemia (AA) patients treated with cyclosporine A (CsA) plus androgen or CsA alone. The clinical data of 181 newly diagnosed patients with aplastic anemia from April 2008 to September 2020 in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medica...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in critically ill patients and triggers a systemic inflammatory response that can contribute to lung injury, ultimately worsening clinical outcomes. However, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies remain unavailable. In this issue of the JCI, Komaru et al. explored leukocyte trafficking and vascul...

Whether granulocytes for transfusion are beneficial remains uncertain, although some evidence suggests that efficacy may be dose-related. Granulocytes are mostly produced by apheresis procedure, but other means of production are increasingly used. Centers that produce and/or use granulocytes were recruited through the BEST Collaborative and complet...

Mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics is a powerful approach to uncover peptides presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules that can guide vaccine design and immunotherapies. While data-dependent acquisition (DDA) has been the standard for navigating through the complexity associated with non-enzymatic immunopeptide database searches,...

Cells sense and respond to their environment in a myriad of ways. In many instances they must integrate simultaneous cues ranging from the physical properties and composition of the extracellular matrix to guidance cues that stimulate chemotaxis or haptotaxis. How cells make sense of multiple simultaneous cues is an ongoing physiologically relevant...

Background Health status is closely linked to both healthcare access and utilization. While previous research has identified associations between health status and DNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging (epigenetic aging), studies exploring these relationships in the context of healthcare access and utilization remain limited. To address this ga...

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a complex hematological disorder marked by chronic hemolysis, inflammation, and recurrent vaso-occlusive crises. A critical but often underemphasized factor contributing to the pathophysiology of SCD is the disruption of nitric oxide (NO) signaling due to excessive interactions with hemoglobin. The release of free hemog...

PI3Kγ is a lipid kinase that is expressed primarily in leukocytes and plays a significant role in tumors, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Consequently, considerable attention has been given to the development of pharmacological inhibitors of PI3Kγ. Recently, machine learning-based virtual screening approaches have been increasingly applied i...

Background The potential influence of radical prostatectomy on tumor cell release into the blood circulation is an under-investigated area. Methods One hundred three treatment-naïve patients with early-stage prostate cancer were recruited. Blood from the prostatic venous plexus was analyzed for the local release of tumor cells during radical prost...

Introduction Currently, there is no gold standard anesthetic plan for elderly patients with hip fractures who must undergo surgery. The state of alarm during 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic changed certain hospital paradigms, prompting an investigation into differences in anesthetic management and patient survival for hip fracture surgeries using...

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection spans a spectrum of symptoms, ranging from mild respiratory issues to severe outcomes like pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and fatality. Natural killer (NK) cells, governed by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), play a pivotal role in di...

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are recognized as significant causes of reproductive issues in sheep; however, studies examining the impact of natural infections on clinical pathology parameters remain limited.Objectives: To determine whether natural infections by Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum may influence hematologic...

Background Trastuzumab is an effective treatment for HER2-positive cancers that has known cardiotoxic properties. Discovering biomarkers that assess cardiotoxicity risk before trastuzumab therapy is essential for protecting the cardiovascular health of cancer patients. Objective To examine the associations between pre-treatment epigenetic age acce...

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a leading cause of death, and understanding its pathogenic drivers is critical for effective prevention and treatment. Inflammation has a critical role in ASCVD, and patients with inflammatory diseases are at increased risk. However, the key inflammatory mediator promoting ASCVD are incompletely und...

Seaweeds and their derived products represent huge resources that are still underexploited as functional ingredients in fish feeds. This study evaluated the growth performance, nutrient utilisation, antioxidation status, and immunity of Clarias gariepinus fed diets containing Dictyota ciliolata extract (DCE). Ethanolic extract of the brown seaweed...

Background COVID-19 is a disease that affects people globally. Beyond affecting the respiratory system, COVID-19 patients are at an elevated risk for both venous and arterial thrombosis. This heightened risk contributes to an increased probability of acute complications, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). G...

