Science topic
Language - Science topic
Language is a verbal or nonverbal means of communicating ideas or feelings.
Questions related to Language
Our world has many kind of languages. Some languages have important contribution for our lives. For example we can learn a lot of sciences and technologies transfer from that language. But the other ones maybe ourselves don't find any advantages to study that language. Looks like just waste our time. What is your opinion about this topics ?
‘Entrance to courses is frequently restricted by high prerequisites in terms of prior academic performance (Arendt, Lange, & Wakefield, 1986; Crawford-Lange, 1985; Lange, 1987). This elitism is curious when one considers that it operates under the assumption that some students cannot learn a second language when virtually all students have achieved proficiency in a first language (Crawford & McLaren 2004, p. 141).
Should Higher Education institutes in native English-speaking countries request from Non-native English Speakers (NNES) English proficiency requirements for entry without mandating the same proficiency tests for Native English Speakers (NES)?
Some Higher Education institutes in native English-speaking countries require proof of proficiency from Non-native English-speaking individuals for entrance. There is no question that students need to communicate in the target culture language. However, these institutes enforce strict IELTS band scores for each language skill (reading, writing, speaking, and listening) from NNES but do not mandate that NES undertake the proficiency test. This assumes that NES are naturally skilled in reading, writing, speaking, and listening, whereas, in reality, not all NES have strong writing or reading skills.
Arguments to consider:
1) Some NNES might have exam anxiety, which puts them at a disadvantage when taking English proficiency tests.
2) Some topics in English proficiency tests are specific to NES cultures that NNES may be unfamiliar with.
3) NNES should have the opportunity to be accepted regardless of their English proficiency scores with options for prerequisite courses for improvement.
4) Different cultures have different writing styles. Language Tests assessors might not be familiar with these cultural differences, which may affect grading.
As in French le/la, in German der/die/das & other languages, thera are genders for words & so articles in some languages. Grammaticaly gender for words are complete redundancy !? Governments have to cancel them offically as soon as possible so that people can learn those languages easily also. One of the reason English almost became universal language is due to being genderless for words !
"It's an inheritance from our distant past. Researchers believe that Proto-Indo-European had two genders: animate and inanimate. It can also, in some cases, make it easier to use pronouns clearly when you're talking about multiple objects."
As Mark Twain once wrote in reference to German:
“A person’s mouth, neck, bosom, elbows, fingers, nails, feet, and body are of the male sex, and his head is male or neuter according to the word selected to signify it, and not according to the sex of the individual who wears it! A person’s nose, lips, shoulders, breast, hands, and toes are of the female sex; and his hair, ears, eyes, chin, legs, knees, heart, and conscience haven’t any sex at all…”
The question of transliteration (transcription) from Ukrainian Cyrillic to Latin in scientific texts is something that each Ukrainian researcher faced in his life. However, I could not find a perfect solution, so I am asking for your opinion.
Previously, for the transliterations of Ukrainian texts, I used transliteration rules from 27.01.2010 (http://ukrlit.org/transliteratsiia), which are known in Ukraine but not always understandable for foreigners. E.g. my previous surname was also transliterated using this standard (Дарія Ширяєва -> Dariia Shyriaieva, and to be honest, I do not know any foreigner who can read my name correctly using this official transliteration, especially the four vowels in the line "iaie"...)
So, it was not an ideal option, but I was used to it, and it is an accepted transliteration. That's why I defended this transliteration in my discussions with others.
However, I see that many people follow the ISO 9 standard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9) as an international standard, which also seems not ideal to me (at least the last version). Also, recently I found the mention of a new transliteration standard (quite a strange one!): "DSTU 9112:2021. Cyrillic-Latin transliteration and Latin-Cyrillic retransliteration of Ukrainian texts. Writing rules" (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%A3_9112:2021).
Could you please explain how you transliterate Ukrainian texts, which standard you use and why?
Thank you very much!
Dariia
In UAE, there are other Arabic dialects used. I just want to examine students attitudes towards English, Standard Arabic and the spoken dialect using the matched guise technique. So which dialect to use the in the recorded dialect guise ?
