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I find some Federal and some State law that provides protection for certain medical professionals from tort liability. What about other volunteers who are not medical personnel? Also credentialing, and background checks can be time consuming and have cost. Should those types of things be done for everyone or only in certain cases?
As a student I appreciate the opportunity to ask questions! Thanks jlh
Like some of the suspect laws still in practice in US, one is the Fair Use doctrine under US copyright. This doctrine is meant to allow limited use of copyrighted works without permission and only under certain circumstances, the scope of what qualifies as "fair use" is confusing and subjective and needs amending or revamping to prevent its gross misuse. This also is my research paper under study.
Mouth and talk goes like the food and digestion, (my coinage.).
Of my understanding of Sharia, Sharia meant to be Safety and a device for Tommy Robinson. As Sharia is meant to be for safety and justice.
Anyway, I believe Tommy Robinsons concern should not be ignored, he has right of seeking safety and freedom to his freedom of speech.
Mouth and talk goes like the food and digestion, (my coinage.)
Regards
Author Dr Fatema Miah.
Should researchers and educators do more to encourage policy-makers, media influencers, other opinion leaders, friends, family, neighbors, etc. to productively address propaganda?
Welcome your thoughts…
Inflation of unqualified unv-diplomas cause unemployment among graduates. Children of high social statue families most will be employed ! While others, most will be unemployed or underemployed. With board exams not only graduates but also universities will also be objectively classified for their BA/BS.
Example: Africa is a label for a continent. It has no overall leader or rulership, it is devided into countries. But now we are being told Africa is trying to sue Israel. But who is Africa? If "they" win, who gets the reward and how will it be fairly distributed around the continent of Africa? Or will only some people claim to have been successful in taking a country to court, and use it to show off against other African nations? I thought in order for a continent to take a country to courts, it would have to gather the signatures of every leader of each African country? If not, how does it work?
On the other side, there's Israel, the whole country's label. But within Israel are some people doing some things whilst others are not. Why should some people of Isreal get a reputation for genocide when it was just some other people using the Isreal label? How would others do trade and judge them in the future? It's not precise enough.
I don't think it is a legal move for a continent to sue a country and I'm struggling to see how this process is allowed, who personally will gain a reward from this, who will lose what etc?
It seems like an unfair trial with unfair uses of public legal systems both locally and globally. All because of labeling again. Like "them/they" issues.
Can anyone explain this process or direct me to further information I could read?
The following are metaphysics for social justice:
My answer: Yes, in order to interpret history, disincentives are the most rigorous guide. How?: Due to the many assumptions of inductive logic, deductive logic is more rigorous. Throughout history, incentives are less rigorous because no entity(besides God) is completely rational and or self-interested, thus what incentivizes an act is less rigorous then what disincentivizes the same action. And, as a heuristic, all entities(besides God) have a finite existence before their energy(eternal consciousness) goes to the afterlife( paraphrased from these sources : 1)
2) )
, thus interpretation through disincentives is more rigorous than interpreting through incentives.
In your opinion, should the issue of ensuring climate and environmental security for people become part of basic human rights? Should adherence to the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the urgent implementation of the green transformation of the economy also be recognized internationally, globally, as the basis for ensuring the conditions of existence for the life of future generations on planet Earth, ensuring the possibility of saving the biosphere, the biodiversity of natural ecosystems and the climate for future generations of people, for reducing the scale of the occurrence of global climate and environmental catastrophe in the near future? Therefore, for all of the aforementioned issues, should they be upgraded and recognized as one of the key factors in ensuring the survival of humanity on the planet and, therefore, recognize that they are important determinants of basic human rights? Recognize the right to clean air, to clean water, to an undestroyed biosphere, to a forest undegraded by predatory management, to an unsterilized soil, etc. as basic human rights, i.e. rights that will ensure human security for future generations of people?
