Lemur - Science topic

Cette étude propose une caractérisation écologique approfondie des divers types d'habitats présents dans le Parc National Ranomafana à Madagascar, en mettant particulièrement l'accent sur le rôle des bambous dans l'alimentation des lémuriens. La recherche explore les variations écologiques des habitats, mettant en lumière, les facteurs clés qui inf...

Gums produced by trees after injuries are valuable food resources for several primate species. Yet, information on the chemical characteristics of gum is scant and inconsistent. We use gums consumed by lemurs (strepsirrhine primates of Madagascar) as an example to illustrate their possible nutritive and pharmaceutical properties. Exudates from 45 t...

Simple Summary Social network analysis (SNA) has the potential to be a vital element of a holistic animal care toolbox, which allows in-depth examination of the social roles of individuals and the dynamics at a group level. By studying a case study of a group of four (1.1.2) black lemurs (Eulemur macaco) living in human care at a zoo in the United...

Hunting of wild animals for meat and habitat loss are the main drivers of wildlife population decline around the world, and in tropical regions in particular. While Madagascar is a hotspot for biodiversity, hunting is widespread, mostly in form of subsistence hunting, while hunting for the pet trade is less often reported. We studied hunting of the...

Predicting future conservation needs can help inform conservation management but is subject to uncertainty. We measured deforestation rates during 2015–2017 for 114 protected areas in Madagascar, linked deforestation to the status of protection according to IUCN categories I–VI, used recent deforestation rates to extrapolate forest cover over 2017–...

An adult male ring-tailed lemur ( Lemur catta ) from a biopark of northern Italy was submitted to necropsy. A multi-organ parasitic infection was macroscopically evident. Abundant sero-hemorrhagic fluid with larval parasites was present in all cavities. The microscopic evaluation of parasites and the molecular characterization revealed the presence...

The aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) is a nocturnal lemur native to the island of Madagascar with a unique thin middle finger. Its slender third digit has a remarkably specific adaptation, allowing them to perform tap-scanning to locate small cavities beneath tree bark and extract wood-boring larvae from it. As an exceptional active acoustic...

Deforestation and habitat fragmentation is the primary threat to primate populations. The primates that live within degraded and anthropogenically disturbed habitats typical of fragmented landscapes have to cope with lower availability of resources in comparison to primates in continuous, undisturbed forests. While some species are sensitive to for...

In healthcare, a fusion of multi-modal medical images is very difficult and also an important work for the planning of surgical concepts and the diagnosis of precision. The findings of deep learning-assisted for the fusion of images are present hotspot issues. The fusion of medical images includes the difficulties in little samples and the deficien...

Further understanding the pet primate trade in the U.S Dr Melissa Seaboch explores the potential drivers of the pet primate trade in the U.S. and the troubling impact on both animals and owners. Little is known about the pet primate trade in the United States and other non-habitat countries. It is widely reported that there are 15,000 pet primates...

Forest loss is a main driver of biodiversity decline, particularly in tropical regions. In this study, we investigate the degree of deforestation in the entire ranges of nine highly threatened lemur species in northwestern Madagascar. Landsat satellite images were acquired from four different years (1990, 2000, 2011, 2020), classified into forest/n...

Rabies is endemic in Madagascar and a neglected disease. The aim of this study was to summarize human and animal rabies surveillance activities in Madagascar from 2011 to 2021. Samples from terrestrial mammals and humans were tested for rabies virus infection using direct fluorescent antibody, RT-PCR and virus isolation by the National Reference La...

COLE TCH (2023) Phylogeny of PRIMATES © Cole 2023 (CC-BY) • educational poster with hypothetical tree based on molecular phylogenetic data • phylogeny and classification according to References below • branch lengths deliberate, not expressing actual time scale • the characters listed do not necessarily apply to all members • species numbers (in gr...

Dung beetles (Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) are among the most cost-effective and informative biodiversity indicator groups, conveying rich information about the status of habitats and faunas of an area. In Madagascar, they are important elements in forest food chains and ecosystems where they originally evolved to decompose lemur excrements, but lat...

In studying communicative signals, we can think of flexibility as a necessary correlate of creativity. Flexibility enables animals to find practical solutions and appropriate behaviors in mutable situations. In this study, we aimed to quantify the degree of flexibility in the songs of indris (Indri indri), the only singing lemur, using three differ...

Goal. To determine the effect of herbicides, in particular graminicides with different active ingredients, on the weediness of crops and the yield of chickpea seeds in the conditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, measuring and weighing, statistical. Results. Under conditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, 27 spe...

