Latvia - Science topic

This research examines the influence of energy efficiency on the residential real estate market in Latvia, highlighting its environmental and socioeconomic aspects. The impact of laws, regulations, and market dynamics on energy efficiency enhancements is also highlighted, outlining current trends, regulatory structures, and economic elements that f...

This research examines the impact of oil prices on investment dynamics in Eastern European countries using quarterly data from 2010 to 2023. The main objective is to assess the short-run and long-run effects of oil price fluctuations on investment levels, considering the role of exchange rates and interest rates as additional macroeconomic determin...

In the rapidly changing world, educational establishments are facing a new reality and have to consider measures so that AI-powered tools neither harm the education process nor impede learning outcomes. Thus, the goal of the present study was to investigate student experiences in using AI when acquiring academic writing skills in English. The resea...

Spatial imbalances in crop type data pose significant challenges for accurate classification in remote sensing applications. Algorithms aiming at transferring knowledge from data-rich to data-scarce tasks have thus surged in popularity. However, despite their effectiveness in previous evaluations, their performance in challenging real-world applica...

We describe the Archive of Interwar Europe Election Data and Assemblies (AIEEDA), a new multi-level dataset of parliamentary elections in interwar Europe (1919-1939). The data contains electoral results for all parties that ran in 137 national parliamentary elections in 25 interwar European democracies. It further offers detailed time-invariant ide...

Latvia’s Security Barometer: 1/2025 (mid-January to mid-April 2025) During the first quarter of 2025 the global security and economic systems have been thrown into turmoil by the vigorous actions of President Trump and his administration. At this stage it is difficult to tell what effect this will have on Latvian, regional and global security, eve...

Background Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to public health, with a well-established link between antibacterial consumption and bacterial resistance. Stewardship needs to focus on reducing overall consumption and optimising the quality of prescribing. The European Union’s ‘One Health’ approach aims for at least 65% of antibacterial consu...

Climate and environmental change is a growing theme in the post-Covid-19 era of continued tourism growth. Tourism is a serious polluter of the environment and a rapid response to climate change is needed. Latvia, like the EU, is looking for ways to balance the economic, social and environmental impacts of the SDGs of the 2030 Agenda, which is not p...

The article is devoted to the issue of reintegration of new regions of the Russian Federation into the cultural and educational space of Russia, which is relevant in modern socio-political realities. In the article, the author considers the definition of the main research term «reintegration». The analysis of the concept allows us to define it in t...

Background : Low back pain (LBP) and neck pain (NP) are major public health concerns and leading causes of disability worldwide. While workplace psychosocial factors have been identified as risk factors, the role of workplace conflicts and rivalry remains underexplored. This study examines the association between hierarchical workplace conflicts, r...

Background Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) represent an innovative therapeutic approach with the potential to impact the treatment of rare diseases significantly. Although authorised centrally in the European Union, their market launch differs across Member States (MS). This study aimed to describe the ATMP market availability in MS and...

Enhancing energy efficiency in residential buildings is a crucial step toward mitigating climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Retrofitting existing buildings, which account for a significant portion of energy consumption, is critical particularly in regions with outdated and inefficient building stocks. This study presents an Artif...

Ports and waterways are integral components of the maritime transport system, facilitating global trade and logistics. Governments, ports, and service providers levy charges on vessels for the use of fairways, port access, and associated services. This study analyzes the port and fairway fee strategies of seven major Baltic Sea ports across four co...

Відзначено, що однією із важливих проблем сучасної теорії та практики кримінального провадження є проблема дотримання вимог судових рішень – вмотивованості, обґрунтованості та законності, – які означають головну якісну характеристику судового рішення і включають його окремі складові. На підставі проведеного дослідження зроблено висновок, що мотивац...

Важливість об’єктів відновлюваної енергетики для України на сьогодні є беззаперечною. Вона дає змогу диверсифікувати ризики від ракетних ударів російських агресорів на нашу енергетичну інфраструктуру, допоможе вирішити проблеми енергозабезпечення держави у повоєнний період. Під енергетичними ландшафтами варто розуміти геопростір, який можна виокр...