With reference to the article published titled: "HUMAN SECURITY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW" of research results on the issue of climate and environmental security, the accelerating process of global warming generated by civilization's greenhouse gas emissions, the increasing scale of the negative effects of the climate crisis, the decreasing scale of human security, the increasing importance and scale of the implementation of the goals of sustainable development and the need to accelerate and increase the efficiency of carrying out the green transformation of the economy, I propose a discussion on the above topic. The research shows that one of the important factors in the increase in the importance and scale of the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and the need to accelerate and increase the efficiency of carrying out the green transformation of the economy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, slowing down the process of the planet's greenhouse effect, slowing down the process of global warming, which continues to progress faster and faster, reducing the scale of droughts, forest fires, water shortages, declining production of agricultural crops and other negative effects of progressive and human-induced climate change is to recognize human security as an important factor in the context of legislation and to recognize the issue of ensuring climate and environmental security as an important element of basic human rights. In view of the above, the issue of ensuring climate and environmental security should become part of basic human rights. Adherence to the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the urgent implementation of the green transformation of the economy should also be recognized internationally, globally as the basis for ensuring the conditions of existence for the life of future generations on planet Earth, ensuring the possibility of saving the biosphere, the biodiversity of natural ecosystems and the climate for future generations of people, for reducing the scale of the occurrence of global climate and environmental catastrophe in the near future. Therefore, for the aforementioned all issues should be upgraded and recognized as one of the key factors in ensuring the survival of humanity on the planet and, therefore, recognize that these are important determinants of basic human rights. Recognize the right to clean air, to clean water, to an undestroyed biosphere, to a forest undegraded by predatory management, to an unsterilized soil, etc. as basic human rights, i.e. rights that will ensure human security for future generations of people.
These considerations are inspired by the research results contained in my article entitled: "HUMAN SECURITY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW"
I invite you to familiarize yourself with the problems of this article. Please respond whether you agree with the above theses? I invite you to discuss and cooperate scientifically in this problematics.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
In your opinion, should the issue of ensuring climate and environmental security become part of basic human rights? Should adherence to the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the urgent implementation of the green transformation of the economy also be recognized internationally, globally as the basis for ensuring the conditions of existence for the life of future generations on planet Earth, ensuring the possibility of saving the biosphere, the biodiversity of natural ecosystems and the climate for future generations of people, for reducing the scale of the occurrence of global climate and environmental catastrophe in the near future? Therefore, for all of the aforementioned issues, should they be upgraded and recognized as one of the key factors in ensuring the survival of humanity on the planet and, therefore, recognize that they are important determinants of basic human rights? Recognize the right to clean air, to clean water, to an undestroyed biosphere, to a forest undegraded by predatory management, to unsterilized soil, etc. as basic human rights, i.e. rights that will ensure human security for future generations of people?
Should ensuring climate and environmental security for people become part of basic human rights?
And what is your opinion on this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
Counting on your opinions, on getting to know your personal opinion, on a fair approach to the discussion of scientific issues, I deliberately used the phrase "in your opinion" in the question.
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz

As all of you may know, we can take the experience of Trumpism(November 2016-January 2021) in the USA to explore questions such as when a democratic contest can lead to partial and permanent authoritarianism. The failure of the USEXIT/Trumpism to persist by losing reelection means that we just witness temporary authoritarianism, but it could have been worse as one more step was needed to move towards permanent authoritarianism in the USA and the lost of the most relevant normal democratic system in the world. Which raises the question, When can permanent authoritarianism take hold under majority rule liberal democracies?. Any ideas about what the missing step was to transition from temporary to permanent authoritarianism in the USA in 2020. Feel free to share your ideas.
Greetings, fortunately recently my paper was published which were regarding open data, however, I intend to establish a new research project now and collaborate with other researchers, preferably from other countries, and intend to have a look at open data from a legal lens. What steps should I take to expand my academic reach and find coauthors for my future research project?
Thank you
From a legal and political perspective, is establishing a globally recognized status of 'global citizenship' is feasible? What would be the critical legal, institutional, and practical hurdles to overcome in creating and implementing such a concept?
State board exams must be compulsory in some professions since diplomas of so many universities can't be trusted at all and are founded for profit & they act as diploma mill !
Can this discussion point be upheld?
A paper that is related is:
Preprint Thermodynamic advantages of morality
Not all but so many state, private & foundation university diplomas in many countries are not credible enough unless extra credited by other offically accepted board exams of relevent countries but if there are no such credible boards available in that countries, therefore what can be done !?