Background: Chronic systemic inflammation is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and has measurable effects on blood cells. There is increasing interest in non-invasive diagnostic tools that use blood-based biomarkers for AD, such as DNA methylation. Notably, DNA methylation changes in blood are also linked to systemic inflammation....

Background Chronic systemic inflammation is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and has measurable effects on blood cells. There is increasing interest in non-invasive diagnostic tools that use blood-based biomarkers for AD, such as DNA methylation. Notably, DNA methylation changes in blood are also linked to systemic inflammation....

Isoform switching in cancer is a prevalent phenomenon with significant implications for immunotherapy, as actionable neoantigens derived from these cancer-specific events would be applicable to broad categories of patients, reducing the necessity for personalized treatments. By integrating five large-scale transcriptomic datasets comprising over 19...

We sought to develop a survival model in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) that is primarily based on clinical variables and examine additional impact from mutations and karyotype. 457 molecularly-annotated patients were considered. Multivariable analysis identified circulating Blasts ≥2% (1 point), Leukocytes ≥13 x 109/L (1 point), and severe...

Background The aim of this study was to investigate physiological differences in electrolytes and complete blood counts in adolescent patients with depression with and without psychotic symptoms. By comparing baseline data in adolescent patients, it will provide more comprehensive information for individualised diagnosis and treatment of depression...

Recently, the issue of dog reproduction has become increasingly relevant. This is especially true for dogs of popular breeds. However, the issue of infertility in female dogs has not received enough attention. It is important to establish criteria for diagnosing infertility, which are based on the early detection of destructive changes and inflamma...

Metastasis is a hallmark of malignancy and poses a formidable challenge for oncologists. This complex process begins when the primary malignant cells start to proliferate unlimitedly. Once the tumor reaches a certain size, cancer cells detach from the primary tumor mass and the basal lamina to which they are anchored, eventually invading nearby blo...

Surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the standard of care for severe aortic valve disease; however, post-operative complications continue to pose challenges. Inflammation caused by increased release of cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) during surgery may be a contributing factor. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the relatio...

Background: The significance of cell population data (CPD) and leukocyte scattergrams in COVID-19 has not been fully established, partly due to the absence of serial leukocyte monitoring before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study first examined changes in these parameters in non-immunosuppressed subjects over the course of infection. Subsequ...

Background Validation studies of prognostic models used in critical care have yet to be conducted in Palestine. The intense conflict in the Gaza Strip presents an opportunity to evaluate the performance of local ICUs and validate the performance of the MPM and SAPS models within a resource-limited and highly stressed healthcare system. Methods A p...

Von Willebrand factor (vWF), promoting platelet aggregation in various diseases such as COVID-19, malaria and cancer, is a huge multimeric glycoprotein. This extraordinary size makes vWF a unique shear stress sensing molecule. Below a critical shear stress, vWF is in a globular conformation that prevents platelet binding. Above the critical shear s...

Differentiating between sickle cell crisis-related bone infarction and osteomyelitis remains one of the most challenging diagnostic dilemmas in clinical imaging. Both conditions often present with overlapping signs, including localized pain, fever, and elevated inflammatory markers, yet require significantly different management approaches. This ar...

Diagnosing sepsis in critical care remains a challenge due to the lack of gold-standard diagnostics. Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) has been proposed as a diagnostic marker to identify sepsis in critically ill patients. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of calprotectin and C-reactive protein (CRP) to distinguish between sepsis and non-sepsi...

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, inflammatory arthritis of the spine and peripheral joints which is known to have a strong association with the human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27). Quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry are the predominant methods for HLA-B27 gene and antigen, respectively, which are too time-consuming and labor-i...

Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is increasingly prevalent and a major cause of irreversible blindness, particularly in developing countries. Limited access to ophthalmologists often leads to delayed diagnosis, emphasizing the need for more affordable and widely accessible screening methods to facilitate early identification. Recently, several...