Dung beetles (Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) are among the most cost-effective and informative biodiversity indicator groups, conveying rich information about the status of habitats and faunas of an area. Yet their use for monitoring the mammal species, that are the main providers of the food for the dung beetles, has only recently been recognized. In...

We surveyed lemurs in the Bobaomby area in the far north of Madagascar from February to March 2018. The survey was part of a biodiversity inventory for the prospective creation of a new protected area. Five camp sites were visited, and distance sampling by transect surveying was used to assess the population density and abundance of the crowned lem...

Post-release monitoring is important to improve translocation success because it provides an opportunity to identify factors relevant to the survival of local populations. We studied a population of the endangered collared brown lemur (Eulemur collaris) translocated from a degraded forest fragment to a nearby littoral forest within the Mandena Cons...

Simple Summary Lemur hunting and consumption is widespread in Madagascar. Understanding what drives this phenomenon is key to conserving lemurs and protecting human livelihoods. Current research shows poverty to be a primary driver of lemur hunting and consumption, but no study has employed a composite poverty metric that includes health, education...

Forest fragmentation may lead to substantial declines in food availability for primary consumers, especially presenting a challenge for frugivores, such as the Critically Endangered black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata). We investigated how forest fragmentation impacts the diet and activity budgets of V. variegata across three forest fra...

It is thought arboreal species avoid foraging on the ground due to perceived predation risk, making the study of when and where arboreal species use the ground key in understanding foraging versus safety tradeoffs. We used publicly available, opportunistic, camera-trap observations from surveys across Madagascar to examine whether arboreal lemur gr...

Feast-fast cycles allow animals to live in seasonal environments by promoting fat storage when food is plentiful and lipolysis when food is scarce. Fat-storing hibernators have mastered this cycle over a circannual schedule, by undergoing extreme fattening to stockpile fuel for the ensuing hibernation season. Insulin is intrinsic to carbohydrate an...

Objectives Among living Malagasy primates, the family Lemuridae has previously been recognized as presenting a higher mandibular morphological variation than other families. We conducted a quantitative analysis of mandibular size and shape within the five genera ( Lemur , Eulemur , Hapalemur , Prolemur , and Varecia ) associated with a set of covar...

Simple Summary Many animal species use body odours and secretions to communicate with conspecifics. In this study, we observed wild lemurs (diademed sifakas) to understand how and where they deposit scent marks, and whether rank and sex influence the scent-marking behaviour. We found that lemurs deposit their scent marks by rubbing different parts...

Non-human primates are potentially informative but underutilized species for investigating obesity. I examined patterns of obesity across the Primate order, calculating the ratio of body mass in captivity to that in the wild. This index, relative body mass, for n = 40 non-human primates (mean ± s.d.: females: 1.28 ± 0.30, range 0.67–1.78, males: 1....

The object of this study is images of various objects of the Solar System on a series of digital frames. The variety and quality of shooting conditions make it difficult to identify a frame with the corresponding part of the sky. This fact significantly reduces the quality indicators of detection and estimation of the position of objects of the Sol...

The Alaotran gentle lemur is one of the most endangered primates in the world and shows a low success rate in captive breeding programmes. We tested a novel scent enrichment, made up of a synthesized mixture potentially conveying information about female fertility, on four unsuccessful breeding pairs (n = 8) hosted at Jersey, Birmingham, London (UK...

The diversity of viruses identified from the various niches of the human oral cavity—from saliva to dental plaques to the surface of the tongue—has accelerated in the age of metagenomics. This rapid expansion demonstrates that our understanding of oral viral diversity is incomplete, with only a few studies utilizing passive drool collection in conj...

Background Conductive anaesthesia of the nerves around the head is one of the methods of intraoperative pain relief (under deep anaesthesia but before proceeding with the procedure). Performing this procedure on primates is especially challenging for the veterinarian, due to their cranial anatomy and topography, which has more in common with the hu...

A validation study on measuring salivary cortisol via stress response in captive ruffed lemurs.

Many cases of Toxoplasma gondii infection have been reported worldwide in non-human primates (NHPs), especially in captive New World monkeys. However, few studies on toxoplasmosis in Old World monkeys have been conducted. In this study, serological and molecular biological analyses were carried out to look for T. gondii antibodies and T. gondii inf...

Lemurs are endemic to the island of Madagascar, a biodiversity hotspot that is considered one of the world’s poorest countries. To understand how Malagasy and non-Malagasy perceive lemur conservation programs, we surveyed 331 people and compared the results of four audience groups: Malagasy conservation professionals, Malagasy not working in conser...

