Science topics: Law
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Questions related to Law
What is the current consensus among historians and other scholars? Apart from his alleged relationship with Mrs. Crawford that compromised his political career, did Dilke have other clandestine romantic liaisons?
I would like to know what experts think about the current regulations of educational work and the influence that these laws have on the health of the education professional.
In my opinion, when judgments are made in court, a number of factors play an important role in their formation. On the one hand, there is, of course, the application of the law, the observance of established case law and, depending on the context, an interpretative framework. It is precisely in the latter case that the pre-understanding of a judge is likely to have a relevance that should not be underestimated. Is there any literature or empirical studies on this subject?
In the legal field of custody pending deportation (Abschiebungshaft) in the Federal Republic of Germany, errors happen more frequently in the lower instance, the district court. Above all, it is procedural errors that lead to decisions later being found to be unlawful, for example, a lawyer who can be seen from the files is not contacted or there is insufficient language mediation. In terms of reasons for this, the lack of time and the density of court proceedings are often put forward first, leading to a lower qualitative examination. In the same way, legal ignorance can sometimes be observed in the legal field of custody pending deportation.
I am interested in whether there are other areas of law in which similar errors can be identified at the lowest level? In other words, procedural errors that happen again and again.
Corporal punishment, violent communication, humiliation...by parents and teachers.
While the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) is still at its infancy in the EU and the US, it is already becoming apparent that there are different approaches among countries on how to regulate AI. Does this mean that an international agreement will become necessary later on? What are the pros and cons of such an international regulatory approach?
I am interested in the usefulness of zero knowledge proof in verifying an algorithm (for bias, privacy, data processing, and general deployment process). Have you come across examples of it in regulatory compliance?
Hello, good day.
Please I'm working on a project which needs a "review of relevant theories" of the study "medical negligence behavior"
I found 2 theories relating to this study (conflict theory and theory of negligence), but they are not enough.
Please can I get more theories concerning medical negligence?
I need details on the IDA-R scoring method.
Is there any constitutional or statutory provision ensring multiparty politics in your country? Or Is there any anti-floor-crossing law in your country? I need to run a comparative study on this.
Anti-floor-crossing laws restrict members of the parliament from voting against their party's stand.
The South Asian legal systems are still bearing colonial heritage of the British Indian empire inside its important laws. Basic laws in the field of evidence law, civil procedure, criminal procedure, penal law, contract law, personal law and so many other fields. Larger portion of these legislations are based on either the principles of Roman Law, Common law.
Most of these outdated and socially irrelevant laws are causing severe damage to the judicial systems and the societies. Complex laws are creating case-backlogs, laws with socially irrelevant remedy and lack of deterrance in punishments are creating social disorder.
Moreover, from a jurisprudential perspective, we can not expect a portion of victorian age legal system to be applied into some modern heterogenous societies having high opportunity of socio-economic prosperity.
Are there any law regulating cybersecurity in medical devices?
As much as I understand, the case will be decided by the jury, which consists of people who are not experts either in law or in medicine. Why is this good?
Would you be happy if you were tried by people who know neither the law nor the mater which the trial is about?
Why do law school exist, if a jury of non-experts can decide in the most difficult cases?
Most of the current laws within this sphere were designed before the rapid progress of digital agriculture and therefore they can be interpreted differently. Most of the farmers using benefits of digital agriculture are concerned about data use (or theft) since they are no ICT experts and the data can be used for various reasons. Is it really a data theft then, since some of that data could (and should?) be used by the local (of national) agriculture authorities to monitor the agricultural process or production of the farmer (in case of governmental incentives)? For what else can it be used in that case? What if the software is freeware as a part of the agricultural incentives for farmers? To what level the farmer should be informed about it since there is no possibility to guarantee what will happen with that data in practice?
How do you see the advancement of the law in this field? How do you assess the current situation? Let me know what do you think.
Hello, I am wondering whether there is any legal regulation about the duration of the non-compete agreement between influencers and advertisers or not. It is well-known that It is not uncommon for an influencer to work with other companies. Some companies may offer the same or similar products or services. It is crucial for the parties to discuss the exclusivity. If the company requires the influencer to be exclusive, they may require a non-compete agreement. Definitely, this noncompetition should continue during the main agreement. Nonetheless, is there any legal regulation which can indicate that the duration of the noncompetition might be extended after the expiration of the main agreement?
