Legal Analysis - Science topic

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved, with Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrating unprecedented capabilities in natural language processing, automated reasoning, and decision-making. However, a critical challenge remains: the inability of these models to reassess and refine their thought processes after an initial response. Traditio...

∴ Introduction ∴ ‌ Contracts serve as a foundational mechanism through which individuals and entities engage in transactions, ensuring that their rights and obligations are clearly defined and legally enforceable. Within various legal frameworks, contracts may be either unconditional or conditional, with the latter incorporating specific conditions...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved, revolutionizing various domains through advanced machine learning techniques. Among the most significant breakthroughs in AI development is the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), which have exhibited remarkable proficiency in text generation, logical reasoning, and complex problem-solving. H...

Developing capabilities in outer space has become crucial as the space segment becomes an increasingly important pillar of the economy and defence capabilities of states. Despite the growing global competition in and for outer space, in recent decades the EU and the ESA have focused their strategy on the civil aspects of space exploration. However,...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved, with Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrating unprecedented capabilities in natural language processing, automated reasoning, and decision-making. However, a critical challenge remains: the inability of these models to reassess and refine their thought processes after an initial response. Traditio...

The rapid development of digital economy brings new challenges to the international tax system, and digital service tax comes into being. This paper takes the characteristics of digital service tax as the entry point, combs through the specific principles and rules of international taxation, and makes a differentiated comparison of the digital serv...

The article examines conciliation procedures in the resolution of economic disputes by conducting a comparative legal analysis. It is emphasized that modern trends in the development of the legal system demonstrate the growing role of conciliation procedures in the resolution of economic disputes. Alternative methods of dispute resolution, such as...

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of legislative regulation of monetary circulation in Ukraine, covering the key stages of development – from the period of Kyivan Rus to the modern independent Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the historical context of the monetary system, in particular, the impact of socio-econo...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming sectors of the world, and the legal sector is no different. The emerging use of AI technologies into the judiciary has gigantic potential and issues. However, AI holds the potential to enhance the efficacy of legal processes by automating routine tasks like document searching, legal analysis, and contrac...

The article provides a thorough legal analysis of the institutional framework for the functioning, evolution and adaptation of the State Employment Service of Ukraine to the current challenges caused by socio-economic, political and legal transformations. The author examines the historical development of the State policy in the field of employment,...

The agrarian conflict in Moro-Moro Register 45, Mesuji Regency, Lampung, has significantly impacted the local community, particularly in restricting children's access to education. The enforcement of Law No. 18 of 2013 on the Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction and Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration has further complicated...

The intensification of economic sanctions, trade wars, and coercive financial instruments as geopolitical tools underscores the intricate intersection of macroeconomic stability, international legal frameworks, and behavioral decision-making in global economic governance. This paper critically examines the structural ramifications of sanctions regi...

The article is devoted to a comparative legal analysis of the appeal of the debtor’s transactions and property actions within the bankruptcy case, which caused harm to creditors. The first legislative regulation of the institution of appeal of fraudulent transactions, as well as practical and scientific developments, can be seen since the times of...

At the current stage of the transition of our society to a new stage, the process of interaction between the state and citizens is increasingly taking place with the participation of information technologies. The stability of many social relations in the state and the creation of prerequisites for sustainable economic growth depend on their functio...

The integration of smart contracts into corporate governance presents significant opportunities for enhancing transparency, efficiency, and automation in decision-making and compliance processes. However, their implementation also introduces complex legal risks and challenges. This paper explores key legal concerns associated with smart contracts i...

The integration of smart contracts into corporate governance presents significant opportunities for enhancing transparency, efficiency, and automation in decision-making and compliance processes. However, their implementation also introduces complex legal risks and challenges. This paper explores key legal concerns associated with smart contracts i...

This study aims to answer the question of why Baros mangrove forest area does not yet have legal legality and the opportunities for this area to be used as an essential ecosystem area, Kawasan Ekosistem Esensial (KEE). This study used empirical normative research to integrate normative legal aspects at the level of theories, rules, and legal princi...

The integration of smart contracts into corporate governance presents significant opportunities for enhancing transparency, efficiency, and automation in decision-making and compliance processes. However, their implementation also introduces complex legal risks and challenges. This paper explores key legal concerns associated with smart contracts i...