In your opinion, what issues concerning the development of artificial intelligence should be regulated by law?
In your opinion, should regulations be introduced to oblige people to report that a certain service or product has been created as a result of work done not by humans, but by artificial intelligence?
More and more frequently, call centre employees calling us with various product and service offers turn out to be a specific form of usually already relatively simple, no longer latest-generation artificial intelligence technology on the basis of which bots are created to replace humans in the call centre departments of companies, enterprises and institutions. Increasingly, simulations, forecasts of future consumption of specific fixed utilities, electricity, water, gas, etc., and invoices for periods of future consumption of energy and other utilities are being produced by artificial intelligence as part of the predictive analyses carried out. Increasingly, tools of a certain generation of artificial intelligence are being used to create memes posted on social media websites. The development of artificial intelligence generates opportunities for its application in various spheres of activity of companies, enterprises and institutions; in various industries and services; improving the efficiency of business activities by increasing the scale of automation of processes; increasing the scale of business efficiency, increasing the capacity to process large sets of data and information; increasing the scale of implementation of new business models based on large-scale automation of manufacturing processes, etc. However, developing artificial intelligence in an uncontrolled manner generates serious risks, such as an increase in the scale of disinformation, the appearance of fake news, including banners, memes containing pictures, graphics, animations, films prepared by artificial intelligence, presenting 'fictitious facts', i.e. in a seemingly very realistic way, depicting events that never happened. There are risks of a potential increase in the scale of influence on public opinion, of the formation of a general social awareness by organisations operating without respect for the law. On the one hand, it is necessary to create digital computerised and standardised tools, diagnostic information systems, to build a standardised system of labels informing users, customers, citizens using certain solutions, products and services that they are the products of artificial intelligence and not of humans. On the other hand, regulations should be introduced obliging people to inform them that a particular service or product is the result of work done not by humans, but by artificial intelligence.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
In your opinion, should regulations be introduced to oblige people to report that a certain service or product has been created as a result of work done not by humans but by artificial intelligence?
In your opinion, what issues concerning the development of artificial intelligence should be regulated by law?
Should the development of artificial intelligence be regulated by law?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Counting on your opinions, on getting to know your personal opinion, on an honest approach to the discussion of scientific issues and not the ready-made answers generated in ChatGPT, I deliberately used the phrase "in your opinion" in the question.
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
I have not used other sources or automatic text generation systems such as ChatGPT in writing this text.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz

Everyone should watch this groundbreaking hearing on AI oversight...
...think hard, and voice your ideas (and crucially the reasons for those ideas).
So, what are your thoughts?
Our answer is YES --> Imaginary numbers are denied in quantum mechanics and Erwin Schrödinger said it first, in 1926.
We understand that numbers find a natural origin in set theory but common set theory does not explain physics and does not explain reality.
However, a special set people hint at could exist, that features phases with phase transitions. Could this represent gravity, electromagnetism, the laser, etc.?
We are proposing the set Q* [see below], providing a solution to these physical questions in a natural setting with numbers, using the properties of Clifford multivectors. Critically, one can calculate the ratio of elements, which Gibbs vector calculus cannot do.
Further, and to answer this question, many proofs exist that rational numbers can be counted by natural numbers. The new set Q* satisfies this, opening new possibilities in the sets N and Z.
This is based on set theory, and is not decidable by voting. Contrary opinions are mistaken.
Support comes from:
Preprint The quantum set Q*
and many more.
Unless we want irreproducibility, in Physics and Mathematics, we have to accept first that random variables do not exist, and second find ways to get probability and imaginary numbers (aka, non-numbers) out of quantum mechanics.
See publications. Question closed.
A while back I wanted to use a story by Edgar Rice Burroughs in my radio stream. The story in question I assumed to be public domain in 70+ countries, like Norway, where I was residing at the time. However, when I contacted the Edgar Rice Burroughs literary estate they told me it was not due to some Bern agreement or something, which they said extended US copyrights (95+) into Norway. When I contacted a Norwegian legal scholar in order to have this verified, he told me this was not the case. I did not use the story because I know that some literary estates try to intimidate those with fewer financial resources. Nor was I short of alternatives of equal quality. My question is: what are the facts? Do certain trade agreements extend US copyrights into another country, and vice versa?