Сучасний стан землекористування Куликівської територіальної громади наближається до критичного. Основні проблеми пов’язані з виснажливим використанням сільськогосподарських земель, забрудненням від промислових і аграрних підприємств, відсутністю меліоративних робіт, деградацією ґрунтів і розвитком ерозійних процесів. У структурі земельного фонду гр...

This article examines the development of the understanding of the concept of the family in Latvia during the last few years, and reflects the contribution made by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia to the development of this concept. The article analyses the judgment of the Constitutional Court of 12 November 2020 (case no. 2019–33-...

The authors offer a deep insight into the recent development of same-sex partnership regulation in Latvia. The judgments of the Constitutional Court of 12 November 2020 and 8 April 2021 required the guarantee of legal, social and economic protection for same-sex families and respect for their human dignity. In response to these judgments, the Saeim...

Teaching material for the course "Contemporary Afghanistan: Politics, Religion, and International Relations," Faculty of Political Science and Law, Free University (Riga, Latvia).

The Zechstein Basin is a marine, partly evaporitic intracratonic basin formed when the Boreal Ocean broke in from the north, creating an almost enclosed sea. The Zechstein transgression, along with earlier marine ingressions during Rotliegend deposition, was driven by significant thermal subsidence and tectonic activity associated with the Greenlan...

Мониторинг рынка психоактивной продукции. Анализ тенденций. Выпуск 63 Март 2025 (https://aipsin.com/journal/users/85/) Электронное издание WEB Аипсин (https://aipsin.com), пришедшее на смену изданию “Последние тенденции в сфере идентификации психоактивных веществ». Измененное по дизайну, с расширенными функциями и рассматриваемыми вопросами. Период...

One of the foremost challenges in today’s global economy is ensuring energy security for individual countries and regions. In the contemporary context, this security plays a pivotal role in ensuring sovereignty, fostering innovation, and bolstering competitiveness, particularly in knowledge-based economies. The pursuit of energy independence while...

Biosphere reserves serve as critical areas for balancing conservation with sustainable development. This study investigates land-use and land-cover changes in the North Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve (Latvia) from 1990 to 2018, employing scenario-based modeling to project future trends. Historical analyses reveal overall stability but highlight cyclical...

Having studied various vulnerable groups and communities in the Baltics and beyond for decades, the report's authors have come to understand that academia is being targeted and misused by foreign autocratic regimes (i.e. Russia, China, etc.) for various malicious purposes: from espionage to influence operations. The study report aims to present the...

The aim of this study is to delineate the necessary steps for designing, planning, executing, and evaluating the organization of online brokerage events aimed at fostering cooperation and creating new opportunities for short food supply chains (SFSCs). In this study, we focus on SFSC among agri-food value chain actors in three Central and Eastern E...

Central banks conduct monetary policy to achieve price stability, but decisions also have effects on labor-market outcomes. In this paper, we identify exogenous monetary shocks with the 'interest rate surprise' approach based on high-frequency changes in forward-looking interest rates and use daily data on online job vacancy postings to investigate...

This paper analyzes the specificity of the Old Believer (Eastern [Russian] Orthodox) rite of baptism – the sacrament of initiation into the Holy Church of Jesus Christ – rooted in the tradition of early Christianity. It is based on a literature review and narratives recorded in the eastern region of Latvia (Latgale) from the 1970s to 2021 during or...

Facing a volatile external environment, the Latvian government reintroduced conscription in 2023. Shortly thereafter, some within Latvian political and military elites recommended extending conscription to include women from 2028. Andris Banka and Kaspars Zalāns assess Latvia’s societal willingness and ability to follow in the footsteps of its Nord...

Teaching material for students of the course "Contemporary Afghanistan: Politics, Religion, and International Relations", Faculty of Political Science and Law, the Free University (Riga, Latvia).

The significance of this study lies in assessing the resilience of the air transport sector to economic crises, which is crucial in today’s context where sustainable environmental development has become a new reality, and the development of aviation services is insufficient for achieving stable and resilient economic growth in the sector. The air t...

Background Malignant meningioma is a rare form of primary central nervous system cancer originating from the meninges membrane layers. Current data remain unmapped to cover trends for particular groups globally. Methods This study examined the missing gap for its global burden, country‐specific incidence, and risk factor trends, stratified by sex...