The article examines the current problems of codification of military legislation of Ukraine and the Italian Republic on the basis of a comparative legal analysis of the legal provisions of the codification acts of the military legislation of the two states. The current problems of legal regulation of Ukrainian military legislation, which consists...

The protection of personal data and religious freedom represent two fundamental rights that can be potentially in conflict in the European Union legal framework. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze Articles 91 and 17 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR 2016) in order to examine their implications for the exercise of relig...

Environmental protection requires robust legal instruments grounded in sound philosophical principles. While environmental laws must be carefully formulated and enforced, their implementation often overlooks the significance of customary law and local knowledge. Existing studies have primarily focused on statutory environmental regulations but have...

This article combines legal, technical, and organizational aspects to propose a comprehensiveapproach to addressing cybersecurity of maritime transport. It highlights key gaps inthe international legal framework and suggests a unified legal framework to regulate these cyberthreats from a maritime transportation perspective. The article focuses on t...

This paper presents the development of a cohesive set of scientifically grounded recommendations aimed at harmonizing anti-discrimination protections. These recommendations, rooted in multidisciplinary knowledge, address the complexities of sequential, additive, and intersectional multiple discrimination. Through a multidisciplinary approach that c...

In Indonesia, the legal certainty of interfaith marriages is a long-standing problem because the existing positive law does not provide legal certainty regarding the validity of such marriages. In response, the Supreme Court attempted to harmonize the views regarding interfaith marriages by issuing SEMA Number 2 of 2023 which basically contains an...

Objective: This study aims to explore the evolving jurisprudence on the right against climate change in India, focusing on M.K. Ranjitsinh & Ors. v. Union of India. The case exemplifies a unique environment vs. environment conflict, where measures taken for climate change mitigation, such as renewable energy expansion, pose a direct threat to biodi...

During the first years of its existence the Bulgarian statehood is built in two centers. The current research aims is to clarify the political structure of the “second Bulgaria”, called Eastern Rumelia. The research is based on historic and legal analysis. The main conclusion is that Autonomous Region is a purely Bulgarian province, bearing the c...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved, with Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrating unprecedented capabilities in natural language processing, automated reasoning, and decision-making. However, a critical challenge remains: the inability of these models to reassess and refine their thought processes after an initial response. Traditio...

El análisis legal del delito de ataque o resistencia penalizado en el Código Orgánico Integral Penal (2014) revela una potencial vulneración al principio de seguridad jurídica reconocida en nuestra Constitución de la República del Ecuador (2008), en consecuencia que la conducta castigada carece de una clara definición, generando ambigüedad al momen...

Because digital devices and systems are widely used in all aspects of society, the risk of adversaries creating cyberattacks on a similar level remains high. As such, regulation of these aspects must follow, which is the domain of cybersecurity. Because this topic is worldwide, different jurisdictions should take inspiration from successful techniq...

Objectives: This paper examines the role of emojis in contract formation as an expression of intent within the Jordanian legal system and other comparative legal frameworks. It seeks to determine whether emojis can be taken seriously as a means of expressing an offer, acceptance, or rejection and to identify the legal challenges affecting their enf...

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the government’s responsibility in providing legal protection for doctors involved in telemedicine services in Indonesia. As telemedicine grows in importance for improving healthcare accessibility, legal certainty for medical practitioners remains a critical issue that must be addressed. Method: This research...

The global air transport network is an open system subject to a vast array of interdependent and independent variables. This is particularly evident during periods of military conflict. Notable incidents such as the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 by a Russian missile and the 2014 downing of a Ukraine International Airlines Boeing 737 by a...

This study presents a new, multidisciplinary method to assess countries’ vulnerabilities to illicit financial flows (IFFs) in different economic channels. Acknowledging that money laundering involves legitimate financial channels and regulatory gaps, our approach combines quantitative data on bilateral economic activities with a qualitative assessm...

Background The Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm (BOADICEA) incorporates the effects of common genetic variants, from polygenic risk scores, pathogenic variants in major breast cancer (BC) susceptibility genes, lifestyle/hormonal risk factors, mammographic density, and cancer family history to predict...