The offence of rape and its portrayal in the media, the current reforms in social media
One can consider that R=Q, not just as an equivalence (~), which is set by computers. Computers cannot natively use the mathematical real-numbers (the set R), nor the mathematical complex numbers (the set C) -- they do not actually exist.
We are able to formulate ANY requirement of conventional field theory, but the reverse is NOT true -- as I published in QM as early as 1978, using differentials of discontinuous functions. The set Q admits solutions that the sets R and C are impotent to reach.
Quantum mechanics is affirmed without any doubt, although it is a story in Plato's Cave. The calculus of everywhere discontinuous functions is now allowed, and absolutely exact.
Support comes from:
Preprint FT = FFT
This is valid for all areas. SEE PUBLICATIONS. QUESTION CLOSED.
What is the current consensus among historians and other scholars? Apart from his alleged relationship with Mrs. Crawford that compromised his political career, did Dilke have other clandestine romantic liaisons?
In almost all countries students can enter medical, dental, pharmacy, law schools after high school education but not in USA & Canada. Probably the reason to this is to avoid most of the bright students prefer to enter directly to these branches just due to their relatively higher average incomes. So let them see other branches also and if they can excel let them go to their path rather than medical, dental, pharmacy, law schools since every branch needs best students. It is relatively difficult to enter medical, dental, pharmacy, law schools with very competetive entrance examinations such as MCAT, DCAT, LCAT and other credentials whereas most of them fail due to lack of places in these schools. Other than these, after admission to these schools courseworks also require much more effort since they are directly involved with the well being of each individual person by the service these professionals. Since I entered in most popular medical school in my country after high school I rather prefer to enter medicine after secondary school.
Corporal punishment, violent communication, humiliation...by parents and teachers.
"Committing a crime violates social laws, while deviant behavior violates social norms and rules" (Sociological Theories of Crime - July 27, 2021).
Having a deviant behaviour may or may not lead a person to commit a crime. Can anyone help me understand how does having a deviant behavior lead a person to commit a crime? How much push/power a person with deviant behavior need before he/she commits a crime? Please provide citation for any references (sociology journals, government websites, law journals, courts documents, other reading materials).
I am specifically looking for what stop these people from committing criminal acts. If they passed the hurdle (not bounded by the factor that stops them), what stop them to commit only one criminal act (self-reflect, intervention and punishment by the law come to my mind)? If there are some studies done regarding this for any type of criminal acts, I would like to read them.
There must be something regarding people committing crimes with no discernible deviant behaviors.
I would like to know what experts think about the current regulations of educational work and the influence that these laws have on the health of the education professional.
In my opinion, when judgments are made in court, a number of factors play an important role in their formation. On the one hand, there is, of course, the application of the law, the observance of established case law and, depending on the context, an interpretative framework. It is precisely in the latter case that the pre-understanding of a judge is likely to have a relevance that should not be underestimated. Is there any literature or empirical studies on this subject?
In the legal field of custody pending deportation (Abschiebungshaft) in the Federal Republic of Germany, errors happen more frequently in the lower instance, the district court. Above all, it is procedural errors that lead to decisions later being found to be unlawful, for example, a lawyer who can be seen from the files is not contacted or there is insufficient language mediation. In terms of reasons for this, the lack of time and the density of court proceedings are often put forward first, leading to a lower qualitative examination. In the same way, legal ignorance can sometimes be observed in the legal field of custody pending deportation.
I am interested in whether there are other areas of law in which similar errors can be identified at the lowest level? In other words, procedural errors that happen again and again.
While the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) is still at its infancy in the EU and the US, it is already becoming apparent that there are different approaches among countries on how to regulate AI. Does this mean that an international agreement will become necessary later on? What are the pros and cons of such an international regulatory approach?
Please, feel free to give more examples and to share your experiencies and/or opinions.
State secret is a constitutional limitation reason for freedom of expression in Turkey. So I am looking for the laws or procedural legal principles which are balancing state secrets and human rights. I am searching laws about state secret privilege or state secrecy procedures.