One of the answer would be the sensory input, but I want to know what others think
In Turkey, translation is used in the multiple-choice format in language proficiency exams. I wonder if there are any other examples around the world.
Hi, everyone. :)
Language maintenance and language shifting is an interesting topic. Talking about Indonesia, our linguists note that until 2022 Indonesia has 718 languages. Indonesia really cares about the existing languages.
One thing that is interesting, language maintenance and language shift are also influenced by geographical conditions.
To accommodate 718 different languages, Indonesia has a geographical condition of islands. If we move from island to island in Indonesia, the use of the language is very contrasting, there is contact of different languages between us.
Some literature states that language maintenance and language shift are strongly influenced by the concentration of speakers in an area.
So, in the developments related to the topic of language maintenance and language shift regarding geographical conditions, to what extent have linguists made new breakthroughs in this issue?
I think that the study of language maintenance and language shifts related to regions is the same as the study of food availability or state territory which makes the area the main factor for this defense.
I throw this question at all linguists, do you have a new point of view in the keywords language, maintenance, and geographical.
Kind regards :)
Hello all. I hope you are always in good health.
In the maintenance and shift of language, in the current era. What factors are most influential in language maintenance or language shift?
Generally, language maintenance and language shift involve attitudes, bilingualism, number of speakers, regional concentration, genealogy, etc.
Share your experience here. :)
From Hamlet: “What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving how express and admirable, in action how like an angel, in apprehension how like a god: the beauty of the world, the paragon of animals!”
From Herder’s On the Origin of Language (Abhandlung über den Ursprung der Sprache): “... we perceive to the right and to the left why no animal can invent language, why no God need invent language, and why man, as man, can and must invent language."
When Shakespeare and Herder use the word “man”, do they mean every individual human being or all of humanity acting collectively are noble in reason (per Hamlet) or create language (per Herder)? Do they use the word “man” as representative of humanity, or to they mean that every individual human being warrants admiration?
Is it a problem of philosophy, language, physics, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, or brain physiology? Or something else? Or beyond understanding?
A physiological approach is discussed by Joseph LeDoux (in The Deep History of Ourselves, 2020) among other authors. A physics orientation is considered in Deepak Chopra, Sir Roger Penrose, Brandon Carter (How Consciousness Became the Universe: Quantum Physics, 2017). David Rosenthal has written several books of philosophy about consciousness. And Bedau 1997 and Chalmers 2006. Which is the right conceptual reference frame? Or is more than one required?
Fellow psychologist and people of great curiosity! Greetings! Please help a novice in the topic. I was asked of my opinions on how well our words represent our true thought and beliefs, which left me wondering if there are empirical evidences on the subject. As it is not my field, I had a quite hard time finding the right word into the search engine. It would be great if you could suggest a few readings or simply share your thoughts!
(There is no parametre so far, thus, it could be anything related to the topic ' to what extent language does reflects attitude; what are factors influencing truthfulness of the word; When we change our attitude towards a certain topic, would our words adapt just as fast? etc.)
Thank you!
Steven
And if in addition to advancing in “Artificial Intelligence” we further investigate our “Natural Intelligence”!?
for example, Natural Intelligence and Research in Neurodegenerative diseases.
While we are still at an early stage in answering some key questions about Natural Intelligence [NI] [such as what algorithms the mind uses] the rapidly advancing Artificial Intelligence [AI] has already begun to change our Daily Lives. Machine learning has brought to light remarkable potential in healthcare, facilitating speech recognition, clinical image analysis, and medical diagnosis. For example, there is a growing need for automation of medical imaging, as it takes a lot of time and resources to train an Expert Human Radiologist. Deep learning AI architectures have been developed to analyze medical images of the brain, lungs, heart, breast, liver, skeletal muscle, some of which have already been used in clinics to aid in disease diagnosis.
Cfr.
This Question does not refer to "NATURALISTIC INTELLIGENCE" but to "NATURAL INTELLIGENCE"
We are asking by NATURAL INTELLIGENCE [NI] not by NATURALIST INTELLIGENCE

I am interested in meaning-making practices associated with visual language and what that means for traditional curricula in the English-speaking Caribbean.