The article deals with the legal analysis of Directive (EU) 2024/1799 (so called Right to Repair Directive), which represents a key step in the regulation of the right to repair of goods in the European Union. The Directive aims to promote sustainable consumer behaviour, extend the lifetime of products and contribute to the objectives of the circul...

Analyzing large volumes of case law to uncover evolving legal principles, across multiple cases, on a given topic is a demanding task for legal professionals. Structured topical reports provide an effective solution by summarizing key issues, principles, and judgments, enabling comprehensive legal analysis on a particular topic. While prior works h...

This paper argues that a dataset's legal risk cannot be accurately assessed by its license terms alone; instead, tracking dataset redistribution and its full lifecycle is essential. However, this process is too complex for legal experts to handle manually at scale. Tracking dataset provenance, verifying redistribution rights, and assessing evolving...

In-stream wetlands have emerged as a promising approach for improving drainage water quality. This paper assesses the efficiency and sustainability of natural in-stream wetlands (ISW) within two Egyptian drains (Tellin Drain and Faraa Al Bahwo Drain) for improving drainage water quality through a comprehensive SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses,...

The presumption of innocence is one of the key principles of criminal procedure which guarantees fairness of proceedings and protection of human rights. In the context of Ukraine’s European integration, it is of particular importance to analyze its doctrinal and regulatory content through the prism of the European Convention on Human Rights, the Eu...

Análisis legal de los cuerpos jurídicos que tutelan a la viuda, beneficiándola como heredera y pensionada de la seguridad social.

The use of dietary supplements in sports presents both potential benefits and significant regulatory and ethical challenges. This study examines the legal framework governing dietary supplements under international anti-doping policies, particularly the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Code, and analyzes the risks associated with supplement contamin...

In our increasingly digital world, society's reliance on technology to support daily activities underscores the critical importance of robust cybersecurity measures. As digital threats evolve in sophistication, cybercrime has surged, exploiting the extensive data generated by interconnected networks. This paper examines the legislative frameworks g...

While progress has been made in legal applications, law reasoning, crucial for fair adjudication, remains unexplored. We propose a transparent law reasoning schema enriched with hierarchical factum probandum, evidence, and implicit experience, enabling public scrutiny and preventing bias. Inspired by this schema, we introduce the challenging task,...

The article is devoted to the study of modern aspects of legal regulation of financial monitoring. The article emphasizes that in the conditions of the war between Russia and Ukraine, the issue of preventing economic crime is extremely relevant for ensuring the economic security of the state. Laundering of funds obtained through criminal means can...

PROGRESSIVE VOICE WEEKLY HIGHLIGHTS REPORTS UPDATE-17 th FEBRUARY 2025-23th FEBRUARY 2025 https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/2025/02/28/argentina-arrest-warrant-for-justice/ Advancing Towards Justice February 28th, 2025 • Author:Progressive Voice Resources from the past week actions Statements and Press Releases https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org...

It is indicated that the concept of the constitutional order occupies a central place in the modern theory of constitutionalism, establishing the fundamental principles of the organization of state and public life. The economic order acts as a key component of the constitutional order, forming the basic principles of the functioning of the economic...

The One Health approach, which emphasizes the interdependence of human, animal, and environmental health, provides a comprehensive framework for addressing complex health challenges. This paper explores the potential for integrating One Health principles into Albania’s legal framework through a comprehensive analysis of judicial decisions issued by...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made extraordinary strides in recent years, revolutionizing numerous fields, from natural language processing and decision-making to creative content generation and problem-solving. Among the most sophisticated advancements are Large Language Models (LLMs), which have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understa...

The article examines the chronology of formation of special legislation of Ukraine regulating public relations in the field of physical therapy, rehabilitation in the healthcare sector and social rehabilitation. Based on the historical and legal analysis, the author proposes to divide the process of development of this branch of legislation into fo...

The scientific article, based on a comparative legal analysis, clarifies the property regimes of spouses in European countries and reveals the peculiarities of the division of joint property of spouses. Many changes have been identified in the regulation of the property regime of spouses in Austria, in particular, such institutions as “marital shar...