I am interested in the usefulness of zero knowledge proof in verifying an algorithm (for bias, privacy, data processing, and general deployment process). Have you come across examples of it in regulatory compliance?
Hello, good day.
Please I'm working on a project which needs a "review of relevant theories" of the study "medical negligence behavior"
I found 2 theories relating to this study (conflict theory and theory of negligence), but they are not enough.
Please can I get more theories concerning medical negligence?
I need details on the IDA-R scoring method.
Is there any constitutional or statutory provision ensring multiparty politics in your country? Or Is there any anti-floor-crossing law in your country? I need to run a comparative study on this.
Anti-floor-crossing laws restrict members of the parliament from voting against their party's stand.
The South Asian legal systems are still bearing colonial heritage of the British Indian empire inside its important laws. Basic laws in the field of evidence law, civil procedure, criminal procedure, penal law, contract law, personal law and so many other fields. Larger portion of these legislations are based on either the principles of Roman Law, Common law.
Most of these outdated and socially irrelevant laws are causing severe damage to the judicial systems and the societies. Complex laws are creating case-backlogs, laws with socially irrelevant remedy and lack of deterrance in punishments are creating social disorder.
Moreover, from a jurisprudential perspective, we can not expect a portion of victorian age legal system to be applied into some modern heterogenous societies having high opportunity of socio-economic prosperity.
Are there any law regulating cybersecurity in medical devices?
As much as I understand, the case will be decided by the jury, which consists of people who are not experts either in law or in medicine. Why is this good?
Would you be happy if you were tried by people who know neither the law nor the mater which the trial is about?
Why do law school exist, if a jury of non-experts can decide in the most difficult cases?
Most of the current laws within this sphere were designed before the rapid progress of digital agriculture and therefore they can be interpreted differently. Most of the farmers using benefits of digital agriculture are concerned about data use (or theft) since they are no ICT experts and the data can be used for various reasons. Is it really a data theft then, since some of that data could (and should?) be used by the local (of national) agriculture authorities to monitor the agricultural process or production of the farmer (in case of governmental incentives)? For what else can it be used in that case? What if the software is freeware as a part of the agricultural incentives for farmers? To what level the farmer should be informed about it since there is no possibility to guarantee what will happen with that data in practice?
How do you see the advancement of the law in this field? How do you assess the current situation? Let me know what do you think.
Hello, I am wondering whether there is any legal regulation about the duration of the non-compete agreement between influencers and advertisers or not. It is well-known that It is not uncommon for an influencer to work with other companies. Some companies may offer the same or similar products or services. It is crucial for the parties to discuss the exclusivity. If the company requires the influencer to be exclusive, they may require a non-compete agreement. Definitely, this noncompetition should continue during the main agreement. Nonetheless, is there any legal regulation which can indicate that the duration of the noncompetition might be extended after the expiration of the main agreement?
Thanks in advance.
What do you think what is the difference between Mandatory Overtime and slavery? and where is the line? Should it be allowed on the legislative basis that in some scenario employers would have a right to have mandatory not paid overtime requests > that employee can not refuse?
As far as I know, Egypt is the last country which enacted the Data Protection Law on 13 July 2020. Accordingly, the total number of countries with data protection law is 143. Is there any update other than this?
Mercury is a chemical used in several areas … It has an impact on health and the environment.
protect environment from the problems of tobacco product that have proven the facts and studies that it cause degradation of ecosystems, which led to pollute many regions in the world by toxic waste and first that have occurred .
In Brazil at a seminar sponsored by the special committee of the Chamber of Deputies, the consensus was that the hardening of punishments applied to juvenile offenders would not be the solution to reduce the practice of criminal acts of the same.