Lemur catta | Ring-tailed Lemur | 環尾狐猴 | Lémur Catta | Lemur Colianillado

Varecia variegata ssp. variegata | Black-and-white Ruffed Lemur | Maki Vari |

Age and sex have a profound effect on cytosine methylation levels in humans and many other species. Here we analyzed DNA methylation profiles of 2400 tissues derived from 37 primate species including 11 haplorhine species (baboons, marmosets, vervets, rhesus macaque, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutan, humans) and 26 strepsirrhine species (suborders...

For the endemic wildlife of Madagascar, the risk of extinction increases as the island's forest cover decreases. Many of the remaining forests are isolated fragments serving as important refugia for biodiversity. In this research note, we describe the biodiversity of the Ivohiboro Humid Forest (IHF), and its conservation importance in Madagascar. L...

Societal Impact Statement Today, expansive C 4 grassy biomes exist across central, western, and northern Madagascar. Some researchers have argued that the island's now‐extinct pygmy hippopotamuses belonged to a megaherbivore grazing guild that maintained these grasslands prior to human arrival. However, the chemistry of hippo bones indicates that C...

Protozoa of the genus Giardia cause the disease giardiosis in a large number of animal species, but also in humans. This disease can be either subclinical or followed by diarrhea, malabsorption, weight loss and stunted growth. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of Giardia sp. in different species of animals in Belgrade Zoo (asymptoma...

Madagascar’s high rates of endemism, paired with its escalating deforestation rates, has made it one of the most important conservation priorities on the planet. In southeastern Madagascar, the Corridor Forestier d’Ambositra Vondrozo (COFAV) is an unprotected rainforest corridor that sustains ∼15 species of lemurs, most of which are endangered. The...

In recent years, it has become widely accepted that interspecific gene flow is common across the Tree of Life. Questions remain about how species boundaries can be maintained in the face of high levels of gene flow and how phylogeneticists should account for reticulation in their analyses. The true lemurs of Madagascar (genus Eulemur, 12 species) p...

Non-human primates are a critical species for the identification of key biological mechanisms in normal and pathological aging. One of these primates, the mouse lemur, has been widely studied as a model of cerebral aging or Alzheimer's disease. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) can be measured w...

Anthropogenic activities are negatively affecting the flora and fauna of Madagascar, including its Endangered flagship lemur species, the ring-tailed lemur Lemur catta . Population numbers at some sites are rapidly declining, yet much of the species' habitat is insufficiently surveyed. Because widespread population assessments are critical to guidi...

Real-time object detection (OD) is a key enabling technology for a wide range of emerging mobile system applications. However, deploying an OD model pre-trained on a public dataset (source domain) in a specific local environment (target domain) is known to lead to significant performance degradation because of the so-called domain gap between the d...

Even after the 150th anniversary of sexual selection theory, the drivers and mechanisms of female sexual selection remain poorly studied. To understand demographic circumstances favoring female-female competition, trade-offs with kin selection and interactions with male reproductive strategies, we investigated female evictions in redfronted lemurs...

Identifying the major forces driving variation in gut microbiomes enhances our understanding of how and why symbioses between hosts and microbes evolved. Gut prokaryotic community variation is often closely associated with host evolutionary and ecological variables. Whether these same factors drive variation in other microbial taxa occupying the an...

We reviewed 13 articles that used functional analysis in the assessment of undesirable behavior emitted by dogs, cats, a baboon, a lemur, a chimpanzee, and a vulture. The functional analysis produced a clear outcome for 32 of 33 subjects, demonstrating its efficacy with nonhumans. We propose several avenues for further examination of its applicatio...

Lemurs are a well-known example of adaptive radiation. Since colonizing Madagascar, more than 100 extant lemur species have evolved to fill the variety of ecological niches on the island. However, recent work suggests that lemurs do not exhibit one of the hallmarks of adaptive radiations: explosive speciation rates that decline over time. We test t...

Coevolution played a central role in shaping biodiversity. However, coevolutionary events driving reciprocal diversification between interacting partners lack empirical evidences. Examples of diversification arising from mutualisms and antagonisms at different trophic levels are scarce, which limits our understanding on how complex relationships be...

Violating the observation conditions for the investigated objects leads to the formation of diverse typical forms of objects throughout the frame in the series. As a consequence, determining the exact position of the object on the frame becomes difficult. To this end, a method was devised to determine the position of an object using the typical for...

In this essay, I summarize my research career, with reference to the early days of the Laboratory of Physical Anthropology (LPA) at Kyoto University led by Kinji Imanishi and Junichiro Itani. When I started conducting research on the sexual behavior of Japanese macaques in 1975, I made some unexpected observations. High-ranking males did not obtain...