The educational supervision system in Türkiye has been a topic of debate for many years. Nevertheless, it remains a crucial component of the educational oversight process and warrants exam�ination from various perspectives. For instance, analyzing the supervision systems of other countries can provide solutions to existing issues and help establish...

The geographical position of Latvia is favorable for obtaining high-quality honey. The beekeeping industry is one of the modern agricultural production sectors in Latvia. Honey from various flowers can be obtained in Latvia. The aim of the study is to assess the potential for honey production in Latvia. Research methods: 1) analysis of honey produc...

The global population in recent times has rapidly increased despite several untoward situations and factors. However, population growth—as excessive and unsustainable—is only affecting specific areas. Countries like Japan, Latvia, Bulgaria, Italy, and many others face a reverse situation. Following this, researchers have hypothesized that populatio...

Field trials were conducted at the Study and Research Farm “Peterlauki” of the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies from 2020 to 2023. Soil characteristics: sod - stagnogley soil Luvisols (according to FAO classification); granulometric composition – heavy dusty sand clay. Winter wheat sowings were established using different variant...

Retention forestry is the dominant practice in Northern Europe, with large-scale clear-cuts following natural disturbances becoming more frequent as the climate changes. Despite its widespread use, clear-cutting is criticized for its potential adverse effects on species diversity and ecosystem recovery, particularly in understory vegetation. This s...

In this article, I argue that the Soviet Union’s annexation of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania was consistent with the rules of international law governing territorial acquisition that were operative in 1940. To prove this position, I will first demonstrate that territorial acquisitions resulting from the threat or use of force were permissible unde...

Drainage of organic soils is associated with increasing soil carbon (C) efflux, which is typically linked to losses in soil C stock. In previous studies, drained organic forest soils have been reported as both C sinks and sources depending on, e.g., soil nutrient and moisture regime. However, most of the earlier research was done in boreal region,...

The objective of this paper is to analyse the ways that innovation hubs support the implementation of Industry 4.0 in the textile industry of Latvia and establish a relationship between digitalisation, business model innovation and sustainability for the growth of the sector. Thus, it is possible to state that further research allows us to determin...

Forests in Europe have acted as an important carbon sink since the mid-20th century. However, in recent years, signs of sink saturation have emerged due to a decline in carbon uptake. As a result, land managers have to explore strategies to enhance the long-term climate mitigation potential. We aimed to assess the potential contribution of differen...

Ushbu taqdimot orqali Latvia Iqtisodiyotidagi o`sirshga tasir etuvchi omillarni o`rgandik va bu sohada qanday tadqiqotlar mavjudligi tekshirdik.

Latvia's National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) sets the package of reforms and investment measures designed by the country in the context of the European Union (EU) response to the crisis triggered by the coronavirus pandemic.

Introduction Alcohol consumption poses a significant health risk, contributing to 10% of deaths in the WHO European Region. To combat this, the WHO recommends the implementation of its ‘best buy’ policies—three cost-effective alcohol policies that include higher taxes, restricted availability and marketing bans. While evidence links alcohol marketi...

Macroinvertebrates of the Venta River have been studied since the beginning of the 20th century. However, complex studies along the Venta River from the Latvian–Lithuanian border to its mouth into the Baltic Sea have been irregular and fragmentary. The aim of this study was to assess the ecological status of the Venta River and to analyze the abund...

This study investigates the effect of extended rye scald fermentation times (12–48 h) on its biochemical properties and rye bread’s nutritional and sensory qualities. Traditional rye bread production in Latvia involves prolonged fermentation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB), a process that influences the bread’s acidity, sugar content, and concentra...

Fungal communities can be used as indicators of various environmental processes in forest ecosystems. The diversity of these communities is linked to aboveground plants and soil properties. We assessed fungal diversity at four Norway spruce sampling sites that were growing on fertile mineral soils (Oxalidosa) in northwestern Latvia. Three sites wer...

This article examines the implementation and challenges of the 1778 Master Plan for Rēzekne, a town in modern-day Latvia, over the period from 1778 to 1836. Developed as part of the Russian Empire’s broader urban planning efforts under Catherine the Great, the plan aimed to impose Enlightenment ideals of order and rationality. However, its executio...