Can anyone recommend a journal for submission? I am particularly looking for journals that (i) accept pieces in the 800 to 2000 word range, and (ii) that have no publication fees.
Studying one of the varieties of Persian, it is assumed that, regardless of the stress position, all the short (mono-moraic) vowels are reduced to schwa in all of the open syllables. More clearly, all long (bi-moraic) vowels are kept intact and the short vowels have a surface representation only if they are the nucleus of closed syllables. Has any research provided any evidence of a language or a variety which can fit a similar phonological pattern?
Any information would be greatly appreciated.
Dear Friends,
Greeting.
Happy New Year. I wish everybody a prosperous New Year.
I'm thinking of a project for checking the sound (phonetics) that will lost or promoted while switching from one set of alphabet to another. For example switching from Arabic letters to Latin in Turkey; does the set of Latin letters saved all Turkish phonetics (sound)? What is the advantages and/or disadvantages of such switching?
Did such work carried out anywhere?
Best Regards,
ABDUL-SAHIB
Hi all. A project I'm working on involves the use of a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The dependent variable is the transcriptional accuracy of sentences-in-noise (measured in proportions). The independent variables are accents of the sentences (2 accents) and visual primes (2 kinds of primes). The results show that there were significant main effects of primes and accents and a significant two-way interaction between primes and accents (F(1, 30)=9.97, p=0.004). However, as shown in the attached line chart, the two lines are almost parallel. Moreover, post-hoc paired-sample t-tests confirmed that participants' accuracy with accent2(Mean=0.77, s.d.=0.13) is significantly higher than accuracy with accent1(Mean=0.51, s.d.=0.18) in prime 1 condition, and similarly, participants' accuracy with accent2 (Mean=0.68, s.d.=0.13) is significantly higher than accuracy with accent1(Mean=0.31, s.d.=0.12) in prime 2 condition. Does this indicate that the main effects of accent and prime are not dependent on each other? If so, isn't this contradictory with the result suggesting significant interaction? Or is it that the occurrence of a significant 2-way interaction only requires that the difference between the group mean accuracies with accent 1 and 2 was smaller in prime 1 condition than in prime 2 condition, which in this case is true.
Thank you in advance!!!

Is the use of English in scientific articles a real need for an international working language, or a sign of long-lasting Colonialism that keeps limiting the development of perspectives emerging from non-native English speaking cultures?
Do we really need to publish in English? I think we do unless we find another international working language to communicate with colleagues, and people in general, who use a language different than ours. Remember that, throughout history, scholars have always found one or a small group of working languages to communicate with each other (Latin, German, French, among others).
But, now that we use English, ... do we have alternatives to communicate our findings in our own language? Some people say we don´t because we have to invest every second of our time publishing in English. Some others say that we must find a way to save some time to publish in our language in order to better develop our ideas and to better communicate with our own societies. There must be other perspectives out there....please, let us know what would you do to reconcile the different alternatives, and bring solutions into practice, and also tell us what are your institutions doing to address this issue.
Framework Readings (feel free to suggest more. I´ll keep adding):
This Discussion follow up this one: https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_language_s_will_replace_English_as_the_International_Working_Language_in_Scienc
My friend is looking for coauthors in Psychology & Cognitive Neuroscience field. Basically you will be responsible for paraphrasing, creating figures, and collecting references for a variety of publications. Please leave your email address if you are interested. 10 hours a week is required as there is a lot of projects to be done!
Hello,
We are working on a review regarding the relationship between language and the mutiple-demand network. You will be responsible for addressing the reviewer's criticisms. Please leave your email address if you are interested.
Best,
W
Most teachers agree that teaching the culture of native-speaking countries is valuable, but how MUCH should this be done? Do you have a percentage in mind or other ways of saying how much of the course should be about culture?
And how does this fit in with the multi-cultural or meta-cultural perspective and rationale for learning the other language?
Has your perspective changed over time?
I have a research and i should analyze the types of code-switching. however, i can't use Poplack's theory because my instructor said that it is too old. Any suggestions of new theories?