I would like to anticipate the idea why research activities in the academe is not usually adapted or been used by third parties in behalf of its purpose: I mean the purpose of their research. Consequently, college and post graduate schools require thesis products for graduation requirement intents, but, the idea is just for the compliance purpose of the course program; and what about being endorsed to important third parties such as government institutions as to be used as basis for policy making. I see the lapses in that point and that it is ironic that some educational institutions are better and very hard working dealing on their research activities and publications and yet their studies are minimally recognized by their government for policy making and protocols, in which, in this way, the idea or the effort of scholars doing such ingenuity will be usable as it get beneficiaries in hand. Studying is not that easy, why not support or maybe the university or educational institution must endorse their research products to nearby jurisdictional policy makers for the better and best of the community in nearby future. I am just wondering why that research products are treated that way not on the exact way that studies and experiment of these experts must be commended for being excellent in such field they had chosen as proven by the research studies they have done. Is it because it lacks support from their respective government? Is it because their government does not appreciate the efforts of their research scholars and enthusiasts? Or maybe, Do these research products are not totally important in the political maneuvers of their place?
In academic and professional level.
The Astana and Alma-Ata declarations shaped the characteristics of modern primary health care. How the public health system has improved and how it has not? In view of the recent COVID-19 pandemic.
Usually, research in legal disciplines is theoretical. A legal scientist has to read tons of papers (primary sources, doctrine etc.) and apply logical methods.
However, do you think is there a field or questions where a legal scientist can apply empirical approach? - experiment, surveys etc?
I am interested in legal science in a strict sense, not areas connected to the law, but falls into criminology, sociology etc.
Neonicotinoid seed dressings have caused concern world-wide is reported in the 2017 published articel here in
I am interested to know if seed dressings with neonicotinoid is really forbidden.
A) in which crops and
B) in which countries especially in USA.
Who has a survey what is going on?
Thanks.
Certainly, the commercial environment has been affected due to Covid 19, in which those who think that the effects are positive have contributed to the development of the commercial environment, and on the other hand, there are those who believe that trade has been negatively affected.
After considerable research, I have found several use cases which can be used to exemplify some implementations of AI on law firms. However, there is clearly a disadvantage for this segment when compared to medium or large law firms.
Now for the question, are there key components that we can identify in law firms that have succesfully adopted AI? If so, can these be directly implemented on small firms or are we to find a specific set of methodologies for this group?
Sometimes, it is not required chemical or nuclear weapons for mass destruction, and unsafe storage of chemicals such as Ammonium nitrate is good enough for the mass destruction. Massive damages at the Ports of Texas in 1947 and Beirut in 2020 are bitter examples of unsafe handling of chemicals such as ammonium nitrate.
Therefore, unsafe storage and handling of such chemicals within the boundaries of international ports should be regulated.
Since this is an international concern, I would like to discuss this matter with relevant experts.
Media discourses around the coronavirus pandemic tend towards metaphorical expressions such as the war against an invisible enemy, of the ecosystem balance so that the Earth returns to its original status. For this reason, expressions of legitimization of police and military violence have been seen to achieve social isolation. There are dangers in these metaphors since they do not focus on health education, but exacerbate autocracy and state violence.
I am looking for competitions/benchmarks in the field of e-discovery. My objective is to understand the state of the art in this field.
I found TREC (https://trec.nist.gov/) but their last legal track dates back to 2011.
Any idea? Thanks
If a company organize a prize operation, issuing utility tokens (considered as vouchers) which can be spent in some differents sales points/stores/seats of the company to have discounts on the purchase of goods and services, which is the legal status of theese tokens in EU?
It's possible to know if is there a regulation about this situation?
Thank you
This is an example of the service which I'm talking about: https://tokend.io/loyalty/
Do you think Data Protection Officer should be a lawyer or an infosec expert? Since it is very hard to get 2 in 1 in one person, do you thing that DPO should be a team of at least two people?
GDPR says:
The data protection officer shall be designated on the basis of professional qualities and, in particular, expert knowledge of data protection law and practices and the ability to fulfil the tasks referred to in Article 39.
Article 39
Tasks of the data protection officer
1. The data protection officer shall have at least the following tasks:
(a) to inform and advise the controller or the processor and the employees who carry out processing of their obligations pursuant to this Regulation and to other Union or Member State data protection provisions;
(b) to monitor compliance with this Regulation, with other Union or Member State data protection provisions and with the policies of the controller or processor in relation to the protection of personal data, including the assignment of responsibilities, awareness-raising and training of staff involved in processing operations, and the related audits;
(c) to provide advice where requested as regards the data protection impact assessment and monitor its performance pursuant to Article 35;
(d) to cooperate with the supervisory authority;
(e) to act as the contact point for the supervisory authority on issues relating to processing, including the prior consultation referred to in Article 36, and to consult, where appropriate, with regard to any other matter.