Purpose To identify radiomic features from preoperative computed tomography (CT) images and characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) associated with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement in patients with lung adenocarcinomas and their prognostic value in predicting recurrence or metastases after surgery. Materials and m...

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) expression in breast cancer tissues from two tertiary health institutions in southwestern Nigeria and explore its relationship with age at diagnosis. Methods:Across-sectional study was conducted to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of HLA-B in the histologic t...

Microfluidic techniques for label-free sorting of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood are generally based on physical characteristic differences between blood cells and cancer cells, especially size differences. However, because the diameter ranges of some leukocytes and CTCs overlap, size-based sorting can certainly be disturbed b...

Background Peritoneal macrophages, comprising large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs) and small peritoneal macrophages (SPMs), play a vital role in maintaining immune defenses during inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms governing their responses, particularly the impact of retinoic acid (RA), remain poorly understood. This study aims to eluc...

Patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are typically placed in a laminar air flow room until hematopoietic reconstitution occurs. In this study, we compared the differences in clinical outcomes between patients receiving allo-HSCT in a conventional laminar flow room (n = 200) and those receiving allo-HSCT...

COVID-19 is an inflammatory disease characterized by a severe immune response, the pathogenesis of which is mediated by many cytokines. It was determined that the cytokine storm that occurs during severe infection may trigger coagulopathy by disrupting the interaction between platelets, endothelium, and leukocytes. Selectins (P-SELECTIN, L-SELECTIN...

Severe dengue infection in Indonesia has a high mortality rate. This study aims to identify the characteristics of severe dengue infection with compensated and decompensated shock in children at a tertiary hospital in Bali, Indonesia. This study employs a descriptive retrospective design with a cross-sectional approach to identify the characteristi...

Introduction Short leukocyte telomeres are associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 in the general population, likely due to a weakened T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2. This may lead to an amplified neutrophil response, causing pulmonary damage. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) offers an experimental setting to examine furth...

Background Synovial leukocyte cell count (LC) and polymorphonuclear percentage (PMN%) are key parameters in the diagnostic workup of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Despite ongoing debates regarding optimal thresholds—particularly for reliably excluding low-grade infections—no study has investigated potential confounders such as intra-individ...

Matching HLA between donor and recipient pairs significantly improves engraftment and decreases GvHD. However, even in HLA matched siblings, the risk of graft failure and GvHD still exist and is partially attributed to the bidirectional alloreactivity generated from minor histocompatibility antigens (miHA) mismatching between donors and recipients....

Background The relationship between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and the risk of developing various cancers has always been controversial and predominantly focused on European populations. Hence, Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied to the Asian population to explore the causal relationships between LTL and the risk of developing various can...

The immune system of neonatal calves is immature and highly susceptible to diseases, which poses significant challenges to their survival. This study aimed to evaluate the immune response of calves during the first 30 days of life, focusing on leukogram analysis, T lymphocyte immunophenotyping (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) via flow cytometry, and cytokine...

INTRODUCTION To understand the role of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we characterized immune‐related proteins in central and peripheral biofluids. METHODS Selection of participants from the Translational Biomarker of Aging and Dementia (TRIAD) cohort with available translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET), ce...

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used for their antimicrobial properties but pose risks like environmental contamination and potential harm to human health. Nanoparticles’ small size facilitates translocation within the body, often bringing them into contact with blood. Most toxicological research focuses on chemically synthesized AgNPs (CAg...

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that is an independent risk factor for lung cancer. Reduction in NEIL2 function, a DNA glycosylase involved in DNA repair during transcription, has been associated with an increased incidence of malignancies in humans. NEIL2 knockout mouse models have d...

Abstract Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, chronic inflammatory demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) insult initially, and a neurodegenerative disorder eventually. This paper is a descriptive cross-sectional study that involved two Libyan families, with a total number of 8 and 13 members, along two and three generations, respectively...