Hello,
Are there any studies in linguistics about the average information density per character according to language (in the written form)?
Actually, I'm looking for data (rankings, for instance) on the average information density per character (or for 100, 1000, etc. characters) for languages like English, French, Japanese, etc. (in their written, not spoken, form).
Thank you very much.
I was trying to determine whether there are differences in the frequencies of words (lemmas) in a given language corpus starting with the letter K and starting with the letter M. Some 50 000 words starting with K and 54000 words starting with M altogether. I first tried using the chi-square test, but the comments below revealed that this was an error.
google services that went from the best search engine to the backbone of the internet are very useful for the search of information, but sometimes the language in which that information is found is not the native of the researcher, for this reason translators are used to facilitate the understanding of it

Hello! I am looking for Spanish, English and Chinese native speakers to participate in my final survey for my PhD thesis.
This is the direct link.
Thank you for your participation.
We are developing a test for ad-hoc (ad-hoc) and scalar implicatures (SI) and are showing 3 images (of similar nature) to the participants: image, image with 1 item, image with 2 items.
Eg. Plate with pasta, a plate with pasta and sauce, a plate with pasta, sauce and meatballs.
A question for an ad-hoc is: My pasta has meatballs, which is my pasta?
Q. for an SI is: My pasta has sauce or meatballs, which is my pasta? (pasta with sauce is the target item since we are testing pragmatic implicatures, where 'or' means 'not both'.
The item that causes many difficulties in making up questions is the image without any items, ie. plate with pasta. How do we phrase the question so that it elicits this image as a target response, without using too complex syntax?
Negation; "My plate has no sauce or meatballs", "My plate has only pasta, no sauce and no meatballs", seems like a complex structure to introduce as a counterbalance to the other type of items.
Has anyone tested something similar, without negation? We would be grateful for any kind of tips and hints.
We attempt to make a research to explore prosodic features of verbal irony read by Chinese EFL learners. We want to figure out:
1. the prosodic features of verbal irony read by Chinese learners;
2. the difference of prosodic features in verbal irony read by Chinese learners and native speakers;
3. whether context (high and low) influence the reading of verbal irony.
Where can I get the code for K prototype algorithm for mixed attributes? Has anyone implemented it in any language?
Or not.
Harry Jerison in his 1991 book Brain Size and the Evolution of Mind, at p. 89 has:
Mind is a necessary brain adaptation that organizes otherwise unmanageable amounts of neural information into a representation of the external world.
Is Jerison right?
I am looking for any resources which may be useful in a study I am conducting on the impacts that language may have on our perception of crimes. I will be using headlines which convey a particular crime in a variety of lights; one which may appear to justify the perpetrator's actions, and one which portrays the crime in a neutral, non-biased way. I am looking for sources/previous studies which may back up this idea.
What data or physics supports innateness or on the contrary, the idea that language is a creation of society? Historically, from Herder through David Hume to Jespersen, Sapir, Whorf, Zipf , language was considered to have been created by societies. Beginning around 1960 the idea of language as a genetically innate human capacity began to have influence. Who is right?
I have been studying Zen in general and Koans in particular for a while. And it's applications in BUSINESS
The formulation of these Koans at first glance seems absurd and an austere waste of time, at least to me at first, but I suddenly started to see the logic behind it.
My troubles at the moment are;
1) How would I generate such Koans where my aim would be to seek answers that satisfy two divergent goals, tasks, concepts etc...
And second
2) if I somehow manage to generate such thing, how would I present it to my audience?
A statement, a question, a puzzle, a riddle anything else?....
The above is the object of my next publication and I it seems my brain is too small to handle it, therefore I am asking your help to generate some Koans for the business world
Many thanks in advance
The Publication Manual of APA (7th edition) has a very useful chapter on bias-free language. I would like to know if you've come across such chapters or sections in other publication manuals or style guides.
I would love to hear what people have come across in relation to language accessibility in publications. Ideally the journal focuses on Entomology and/or biodiversity, but I am also just curious on a broader scale if language friendly journals exist.
What are racism's effects on language acquisition?