2. The data protection officer shall in the performance of his or her tasks have due regard to the risk associated with processing operations, taking into account the nature, scope, context and purposes of processing.
On 1 July 2012, the preliminary reference procedure was introduced at the Supreme Court of the Netherlands. When lower civil courts face controversial points of law, they may refer a question of interpretation to the Supreme Court and request a preliminary ruling. This way, the Supreme Court should be able to provide legal practice with a faster and more specific response to pressing legal questions than through the ‘ordinary’ procedure.
This preliminary reference procedure is not a modern invention. It was already known in Rome, existed in a specific form in France (référé législatif, where a question of interpretation was referred to the legislator), was used at the Italian Corte Costitutionale and has been a powerful tool for the development of EU law by the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg (see the attached blog and article). Furthermore, Protocol 16 to the ECHR will allow highest courts of states that have ratified this Protocol to refer a question of principle to the European Court of Human Rights for an advisory opinion.
I wanted to use ResearchGate for a small comparative exercise. Perhaps you would like to answer the following questions. May lower courts in your country refer a question of interpretation to the highest court(s) in your country? Did such an instrument once exist, or is the introduction of such an instrument currently under consideration in your country?
I am also interested in literature on this subject and in other relevant international examples.
Your help is greatly appreciated,
Ruben
Let me say a bit more. A starting perspective MUST be core-observation _AND core-principle founded, and grounded on that which is minimally clearly related to directly observable overt phenomena. These are absolute requirements for empiricism, for science. And remember: _your Subject, NOT YOU, should in-true-effect define every word and concept and the structure and nature of every set of concepts (much of all this following new observation and NEW DISCOVERIES). A strict, abiding, perspective of this quality is REQUIRED FOR ANY AND ALL SCIENCES.
If you do not start like this and stay like this, your sets-of-hypotheses/theory AND your approach will be contaminated (specifically: false w/r to reality) in some ways, and more and more, and lead you away from finding things as the really are.
[ P.S. NO need to try to "define" terms (providing generalities) or to define "realities" (boundaries). THIS IS NOT THE "JOB" OF A SCIENTIST _AND_ IS ACTUALLY NOT POSSIBLE to any notable extent through thinking alone. And yet, with this (doing as I indicated), there can be some real and good science related to anything ... ]
There is no reasonable and sound counterargument or major perspective. I actually view this Discussion (so far, as I have presented it) as quite beyond discussion. I see it as a foundational Law of Science. (Yet, there are those who seek science, or seek to progress their 'science', who violate this LAW every day.)
As well known, the complete similarity affinity laws are derived from the dimensional analysis techniqe of seven parameters that describe the pump performance; density, viscosity, D, speed, Q, h, and P . The analysis is based on a fixed length scale ratio that the conditions of the machines are geometrically similar. The complete affinity laws were developed which provide the three famous basic nondimentional coefficients, CQ, Ch, and CP. Here, one can change speed, size, or both, and predict the new performance parameters while keeping the pump efficiency mostly fixed according to the system behavior. However, to reduce costs pump casings are designed to accommodate a number of different impellers while keeping the same shaft. This leads to incomplete similarity as we don’t have a fixed length scale ratio for all pump components. Hence, the nondimentional coefficients are somehow expected to be changed.
Do you consider mediation or other ADR method (alternative dispute resolution) as an efficient and suitable method for settling international trade disputes with pharmaceutical products? Why? Pro & cons arguments?
If we want to keep using technologies we must abandoning Artificial intelligence. unless we found a way to control it which is unlikely to happen. Some rules must be adopted to band or control AI the issue here is do we have the right to make rules to band or control the AI in the name of law?
I'm working on new course book on international law and looking for reference on the subject matter mentioned above. Any view, info, paper welcome and will be referred to in the course book
Hi,
I'm looking for physical properties of Gazoline or Gazoline test fluid (such as Exxsol D40/D60) at various temperature and pressure on order to add into an hydraulic model. Particularly, I need data for bulk modulus, viscosity and density.