The Nordic and Baltic Sea region is topographically varied, making gravity potential field modelling in the region a challenge. With new gravity data in and around the Baltic Sea, this study investigates improvements in the accuracy of quasigeoid determination in the region. The quasigeoid determination method is the remove–compute–restore using a...

Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), including bacteremic pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has significantly reduced the incidence of IPD caused by vaccine-covered serotypes. However, serotype replacement and antimicrobial resist...

Latvian proper name etymologies presented in earlier research by Kārlis Dziļļeja, Gina Viegliņa-Valliete, and Ilga Jansone are scrutinized here to determine whether they are Krevinian. Historical phonology verifies whether the compared Latvian and Finnic forms are phonologically close enough. The 56 supposed Krevinian names are also compared to oth...

Background: Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA), also known as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV (HSAN IV), is an exceedingly rare genetic disorder characterized by the inability to perceive pain, inability to sweat, and various neurological and orthopaedic complications. Case Presentation: This is a case repor...

In the 21st century, Latvian ornament has gained widespread recognition as a visual embodiment of Latvian artistic and cultural expressions, constituting a fundamental component of the national identity. Primarily assembled as an imitation or reproduction of 19th century textile ornament, this visual tradition originates from the narrative cultivat...

The research focuses on the possibilities of the oral history approach to the study of the industrial history of Latvia, using the materials obtained during the research of the biography and the creative activity of the artist Aija Mūrniece (b. 1937). Aija Mūrniece is one of the former artists of the Riga Porcelain Factory, who worked there all her...

The diversity of imported goods is characteristic of the Prussian burial sites from the H (late pagan) period. The Sambian Peninsula, based on the abundance of artifacts of Old Rus‘ type, can be compared in the Baltic Sea region with the territory of Eastern Latvia. These artifacts are most commonly found in the rich cremation graves of Sambian Pru...

Cylindrical hollow stones are stones with artificially carved grooves and cylindrical upper part of the stone. On the top of the stones a cylindrical hollow has been cut. Stone height 0.45–1.0 m, diameter 0.74–1.5 m, hollow diameter 0.20–0.61 m, depth 0.05–0.22 m. In Latvia there are currently 11 such stones reported. According to archaeological fi...

Introduction Sickness presenteeism—working despite being ill—is influenced by work demands, personal circumstances, and socio-demographic factors. This study investigates the prevalence of sickness presenteeism and its self-reported reasons across socio-demographic groups in Latvia. Methods Data were pooled from four consecutive cross-sectional su...

Third of the films made in recent years in Latvia have been adaptations of stories made by Latvian authors about a historical event, person, time period, or they are set in the past. A historical event at the heart of any work is a kind of adaptation, interpretation, or opinion in the hopes of getting closer to the objective truth. An adaptation ca...

The article examines changes in the image of Stāmeriena castle that are based on periodical materials published from the beginning of the 19th century until present day. They are available in the periodical storage of the National Digital Library of Latvia. The authors used content analysis in the data processing. Keywords used in the selection of...

The principles of the Circular Economy dictate the sustainable, rational, and efficient management of wastes and by-products because their annual volume remarkably increases and negatively affects the environment. Here, a lignin-containing adhesion enhancer, a water-soluble polyelectrolyte complex (LPEC) composed of soda hardwood lignin (HASL) and...

In 19th century Latvia, as elsewhere in Europe, peasants’ dress featured ornamental motifs. In the initial decades of the 20th century, some specific visual symbols were extracted from these ornaments and designated as latvju raksti (Latvian ornaments). This subset gained widespread adoption in later periods of 20th and 21st century Latvia, establi...

Kopsavilkums. Lazdu ģints Corylus L. savvaļas taksonu un dekoratīvo kultivāru zinātnisko kolekciju inventarizāciju veica no 2016. līdz 2024. gadam. Taksonomiskās inventarizācijas un verifikācijas zinātniskajam pamatam sagatavoja 14 detalizētus savvaļas taksonu un to hibrīdu morfoloģiskos aprakstus, kā arī deviņu kultivāru aprakstus. Pieciem savvaļa...

Climate change significantly affects aquatic biodiversity, particularly through the expansion of invasive species, which pose critical threats to native ecosystems and economic sectors such as aquaculture. This study synthesizes research findings on the impact of climate change-driven species distribution, focusing on three alien thermophilic fish...