Thanks in advance.
In Brazil at a seminar sponsored by the special committee of the Chamber of Deputies, the consensus was that the hardening of punishments applied to juvenile offenders would not be the solution to reduce the practice of criminal acts of the same.
What do you think what is the difference between Mandatory Overtime and slavery? and where is the line? Should it be allowed on the legislative basis that in some scenario employers would have a right to have mandatory not paid overtime requests > that employee can not refuse?
As far as I know, Egypt is the last country which enacted the Data Protection Law on 13 July 2020. Accordingly, the total number of countries with data protection law is 143. Is there any update other than this?
Mercury is a chemical used in several areas … It has an impact on health and the environment.
protect environment from the problems of tobacco product that have proven the facts and studies that it cause degradation of ecosystems, which led to pollute many regions in the world by toxic waste and first that have occurred .
I would like to anticipate the idea why research activities in the academe is not usually adapted or been used by third parties in behalf of its purpose: I mean the purpose of their research. Consequently, college and post graduate schools require thesis products for graduation requirement intents, but, the idea is just for the compliance purpose of the course program; and what about being endorsed to important third parties such as government institutions as to be used as basis for policy making. I see the lapses in that point and that it is ironic that some educational institutions are better and very hard working dealing on their research activities and publications and yet their studies are minimally recognized by their government for policy making and protocols, in which, in this way, the idea or the effort of scholars doing such ingenuity will be usable as it get beneficiaries in hand. Studying is not that easy, why not support or maybe the university or educational institution must endorse their research products to nearby jurisdictional policy makers for the better and best of the community in nearby future. I am just wondering why that research products are treated that way not on the exact way that studies and experiment of these experts must be commended for being excellent in such field they had chosen as proven by the research studies they have done. Is it because it lacks support from their respective government? Is it because their government does not appreciate the efforts of their research scholars and enthusiasts? Or maybe, Do these research products are not totally important in the political maneuvers of their place?
As all of you may know, we can take the experience of Trumpism(November 2016-January 2021) in the USA to explore questions such as when a democratic contest can lead to partial and permanent authoritarianism. The failure of the USEXIT/Trumpism to persist by losing reelection means that we just witness temporary authoritarianism, but it could have been worse as one more step was needed to move towards permanent authoritarianism in the USA and the lost of the most relevant normal democratic system in the world. Which raises the question, When can permanent authoritarianism take hold under majority rule liberal democracies?. Any ideas about what the missing step was to transition from temporary to permanent authoritarianism in the USA in 2020. Feel free to share your ideas.
In academic and professional level.
The Astana and Alma-Ata declarations shaped the characteristics of modern primary health care. How the public health system has improved and how it has not? In view of the recent COVID-19 pandemic.
Usually, research in legal disciplines is theoretical. A legal scientist has to read tons of papers (primary sources, doctrine etc.) and apply logical methods.
However, do you think is there a field or questions where a legal scientist can apply empirical approach? - experiment, surveys etc?
I am interested in legal science in a strict sense, not areas connected to the law, but falls into criminology, sociology etc.
Neonicotinoid seed dressings have caused concern world-wide is reported in the 2017 published articel here in
I am interested to know if seed dressings with neonicotinoid is really forbidden.
A) in which crops and
B) in which countries especially in USA.
Who has a survey what is going on?
Thanks.
Certainly, the commercial environment has been affected due to Covid 19, in which those who think that the effects are positive have contributed to the development of the commercial environment, and on the other hand, there are those who believe that trade has been negatively affected.
After considerable research, I have found several use cases which can be used to exemplify some implementations of AI on law firms. However, there is clearly a disadvantage for this segment when compared to medium or large law firms.
Now for the question, are there key components that we can identify in law firms that have succesfully adopted AI? If so, can these be directly implemented on small firms or are we to find a specific set of methodologies for this group?