It is indicated that in the conditions of Russian aggression against Ukraine, the key issue of national security has become the effective functioning of the defense procurement system. The prompt and uninterrupted supply of necessary products, works and services for the security and defense sector is critically important during active hostilities....

Artificial intelligence has undergone a profound transformation in recent years, with Large Language Models (LLMs) emerging as some of the most powerful tools for thought generation, problem-solving, and creative assistance. Unlike earlier rule-based AI systems, which followed rigid programming logic and produced static outputs, modern LLMs utilize...

The digital era has brought about new security challenges. Security in the digital context is neither border centric nor a traditional security threat that can be contained into individual behaviour or which respects traditional borders. It may affect both privacy issues at the individual level and state security. What does this mean for the tools...

Badanie poświęcone jest analizie i porównaniu środków ograniczających przewidzianych w kodeksie karnym Ukrainy i nakazów wynikających z kodeksu karnego Republiki Austrii. W celu kompleksowego przedstawienia tego tematu artykuł zawiera przede wszystkim krótki opis kodeksów karnych wyżej wymienionych państw. Ustalono, że kodeks karny Ukrainy i kodeks...

This paper provides a legal analysis of education in China, tracing the historical evolution of its laws, policies, and reforms. Beginning with the Confucian-based imperial education system, which primarily served to uphold the imperial order and select bureaucrats, the paper examines the transformation of education law during the Republican era, t...

Globalization and economic liberalization have increased foreign investment in Indonesia, including through the establishment of Foreign Investment Limited Liability Companies (PT PMA). PT PMA often establishes other business entities, such as Limited Partnership (CV), to maximize its business. This phenomenon raises legal questions regarding the l...

Objectives: This study examines the legal implications of parentage verification in determining nationality. It highlights how nationality laws impact children's rights, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding their fundamental rights, including legal recognition of parentage and nationality acquisition. The research aims to analyze the principl...

Objective: To protect the environment, and through a legal analysis of environmental legislation, we find provisions requiring the state to enter into contracts aimed at environmental protection within the framework of the green economy. This economy represents a pathway toward achieving sustainable development. Theoretical Framework: The state oft...

O trabalho analisa a multa imposta pela Agência Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD) à Telekall Infoservice por violações à Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD). O estudo examina essa decisão no contexto do Direito sancionador, diferenciando privacidade e proteção de dados e considerando marcos legais brasileiros. Destarte, buscou-se estabelecer c...

The application of the National Health Insurance (JKN) membership requirement in the process of issuing a Certificate of Good Conduct (SKCK) has resulted in various problems, especially for those who are not registered as members. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the JKN membership requirement in the SKCK issuance process and...

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the evolution of Czech national identity within the context of the geopolitical and cultural constructs of the West, the East, and Central Europe. By employing an interdisciplinary approach that integrates historical, legal, and political science perspectives, it builds upon prior scholarship through new...

Cryptocurrency, or crypto assets, are virtual commodities emerging from technological advancements in commodity futures trading. To strengthen regulatory frameworks, it is essential to examine their characteristics as property, particularly their eligibility for property rights and use as collateral. This normative legal study employs a dogmatic ap...

Indonesia, as a developing country, faces major challenges in balancing economic development with protecting the rights of indigenous people. The history of economic development shows that the industrialization phase often ignores the rights of communities, especially indigenous communities. In this context, Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Number...

The article addresses the issues of legal regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of its rapid development and penetration into various spheres of life. The introduction raises the problem of uncertainty in the legal environment regarding content created using AI, with a particular focus on copyright issues and the possibility of...

This study employs normative legal research methods, which focus on analyzing legal norms and regulations relevant to the research topic. Normative legal research is a scientific procedure aimed at discovering the truth through logical reasoning based on the established principles of law. This method relies on the systematic examination of legal ma...

I will first reconstruct the sequence of accident based on the preliminary report released by Kazakhstan. Subsequently, I will lay the groundwork for either a criticism or a critique of the report by addressing key international and domestic legal norms regulating aviation accident investigations. In the third section, I will assess the reasonablen...