Whether on a personal or institutional level, please share your experiences.
Thank you.
This is so far the procedure I was trying upon and then I couldn't fix it
As per my understanding here some definitions:
- lexical frequencies, that is, the frequencies with which correspondences occur in a dictionary or, as here, in a word list;
- lexical frequency is the frequency with which the correspondence occurs when you count all and only the correspondences in a dictionary.
- text frequencies, that is, the frequencies with which correspondences occur in a large corpus.
- text frequency is the frequency with which a correspondence occurs when you count all the correspondences in a large set of pieces of continuous prose ...;
You will see that lexical frequency produces much lower counts than text frequency because in lexical frequency each correspondence is counted only once per word in which it occurs, whereas text frequency counts each correspondence multiple times, depending on how often the words in which it appears to occur.
When referring to the frequency of occurrence, two different frequencies are used: type and token. Type frequency counts a word once.
So I understand that probably lexical frequencies deal with types counting the words once and text frequencies deal with tokens counting the words multiple times in a corpus, therefore for the last, we need to take into account the word frequency in which those phonemes and graphemes occur.
So far I managed phoneme frequencies as it follows
Phoneme frequencies:
Lexical frequency is: (single count of a phoneme per word/total number of counted phonemes in the word list)*100= Lexical Frequency % of a specific phoneme in the word list.
Text frequency is similar but then I fail when trying to add the frequencies of the words in the word list: (all counts of a phoneme per word/total number of counted phonemes in the word list)*100 vs (sum of the word frequencies of the targeted words that contain the phoneme/total sum of all the frequencies of all the words in the list)= Text Frequency % of a specific phoneme in the word list.
PLEASE HELP ME TO FIND A FORMULA ON HOW TO CALCULATE THE LEXICAL FREQUENCY AND THE TEXT FREQUENCY of phonemes and graphemes.
Do you know any aphorisms, old sayings, parables, folk proverbs, etc. on science, wisdom and knowledge, ...?
Please, quote.
Best wishes

Can we apply the theoretical computer science for proofs of theorems in Math?
We are conducting a research about the language use of Manobo students on social media specifically facebook, twitter and instagram. Your input could surely enhance the said endeavor.
Thank you very much!
My question is connected to rather unclear point of error correlation that many scholars encounter while conducting their SEM analysis. It is pretty often when scholars report procedures of correlating the error terms to enhance the overall goodness of fit for their models. Hermida (2015), for instance, provided an in-depth analysis for such issue and pointed out that there are many cases within social sciences studies when researchers do not provide appropriate justification for the error correlation. I have read in Harrington (2008) that the measurement errors can be the result of similar meaning or close to the meanings of words and phrases in the statements that participants are asked to assess. Another option to justify such correlation was connected to longitudinal studies and a priori justification for the error terms which might be based on the nature of study variables.
In my personal case, I have two items with Modification indices above 20.
lhs op rhs mi epc sepc.lv sepc.all sepc.nox
12 item1 ~~ item2 25.788 0.471 0.471 0.476 0.476
After correlating the errors, the model fit appears just great (Model consists of 5 latent factors of the first order and 2 latent factors of the first order; n=168; number of items: around 23). However, I am concerned with how to justify the error terms correlations. In my case the wording of two items appear very similar: With other students in English language class I feel supported (item 1) and With other students in English language class I feel supported (item 2)(Likert scale from 1 to 7). According to Harrington (2008) it's enough to justify the correlation between errors.
However, I would appreciate any comments on whether justification of similar wording of questions seems enough for proving error correlations.
Any further real-life examples of wording the items/questions or articles on the same topic are also well-appreciated.
Dear Research Colleagues,
Are you familiar with studies on language acquisition in early simultaneous trilingual children that show whether there are any delays in their language development? I am familiar with several studies on early simultaneous bilinguals indicating that such speakers are not significantly delayed in language acquisition. I wonder if trilinguals differ from mono- and bilinguals in how fast they acquire their languages.
I will appreciate your feedback.
Thank you.
Pleasant regards,
Monika
By using examples of sonnets from source language.