Sometimes, it is not required chemical or nuclear weapons for mass destruction, and unsafe storage of chemicals such as Ammonium nitrate is good enough for the mass destruction. Massive damages at the Ports of Texas in 1947 and Beirut in 2020 are bitter examples of unsafe handling of chemicals such as ammonium nitrate.
Therefore, unsafe storage and handling of such chemicals within the boundaries of international ports should be regulated.
Since this is an international concern, I would like to discuss this matter with relevant experts.
Media discourses around the coronavirus pandemic tend towards metaphorical expressions such as the war against an invisible enemy, of the ecosystem balance so that the Earth returns to its original status. For this reason, expressions of legitimization of police and military violence have been seen to achieve social isolation. There are dangers in these metaphors since they do not focus on health education, but exacerbate autocracy and state violence.
I am looking for competitions/benchmarks in the field of e-discovery. My objective is to understand the state of the art in this field.
I found TREC (https://trec.nist.gov/) but their last legal track dates back to 2011.
Any idea? Thanks
If a company organize a prize operation, issuing utility tokens (considered as vouchers) which can be spent in some differents sales points/stores/seats of the company to have discounts on the purchase of goods and services, which is the legal status of theese tokens in EU?
It's possible to know if is there a regulation about this situation?
Thank you
This is an example of the service which I'm talking about: https://tokend.io/loyalty/
Do you think Data Protection Officer should be a lawyer or an infosec expert? Since it is very hard to get 2 in 1 in one person, do you thing that DPO should be a team of at least two people?
GDPR says:
The data protection officer shall be designated on the basis of professional qualities and, in particular, expert knowledge of data protection law and practices and the ability to fulfil the tasks referred to in Article 39.
Article 39
Tasks of the data protection officer
1. The data protection officer shall have at least the following tasks:
(a) to inform and advise the controller or the processor and the employees who carry out processing of their obligations pursuant to this Regulation and to other Union or Member State data protection provisions;
(b) to monitor compliance with this Regulation, with other Union or Member State data protection provisions and with the policies of the controller or processor in relation to the protection of personal data, including the assignment of responsibilities, awareness-raising and training of staff involved in processing operations, and the related audits;
(c) to provide advice where requested as regards the data protection impact assessment and monitor its performance pursuant to Article 35;
(d) to cooperate with the supervisory authority;
(e) to act as the contact point for the supervisory authority on issues relating to processing, including the prior consultation referred to in Article 36, and to consult, where appropriate, with regard to any other matter.
2. The data protection officer shall in the performance of his or her tasks have due regard to the risk associated with processing operations, taking into account the nature, scope, context and purposes of processing.
On 1 July 2012, the preliminary reference procedure was introduced at the Supreme Court of the Netherlands. When lower civil courts face controversial points of law, they may refer a question of interpretation to the Supreme Court and request a preliminary ruling. This way, the Supreme Court should be able to provide legal practice with a faster and more specific response to pressing legal questions than through the ‘ordinary’ procedure.
This preliminary reference procedure is not a modern invention. It was already known in Rome, existed in a specific form in France (référé législatif, where a question of interpretation was referred to the legislator), was used at the Italian Corte Costitutionale and has been a powerful tool for the development of EU law by the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg (see the attached blog and article). Furthermore, Protocol 16 to the ECHR will allow highest courts of states that have ratified this Protocol to refer a question of principle to the European Court of Human Rights for an advisory opinion.
I wanted to use ResearchGate for a small comparative exercise. Perhaps you would like to answer the following questions. May lower courts in your country refer a question of interpretation to the highest court(s) in your country? Did such an instrument once exist, or is the introduction of such an instrument currently under consideration in your country?
I am also interested in literature on this subject and in other relevant international examples.
Your help is greatly appreciated,
Ruben
Let me say a bit more. A starting perspective MUST be core-observation _AND core-principle founded, and grounded on that which is minimally clearly related to directly observable overt phenomena. These are absolute requirements for empiricism, for science. And remember: _your Subject, NOT YOU, should in-true-effect define every word and concept and the structure and nature of every set of concepts (much of all this following new observation and NEW DISCOVERIES). A strict, abiding, perspective of this quality is REQUIRED FOR ANY AND ALL SCIENCES.