The objective of this study was to validate the PredictAI models for predicting major bleeding (MB) in patients with active cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE) with anticoagulant (ACO) therapy, within 6 months after primary VTE, using an independent cohort of patients from the TESEO database. This study conducted an external validation of the P...

Both in clinical practice and translational research, cell differentiation of leukocytes provides important information used for diagnostics or insights into pathophysiological mechanisms. The current gold-standard method for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis involves histochemical staining of cytospins, followed by manual morphological...

Atherosclerosis significantly contributes to cardiovascular disease. Traditional treatments for atherosclerosis, such as pharmacological interventions and surgical procedures, have demonstrated limited efficacy and often yield unsatisfactory results. Consequently, safe and effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. The atherosclerotic mi...

Anemia is a global public health problem, the main cause of which is iron deficiency in the body. The difficulty of enriching the diet with iron is explained by the oxidative nature of iron, which leads to undesirable sensory changes and a decrease in the quality and shelf life of food. The work is devoted to the selection of bioavailable forms of...

Frozen/stored cord blood (CB) products are available for clinical use without delays, facilitating timely transplantation for patients who need urgent treatment, such as those with acute leukaemia. Given the less strict Human Leukocyte Antigen match criteria, CB grafts extend access to transplant for underserved populations, who may not have suitab...

The article is devoted to the study of the general immunological resistance of the body of male futsal athletes at the age range of 13-14 years, who are in the V critical period of the formation of the immune system in the process of training and those who do not play futsal. Research methods: The study involved young futsal players of the Futsal A...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial for intercellular communication and are found in various biological fluids. The identification and immunophenotyping of such small particles continue to pose significant challenges. Here, we have developed a workflow for the optimisation of a next‐generation panel for in‐depth immunophenotyping of circulatin...

Objectives To develop a machine learning (ML)-based model using MRI and clinical risk factors to enhance diagnostic accuracy for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods We retrospectively analyzed datasets from four centers (A–D), focusing on patients with chronic low back pain. A subset from center A was used for prospective validation. A deep l...

In mantle cell lymphoma, early progression of disease has been associated with short overall survival. The impact of clinical, pathological, and treatment strategies on the risk of early relapse has not been assessed in a large cohort of patients. We performed a pooled analysis of patients recruited in France from six randomized first-line MCL tria...

Genetic variation in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region is thought to influence susceptibility to and severity of a variety of infectious diseases. Several studies have explored a possible relationship between HLA genetics and SARS-CoV-2 infection, although mixed results, small sample sizes, and difficulty controlling for exposure risk have m...

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are pivotal in guiding human adaptive immune responses through their presentation of peptide ligands, collectively known as the immunopeptidome. This process is central to the development of cancer immunotherapies, such as vaccines and T-cell therapies. Profiling the immunopeptidome from plasma and other biof...

A bstract DNA methylation (DNAm) is a core gene regulatory mechanism that captures cellular responses to short- and long-term stimuli such as environmental exposures, aging, and cellular differentiation. Although DNAm has proven valuable as a baseline biomarker for aging by enabling robust characterization of disease-associated methylation shifts a...

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, chronic inflammatory demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) insult initially, and a neurodegenerative disorder eventually. This paper is a descriptive cross-sectional study that involved two Libyan families, with a total number of 8 and 13 members, across two and three generations, respectively. The fir...

Background/Objectives: Iron is necessary for bodily function, but abnormal levels can increase the risk of chronic diseases. Studies of leukocyte telomere length suggest blood iron levels are positively associated with cellular senescence and accelerated aging. However, associations between blood iron and more robust metrics of biological aging, sp...

The purpose of the research was to study in vitro the effect of black mulberry (Morus nigra) callus tissue lysate (MNCCL) on the ability of peripheral blood leukocytes of experimental animals to migrate from a glass capillary. The results were expressed as leukocyte migration index (LMI). It was found that in vitro in the presence of MNCCL the valu...

Background Thrombocytopenia is a common clinical manifestation of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and platelets may play a central role in the pathogenesis of immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between platelet count and clinical manifestations and serologic markers in systemic lupus erythemat...