I would like to know the types of data science projects you are working on using Julia programming Language. You can view my video on YouTube. Here is link:
I'm doing a comparative study on social media language used by native and non-native speakers with special reference to Instagram. I am planning on using Discourse analysis. What is your take on this? Could anyone please suggest me what else can be used?
Dear Colleague,
It would be your generosity to respond to the questionnaires and also distribute it among your colleagues, students, and networks.
We would like to ask you if you would be so kind as to complete the following online questionnaires of a cross-cultural research study designed to investigate the relationship between CALL literacy and the attitudes of language teachers and students towards Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL).
Teachers and students who have previously answered the questionnaire say that it took about 10-20 minutes to do so. Your help would be very much appreciated.
Be sure that all the personal data provided from the questionnaire will be kept strictly confidential in our reports. Your personal data will not be disclosed nor used for any other purpose than educational research.
As a cross-cultural study, I need a good number of data from different countries. Please circulate this post through your networks.
Your input is really important for our study.
If you are a teacher: https://goo.gl/forms/Z1rgHmP2plqwqHbW2
If you are a student: https://goo.gl/forms/u3hCIGcDzvuEdI263
If you are both a teacher and a student please respond to both questionnaires.
Thank you in advance for your help and cooperation.
Regards,
Dara Tafazoli
Mª Elena Gómez Parra
Cristina A. Huertas Abril
University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
Software engineering Software Effort estimation
In his important poem “Little Gidding”, T.S.Elliot makes the soul of a dead man say of his and by implication all our lives:
Since our concern was speech, and speech impelled us
To purify the dialect of the tribe
And urge the mind to aftersight and foresight,
….
DOES human speech “urge the mind to aftersight and foresight”?
If so, that seems to me very important!
I'm often very skeptical about the language decisions and policies issued by governments or self-proclaimed language authorities to control the way people use language. Nevertheless, I'm just curious to know if there is evidence for the (partial or full) success of such a top-down approach in some contexts.
In the Kenyan context mother tongue is regarded as the language of the school catchment area. First language is regarded as the language acquired before none. Some vernaculars are mother tongues and first languages.
Can you think of a research work OR a way to prove that "a certain bag of words has more value / worth / creativity than other set of words" !
For example: Enjoy is more proper than chill OR Observe has more weight than See.
Some philosophers/mathematicians (e.g., Tarski) laid some emphasis on construing a language that does not admit of contradictions, and were even ready to pay the price (if you want to call it thus) of excluding semantic terms and the like. I came to ask myself if it is actually a problem (rather than an advantage) of a language that it is able to express many things (including contradictions). What do you think?
For instance, language A uses different verbs for different sex, whereas language B does not. Thus, it can save some words to describe the sex of the subject in language A rather than language B.
Hi, I am a german university student (business administration and psychology) and I am going to write my bachelor thesis.
I would like to research a correlation between stress and the language. For the following points I need your help:
- differently option for stress induction
- or unsolvable tasks for stress induction
- or questionnaire for stress induction
I know about the trier social stress test and the socially evaluative cold water stress test, so I need other options. The best way for me is, to have a computeraided stress test.
I hope you can help me and make my student life a little easier :-).
Best regards,
Timo Köhler
You tend to see papers being published which contain a lot of grammatical and language errors.
These errors can make the papers very difficult to read and can in some cases really hurt the credibility of the work. Some journals do a good job at correcting these things, but some journals do nothing.
Should they do a better job or is it entirely up to the authors to fix these things? Once the paper is published, the authors are typically required to transfer the copyright, so I feel like it's the journals' obligation to fix these things.
The same questions can be asked about figure quality.
I would be great to hear from editors, both academic and professional.
What is the best Instructional Design Model (IDM) to follow when designing an AR learning app for language acquisition for non speakers age (23-30)?
According to Noam Chomsky, "the Martian language might not be so different from human language after all.” And, "if a Martian visited Earth, it would think we all speak dialects of the same language, because all terrestrial languages share a common underlying structure” — he must mean "universal grammar." Others also believe that since the laws of the universe are supposedly the same everywhere, the language alien civilizations use might be fundamentally similar. Stephen Krashen, on the other hand, wrote "It is possible that alien language will be completely different from human languages." Do you think alien language would be similar to or different from human language?