If you do not start like this and stay like this, your sets-of-hypotheses/theory AND your approach will be contaminated (specifically: false w/r to reality) in some ways, and more and more, and lead you away from finding things as the really are.
[ P.S. NO need to try to "define" terms (providing generalities) or to define "realities" (boundaries). THIS IS NOT THE "JOB" OF A SCIENTIST _AND_ IS ACTUALLY NOT POSSIBLE to any notable extent through thinking alone. And yet, with this (doing as I indicated), there can be some real and good science related to anything ... ]
There is no reasonable and sound counterargument or major perspective. I actually view this Discussion (so far, as I have presented it) as quite beyond discussion. I see it as a foundational Law of Science. (Yet, there are those who seek science, or seek to progress their 'science', who violate this LAW every day.)
As well known, the complete similarity affinity laws are derived from the dimensional analysis techniqe of seven parameters that describe the pump performance; density, viscosity, D, speed, Q, h, and P . The analysis is based on a fixed length scale ratio that the conditions of the machines are geometrically similar. The complete affinity laws were developed which provide the three famous basic nondimentional coefficients, CQ, Ch, and CP. Here, one can change speed, size, or both, and predict the new performance parameters while keeping the pump efficiency mostly fixed according to the system behavior. However, to reduce costs pump casings are designed to accommodate a number of different impellers while keeping the same shaft. This leads to incomplete similarity as we don’t have a fixed length scale ratio for all pump components. Hence, the nondimentional coefficients are somehow expected to be changed.
Do you consider mediation or other ADR method (alternative dispute resolution) as an efficient and suitable method for settling international trade disputes with pharmaceutical products? Why? Pro & cons arguments?
If we want to keep using technologies we must abandoning Artificial intelligence. unless we found a way to control it which is unlikely to happen. Some rules must be adopted to band or control AI the issue here is do we have the right to make rules to band or control the AI in the name of law?
I'm working on new course book on international law and looking for reference on the subject matter mentioned above. Any view, info, paper welcome and will be referred to in the course book
Hi,
I'm looking for physical properties of Gazoline or Gazoline test fluid (such as Exxsol D40/D60) at various temperature and pressure on order to add into an hydraulic model. Particularly, I need data for bulk modulus, viscosity and density.
Thanks
I'm participating in a MOOT COURT competition and I need some help looking for jurisprudence to support the idea that the fact thatthe product was not discharged from the vessel is the buyer's responsability since the contract was signed unde Incoterms 2010 CFR. The Convention is applicable.
The world witnessed a marginalisation of normative perspectives in disciplines and an emphasis of positive perspective as the norm upon which disciplines should be developed. This caused much destruction in material and non-material sense. What does the future hide from us?
Without wishing death or misadventure upon any sitting U.S. Supreme Court judge, suppose that President Trump at 11 a.m. tomorrow were to have occasion to make another appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court. Could the President - "by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate", to be sure - appoint an artificial intelligence system to that office?
The "Appointments Clause" in the Constitution (Article II, Section 2, clause 2) states that the President "shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges of the supreme Court". There does not appear to be any requirement that the appointee be a human being.
Without wishing death or misadventure upon any sitting U.S. Supreme Court judge, suppose that President Trump at 11 a.m. tomorrow were to have occasion to make another appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court. Could the President - "by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate", to be sure - appoint an artificial intelligence system to that office?
The "Appointments Clause" in the Constitution (Article II, Section 2, clause 2) states that the President "shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges of the supreme Court". There does not appear to be any requirement that the appointee be a human being.
Which is the better for the researcher, studying various topics and making a research for each one, or studying one particular topic and making a series of researches related to it?
Please reply, and share us your opinions about the discussion
Please, feel free to give more examples and to share your experiencies and/or opinions.
In my country, the benefit from a specific paper is proportional according to the sequence of the researcher’s name in the paper, where (100%, 80% and 70%) for the first, the second and the third researcher respectively, and if there are additional researchers, then they will not get any benefit from the research.
Please reply, share us your opinions about the discussion
Thanks
There are wide differences in the template from one journal to another, why this differences, do you agree that the template of the journals should be unified or not? Why
Please share us your opinions
Thanks
A content analysis of Canadian arbitration cases over the past 10 years, would be the most effective way to gather documented evidence on how social media related human resources issues are being ruled upon by arbitrators.