Legal accountability in corruption crimes is a legal consequence or liability that must be borne by the perpetrators of corruption crimes due to the losses they have caused. In the context of Indonesian law, corruption crimes are clearly regulated in Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Corruption Crimes as amended by Law Number 20 of 2001 on the Eradi...

Objectives: This study examines hardship in international commercial contracts through non-legislative codifications, specifically the UNIDROIT Principles (PICC), the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL), and the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR). It evaluates their effectiveness in regulating contractual imbalances and providing remedie...

The Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA) was introduced as a temporary solution to the paralysis of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Appellate Body. This paper examines the MPIA’s structure, legal framework, and effectiveness within the WTO dispute settlement system. It highlights the MPIA’s voluntary nature, limited particip...

This paper explores the complexities arising from the intersection of religious freedom and the principles of gender equality and non-discrimination, a pressing issue within the modern European landscape. It investigates these challenges by examining legal responses to religious speech linked to gender identity, particularly in cases categorized as...

The objectives of this study are focused on a comparative legal analysis of the importance of achieving consistency between the legal, tax and accounting qualifications of financial leasing transactions within the economic and legal system of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), as well as offering an assessment of the potential of transposing different e...

The Artha Rin Adalat Ain 2003 (ARAA) was enacted in Bangladesh to expedite the loan recovery process for banks and financial institutions. While financial stability is ensured by enabling lenders to reclaim debts efficiently, the law imposes strict measures that significantly restrict borrowers’ rights. Key concerns include limited access to appeal...

The Artha Rin Adalat Ain 2003 (ARAA) was enacted in Bangladesh to expedite the loan recovery process for banks and financial institutions. While financial stability is ensured by enabling lenders to reclaim debts efficiently, the law imposes strict measures that significantly restrict borrowers’ rights. Key concerns include limited access to appeal...

The selection of legitimate targets during armed conflict is an integral part of international humanitarian law, which aims to limit harm to the civilian population and protect civilian objects from random or unjustified attacks. The study aims to analyse the methods of selecting legitimate targets in armed conflict within the framework of internat...

Introduction: The article examines the relevant legal aspects of protecting land ownership rights under martial law. Objectives: This article aims to analyse the legal norms and mechanisms that regulate the protection of land ownership rights in emergencies and wartime and develop proposals for their improvement. Methods: The research methods inclu...

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a key role in the global economy, and its protection is often ensured through provisions in Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), particularly the Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) standard. However, when the host country's actions lead to substantive devaluation of an investor's assets, often referred to as i...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed corporate governance, offering unparalleled opportunities for efficiency and decision-making and raising a host of complex legal questions. This article explores the use of AI in corporate governance, addressing the changing role of AI, ethical and legal issues, questions of liability and accountability,...

Based on Larw Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution, this study examines the legality of mediation outcomes as a dispute resolution procedure in business contracts. Mediation is one alternative dispute resolution technique. By using a mediator as an impartial third party, the two parties to the dispute hope to...

This study explores the integration of advanced language models (LLMs) with legal argumentation processes, aiming to address a question posed by Walton in 2004: the potential of argumentation methods to identify the best arguments for supporting or refuting a claim. By leveraging the capabilities of LLMs, we demonstrate the practical application of...

Objective: This study aims to analyze the modus operandi of the land mafia, a significant cause of widespread land disputes in Indonesia, and to identify the factors contributing to its prevalence. Additionally, the research seeks to propose potential solutions for addressing these challenges and improving the enforcement of land laws. Theoretical...

This research intends to analyze legal protection for consumers regarding the services of the Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) in Samarinda, which are often complained about, both in terms of quality and service continuity. In this context, the research evaluates consumer rights as required by Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection. Based o...

This chapter analyses the use of science in international law, at the horizontal level of treaty-making and the vertical level of sub-treaty rule making and implementation, for regimes pertaining to the so-called global commons. Traditionally, the global commons comprise Antarctica, Outer Space, the High Seas and the Atmosphere. According to the te...

This study focused on future trends in Nigerian bilateral agreements lessons and from other jurisdictions. The study carried out a comparative legal analysis to explore how other jurisdictions with similar multilateral and bilateral commitments have navigated the legal connections. The lessons learned from other jurisdictions are of great value, co...