A prominent body of research spanning disciplines has been focused on the potential underlying role for oxytocin in the social signatures of monogamous mating bonds. Behavioral differences between monogamous and non-monogamous vole species, putatively mediated by oxytocinergic function, constitute a key source of support for this mechanism, but it...

Here we provide a detailed comparative analysis across the candidate X-Inactivation Center (XIC) region and the XIST locus in the genomes of six primates and three mammalian outgroup species. Since lemurs and other strepsirrhine primates represent the sister lineage to all other primates, this analysis focuses on lemurs to reconstruct the ancestral...

Adenoviruses are important human and animal pathogens, and are frequently used as vectors for gene therapy and vaccine delivery. Surprisingly, there are only scant data regarding primate adenovirus origin and evolution, especially in the most basal primate hosts. We detect and sequence adenoviruses from faeces of two Madagascan lemur species. Compl...

Dispersal is a fundamental aspect of primates’ lives and influences both population and community structuring, as well as species evolution. Primates disperse within an environmental context, where both local and intervening environmental factors affect all phases of dispersal. To date, research has primarily focused on how the intervening landscap...

While the interaction between emotions and cognition is relatively well known in humans, it remains to be explored in non-human primates, whose dedicated studies are carried out on a limited diversity of species, preventing us from discussing the evolutionary origin of this interaction. Here, we explored this cognition-emotion interaction in the gr...

Multi-condition single-cell data reveal expression differences between corresponding cell subpopulations in different conditions. Current approaches divide cells into discrete groups or clusters and identify differentially expressed genes between corresponding groups. Here, we propose a method that operates without such grouping. Latent embedding m...

The northeast of Madagascar is as diverse as it is threatened. The area bordering the Analanjirofo and SAVA regions contains six protected areas and at least 22 lemur species. Many applied research and conservation programs have been established in the region with the aim of ensuring both wildlife and people thrive in the long term. While most of t...

The appearance of "blurred" digital images is a consequence of the violation of the immobility of the camera during the shooting of the objects under study. To this end, a procedure was devised for matched filtering of the blurred digital image of the object using its typical image form in a series of frames. This procedure is based on the automate...

Primate encounter rates often vary throughout the year due to seasonal differences in activity, ecology, and behaviour. One notably extreme behaviour is continuous hibernation. Although a rare adaptation in primates, the dwarf lemurs of Madagascar (genus Cheirogaleus) enter obligate hibernation each year during the dry season, after spending the we...

Microcebus murinus, or gray mouse lemur (GML), is one of the smallest primates known, with a size in between mice and rats. The small size, genetic proximity to humans and prolonged senescence, make this lemur an emerging model for neurodegenerative diseases. For the same reasons, it could help understand how aging affects cardiac activity. Here, w...

A total of 94% of lemur species are currently threatened with extinction and more than 17 species of giant lemur are already extinct. To help prevent the extinction of Madagascar's remaining lemurs, Dr. Patricia Wright initiated conservation programs in the Ranomafana region of southern Madagascar in the 1990s. These continued and expanded, and in...

Motivation Retroviruses are important contributors to disease and evolution in vertebrates. Sometimes, retrovirus DNA is heritably inserted in a vertebrate genome: an endogenous retrovirus (ERV). Vertebrate genomes have many such virus-derived fragments, usually with mutations disabling their original functions. Results Some primate ERVs appear to...

The adult rodent subventricular zone (SVZ) generates neural stem cells (NSCs) throughout life that migrate to the olfactory bulbs (OBs) and differentiate into olfactory interneurons. Few SVZ NSCs generate oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). We investigated how neurogliogenesis is regulated during aging in mice and in a non-human primate (NHP) m...

Animal groups regularly lose group members as a result of death and dispersal, but the consequences ofsuch a loss on the social relationships among the remaining group members remain generally under-studied. Moreover, some of the few studies on this topic reported destabilizing effects of group memberloss in some species, whereas in other species i...

Sucking lice live in intimate association with their hosts and often display a high degree of host specificity. The present study investigated sucking lice of the genus Lemurpediculus from six mouse lemur (Microcebus) and two dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus) species endemic to the island of Madagascar, considered a biodiversity hotspot. Louse phylogeneti...

Ruffed lemurs ( Varecia variegata and Varecia rubra ) are categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List, and genetic studies are needed for assessing the conservation value of captive populations. Using 280 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences, we studied the genetic diversity and structure of captive ruffed lemurs in Madagascar,...