Sometimes during preparing for a specific research, the results which obtained may be unsatisfactory or negative, what will you do in such case?
Please, share us your sincerely opinions
It is surely an art to keep your readers Intetested in an technical article till the end.
Could you recall the best article, why it was best for you. Originality, good English, and readability are essential but not enough to keep people interested in the article.
Please list the factors that you think make a good article excellent.
I am continuously amazed when seeing a high numbers of (let’s name them useless) calls for conferences (organised by universities), anywhere on the web (to a much lesser extent here), when 1) participants are requested to pay a fee; 2) what comes out of participation is far from clear.
Now, I tend to be tolerant to a) the pressures put by universities on academics to get external money; b) the easy way of getting such money by putting forward 2-3 ideas for a ‘conference’ call or for a ‘summer school’; c) the demand of the legal profession that their members get useless ‘credits’ by going to ppt’s presentations; d) there is some sponsorship (at least by big players) of employees participating to useless conferences; e) the increased demand for ‘educational’ or ‘leisure’ tourism; f)-z) whatever…Therefore I can understand why anyone crowds to get some easy money on this silly enterprise.
However, for me things works a bit differently. First, I am not interested at all in ‘summer schools’ (not even in those organised at Hague...especially because these are targeting a very different audience), irrespective of the ‘big names’ one propose (If I really want to have a conversation with a big name, there are others, less expensive and more interesting possibilities). No matter how hard I try (at least for now) I cannot develop more than 2-3 good ideas per year. Obviously, I can frame these ideas to fit the requests of 100+ conferences but conference participation is an expensive (money & time) endeavour, so I became picky. I tend to eliminate from start conferences that request a fee (with the exception of probably one, maximum two per year) and tend to choose conferences where is very clear what is ‘in’ for me and not for the organisers.
I am curious how other academics select their ‘preferred’ conferences
Dear colleagues,
I am reaching out to the scientific community, to safeguard the intellectual property(IP) rights of an unpublished novel proposal idea.
While published work can be claimed for plagiarism, there are no such rights available for an unpublished novel proposals, that you spend months preparing for and finally sharing it with a supervisor(SP)/host organization that promised to submit it on your behalf, but eventually pulled out of it on the very day/or close to submission day.
Needless to say that it is an abuse of the time and effort of the applicant(AP) and a sham on the name of science. While it is certainly my belief that nothing goes wasted in life and one eventually gets compensated in ways that He/She doesn't realize at that time, there has to be some organized way to safeguard the rights of aspiring scientists, that share their aspiring ideas in blind trust to the SP (in good standing mind you), only to be cut out of it at the very end.
So, is there any organization academic/industrial that is working to protect the rights of the AP?? so that the AP can claim his IP and prevent the SP or any other party for non-consensual usage of IP for funding or otherwise.
I look forward to your responses and personal experiences in this regard.
Best wishes
le to share my paper on RG ,it closed access on the journal?
If I were to discuss or conduct a series of lectures on human rights issues relating to Islam, Muslims or Muslim dominated, Asian countries like Malaysia, what are the issues that you would probably want me to talk about?
We are looking for specialists for research cooperation with the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Czech Republic.
The project aims to create and support a long-term sustainable system for the development of public administration employees’ competencies in the field of their protection against workplace bullying/mobbing and to implement it into practice.
The project will be realised in cooperation with the State Labour Inspection Office of the Czech Republic and the Office of the Ombudsman of the Czech Republic.
The main purpose of the research is to take over the practice of prevention and resolving of workplace bullying/mobbing cases in the public organization context.
There are many predatory journals online available and also growing day by day. How to detect that the journal is predatory, As I found there is site where there is list of predatory journals but how we will come to know these sites information is correct or not?
Any other way to find out?
As there is continuous threat that somebody may waste their data in publishing in these journals.
Generally, we fit Curie-Weiss law for thermal inverse magnetic susceptibility (calculated from M(T) curve). If the straight line intersects negative T-axis, we say that there is long-range antiferromagnetic ordering, but I want to know that how we can identify the different types of antiferromagnetism (A, C or G)?