Despite rapid advances in diagnostic and imaging technologies, no clinical device for noninvasive monitoring of the immune system is currently available. The standard white blood cell count (WBCC), a key clinical measure for assessing patients’ health, requires drawing blood, which poses inherent risks for secondary infection and anemia in vulnerab...

Leukocytes or white blood cells plays an important role in protecting the body from various contagious diseases and infectious agents. Different conventional leukocyte analysis approaches often face several problems like inaccuracies, demanding the need for sophisticated approaches to improve diagnostic precision. Therefore, a holistic structure na...

The decreasing of hazard ratio for cancer incidence (HRCVD) in the range of twenty native tissues (lung, liver, brain, hematologic, neuroendocrine renal, pancreas, lymphoid, bladder, colon, lip-oral-head-neck, leukocytic, rectum and anus, thyroid, soft tissue, prostate, skin, ovarian, breast, uterine) as much, as decreasing of the level of cardiova...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent and serious global health issue, with a significant impact on individuals globally. Hence, it is imperative to promptly obtain an accurate diagnosis and interpretation for the commencement of appropriate treatment as timely detection and intervention can enhance the probability of long-term survival. Exis...

Tissue repair represents a highly intricate and ordered dynamic process, critically reliant on the orchestration of immune cells. Among these, neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in the body, emerge as the initial immune responders at injury sites. Traditionally recognized for their antimicrobial functions in innate immunity, neutrophils now...

The study of gene anomalies linked to thyroid cancer is gaining more and more attention, and these molecular indicators can offer scholarly support for thyroid cancer diagnosis, therapy selection, and prognosis. Genotype–tissue expression pan-cancer data and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to investigate the expression of GZMK, TREM2, and...

Adaptive immunity is a targeted immune response that enables the body to identify and eliminate foreign pathogens, playing a critical role in the anti-tumor immune response. Tumor cell expression of antigens forms the foundation for inducing this adaptive response. However, the human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-restricted recognition of antigens by T-...

Background Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with activation of pro-inflammatory cells, which infiltrate tissues and cause injury. Here we explored a novel disposable remover to remove inflammatory leukocytes in order to reduce risk of complications after CPB. This is a substudy within a previously registered clinical trial (NCT05400356) t...

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type III (LAD-III) is caused by amino acid mutations in Kindlin-3, which result in integrin activation defects. The QW motif in the Kindlin family is particularly important for integrin activation, and the Q595P mutation in the QW motif of Kindlin-3 leads to LAD-III. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this di...

Background Contributions of leukocytes to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) defense have been reported extensively. However, it remains unclear whether there are different leukocyte responses to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Methods We analyzed peripheral blood leukocyte and subtype concentrations from 575 COVID...

Xenotransplantation of pig organs is a promising solution to the organ shortage; however, rejection remains a major obstacle. Pig-to-human decedent transplantation provides an opportunity to study immune barriers to xenotransplantation experimentally. We tracked donor-reactive T cell dynamics in a 61-day pig-to-human decedent thymokidney xenotransp...

Introduction : Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with heightened cardiovascular morbidity, primarily due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Despite increasing evidence linking PsA to endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and chronic inflammation, cardiovascular risk assessment in PsA remains underdeveloped. This l...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer globally and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality, primarily driven by viral infections (HCV, HBV) and steatotic liver diseases (SLD). Despite advances in treatment, early detection and accurate prognosis remain challenging. The Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) molecule...

Accurate prediction of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) peptide binding is pivotal for immunological research, including vaccine development and immunotherapy. However, challenges such as tool performance variability, limited interpretability, and dataset quality hinder the broader applicability of existing models. Here, we conduct a compreh...

In the majority of patients with a classical Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) a pathogenic APC germline variant is identified; usually these are truncating variants in the coding region of APC. However, there are some special circumstances in which FAP is not the result of a pathogenic heterozygous germline variant in APC (mosaicism) and tspeci...