En el trabajo se realiza un análisis jurídico de la naturaleza de los datos neuronales en la Unión Europea y en España. Asimismo, se examinan los posible cauces jurídicos para su incorporación como una categoría específica de datos. A la luz de la jurisprudencia y la legislación europea, se concluye que los datos neuronales tienen una naturaleza po...

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in various tasks such as natural language understanding, text summarization, and machine translation. However, their general-purpose nature often limits their effectiveness in domain-specific applications that require specialized knowledge, such as healthcare, chemistry, or legal ana...

Human rights, as inherent rights granted to all individuals by virtue of their existence, are enshrined in Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. In Indonesia, human rights remain a critical focus, particularly in addressing past gross human rights violations, which continue to be unresolved despite various regulations, including Presidenti...

The focus of this article is on the interplay between legal concepts and biblical teachings, drawing inspiration from both the Old and New Testaments. The review commences by delving into the legal precepts of the Old Testament, understanding the shaped notions of justice, morality, and governance in ancient societies. As the narrative unfolds, att...

In the previous year, the Republic of Azerbaijan hosted the prestigious international climate event - COP29 while simultaneously designating 2024 as the "Year of Solidarity for the Green World." These significant milestones prompt an essential inquiry into the preparedness of Azerbaijan's customs practices, particularly in its import-dependent econ...

The principle of insurable interest has existed for a long time in countries with developed insurance markets. In many countries, it has been introduced in legal regulations that can regulate it entirely and strictly. In Vietnam, no law regulated it until the first Law on the Insurance Business of Vietnam was passed by the National Assembly in 2000...

Understanding the interactions between law, technology and society writ large is a very important task for legal analysis. However, the relationship between these areas can be very complex, resulting in a complex web of interactions and feedbacks. Fortunately, Science and Technology Studies (‘STS’) offers a varied toolkit which can help us to under...

This study examines the influence of Contract Change Order (CCO) on addendum in a contract, focusing on the legal aspects and practical implications in the implementation of construction projects. CCO is an important instrument that allows changes in the scope, cost, and time of a project, which can lead to the issuance of an addendum. Through a ju...

Surgical secrecy and data protection are important parts of the medical field because they protect patients' privacy and allow for quick and effective care. As technology improves, medical data is being processed and sent over more and more platforms. This makes people worry about the safety of private data. The purpose of this paper is to look at...

The Batak Toba customary law adheres to a patrilineal inheritance system, where male children are the primary heirs of family assets, while female children only receive symbolic portions in the form of gifts or jambar. This study aims to examine the legal protection for female children in inheritance distribution in Janjiraja Village, Samosir Regen...

Fasakh, a legal mechanism in Islamic family law, allows a wife to seek marriage annulment under specific conditions, differing from talaq, which is initiated by the husband. While both Indonesia and Malaysia recognize fasakh, their legal frameworks differ; Indonesia regulates it under the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) with significant influence...

This research examined the legal implications of credit defaults in Indonesia, specifically assessing whether cases of payment default or bad debt fell under civil or criminal liability. It also investigated whether fraudulent activities in the credit process constituted predicate offenses, such as corruption, potentially leading to money launderin...

Another area of concern in the management of youth offenders in this respect of statutory framework in Pakistan is the aspect of rehabilitation, which requires further analysis and improvement. Thus, the nature of this research work involves the critically examining of the current legal structures and processes of youth offenders’ rehabilitation in...

This paper undertakes a critical examination of the nuanced distinctions between the legal concepts of ownership and possession within the framework of Scottish law. Property law in Scotland has a solid foundation deeply rooted in Roman law and the legal comprehension and context of ownership and possession is fundamental to it. Analogous to the di...

This study examines the conceptual differences between default and unlawful acts in Book III of the Civil Code and reconstructs both concepts in the context of Indonesian civil law. In addition, this study analyzes the perspective of Islamic law on the reconstruction carried out. The method used is normative legal research with a statute approach a...

As global advancements accelerate, modernisation and technological developments are transforming the ocean sector, bringing new opportunities while also posing significant challenges. Nevertheless, these developments have exposed gaps in the existing legal framework of ocean governance—the law of the sea—which has yet to fully address many emerging...