Thanking you,
Dinesh
The question based on the scaling process of MOSFETs
Please explain the rationale for your view.
Some aspects of morality are indeed legislated. So how do you determine which aspects are legislatable and which are not?
Hi, I am currently brainstorming ideas for my dissertation. I am thinking of focusing on
1.Digital identity under international law
2.financial, social and political inclusion for refugees - a holistic approach.
3.privacy and data protection laws
4.environmental aspect of using blockhain
I could use some pointers or any help what else should I focus on anything else I should mention?
Can we consider internet usage also having paradoxical effect of the law of demand and supply.
The first known empire may have been established by the oldest real city of Uruk, although it may have been a trading empire that spread cultural influence. From Uruk we have gained so much-professionalism, kingship (?), marraige and law. The first clear political empire was probably Akkad (although how much of their triumphs were made up is still being scrutinised). The entwinement of religion and empire ensured the global growth of Abrahamic religions as a consequence of centralising processes, authoritarianism (after initial periods of anarchic behaviour or/and dominant communal ethos) and concentration on the written word: first Christianity through Rome, and then the military/religious empire of Islam. Write on!!!
Research shows that medic legal apprehension is a big factor contributing towards the continued practice of routine preoperative testing. [doi:10.4103/ija.IJA_92_17] Whereas it is very much evident that routine preoperative laboratory testing is unnecessary and is not recommended.
hi.Would you please help me?
I'm studying an article on composite shear walls .The article is done with Diana. The bond-slip law used in the numerical simulation is shown in attach file. With considering the set of equations defining the bond stress for different segments of the curve ، is there in built contact element to model bond-slip behavior between concrete and steel or how can i do it in ABAQUS?
Thorndike was one of the early psychologists who tried to interpret learning by connecting links or linking stimuli and responses. He saw that the most distinctive forms of science in man and animal alike is learning by trial and error. This type of learning is evident when the learner encounters a problematic situation that must be solved and overcome To a goal.
I am working on Massive MIMO and I wrote algorithm to reduce the effect of pilot contamination, I used the matlab code of DR. Emil (which used in “Massive MIMO with Non-Ideal Arbitrary Arrays: Hardware Scaling Laws and Circuit Aware Desigrn”. Actually I have two questions. (for co-located antenna)
1- According to the matlab code that used in the above paper, the maximum rate per user (Rate per User VS number of BS antennas) is around 2.5 bps/H (for the conventional Massive MIMO, reuse factor=1) whereas it reaches to 4.5 in some papers (I used the same parameters, log normal shadowing fading=8dB, number of cell=7, number of users per cell=8). But when I sit log normal shadowing fading=0, the maximum throughput=4.5.(Which one is the correct)
2-How can I plot the relation between 1- CDF and minimum uplink SiNR. 2- CDF and mean achievable rate.
I am carrying on longitudinal permeabiliy estimation by CFD method. In my opinion, the permeability should be a inherent property of the material. However, the value calculated by software changes with the variation of the length in longitudinal direction, under the same presssure difference between the inlet and outlet. This means I used Darcy's law, and ∆ p is a constant while L is changed. Is this the problem of the CFD method or since the ∆ p/ ∆ L is not a constant? Thanks!
I heard that is recorded by a camera..In Hungary it is a personality law issue..
In science and in law English is becoming evermore the dominant language in the world. This is of course nothing to do with modern Britain but reflects England's past colonial influence (see attached article)
Is it not a little ironic that English as a language goes from strength to strength while England as a nation withdraws ever more as a nation of influence?
Quantum theory demonstrates that observation affects reality. In this case, our perception of the universe is far from "real". the universe becomes another universe due to our observation ... is what observation by thought can influence energy and therefore space-time itself .... How to ensure that the laws of physics are really laws (repetition so law)? and if ever can we be creatures that create our universe by integrated cognitive functions? to evolve according to a strategy itself inscribed in the real universe.
How do I analyse roughness height of atmospheric boundary layer (Law of the wall)?
Hello,
I am working with a colleague on a paper exploring the representation of the mother in law in English literature. Does anyone know of any research/published work(s) on the same or close topic?