Riga, the capital of Soviet Latvia, was the first city in the USSR where television was created outside the Slavic linguistic space. This presented Soviet television with a brand new challenge of tackling bilingualism in the only available television programme, bringing with it viewer frustration as reflected in letters addressed to the studio. To...

Thyroid hormones are among the most prescribed medicines. In many countries, there are shortages combined with evidence of overuse and irrational prescribing. An analysis was conducted for ATC class H with a focus on thyroid hormones for OECD countries. This study aims to evaluate prescribing behaviours, forecast long-term developments and promote...

Purpose The study aims at identifying the factors influencing technology innovation hubs to increase the rate of circular economy (CE) adoption in Baltic states like Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. This research provides insights related to technical innovation hubs and its relation existing with CE adoption. Design/methodology/approach Highlightin...

The Poster is about the validation of SECTRS-14 (Social and Emotional Competence Teacher Rating Scale). The Questionnaire has been validated in the context of a European Project aimed at promoting students' and teachers' school mental health (https://www.promehs.org/).

This dissertation explores the reception of Russian strategic narratives among Russian-speaking youth in Latvia. Bringing together media and communication studies, international relations and Baltic studies, it approaches narrative persuasion and its reception from a cultural perspective. The primary data for this study consist of 12 focus groups...

In the present research, the authors assessed teaching quality in the context of blended learning in primary STEM; the educational reforms in the authors’ country require a digital transformation of education and a gradual shift to blended learning; therefore, appropriate teaching should follow in STEM classrooms. This research investigates the fol...

This paper highlights the often-overlooked roles of Denmark and Sweden in bolstering the security of the Baltic States, particularly Latvia. Both countries have made significant contributions to establishing the armed forces of the Baltic States following their independence from the Soviet Union. Among various recent defence initiatives, Denmark wa...

Join us for the Exploring Archives Workshop, on February 26, 2025, at 16:00 (Helsinki time), an online event offering an introduction to archival systems and collections in Russia, Lithuania and Latvia. The session will explore what archives are, offer an overview of their collections, including types of available materials, and discuss the role of...

The eco-friendly lifestyle has gained traction at individual and industrial levels, especially following Europe’s “Green Deal”. While the woodworking industry in Latvia has made strides toward waste-free production, wood processing still produces by-products that require effective utilization. Instead of burning these residues for energy, a sustain...

Background and Objectives: Data on disease control, treatment, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with psoriasis from Baltic countries are lacking. In this study, we aimed to assess the disease control, treatment, and QoL of patients with psoriasis in countries from Central and Eastern Europe, and we report data for the Baltic countries. Materia...

Background As health expenditure continues to rise due to income growth, technological advancements, and an aging population, it has become increasingly important to accurately measure and improve the efficiency of health systems. This is because financial resources are limited, and the allocation of resources can significantly influence the qualit...

Cybersecurity is a growing multidisciplinary job cluster in the labour market that nowadays goes beyond information technology specialists. This research paper explores the current situation and emerging gaps in cybersecurity education and employment in Latvia, specifically looking at future skills and strategies advancing human performance in the...

Background Even though the link between the psychosocial work environment and work-life balance (WLB) has been thoroughly researched, there is limited evidence evaluating the impact of workplace violence, sexual harassment, conflicts, and rivalry on WLB. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,471 respondents in Latvia from December...

Reptile fauna should be considered a conservation objective, especially in respect of the impacts of climate change on their distribution and range’s dynamics. Investigating the environmental drivers of reptile species richness and identifying their suitable habitats is a fundamental prerequisite to setting efficient long-term conservation measures...

Globally, over a billion people live with disabilities, facing significant challenges in accessing public transport, which impacts their autonomy, social participation, and economic status. Current research indicates that common problems include inadequate service in terms of destination, timing, and travel duration, as well as physical barriers at...

The preservation and management of riparian zones in nature protection areas are challenging due to the simultaneous demands of nature protection regulations, active nature tourism burdens, and local community needs. The local community’s willingness to participate in riparian zone management is an essential contribution to establishing successful...