Thanks
I'm participating in a MOOT COURT competition and I need some help looking for jurisprudence to support the idea that the fact thatthe product was not discharged from the vessel is the buyer's responsability since the contract was signed unde Incoterms 2010 CFR. The Convention is applicable.
The world witnessed a marginalisation of normative perspectives in disciplines and an emphasis of positive perspective as the norm upon which disciplines should be developed. This caused much destruction in material and non-material sense. What does the future hide from us?
Without wishing death or misadventure upon any sitting U.S. Supreme Court judge, suppose that President Trump at 11 a.m. tomorrow were to have occasion to make another appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court. Could the President - "by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate", to be sure - appoint an artificial intelligence system to that office?
The "Appointments Clause" in the Constitution (Article II, Section 2, clause 2) states that the President "shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges of the supreme Court". There does not appear to be any requirement that the appointee be a human being.
Without wishing death or misadventure upon any sitting U.S. Supreme Court judge, suppose that President Trump at 11 a.m. tomorrow were to have occasion to make another appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court. Could the President - "by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate", to be sure - appoint an artificial intelligence system to that office?
The "Appointments Clause" in the Constitution (Article II, Section 2, clause 2) states that the President "shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges of the supreme Court". There does not appear to be any requirement that the appointee be a human being.
A content analysis of Canadian arbitration cases over the past 10 years, would be the most effective way to gather documented evidence on how social media related human resources issues are being ruled upon by arbitrators.
It is surely an art to keep your readers Intetested in an technical article till the end.
Could you recall the best article, why it was best for you. Originality, good English, and readability are essential but not enough to keep people interested in the article.
Please list the factors that you think make a good article excellent.
I am continuously amazed when seeing a high numbers of (let’s name them useless) calls for conferences (organised by universities), anywhere on the web (to a much lesser extent here), when 1) participants are requested to pay a fee; 2) what comes out of participation is far from clear.
Now, I tend to be tolerant to a) the pressures put by universities on academics to get external money; b) the easy way of getting such money by putting forward 2-3 ideas for a ‘conference’ call or for a ‘summer school’; c) the demand of the legal profession that their members get useless ‘credits’ by going to ppt’s presentations; d) there is some sponsorship (at least by big players) of employees participating to useless conferences; e) the increased demand for ‘educational’ or ‘leisure’ tourism; f)-z) whatever…Therefore I can understand why anyone crowds to get some easy money on this silly enterprise.
However, for me things works a bit differently. First, I am not interested at all in ‘summer schools’ (not even in those organised at Hague...especially because these are targeting a very different audience), irrespective of the ‘big names’ one propose (If I really want to have a conversation with a big name, there are others, less expensive and more interesting possibilities). No matter how hard I try (at least for now) I cannot develop more than 2-3 good ideas per year. Obviously, I can frame these ideas to fit the requests of 100+ conferences but conference participation is an expensive (money & time) endeavour, so I became picky. I tend to eliminate from start conferences that request a fee (with the exception of probably one, maximum two per year) and tend to choose conferences where is very clear what is ‘in’ for me and not for the organisers.
I am curious how other academics select their ‘preferred’ conferences
Dear colleagues,
I am reaching out to the scientific community, to safeguard the intellectual property(IP) rights of an unpublished novel proposal idea.
While published work can be claimed for plagiarism, there are no such rights available for an unpublished novel proposals, that you spend months preparing for and finally sharing it with a supervisor(SP)/host organization that promised to submit it on your behalf, but eventually pulled out of it on the very day/or close to submission day.
Needless to say that it is an abuse of the time and effort of the applicant(AP) and a sham on the name of science. While it is certainly my belief that nothing goes wasted in life and one eventually gets compensated in ways that He/She doesn't realize at that time, there has to be some organized way to safeguard the rights of aspiring scientists, that share their aspiring ideas in blind trust to the SP (in good standing mind you), only to be cut out of it at the very end.
So, is there any organization academic/industrial that is working to protect the rights of the AP?? so that the AP can claim his IP and prevent the SP or any other party for non-consensual usage of IP for funding or otherwise.
I look forward to your responses and personal experiences in this regard.
Best wishes