Our language is the origin and the building mean of formal languages of math and physics. Artificial intelligence mashines creates even their own language.
Are there research to create new languages to create new science or to simplify and make more understandable the current science? Or is it just my fantasy? Maybe if a man can see, say in ifrared range then he could invent new words? Maybe we should go in this direction?
How will one create new language describing our world and qualitatively different from the today one? Maybe we should study other creatures likes delphines?
Dear RG Colleagues,
I need a reference(s) that I can cite in a research paper that will support the commonly accepted claim: it is easier to learn a foreign language that is linguistically similar to our native language (or our second/third language that we already know).
Thank you!
Monika
When, where, and by whom were they implemented? Why do you think they were successful?
Centuries of linguistic imposition associated with colonial expansion, followed by the monolingual policies of governments seeking to create national identities, and more recently the global expansion of corporate power and communications networks, have taken their toll on many languages, to the point where some have become extinct and others are faced with the challenge of revitalizing themselves to avoid extinction. Some language communities have had more success than others in meeting this challenge and fortifying their mother tongues. I am interested in reading more about these efforts, and I think that the diverse, multicultural composition of ResearchGate makes it an ideal forum for discussing this topic.
I am attaching the English version of the Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights (Barcelona, 1996) as an initial contribution to the discussion.
With a group of other teachers, I am currently writing course syllabuses for various (Common European Framework of Reference) CEFR levels. My view is that I can't include all the contents of a given CEFR level in a course but the essentials. However, other teachers disagree and say I should include everything, even when those contents will not be explicitly taught.
Hello,
I am looking for literature or research that focuses on how different structural or agency-based factors influence the strengthening of different language hierarchies in school settings.
We conducted some research on Hungarian language teaching for Hungarian minority students in Romanian language schools. The short story is the following. These classes are optional and the curriculum and how they need to be organized are not clear and in this context seemingly the goals formulated by teachers (language revitalization, Hungarian as a basic element of Hungarian identity for students) are not in concordance with the actual language teaching practices and the teachers', schools' and students' attitudes toward the language, and through this teachers unintendedly reify the lack of importance or asymmetry between Romanian and Hungarian languages.
So can you suggest some literature that could help me contextualize or findings?
I am familiar with Shohamy's Hidden language strategies, Tollefson's book on inequalities and some of Ricento's work.
Dear Colleagues,
According to Ethnologue (2005) there are 7099 living languages in the world. I imagine this number may have changed. Could you provide me with a more current number and a citable source?
Many thanks,
Monika
"Txtng: The Gr8 Db8" is the name of the famous book on texting written by David Crystal.
What is the name of the language used in social media?
Is it texting, text messages, textism, netspeak, thumbspeak net write, ICT English, computer mediated communication, internet language, chat language? Does it have an agreed upon name?
Texting in Arabic is called Franco-Arabic.
Can anyone let me know its etymology?
Thank you very much indeed!
I am researching whether dance can be considered a language, and different languages effects on movement quality. i am interested in how dancing to spoken word, interpreting it affects dancers cognition, is it that we are listening to the rhythm of the words and sentences using our embodied movement vocabulary or is it that dancers are trying to interpret the spoken language in its literal meaning if they understand the spoken languages? Is it possible to translate spoken word with just movement and allow the audience to understand it without previous knowledge of the spoken languages? is it possible to understand spoken languages through movement only, even in its simplest context?
Use of smartphones, Microsoft word and autocorrector has changed the way youngsters read and write these days. Is technology to be blamed for this or the laziness of our generation, or something else?
I need some background reading for Israel Palestine conflict, on the lines of identity crisis. Doing a comparative research for on Identity and Language issues Thank you.
I am conducting a study using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) program. I am wondering what the minimum word requirement for the LIWC analysis? In the past, some reviewers suggest that a text sample should include >= 50 words to get a valid result, but I didn't see any literature supporting this claim. I also cannot find any info in the LIWC handbook. Could anyone please help?