Today, individuals interact with digital technologies in a plethora of ways requiring a range of digital skills, knowledge and attitudes—a combination that forms digital competence. Traditional digital skills measurements are often lengthy and complex, hindering real-world applications. Therefore, this study addresses the need for efficient digital...

The dwellings of Stone Age hunter-fisher-gatherers in the northwestern part of the East European Plain are often unjustly excluded from the definition of architecture, despite meeting all the necessary criteria. This thesis is the first pan-regional overview, including data on more than two hundred Stone Age dwellings excavated in Estonia, Latvia,...

This article investigates crime patterns across European countries in 2022 using Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA) to address limitations of traditional statistical approaches in dealing with the relative nature of crime data. Recognizing crime types as components of a whole, we employ CoDA to explore relationships between different crime categori...

Introduction Estonia is a Baltic country with high adult alcohol per capita (APC) consumption. Since 2013, its alcohol control policy has been guided by the Green Paper on Alcohol Policy ( GP ), which is the equivalent of a non‐binding national alcohol action plan. This contribution attempts to evaluate the overall impact of the GP on APC. Methods...

The rise of bacterial resistance threatens the treatment of infections and is closely linked to the consumption of antibacterial drugs. The EU’s ‘One Health’ approach aims to address this issue by requiring Member States to reduce consumption by 20% by 2030. This study analyses antibacterial consumption trends in the total care of European and non-...

St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is an ornamental and medical plant, distributed worldwide, which is rich in diverse secondary metabolites. The discovery of the presence of tocotrienols (rare prenyllipids) in H. perforatum marks a new chapter demanding a deeper understanding of the accumulation of these lipophilic biomolecules. Three wild...

The war between Russia and Ukraine has the potential to exacerbate social and economic effects on a worldwide scale, impacting several industries including energy, transportation, and agriculture crisis. Due to their heavy reliance on imports of key foods, the Middle East and North Africa are the most susceptible countries. The COVID-19 epidemic in...

The aim of the article is to demonstrate the specifics of the gastronomic code as a phenomenon of cultural model and as a particular element of the formation of Jewish identity during the Soviet period using the example of the situation of Jews in Latgale. The study is part of a research project focusing on the Jewish text in Latgale, a region in s...

The landslide victory of the Republican Party in the United States of America on 5 November 2024, unexpected by most observers, clearly showed that the Democrats fought the election on issues such as abortion and gender, while increasing numbers of immigrant and African American voters voted Republican in the Senate and House of Representatives, an...

The research task of the paper is to compile the input data system for the artificial intelligence (AI) model to implement in the textile industry. The methods employed for the purpose are: 1) analysis of the scientific literature in this field over the world, including Estonia and Latvia; 2) analysis of models previously created by the authors of...

In recent years, the field of social science research has increasingly sought to explain the role of cultural participation in promoting social and individual wellbeing. It has been studied in different cultural and artistic subsectors, including museums [Daykin et al. 2020]. The focus of this paper is on young people’s participation in cultural ac...

Problem Statement. School-yard is a place, where to develop physically, mentally and socially, spend recess time, have PE classes, do sports, relax and socialize. However, the landscape and facilities of school-yards usually lack a lot of affordances for the above-mentioned aims. Approach. The goal of the study is to explore the situation in differ...

Drawing on declassified reports from the KGB and Komsomol, this paper offers a new picture of dissenting activity among young people in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia between Stalin's death in 1953 and the end of the 1960s. In contrast to existing depictions of this period as a time of relative quiescence across the region, the article highlights ke...

New recreational companies are founded every year. Recreation companies founded in Latvia are small, so great attention must be paid to creating a company’s identity. The viability of a company depends on whether the consumer will notice it and whether there will be interest in the recreational service offered by the company. Advertising is very im...

Objectives: The ALTURA™ stent graft system is designed for the treatment of abdominal aortic and/or aorto-iliac aneurysms. This study evaluates the performance of the ALTURA™ stent graft, focusing on AAA diameter, landing zones, stent graft length, and migration following endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). Methods: This is a retrospective analysis...

Essay writing in a foreign language is of a high demand in the labor market. Essay writing in a foreign language is intended for audiences-including online users-with diverse cultural background in different parts of the globe. the aim of this article is to analyze the effectiveness of techniques (digital tools, visual aids, and interactive activit...